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Wen Z, Feng X, Tong X, Peng C, Xu A, Fan H, Bi Y, Liu W, Li Z, Guo S, Jin F, Li R, Liu Y, Su S, Zhang X, Li X, He X, Liu A, Duan C. A Mendelian randomisation, propensity score matching study to investigate causal association between serum homocysteine and intracranial aneurysm. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2024; 9:202-211. [PMID: 37507145 PMCID: PMC11221312 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2023-002414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent observational studies have reported that serum total homocysteine (tHcy) is associated with intracranial aneurysms (IAs). However, the causal effect of tHcy on IAs is unknown. We leveraged large-scale genetic association and real-world data to investigate the causal effect of tHcy on IA formation. METHODS We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) using publicly available genome-wide association studies summary statistics to investigate the causal relationship between tHcy and IAs, following the recommendations of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-MR statement. Furthermore, a propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was conducted to evaluate the detailed effects of tHcy on risk of IA formation by utilizing real-world multicentre data, including 9902 patients with and without IAs (1:1 matched). Further interaction and subgroup analyses were performed to elucidate how tHcy affects risk of IA formation. RESULTS MR analyses indicated that genetically determined tHcy was causally associated with IA risk (OR, 1.38, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.79; p=0.018). This is consistent with the more conservative weighted median analysis (OR, 1.41, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.93; p=0.039). Further sensitivity analyses showed no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity of single nucleotide polymorphisms in causal inference. According to the PSM study, we found that, compared with low tHcy (≤15 µmol/L), moderate tHcy (>15-30 µmol/L) (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.93 to 2.36) and high tHcy (>30 µmol/L) (OR 3.66, 95% CI 2.71 to 4.95) were associated with a higher IA risk (p trend <0.001). Subgroup analyses demonstrated significant ORs of tHcy in each subgroup when stratified by traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, there was also a synergistic effect of tHcy and hypertension on IA risk (p interaction <0.001; the relative excess risk due to interaction=1.65, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.01). CONCLUSION Both large-scale genetic evidence and multicentre real-world data support a causal association between tHcy and risk of IA formation. Serum tHcy may serve as a biomarker to identify high-risk individuals who would particularly benefit from folate supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohua Wen
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anqi Xu
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Bi
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenquan Guo
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fa Jin
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Li
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanchao Liu
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shixing Su
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xifeng Li
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuying He
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aihua Liu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanzhi Duan
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Le A, Peng H, Golinsky D, Di Scipio M, Lali R, Paré G. What Causes Premature Coronary Artery Disease? Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:189-203. [PMID: 38573470 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides an overview of genetic and non-genetic causes of premature coronary artery disease (pCAD). RECENT FINDINGS pCAD refers to coronary artery disease (CAD) occurring before the age of 65 years in women and 55 years in men. Both genetic and non-genetic risk factors may contribute to the onset of pCAD. Recent advances in the genetic epidemiology of pCAD have revealed the importance of both monogenic and polygenic contributions to pCAD. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most common monogenic disorder associated with atherosclerotic pCAD. However, clinical overreliance on monogenic genes can result in overlooked genetic causes of pCAD, especially polygenic contributions. Non-genetic factors, notably smoking and drug use, are also important contributors to pCAD. Cigarette smoking has been observed in 25.5% of pCAD patients relative to 12.2% of non-pCAD patients. Finally, myocardial infarction (MI) associated with spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) may result in similar clinical presentations as atherosclerotic pCAD. Recognizing the genetic and non-genetic causes underlying pCAD is important for appropriate prevention and treatment. Despite recent progress, pCAD remains incompletely understood, highlighting the need for both awareness and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Le
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Helen Peng
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8L 4K1, Canada
| | - Danielle Golinsky
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8L 4K1, Canada
| | - Matteo Di Scipio
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8L 4K1, Canada
| | - Ricky Lali
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8L 4K1, Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada.
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8L 4K1, Canada.
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Wang C, Li B, Zhu Q, Zhang Q, Xie Z, Xie H, Li X. Dietary vitamin B6 intake and stroke are negatively associated in adults: A cross-sectional study from the NHANES. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31125. [PMID: 38778939 PMCID: PMC11109891 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between dietary vitamin B6 and stroke risk is controversial; thus, we analyzed their correlation using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Method Data from 2005 to 2018 were collected from the NHANES database. Two 24-h dietary recalls and a standard questionnaire were used to evaluate vitamin B6 intake and stroke prevalence. We used logistic regression models to estimate the association between dietary vitamin B6 intake and stroke risk and investigated the nonlinear relationship between them using a restricted cubic spline (RCS). Sensitivity analysis was conducted using propensity score matching (PSM). Results Among 24,214 participants, 921 were patients diagnosed with stroke, while 23,293 were without stroke. The multivariate logistic regression model revealed that individuals in the highest quartile of vitamin B6 consumption had a significantly lower stroke risk than those in the lowest quartile under the fully adjusted model (OR: 0.48, 95 % CI: 0.35-0.66, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that dietary intake of vitamin B6 was a significant protective factor against stroke risk in different populations, with the most pronounced effect in the population engaging in moderate-intensity physical activity (OR: 0.34, 95%CI: 0.20-0.57). The RCS models revealed a non-linear L-shaped relationship (P for nonlinearity = 0.006) between stroke and dietary intake of vitamin B6. Conclusions Our study shows that an increased intake of vitamin B6 could be an effective strategy in reducing the risk of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Huizhou Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Huizhou Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Huizhou Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
| | - Qikeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Huizhou Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
| | - Zhenyan Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Huizhou Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
| | - Huixi Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Huizhou Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
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Kumakura H, Funada R, Matsuo Y, Iwasaki T, Nakashima K, Tsuboi E, Ichikawa S. Fifteen-year clinical prognosis and cardiovascular or limb event associated with homocysteine levels in peripheral arterial disease. J Cardiol 2023; 82:423-428. [PMID: 37146875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2023.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited reports on the relationship between plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels and long-term all-cause death (ACD), cardiovascular events, or limb events in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). We examined the relationship between plasma Hcy levels and 15-year these events in PAD patients. METHODS We performed a prospective cohort study in 955 PAD patients. The patients were divided into four groups based on plasma Hcy levels with median (interquartile range). The endpoints were cumulative incidences of ACD, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and MACE plus limb events (MACLE). RESULTS The incidences of ACD, MACE, and MACLE were correlated with plasma Hcy levels (P < 0.05). In multiple regression analysis, plasma Hcy had positive correlations with C-reactive protein (CRP), men, and critical limb ischemia (CLI) and negative correlations with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.05). In Cox multivariate analysis, higher Hcy (HR 1.614, 95 % CI 1.229-2.119, p = 0.001), age, CRP, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), D-dimer, lower body mass index, ankle brachial pressure index (ABI), serum albumin, eGFR, CLI, coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease, and diabetes were related to ACD; higher Hcy (HR 1.242, 95 % CI 1.004-1.535, p = 0.045), age, BNP, lower ABI, serum albumin, diabetes, and CHD were related to MACE; and higher Hcy (HR 1.290, 95 % CI 1.057-1.574, p = 0.012), BNP, lower ABI, serum albumin, CHD, and diabetes were related to MACLE (P < 0.05). Statins improved ACD, MACE, and MACLE (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Plasma Hcy was a risk factor for 15-year ACD, MACE, and MACLE in patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisao Kumakura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Hospital of Central Japan (Kitakanto Cardiovascular Hospital), Gunma, Japan.
| | - Ryuichi Funada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Hospital of Central Japan (Kitakanto Cardiovascular Hospital), Gunma, Japan
| | - Yae Matsuo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Hospital of Central Japan (Kitakanto Cardiovascular Hospital), Gunma, Japan
| | - Toshiya Iwasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Hospital of Central Japan (Kitakanto Cardiovascular Hospital), Gunma, Japan
| | - Kuniki Nakashima
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Hospital of Central Japan (Kitakanto Cardiovascular Hospital), Gunma, Japan
| | - Eitoshi Tsuboi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Hospital of Central Japan (Kitakanto Cardiovascular Hospital), Gunma, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ichikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Hospital of Central Japan (Kitakanto Cardiovascular Hospital), Gunma, Japan
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Wang X, Yang Y, Xu L, Yu L, Zang S, Li X. Association between homocysteine level and length of stay in patients with lower extremity atherosclerotic disease: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067677. [PMID: 37429696 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Homocysteine (Hcy) level has been widely identified as a risk factor associated with adverse outcomes in patients with lower extremity atherosclerotic disease (LEAD). However, there are still some knowledge gaps in research on the association between Hcy level and downstream adverse outcomes, such as length of stay (LOS). This study aims to explore whether and to what extent Hcy level is associated with LOS in patients with LEAD. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING China. PARTICIPANTS, PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 748 patients from inpatients with LEAD between January 2014 and November 2021 at the First Hospital of China Medical University in China. We used a slew of generalised linear models to evaluate the association between Hcy level and LOS. RESULTS The patients' median age was 68 years and 631 (84.36%) were males. A dose-response curve with an inflection point at 22.63 µmol/L was observed between Hcy level and LOS after the adjustment of potential confounders. LOS increased before Hcy level reached the inflection point (β: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.55; p<0.001).ConclusionOur results show that an Hcy level <22.63 µmol/L is associated with increased LOS in patients with LEAD, which was independent of some other risk factors. This might shed light on how Hcy can be used as a key marker in the comprehensive management of patients with LEAD during hospitalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Community Nursing, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Community Nursing, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Phase I Clinical Trails Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Zang
- Department of Community Nursing, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Xiao K, Chen Y, Xiao L, Sun H, He Z, Huang G, Chen L, Xv L, Peng L, Li J, Xv Y, Wang J. The relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and total coronary artery occlusion: a cross-sectional study from Southwest China. Coron Artery Dis 2023; 34:138-145. [PMID: 36633332 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000001217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence points to hyperhomocysteinemia as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease in addition to traditional cardiovascular risks, but few have studied the association between hyperhomocysteinemia and total coronary artery occlusion (TCAO). To understand the risk factors for TCAO, we investigated the potential relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and TCAO, and the interactions between cardiovascular risk factors and hyperhomocysteinemia. METHODS A total of 890 adult patients from Southwest China participated in this cross-sectional study between February 2018 and February 2021. TCAO was defined as complete occlusion of more than one of the 15 coronary segments. Hyperhomocysteinemia was defined as serum homocysteine levels ≥15 μmol/L. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and TCAO. The relationship between homocysteine as a continuous variable and TCAO was also analyzed. Subgroup analyses by sex, age, weight, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were done, and interactions between subgroup variables and hyperhomocysteinemia were performed. RESULTS Individuals with hyperhomocysteinemia showed an increased risk for TCAO. The adjusted odds ratio for TCAO in individuals with hyperhomocysteinemia was 1.74 (95% confidence interval, 1.28-2.36). When analyzed as a continuous variable, homocysteine was associated with an increased risk for TCAO. Subgroup analysis showed that the association between hyperhomocysteinemia and TCAO was statistically significant in men, elderly, overweight, smokers, and non-diabetic people. Interaction analysis showed no significant interactions between hyperhomocysteinemia and group variables. CONCLUSIONS In Southwest China, hyperhomocysteinemia was significantly associated with TCAO. This association was particularly significant in men, elderly, overweight, smokers, and non-diabetic people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyong Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Lizhou District, Guangyuan, Sichuan
| | - Yuxiong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District, Beijing
| | - Lian Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Lizhou District, Guangyuan, Sichuan
| | - Hua Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Lizhou District, Guangyuan, Sichuan
| | - Zhongwei He
- Department of Cardiology, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Lizhou District, Guangyuan, Sichuan
| | - Guan Huang
- Medical Laboratory Center, Guangyuan Central Hospital
| | - Lvhong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Lizhou District, Guangyuan, Sichuan
| | - Lei Xv
- Department of Cardiology, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Lizhou District, Guangyuan, Sichuan
| | - Ling Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, Guangyuan Central Hospital
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Lizhou District, Guangyuan, Sichuan
| | - Yuling Xv
- Sterilization Supply Center, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Lizhou District, Guangyuan, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Lizhou District, Guangyuan, Sichuan
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Zhang D, Liu Z, Guo W, Lu Q, Zhang H, Lei Z, Liu P, Huang C, Wang J, Chang Q, Lin X, Wang F, Wu S. Serum homocysteine level is an independent risk factor for 1-year stroke recurrence in patients with acute ischemic stroke and H-type hypertension: results from the Xi'an stroke registry study of China. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1161318. [PMID: 37143996 PMCID: PMC10151713 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1161318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background H-type hypertension has a high prevalence in China. However, the association of serum homocysteine levels with 1-year stroke recurrence in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and H-type hypertension has not been studied. Methods A prospective cohort study of patients with AIS admitted to hospitals between January and December 2015 in Xi'an, China, was conducted. Serum homocysteine levels, demographic data, and other relevant information were collected from all patients upon admission. Stroke recurrences were routinely tracked at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after discharge. The blood homocysteine level was studied as a continuous variable and tertiles (T1-T3). A multivariable Cox proportional hazard model and a two-piecewise linear regression model were utilized to evaluate the association and ascertain the threshold effect regarding the serum homocysteine level and 1-year stroke recurrence in patients with AIS and H-type hypertension. Results Overall, 951 patients with AIS and H-type hypertension were enrolled, of whom 61.1% were male. After adjusting for confounders, patients in T3 had a significantly increased risk of recurrent stroke within 1 year, compared with those in T1 as the reference (hazard ratio = 2.24, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-4.97, p = 0.047). Curve fitting showed that serum homocysteine levels were positively curvilinearly correlated with 1-year stroke recurrence. Threshold effect analysis showed that an optimal threshold of serum homocysteine level <25 μmol/L was effective in reducing the risk of 1-year stroke recurrence in patients with AIS and H-type hypertension. Elevated homocysteine levels in patients with severe neurological deficits on admission significantly increased the risk of 1-year stroke recurrence (p for interaction = 0.041). Conclusions In patients with AIS and H-type hypertension, the serum homocysteine level was an independent risk factor for 1-year stroke recurrence. A serum homocysteine level of ≥25 μmol/L significantly increased the risk of 1-year stroke recurrence. These findings can inform the creation of a more precise homocysteine reference range for the prevention and treatment of 1-year stroke recurrence in patients with AIS and H-type hypertension and provide a theoretical foundation for the individualized prevention and treatment of stroke recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhongzhong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Weiyan Guo
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingli Lu
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Lei
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Congli Huang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Chang
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuemei Lin
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Songdi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Songdi Wu
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Wu DF, Liao QC, Lu F, Wang Z, Yu K, Deng JL. Differential effects of hyperhomocysteinemia on the lipid profiles and lipid ratios between patients with and without coronary artery disease: A retrospective observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32464. [PMID: 36595992 PMCID: PMC9803476 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the differential effects of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) on lipid profiles and lipid ratios between patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and without CAD. The data of 872 CAD patients and 774 non-CAD controls were extracted from the information system of hospitalized patients. Serum homocysteine (Hcy), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein (Apo) AI, and ApoB concentrations were detected. HHcy was defined as a serum level of Hcy ≥ 15 μmol/L. The CAD patients had lower levels of HDL-C and ApoAI and higher levels of Hcy than the controls (P < .05). Serum TGs and HDL-C were negatively correlated with Hcy in controls. Serum HDL-C and ApoAI were negatively correlated with Hcy, and the ratios of TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL/HDL-C, and ApoB/ApoAI were positively correlated with Hcy in the CAD patients (P < .05). Although the trends for HHcy to decrease the lipid profiles were not different between the CAD and controls (Pinteraction > 0.05), CAD with HHcy had lower HDL-C and ApoAI levels than those of subjects with normal Hcy; controls with HHcy had lower TC, LDL-C, and ApoB levels than those of subjects with normal Hcy (P < .05). There were different HHcy trends affecting the ratios of TC/HDL-C and LDL/HDL-C between the CAD patients and controls (Pinteraction for TC/HDL-C = 0.025; Pinteraction for LDL/HDL-C = 0.033). CAD patients with HHcy had a higher ratio of TC/HDL-C (P = .022) and LDL/HDL-C (P = .045) than those of patients with normal Hcy, but in the controls, the subjects with HHcy exhibited a trend toward a decreased ratio of TC/HDL-C (P = .481) and LDL/HDL-C (P = .303). There were differential effects of HHcy on the lipid ratios between CAD and non-CAD patients. HHcy was related to higher ratios of TC/HDL-C and LDL/HDL-C in patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Feng Wu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Qin-Chen Liao
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Kun Yu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jin-Long Deng
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- * Correspondence: Jin-Long Deng, Department of the Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People’s Republic of China (e-mail: )
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9
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Nakajima A, Libby P, Mitomo S, Yuki H, Araki M, Seegers LM, McNulty I, Lee H, Ishibashi M, Kobayashi K, Dijkstra J, Ouchi T, Onishi H, Yabushita H, Matsuoka S, Kawamoto H, Watanabe Y, Tanaka K, Chou S, Sato T, Naganuma T, Okutsu M, Tahara S, Kurita N, Nakamura S, Kuter DJ, Nakamura S, Jang IK. Biomarkers associated with coronary high-risk plaques. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2022; 54:647-659. [PMID: 36205839 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-022-02709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vascular inflammation, lipid metabolism, and thrombogenicity play a key role not only in atherogenesis but also in the development of acute coronary syndromes. Biomarkers associated with coronary high-risk plaques defined according to intravascular imaging have not been systematically studied. A total of 69 patients with coronary artery disease who underwent both optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasound imaging, and who provided blood specimens were included. Comprehensive biomarkers for inflammation, lipid, and coagulation were analyzed. Composite models sought biomarker patterns associated with thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) and "high-risk plaques" (TCFA and large plaque burden). Two different composite models were developed for TCFA, based on the finding that high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, fibrinogen, IL-6, homocysteine and amyloid A levels were elevated, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and bile acid levels were decreased in these patients. Both composite models were highly accurate for detecting patients with TCFA (area under curve [AUC]: 0.883 in model-A and 0.875 in model-B, both p < 0.001). In addition, creatinine, hsCRP, fibrinogen, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, homocysteine, amyloid A, HDL, prothrombin, and bile acid were useful for detecting patients with "high-risk plaques". Two composite models were highly accurate for detection of patients with "high-risk plaques" (AUC: 0.925 in model-A and 0.947 in model-B, both p < 0.001). Biomarkers useful for detection of patients with high-risk coronary plaques defined according to intravascular imaging have been identified. These biomarkers may be useful to risk stratify patients and to develop targeted therapy.Clinical Trial Registration https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/ , UMIN000041692. Biomarkers and high-risk plaques hsCRP, PAI-1, fibrinogen, IL-6, homocysteine, amyloid A, HDL, and bile acid were useful for detecting patients with TCFA. hsCRP, fibrinogen, IL-6, homocysteine, amyloid A, creatinine, TNFα, HDL, prothrombin, and bile acid were useful for detecting patients with "high-risk plaques" (plaque which has both TCFA and large plaque burden). White arrowhead denotes TCFA. Red and green dashed lines denote lumen area and external elastic membrane area, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Nakajima
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 800, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Interventional Cardiology Unit, New Tokyo Hospital, 1271 Wanagaya, Matsudo, Chiba, 270-2232, Japan
| | - Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Satoru Mitomo
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, New Tokyo Hospital, 1271 Wanagaya, Matsudo, Chiba, 270-2232, Japan
| | - Haruhito Yuki
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, New Tokyo Hospital, 1271 Wanagaya, Matsudo, Chiba, 270-2232, Japan
| | - Makoto Araki
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 800, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lena Marie Seegers
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 800, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Iris McNulty
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 800, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hang Lee
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Midori Ishibashi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuna Kobayashi
- Clinical Research Center, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jouke Dijkstra
- Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Toru Ouchi
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, New Tokyo Hospital, 1271 Wanagaya, Matsudo, Chiba, 270-2232, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Onishi
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, New Tokyo Hospital, 1271 Wanagaya, Matsudo, Chiba, 270-2232, Japan
| | - Hiroto Yabushita
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, New Tokyo Hospital, 1271 Wanagaya, Matsudo, Chiba, 270-2232, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsuoka
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, New Tokyo Hospital, 1271 Wanagaya, Matsudo, Chiba, 270-2232, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Kawamoto
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, New Tokyo Hospital, 1271 Wanagaya, Matsudo, Chiba, 270-2232, Japan
| | - Yusuke Watanabe
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, New Tokyo Hospital, 1271 Wanagaya, Matsudo, Chiba, 270-2232, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanaka
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, New Tokyo Hospital, 1271 Wanagaya, Matsudo, Chiba, 270-2232, Japan
| | - Shengpu Chou
- Department of Diabetes Internal Medicine, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sato
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, New Tokyo Hospital, 1271 Wanagaya, Matsudo, Chiba, 270-2232, Japan
| | - Toru Naganuma
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, New Tokyo Hospital, 1271 Wanagaya, Matsudo, Chiba, 270-2232, Japan
| | - Masaaki Okutsu
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, New Tokyo Hospital, 1271 Wanagaya, Matsudo, Chiba, 270-2232, Japan
| | - Satoko Tahara
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, New Tokyo Hospital, 1271 Wanagaya, Matsudo, Chiba, 270-2232, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kurita
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, New Tokyo Hospital, 1271 Wanagaya, Matsudo, Chiba, 270-2232, Japan
| | - Shotaro Nakamura
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, New Tokyo Hospital, 1271 Wanagaya, Matsudo, Chiba, 270-2232, Japan
| | - David J Kuter
- Hematology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sunao Nakamura
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, New Tokyo Hospital, 1271 Wanagaya, Matsudo, Chiba, 270-2232, Japan.
| | - Ik-Kyung Jang
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 800, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Division of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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10
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Nakajima A, Mitomo S, Yuki H, Araki M, Seegers LM, McNulty I, Lee H, Kuter D, Ishibashi M, Kobayashi K, Dijkstra J, Onishi H, Yabushita H, Matsuoka S, Kawamoto H, Watanabe Y, Tanaka K, Chou S, Naganuma T, Okutsu M, Tahara S, Kurita N, Nakamura S, Das S, Nakamura S, Jang IK. Gut Microbiota and Coronary Plaque Characteristics. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e026036. [PMID: 36000423 PMCID: PMC9496418 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.026036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The relationship between gut microbiota and in vivo coronary plaque characteristics has not been reported. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and coronary plaque characteristics in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods and Results Patients who underwent both optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasound imaging and provided stool and blood specimens were included. The composition of gut microbiota was evaluated using 16S rRNA sequencing. A total of 55 patients were included. At the genus level, 2 bacteria were associated with the presence of thin-cap fibroatheroma, and 9 bacteria were associated with smaller fibrous cap thickness. Among them, some bacteria had significant associations with inflammatory/prothrombotic biomarkers. Dysgonomonas had a positive correlation with interleukin-6, Paraprevotella had a positive correlation with fibrinogen and negative correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Succinatimonas had positive correlations with fibrinogen and homocysteine, and Bacillus had positive correlations with fibrinogen and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. In addition, Paraprevotella, Succinatimonas, and Bacillus were also associated with greater plaque volume. Ten bacteria were associated with larger fibrous cap thickness. Some were associated with protective biomarker changes; Anaerostipes had negative correlations with trimethylamine N-oxide, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin-6, and Dielma had negative correlations with trimethylamine N-oxide, white blood cells, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and homocysteine, and a positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusions Bacteria that were associated with vulnerable coronary plaque phenotype and greater plaque burden were identified. These bacteria were also associated with elevated inflammatory or prothrombotic biomarkers. Registration URL: https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/; Unique identifier: UMIN000041692.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Nakajima
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA.,Interventional Cardiology Unit New Tokyo Hospital Chiba Japan
| | - Satoru Mitomo
- Interventional Cardiology Unit New Tokyo Hospital Chiba Japan
| | - Haruhito Yuki
- Interventional Cardiology Unit New Tokyo Hospital Chiba Japan
| | - Makoto Araki
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Lena Marie Seegers
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Iris McNulty
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Hang Lee
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - David Kuter
- Hematology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Midori Ishibashi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine New Tokyo Hospital Chiba Japan
| | | | - Jouke Dijkstra
- Leiden University Medical Center Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Hirokazu Onishi
- Interventional Cardiology Unit New Tokyo Hospital Chiba Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yusuke Watanabe
- Interventional Cardiology Unit New Tokyo Hospital Chiba Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanaka
- Interventional Cardiology Unit New Tokyo Hospital Chiba Japan
| | - Shengpu Chou
- Department of Diabetes Internal Medicine New Tokyo Hospital Chiba Japan
| | - Toru Naganuma
- Interventional Cardiology Unit New Tokyo Hospital Chiba Japan
| | - Masaaki Okutsu
- Interventional Cardiology Unit New Tokyo Hospital Chiba Japan
| | - Satoko Tahara
- Interventional Cardiology Unit New Tokyo Hospital Chiba Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kurita
- Interventional Cardiology Unit New Tokyo Hospital Chiba Japan
| | | | - Suman Das
- Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN
| | - Sunao Nakamura
- Interventional Cardiology Unit New Tokyo Hospital Chiba Japan
| | - Ik-Kyung Jang
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA.,Division of Cardiology Kyung Hee University Hospital Seoul South Korea
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11
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HHcy Induces Pyroptosis and Atherosclerosis via the Lipid Raft-Mediated NOX-ROS-NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway in apoE -/- Mice. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152438. [PMID: 35954287 PMCID: PMC9368640 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts play important roles in signal transduction, particularly in responses to inflammatory processes. The current study aimed to identify whether lipid raft-mediated inflammation contributes to hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)-accelerated atherosclerosis (AS), and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. THP-1-derived macrophages were used for in vitro experiments. ApoE−/− mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to establish an AS model, and a high-fat plus high-methionine diet was used to induce HHcy. We found that homocysteine (Hcy) increased the expression of p22phox and p67phox and promoted their recruitment into lipid rafts (indicating the assembly of the NOX complex), thereby increasing ROS generation and NOX activity, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and pyroptosis. Mechanistically, Hcy activated the NOX-ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and induced pyroptosis by increasing the expression of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) to promote the formation of lipid raft clustering. Importantly, lipid raft-mediated pyroptosis was confirmed in HHcy mice, and HHcy-promoted macrophage recruitment in atherosclerotic lesions and HHcy-aggravated AS were blocked by the lipid raft disruptor methyl-β-cyclodextrin. The study findings indicate that Hcy promotes lipid raft clustering via the upregulation of ASM, which mediates the assembly of the NOX complex, causing an increase in ROS generation, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and pyroptosis, and contributes to HHcy-induced AS.
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12
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Vasireddy A, Mehta AM, Acharya RV, Singh BMK, Madhyastha SP. Acute myocardial infarction in a young adult with hyperhomocysteinaemia secondary to tropical sprue. Trop Doct 2022; 52:581-582. [PMID: 35892168 DOI: 10.1177/00494755221116722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease and its complications remain the most common cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. In addition, its incidence among adults <45 years of age has also been steadily increasing in the past few decades. Besides the typical aetiology such as coronary artery abnormalities or autoimmune disorders, increasing rates can be attributed to escalating trends of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and illicit abuse of drugs such as cocaine and amphetamines in the younger population.1 Every cardiovascular event in a young adult must be thoroughly investigated as the aetiology is typically unconventional. Our case reports a young man who developed an acute inferior wall myocardial infarction (IWMI) in the setting of hyperhomocysteinaemia secondary to vitamin B12-folate deficiency itself due to tropical sprue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anila Vasireddy
- Internal Medicine, 29224Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ami Mehul Mehta
- Internal Medicine, 29224Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Raviraja V Acharya
- Internal Medicine, 29224Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Brij Mohan Kumar Singh
- Pathology, 29224Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharath P Madhyastha
- Internal Medicine, 29224Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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13
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Zhou L, Huang H, Wen X, Chen Y, Liao J, Chen F, Zhao L, Liu M, Tao J, Li G. Associations of Serum and Red Blood Cell Folate With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Among Hypertensive Patients With Elevated Homocysteine. Front Nutr 2022; 9:849561. [PMID: 35284465 PMCID: PMC8914259 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.849561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to explore the associations between serum and red blood cell (RBC) folate as indicators of short- and long-term folate status, respectively, and all-cause as well as CVD mortality among hypertensive patients with elevated homocysteine. Methods A prospective cohort study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2006) and 2015 Linked Mortality File was performed. All-cause and CVD mortality risk estimated using Cox proportional hazards models with adjusting for multiple potential covariates. Results A total of 1,753 hypertensive patients with elevated homocysteine [mean (SD) age, 68.5 (13.1)] were included in the analysis. During a median follow-up of 10.0 years, a total of 899 all-cause and 257 CVD deaths occurred. Compared the highest with the lowest quartile of RBC folate, the multivariable adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for all-cause and CVD death were 1.13 (0.92–1.39) and 1.47 (1.01–2.16) respectively. There was a significant and positive trend between RBC folate and the risk of CVD death (p for trend = 0.0196). No significant association was found between serum folate and mortality risk among the study sample. Conclusions High level of RBC folate is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality among hypertensive patients with elevated homocysteine while serum folate has no such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Long Zhou
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fuli Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjiang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianhong Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Gang Li
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14
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Liu C, Sun Z, Shali S, Mei Z, Chang S, Mo H, Xu L, Pu Y, Guan H, Chen GC, Qi Q, Quan Z, Qi J, Yao K, Dai Y, Zheng Y, Ge J. The gut microbiome and microbial metabolites in acute myocardial infarction. J Genet Genomics 2021; 49:569-578. [PMID: 34974193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has highlighted the role of the gut microbiome in human health. However, the integrative role of the gut microbiome and microbial metabolites in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains unclear. The current study profiled the microbial community through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing, and measured fecal short-chain fatty acids and circulating choline pathway metabolites among 117 new-onset AMI cases and 78 controls. Significant microbial alternations were observed in AMI patients compared with controls (P = 0.001). The abundances of nine species (e.g., Streptococcus salivarius, Klebsiella pneumoniae) were positively associated, and one species (Roseburia hominis) was inversely associated with AMI status and severity. A gut microbial score at disease onset was associated with the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in 3.2 years (hazard ratio [95% CI]: 2.01 [1.04-4.24]) in AMI patients. The molar proportions of fecal acetate and butyrate were higher, and the circulating levels of choline and carnitine were lower in AMI patients than in controls. In addition, disease classifiers showed that AMI cases and controls had a more distinct pattern in taxonomical composition than in pathways or metabolites. Our findings suggested that microbial composition and functional potentials were associated with AMI status and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhonghan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shalaimaiti Shali
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 1609 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhendong Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shufu Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 1609 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hanjun Mo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 1609 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 1609 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanni Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Huihui Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guo-Chong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Zhexue Quan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ji Qi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kang Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 1609 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuxiang Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 1609 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 1609 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 1609 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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15
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Zhang H, Wang Q, Deng M, Chen Y, Liu W, Huang J, Zhang Z. Association between homocysteine, C-reactive protein, lipid level, and sleep quality in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e28408. [PMID: 34941184 PMCID: PMC8701779 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the correlation between homocysteine (HCY), C-reactive protein (CRP), lipid levels, and sleep quality in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.We collected data from 217 patients (perimenopause and postmenopausal) who visited the gynecological endocrine outpatient department of our hospital between January 2017 and January 2019. The quality and patterns of sleep were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and relationships between HCY, CRP, lipid levels, and sleep quality were analyzed according to a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ≥ 8.There were significant differences in age, education level, and occupation among patients with different levels of sleep quality (P < .05). HCY, CRP, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein levels were significantly higher in patients with poor sleep quality than in those with good sleep quality (P < .05). Age, education level, occupation, HCY, CRP, and lipid levels (total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein) were all significant influencing factors for sleep quality in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women (all P < .05). After adjusting for age, education level, occupation, HCY, and CRP levels were all significant and independent risk factors for sleep quality in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women (all P < .05).Levels of HCY, CRP, and lipids were significantly correlated with sleep quality in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. HCY and CRP were identified as independent risk factors for sleep quality in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, thus providing theoretical support for the clinical improvement of sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianwen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Deng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yijie Chen
- The Fourth Clinical School of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhifen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Fourth Clinical School of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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16
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Shi Y, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Qin Q, Cong H, Guo Z. Homocysteine promotes cardiac fibrosis by regulating the Akt/FoxO3 pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1732. [PMID: 35071426 PMCID: PMC8743705 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-5602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Evaluated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) is an independent risk factor for cardiac fibrosis which is a common feature of cardiovascular disease, although the mechanisms are still unclear. This study aims to explore the mechanism of Hcy-induced cardiac fibrosis. Methods The mRNA and protein levels of Forkhead box O3 (FoxO3) and differentiation markers were detected in primary cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) after 300 µM Hcy treatment. Scratch and transwell migration assay were used to determine the effect of Hcy on proliferation and migration in CFs. The protein levels involved in the fibrotic processes in mice fed with high methionine diet (HMD) for 4 or 8 weeks were investigated by western blot. CFs were infected with FoxO3 recombinant adenovirus to explore the potential role of FoxO3 in Hcy-induced cardiac dysfunction. Results Hcy treatment significantly promoted the differentiation, proliferation and migration of CFs, while FoxO3 activity were decreased in CFs. In HMD hearts, the protein levels of TIMP1, Fibronectin and α-SMA were increased after 4 or 8 weeks, but the FoxO3 activity was decreased. Moreover, the HMD hearts had a higher level of Bcl2 but lower of Bax and LC3II protein. In addition, FoxO3 overexpression attenuates Hcy-induced dysfunction in CFs. Conclusions Hcy promotes myofibroblast activation and resistance to autophagy and apoptosis in CFs, and eventually results in cardiac fibrosis by regulating the Akt/FoxO3 pathway. Thus, FoxO3 is a promising therapeutic target to prevent cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- Tianjin Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Tianjin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Tianjin Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongliang Cong
- Tianjin Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Liu M, Zhang H, Wang G. Hyperhomocysteinemia Promotes Carotid Artery Damage in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients Without Hypercholesterolemia. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2021; 19:575-580. [PMID: 34669508 DOI: 10.1089/met.2021.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The relationship between serum homocysteine levels and carotid artery damage in subjects with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus remains unclear. The effect of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY) on carotid artery damage in patients with different cholesterol levels needs to be further investigated. Methods: In total 456 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes from Beijing Chaoyang Hospital were recruited into the study. Patients were divided into four groups according to the levels of serum homocysteine and cholesterol. Carotid artery damage was defined as thickened intima-media and/or plaque formation. Results: In all the subjects, 80.2% patients had HHCY. The incidence of carotid artery injury was significantly lower in diabetic patients with normal homocysteine levels and nonhypercholesterolemia. Spearman correlation analysis showed homocysteine was positively correlated with free fatty acid and negatively correlated with glucose metabolism parameters. Logistic regression showed HHCY was correlated with carotid artery injury after adjusting for traditional cerebrovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes without hypercholesterolemia (odds risk = 3.197, P = 0.022). Whereas HHCY was not associated with carotid artery injury in either total study population or hypercholesterolemia subgroup. Conclusions: HHCY was correlated with carotid artery damage in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects without hypercholesterolemia. How to improve the adverse vascular outcomes mediated by HHCY for diabetic patients needed further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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18
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Nutraceutical Combinations in Hypercholesterolemia: Evidence from Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093128. [PMID: 34579005 PMCID: PMC8470433 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing number of nutraceutical combinations (NCs) on the market for hypercholesterolemia, although clinical trials to verify their safety and efficacy are scarce. We selected fourteen randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials (RCTs) on different lipid-lowering NCs in hypercholesterolemic subjects. We described each compound's mechanism of action and efficacy in the mixtures and summarized the clinical trials settings and NCs safety and efficacy results. Almost all NCs resulted efficient against hypercholesterolemia; only one reported no changes. Interestingly, red yeast rice (RYR) was present in eleven mixtures. It is not clear whether the lipid-lowering efficacy of these combinations derives mainly from the RYR component monacolin K "natural statin" single effect. Up to now, few RCTs have verified the efficacy of every single compound vs. NCs to evaluate possible additive or synergistic effects, probably due to the complexity and the high resources request. In conclusion, to manage the arising nutraceutical tide against hypercholesterolemia, it could be helpful to increase the number and robustness of clinical studies to verify the efficacy and safety of the new NCs.
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Zhang X, Zhang J, Wu Y, Nan B, Huang Q, Du X, Tian M, Liu L, Xin Y, Li Y, Duan J, Chen R, Sun Z, Shen H. Dynamic recovery after acute single fine particulate matter exposure in male mice: Effect on lipid deregulation and cardiovascular alterations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125504. [PMID: 33652219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have linked airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure to cardiovascular diseases. We performed a time-series analysis to investigate whether the disruption of lipid metabolism recovered or lasted after acute PM2.5 exposure in mice. Targeted lipidomic analysis showed that four major plasma membrane phospholipids along with cholesterol esters (CE) were significantly altered on 7th post-exposure day (PED7), and the alteration reached a peak on PED14. On PED21, the phosphatidylcholine (PC) decrease was more marked than on PED14, and its resurgence was indirectly linked to triglyceride (TG) increase. Homocysteine (HCY), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α-HBDH) levels increased but glucose levels decreased markedly in a dose- and time-dependent manner throughout the experimental period. Network analysis showed that the lasting lipid deregulation on PED21 correlated to myocardial markers and glucose interruption, during which high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) decreased. The present data implied that the constructional membrane lipids were initially interrupted by PM2.5, and the subsequent rehabilitation resulted in the deregulation of storage lipids; the parallel myocardial and glucose effects may be enhanced by the lasting HDL-C lipid deregulation on PED21. These myocardial and lipidomic events were early indicators of cardiovascular risk, resulting from subsequent exposure to and accumulation of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Bingru Nan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Qingyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Meiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Liangpo Liu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Yuntian Xin
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Heqing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China.
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Morris G, Berk M, Walder K, O'Neil A, Maes M, Puri BK. The lipid paradox in neuroprogressive disorders: Causes and consequences. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:35-57. [PMID: 34118292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic systemic inflammation is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in an environment of low low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and low total cholesterol and with the pathophysiology of neuroprogressive disorders. The causes and consequences of this lipid paradox are explored. Circulating activated neutrophils can release inflammatory molecules such as myeloperoxidase and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Since activated neutrophils are associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease and with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, it seems reasonable to hypothesise that the inflammatory molecules released by them may act as mediators of the link between systemic inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis in neuroprogressive disorders. This hypothesis is tested by considering the association at a molecular level of systemic inflammation with increased LDL oxidation; increased small dense LDL levels; increased lipoprotein (a) concentration; secretory phospholipase A2 activation; cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation; increased platelet activation; decreased apolipoprotein A1 levels and function; decreased paroxonase-1 activity; hyperhomocysteinaemia; and metabolic endotoxaemia. These molecular mechanisms suggest potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Zhou L, Wen X, Peng Y, Guo M, Zhao L. Red blood cell folate and severe abdominal aortic calcification: Results from the NHANES 2013-2014. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:186-192. [PMID: 32988723 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) has been introduced as a good predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, but no previous study has investigated the relationship between folate levels and AAC. The present study aims to explore the relationship between red blood cell (RBC) folate, a better indicator reflecting long-term folate intake, and severe AAC in the United States (US) middle-aged and elderly population. METHODS AND RESULTS Cross-sectional data were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014 of 2818 men and women aged 40 years or older. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for severe AAC of each RBC folate quintile category. The restricted cubic spline model was used for the dose-response analysis. A U-shaped dose-response relation between RBC folate and the odds of severe AAC was found after adjustment for multiple potential confounding factors, p for nonlinear = 0.0032. With the third quintile category of RBC folate as the reference, multivariable-adjusted ORs and 95% CIs of the lowest, second, fourth, and the highest quintile categories were 2.34 (1.37-4.00), 1.24 (0.70-2.19), 1.58 (0.92-2.70), and 2.26 (1.35-3.76), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with either low or high levels of RBC folate were at increased risks of severe AAC in a representative sample of US adults. While folate deficiency is widely recognized as harmful, these results highlight the need to investigate the potential adverse health outcomes of high folate level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhou
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Wen
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yaguang Peng
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children Health, Beijing, China
| | - Min Guo
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Sultana R, Choudhury SS, Bose S, Tiwari D, Bharali A, Kakoty SD. Increased homocysteine expression associated with genetic changes in the folate pathway as a key determinant of preeclampsia: A prospective study from lower Assam, India. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of plasma homocysteine occur almost uniformly in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis and a common cause of ESRD in young adults. Here, we aimed to detect whether homocysteine was elevated and associated with clinical-pathologic manifestations of IgAN patients and tested its causal effects using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. METHODS For observational analysis, 108 IgAN patients, 30 lupus nephritis (LN) patients, 50 minimal change disease (MCD) patients, and 206 healthy controls were recruited from April 2014 to April 2015. Their plasma homocysteine was measured and clinical-pathologic manifestations were collected from medical records. For MR analysis, we further included 1686 IgAN patients. The missense variant methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T (rs1801133) was selected as an instrument, which was genotyped by TaqMan allele discrimination assays. RESULTS Majority of IgAN patients (93.52%, 101/108) showed elevated levels of plasma homocysteine (>10 μmol/L). Plasma homocysteine in IgAN patients was significantly higher than that in MCD patients (median: 18.32 vs. 11.15 μmol/L, Z = -5.29, P < 0.01) and in healthy controls (median: 18.32 vs. 10.00 μmol/L, Z = -8.76, P < 0.01), but comparable with those in LN patients (median: 18.32 L vs. 14.50 μmol/L, Z = -1.32, P = 0.19). Significant differences were observed in sub-groups of IgAN patients according to quartiles of plasma homocysteine for male ratio (22.22% vs. 51.85% vs. 70.37% vs. 70.37%, χ = 14.29, P < 0.01), serum creatinine (median: 77.00 vs. 100.00 vs. 129.00 vs. 150.00 μmol/L, χ = 34.06, P < 0.01), estimated glomerular filtration rate (median: 100.52 vs. 74.23 vs. 52.68 vs. 42.67 mL·min·1.73 m, χ = 21.75, P < 0.01), systolic blood pressure (median: 120.00 vs. 120.00 vs. 125.00 vs. 130.00 mmHg, χ = 2.97, P = 0.05), diastolic blood pressure (median 80.00 vs. 75.00 vs. 80.00 vs. 81.00 mmHg, χ = 11.47, P < 0.01), and pathologic tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis (T) (T0/T1/T2: 62.96%/33.33%/3.70% vs. 29.63%/40.74%/29.63% vs. 24.00%/48.00%/28.00% vs. 14.81%/37.04%/48.15%, χ = 17.66, P < 0.01). The coefficient of each rs1801133-T allele on homocysteine levels after controlling age and sex was 7.12 (P < 0.01). MR estimates showed causal positive effects of homocysteine on serum creatine (β = 0.76, P = 0.02), systolic blood pressure (β = 0.26, P = 0.02), diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.20, P = 0.01), and pathologic T lesion (β = 0.01, P = 0.01) in IgAN. CONCLUSIONS By observational and MR analyses, consistent results were observed for associations of plasma homocysteine with serum creatinine, blood pressures, and pathologic T lesion in IgAN patients.
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Zhang N, Zhang L, Wang Q, Zhao J, Liu J, Wang G. Cerebrovascular risk factors associated with ischemic stroke in a young non-diabetic and non-hypertensive population: a retrospective case-control study. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:424. [PMID: 33225904 PMCID: PMC7681954 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-02005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, rates of ischemic stroke (IS) have been rising among young adults. This study was designed to identify risk factors associated with IS incidence in young adults unaffected by hypertension or diabetes. Methods This was a retrospective case-control study of early-onset IS patients without diabetes and hypertension. Control patients were matched with healthy individuals based upon sex, age (±2 years), and BMI (±3 kg/m2) at a 1:3 ratio. Sociodemographic, clinical, and risk factor-related data pertaining to these patients was collected. The association between these risk factors and IS incidence was then assessed using conditional logistic regression models. Results We recruited 60 IS patients and 180 controls with mean ages of 44.37 ± 4.68 and 44.31 ± 4.71 years, respectively, for this study. Relative to controls, IS patients had significantly higher total cholesterol (TG), homocysteine (HCY), white blood cell (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels, and significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride cholesterol (TC), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) levels (all P < 0.05). After controlling for potential confounding factors, HCY and ANC were found to be significantly positively associated with IS incidence (OR 1.518, 95%CI 1.165–1.977, P = 0.002 and OR 2.418, 95%CI 1.061–5.511, P = 0.036, respectively), whereas HDL-C and FT3 levels were negatively correlated with IS incidence (OR 0.001, 95%CI 0.000–0.083, P = 0.003 and OR 0.053, 95%CI 0.008–0.326, P = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions In young non-diabetic and non-hypertensive patients, lower HDL-C and FT3 levels and higher HCY and ANC levels may be associated with an elevated risk of IS. Additional prospective studies of large patient cohorts will be essential to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jingwei Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Malaguarnera G, Catania VE, Latteri S, Borzì AM, Bertino G, Madeddu R, Drago F, Malaguarnera M. Folate levels in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with portal vein thrombosis. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:375. [PMID: 33172390 PMCID: PMC7653717 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) occurs frequently in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is often diagnosed in the course of a routine patient evaluation and surveillance for liver cancer. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between folate status and portal vein thrombosis. METHODS HCC with PVT patients were 78, HCC without PVT were 60 and control subjects were 70 randomly selected. We evaluate serum and red blood cellular folate, homocysteine, alpha fetal protein cholesterol, triglycerides, prothrombin time. RESULTS HCC patients with PVT showed lower levels of serum folate, respect HCC patients without PVT, with an average difference of 1.6 nmol/l p < 0.01 (95% CI - 2.54 to - 0.66), red cell folate 33.6 nmol/l p < 0.001 (95% CI - 43.64 to - 23.55) and albumin 0.29 g/dl p < 0.001 (95% CI - 0.42 to - 0.15); PVT patients displayed higher levels of bilirubin 0.53 mg/dl p < 0.001 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.78), INR 0.91 p < 0.001 (95% CI 0.72 to 1.09), γGT 7.9 IU/l (95% CI 4.14 to 11.65) and homocysteine 4.6 μmol/l p < 0.05 (95% CI 0.32 to 8.87) CONCLUSION: The low folate concentration and higher levels of homocysteine are associated with the loss of antithrombotic function, and with a more aggressive course of HCC and with a higher change of complications related to portal vein thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Malaguarnera
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Vito Emanuele Catania
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Saverio Latteri
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Maria Borzì
- Research Centre "The Great Senescence", University of Catania, 95120, Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Bertino
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico "G. Rodolico", Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Madeddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Malaguarnera
- Research Centre "The Great Senescence", University of Catania, 95120, Catania, Italy
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Stabler SP. Alterations in Sulfur Amino Acids as Biomarkers of Disease. J Nutr 2020; 150:2532S-2537S. [PMID: 33000156 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is methylated by methionine synthase to form methionine with methyl-cobalamin as a cofactor. The reaction demethylates 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate, which is required for DNA and RNA synthesis. Deficiency of either of the cobalamin (Cbl) and/or folate cofactors results in elevated Hcy and megaloblastic anemia. Elevated Hcy is a sensitive biomarker of Cbl and/or folate status and more specific than serum vitamin assays. Elevated Hcy normalizes when the correct vitamin is given. Elevated Hcy is associated with alcohol use disorder and drugs that target folate or Cbl metabolism, and is a risk factor for thrombotic vascular disease. Elevated methionine and cystathionine are associated with liver disease. Elevated Hcy, cystathionine, and cysteine, but not methionine, are common in patients with chronic renal failure. Higher cysteine predicts obesity and future weight gain. Serum S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) is elevated in Cbl deficiency and chronic renal failure. Drugs that require methylation for catabolism may deplete liver S-adenosylmethionine and raise AdoHcy and Hcy. Deficiency of Cbl or folate or perturbations of their metabolism cause major changes in sulfur amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally P Stabler
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA
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Niu X, Chen J, Wang J, Li J, Zeng D, Wang S, Hong X. A Cross-sectional Study on the Relationship Between Homocysteine and Lipid Profiles Among Chinese Population from Hunan. Lipids 2020; 56:93-100. [PMID: 32954499 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have explored the relationship between homocystein (Hcy) and lipid profiles. However, the results from these studies have been inconsistent. The current study investigated the correlation between Hcy and lipid profiles in Chinese community-based population. The participants were composed of 4012 Chinese people aged 30-92 years old, who were recruited from rural and urban communities in the Hunan Province. Non-parametric test and logistic regression were used to examine the distribution of Hcy and lipid profiles (triglyceride [TG], total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]) and the relationship between them. The median age of subjects was 54.50 years old, and 40.98% were male. Median Hcy was 13.20 μmol/L, and 35.39% had hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). Median TG was 1.51 mmol/L, TC was 4.77 mmol/L, LDL-C was 2.62 mmol/L, and HDL-C was 1.27 mmol/L. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, HHcy was associated with high levels of TG (ORmale = 2.240, p < 0.001; ORfemale = 2.539, p < 0.001), TC (ORmale = 2.237, p < 0.001; ORfemale = 2.202, p < 0.001), and LDL-C (ORmale = 1.413, p = 0.010; ORfemale = 1.617, p < 0.001) in the different sexes population and low level of HDL-C in females (OR = 1.326, p = 0.023) after adjusting for confounders. HHcy was independently associated with an increasing risk of low HDL-C among females. The regression analysis showed that HHcy was also associated with hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and high level of LDL-C in males and females from Chinese community-based population, which provides a basis for the treatment and prevention of abnormal lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Niu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Zeng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Shuling Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xiuqin Hong
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Cheng H, Cheng Q, Bao X, Luo Y, Zhou Y, Li Y, Hua Q, Liu W, Tang S, Feng D, Luo Z. Over-activation of NMDA receptors promotes ABCA1 degradation and foam cell formation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158778. [PMID: 32745694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is an essential regulator of intracellular cholesterol efflux. Secreted cholesterol binds to lipid-free apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) in peripheral blood to constitute high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) complexes. ABCA1 protein on the surface of macrophages acts as a crucial controller in preventing cholesterol accumulation. Importantly, ABCA1 is unstable and easily degraded via a series of biochemical activities, including but not limited to calpain-mediated and ubiquitin-proteasome system-mediated processes. How accelerated ABCA1 degradation impacts disordered lipid metabolism in macrophages and foam cell formation is unclear. N-methyl d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are ionotropic glutamate receptors with high calcium permeability. Calcium influx via NMDARs activates downstream signaling pathways. Over-activation of NMDARs stimulated by NMDA contributes to dysfunctional lipid metabolism in macrophages and foam cell formation via promotion of calpain-mediated ABCA1 proteolysis. However, increased NMDAR activity does not affect liver X receptor expression or ABCA1 mRNA levels. Following NMDA receptor silencing or calpain inhibition, NMDA treatment did not reduce ABCA1 protein levels, nor caused lipid accumulation in macrophages. In addition, NMDAR over-activation activates NF-κB signaling to promote IL-1β and IL-6 macrophage marker expression. However, NMDAR silencing and calpain inhibition reduce inflammatory macrophage responses. In summary, our study suggests that NMDAR activation reduces surface ABCA1 protein, promotes lipid accumulation, and induces the production and secretion of many inflammatory mediators in macrophages, possibly through enhanced calpain-mediated ABCA1 protein degradation. Thus, the NMDAR receptor may be a novel pharmacologic target for atherosclerosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qingmei Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xingwen Bao
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongyu Luo
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanghang Li
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qingzhong Hua
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siyuan Tang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dandan Feng
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Ziqiang Luo
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Folate deficiency promotes differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells without affecting the methylation status of regulated genes. Biochem J 2020; 476:2769-2795. [PMID: 31530711 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Elevated serum homocysteine, an intermediate of cellular one-carbon metabolism, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Folate deficiency increases serum homocysteine and may contribute to CVD progression. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) regulate vascular contractility, but also contribute to repair processes in response to vascular injury. Nutritional deficiencies, like folate deficiency, are thought to impact on this phenotypic plasticity, possibly by epigenetic mechanisms. We have investigated the effect of folate deficiency on VSMCs in two cell culture systems representing early and late stages of smooth muscle cells differentiation. We find that folate deficiency promotes differentiation towards a more contractile phenotype as indicated by increased expression of respective marker genes. However, microarray analysis identified markers of striated muscle as the predominant gene expression change elicited by folate deficiency. These changes are not merely a reflection of cell cycle arrest, as foetal calf serum restriction or iron deficiency do not replicate the gene expression changes observed in response to folate deficiency. Folate deficiency only has a marginal effect on global DNA methylation. DNA methylation of CpG islands associated with genes regulated by folate deficiency remains unaffected. This supports our earlier findings in a mouse model system which also did not show any changes in global DNA methylation in response to folate and vitamin B6/B12 deficiency. These data suggest that folate deficiency enhances the expression of smooth muscle marker gene expression, promotes a shift towards a skeletal muscle phenotype, and does not regulate gene expression via DNA methylation.
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Cross-Sectional Relationship between Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity and Biomarkers in Vascular-Related Diseases. Int J Hypertens 2020; 2020:6578731. [PMID: 32537254 PMCID: PMC7267861 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6578731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The present study was done to investigate the relationship between carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CFPWV) and biomarkers such as homocysteine (Hcy), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and urine albumin (microalbumin) (UAE) in vascular-related diseases. Methods 656 subjects were enrolled into our study. There were 377 patients with hypertension, 231 with coronary heart disease, 154 with diabetes mellitus, and 186 healthy subjects. They were divided into four groups according to the number of suffered diseases: group 1 had only one of three diseases, group 2 had two, and group 3 had all of three diseases. CFPWV was measured by Complior apparatus. Results CFPWV was significantly higher in group 3 than in the healthy group, group 1, and group 2 (12.71 ± 2.38 vs 10.11 ± 2.28, 10.70 ± 2.12, and 11.92 ± 2.55, all p < 0.05). The level of Hcy was significantly higher in group1, group 2, and group 3 than in healthy subjects, respectively. Levels of Log NT-proBNP and Log UAE were significantly higher in group 3 than in group 1 (2.27 ± 0.4 vs 2.10 ± 0.4, 1.00 ± 0.65 vs 0.68 ± 0.56, both p < 0.05). Positive correlation between CFWV and Hcy, Log UAE, and Log NT-proBNP was found in the entire study group (r = 0.109, 0.196, and 0.119, all p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that pulse pressure, age, fasting plasma glucose, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, and Log UAE were independent associating factors of CFPWV in all subjects (β = 0.334, p < 0.001; β = 0.333, p < 0.001; β = 0.126, p=0.004; β = 0.137, p=0.003; β = −0.142, p=0.002; and β = 0.098, p=0.031). Conclusions CFPWV was significantly higher in subjects with hypertension, CHD, and DM. There was correlation between CFPWV and biomarkers such as NT-proBNP, Hcy, and urine albumin (microalbumin).
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Hou Y, Yun L, Zhang L, Lin J, Xu R. A risk factor-based predictive model for new-onset hypertension during pregnancy in Chinese Han women. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:155. [PMID: 32245416 PMCID: PMC7119175 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01428-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is one of the leading causes of maternal and neonatal mortality, increasing the long-term incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Preeclampsia and gestational hypertension are the major components of HDP. The aim of our study is to establish a prediction model for pregnant women with new-onset hypertension during pregnancy (increased blood pressure after gestational age > 20 weeks), thus to guide the clinical prediction and treatment of de novo hypertension. METHODS A total of 117 pregnant women with de novo hypertension who were admitted to our hospital's obstetrics department were selected as the case group and 199 healthy pregnant women were selected as the control group from January 2017 to June 2018. Maternal clinical parameters such as age, family history and the biomarkers such as homocysteine, cystatin C, uric acid, total bile acid and glomerular filtration rate were collected at a mean gestational age in 16 to 20 weeks. The prediction model was established by logistic regression. RESULTS Eleven indicators have statistically significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). These 11 factors were substituted into the logistic regression equation and 7 independent predictors were obtained. The equation expressed including 7 factors. The calculated area under the curve was 0.884(95% confidence interval: 0.848-0.921), the sensitivity and specificity were 88.0 and 75.0%. A scoring system was established to classify pregnant women with scores ≤15.5 as low-risk pregnancy group and those with scores > 15.5 as high-risk pregnancy group. CONCLUSIONS Our regression equation provides a feasible and reliable means of predicting de novo hypertension after pregnancy. Risk stratification of new-onset hypertension was performed to early treatment interventions in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yun
- Department of Medicine, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, 250001, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, 250001, P.R. China
| | - Jingru Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, 250031, P.R. China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, P.R. China. .,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, P.R. China.
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Coronary plaque tissue characterization in patients with premature coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 36:1003-1011. [PMID: 32078097 PMCID: PMC7228958 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-020-01794-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Premature coronary artery disease (CAD) studies rarely involve coronary plaque characterization. We characterize coronary plaque tissue by radiofrequency intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in patients with premature CAD. From July 2015 to December 2017, 220 patients from the Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine with first occurrence of angina or myocardial infarction within 3 months were enrolled. Patients with premature CAD (n = 47, males aged < 55 years, and females aged < 65 years) or later CAD (n = 155) were retrospectively compared for cardiovascular risk factors, laboratory examination findings, coronary angiography data, gray-scale IVUS, and iMap-IVUS. The mean age was 53.53 ± 7.24 vs. 70.48 ± 8.74 years (p < 0.001). The groups were similar for traditional coronary risk factors except homocysteine (18.60 ± 5.15 vs. 17.08 ± 4.27 µmol/L, p = 0.043). After matching for baseline characteristics, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) was higher for premature CAD than later CAD (2.50 ± 0.96 vs. 2.17 ± 0.80 mmol/L, p = 0.019). Before the matching procedure, the premature CAD group had shorter target lesion length [18.50 (12.60–32.00) vs. 27.90 (18.70–37.40) mm, p = 0.002], less plaque volume [175.59 (96.60–240.50) vs. 214.73 (139.74–330.00) mm3, p = 0.013] than the later CAD group. After the matching procedure, the premature CAD group appeared to be less plaque burden (72.69 ± 9.99 vs. 74.85 ± 9.80%, p = 0.005), and positive remodeling (1.03 ± 0.12 vs. 0.94 ± 0.18, p = 0.034), and lower high risk feature incidence (p = 0.006) than the later CAD group. At the plaque’s minimum lumen, premature CAD had more fibrotic (p < 0.001), less necrotic (p = 0.001) and less calcified areas (p = 0.012). Coronary plaque tissue was more fibrotic with less necrotic and calcified components in premature than in later CAD, and the range and degree of atherosclerosis were significantly lower.
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H-Type Hypertension Is a Risk Factor for Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6498903. [PMID: 32090105 PMCID: PMC7029257 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6498903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background The correlation between H-type hypertension and cerebral small-vessel diseases (CSVD) remains uncertain. Objective The present study was designed to explore the possible relationship between H-type hypertension and CSVD spectrum and total burden. Method We included 329 patients in the present study and divided them into four groups: the H-type hypertension group, isolated hypertension group, isolated hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) group, and control group. Clinical variables of interest and the MR examination sequences were obtained. We counted the presence of each CSVD feature and rated the total burden of CSVD on an ordinal scale from 0 to 4 according to a recent described score rule. Result The results showed that H-type hypertension was associated with the presence of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), and the severity of white-matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and peripheral vascular space (PVS). CSVD total burden was significantly related to age (OR: 1.059, 95% CI: 1.037–1.082), systolic pressure (OR: 1.122, 95% CI: 1.007–1.136), triglycerides (OR: 1.386, 95% CI: 1.037–1.854), isolated HHcy (OR: 4.154, 95% CI 1.836–9.401), and H-type hypertension (OR: 5.028, 95% CI: 2.323–10.883). Also, we further observed hypertension and HHcy had a synergistic effect on CSVD total burden (OR: 2.776, 95% CI: 1.564–4.927). Conclusion H-type hypertension was associated with CSVD total burden and CSVD spectrum, which deserves further prevention measures. Furthermore, hypertension and HHcy had a synergistic effect on CSVD total burden.
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Wyse ATS, Sanches EF, Dos Santos TM, Siebert C, Kolling J, Netto CA. Chronic mild hyperhomocysteinemia induces anxiety-like symptoms, aversive memory deficits and hippocampus atrophy in adult rats: New insights into physiopathological mechanisms. Brain Res 2019; 1728:146592. [PMID: 31816318 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, increased homocysteine levels have been implicated as a risk factor for neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. We have developed an experimental model of chronic mild hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in order to observe metabolic impairments in the brain of adult rodents. Besides its known effects on brain metabolism, the present study sought to investigate whether chronic mild HHcy could induce learning/memory impairments associated with biochemical and histological damage to the hippocampus. Adult male Wistar rats received daily subcutaneous injections of homocysteine (0.03 μmol/g of body weight) twice a day, from the 30th to the 60th day of life or saline solution (Controls). After injections, anxiety-like and memory tests were performed. Following behavioral analyses, brains were sliced and hippocampal volumes assessed and homogenized for redox state assessment, antioxidant activity, mitochondrial functioning (chain respiratory enzymes and ATP levels) and DNA damage analyses. Behavioral analyses showed that chronic mild HHcy may induce anxiety-like behavior and impair long-term aversive memory (24 h) that was evaluated by inhibitory avoidance task. Mild HHcy decreased locomotor and/or exploratory activities in elevated plus maze test and caused hippocampal atrophy. Decrease in cytochrome c oxidase, DNA damage and redox state changes were also observed in hippocampus of adult rats subjected to mild HHcy. Our findings show that chronic mild HHcy alters biochemical and histological parameters in the hippocampus, leading to behavioral impairments. These findings might be considered in future studies aiming to search for alternative strategies for treating the behavioral impairments in patients with mild elevations in homocysteine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T S Wyse
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - E F Sanches
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - T M Dos Santos
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - C Siebert
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - J Kolling
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - C A Netto
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Rajab M, Jumaa M, Horaniah MY, Barakat A, Bakleh S, Zarzour W. Correlations of C-Reactive Protein and Folate with Smoking, Sport, Hematological Inflammation Biomarkers and Anthropometrics in Syrian University Female Students Cross-Sectional Study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15189. [PMID: 31645641 PMCID: PMC6811634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In Syria, high-Sensitive C-Reactive (hsCRP), folate, and, other health risk data in young women are limited. This cross-sectional study evaluates hsCRP and folate levels along with anthropometric characteristics, lifestyle factors and some biomarkers linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in healthy female students (n = 207, 18-25 years old). Among participants, hsCRP level was at average or high risk of CVD in 20.7% and 2.5% respectively and it was significantly higher in participants who had high body mass index (BMI) (Nonparametric statistical tests, p value < 0.05). Unexpectedly, it did not vary significantly between smokers and nonsmokers. And, it correlated positively with anthropometric and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) measurements. While folate level was low in 3.4% of participants, no association between hsCRP and folate levels was found. Finally, low hemoglobin level and habit of waterpipe smoking are spreading; and, sport practicing is shrinking. After reviewing similar works, this study suggests that the possible correlation between hsCRP and folate could be displayed in patients older than 30 years. Also, the marked decrease in hemoglobin level needs more attention. Finally, young females in Syria are advised to consider a lifestyle free of smoking and packed with physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Rajab
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab International University, Damascus, Syria.
| | - Mohamad Jumaa
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab International University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Muhammad Yusr Horaniah
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab International University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ahmad Barakat
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab International University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Saied Bakleh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab International University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Wafika Zarzour
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab International University, Damascus, Syria
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Erten Bucaktepe PG, Çelepkolu T, Aslan İ, Tanrıverdi M, Yılmaz A, Aslanhan H, Kars V. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OBESITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN. KONURALP TIP DERGISI 2019. [DOI: 10.18521/ktd.514048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Study of myocardial redox state in clinical practice: pitfalls and controversies. Hellenic J Cardiol 2019; 60:372-374. [PMID: 31047998 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Li S, Qiu B, Lu H, Lai Y, Liu J, Luo J, Zhu F, Hu Z, Zhou M, Tian J, Zhou Z, Yu S, Yi F, Nie J. Hyperhomocysteinemia Accelerates Acute Kidney Injury to Chronic Kidney Disease Progression by Downregulating Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1635-1650. [PMID: 30084650 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The risk factors promoting acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression remain largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy) accelerates the development of renal fibrosis after AKI. RESULTS Hhcy aggravated ischemia-reperfusion-induced AKI and the subsequent development of renal fibrotic lesions characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition. Mechanistically, the RNA binding protein human antigen R (HuR) bound to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) messenger RNA (mRNA). Homocysteine (Hcy) downregulated HuR expression, reduced the binding of HuR to the 3'-UTR of HO-1, and thereafter decreased HO-1 expression. Administration of the HO-1 inducer cobalt protoporphyrin-IX significantly hindered Hhcy-augmented reactive oxygen species production and renal fibrotic lesions. Innovation and Conclusion: These data indicate that Hhcy might be a novel risk factor that promotes AKI to CKD progression. Lowering Hcy level or HO-1 induction might be a potential therapeutic strategy to improve the outcome of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingbing Qiu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Lu
- 2 Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunshi Lai
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jixing Liu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Luo
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxin Zhu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhou
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Tian
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanmei Zhou
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shouyi Yu
- 2 Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yi
- 3 Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Nie
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Zulfania, Khan A, Rehman S, Ghaffar T. Association of homocysteine with body mass index, blood pressure, HbA1c and duration of diabetes in type 2 diabetics. Pak J Med Sci 2018; 34:1483-1487. [PMID: 30559808 PMCID: PMC6290216 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.346.16032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the Homocysteine levels in type 2 diabetics and correlate homocysteine with HbA1c levels, BMI, blood pressure and duration of diabetes. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Endocrinology Unit of Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC) Peshawar and Rehman Medical Institute (RMI) Peshawar over a period of six months from July 2015 to December 2015. Data was recorded and analyzed in SPSS v 20. P value of less than 0.05 was taken as significant. Bivariate Pearson's correlation test was used to see the relationship between homocysteine and BMI, systolic BP and duration of diabetes. Results One hundred twenty five patients were included in our study in which female were 68% and 32% were male with mean age of 51.45 ±8.37 years. Mean BMI expressed in kg/m2 was 28.71±4.76, mean systolic blood pressure was 130±20.98 mmHg, mean diastolic blood pressure was 83.36±11.28 mmHg and mean duration of diabetes was 7.018± 6.18 years. Significant correlation was found between systolic blood pressure (r: 0.239, p: 0.007) and duration of diabetes with homocysteine (r: 0.302, p: 0.001). The correlation of homocysteine with HbA1c and BMI was not significant. Conclusion Systolic blood pressure and duration of diabetes showed a significant positive correlation with homocysteine. The correlation of homocysteine with HbA1c was not certain from researcher's point of view and further studies of larger sample size and longer duration must be conducted to ascertain the association between the two variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfania
- Dr. Zulfania, M.Phil. Department of Physiology, Rehman Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khan
- Dr. Adnan Khan, MBBS. Postgraduate Resident (PGR 1) Paediatrics, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sohaib Rehman
- Dr. Sohaib Rehman, MPhil. Department of Biochemistry, Rehman Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Ghaffar
- Tahir Ghaffar, FCPS. Department of Endocrinology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Karadeniz M, Sarak T, Duran M, Alp C, Kandemir H, Etem Celik İ, Simsek V, Kılıc A. Hyperhomocysteinemia Predicts the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease as Determined by the SYNTAX Score in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2018; 34:458-463. [PMID: 30449985 DOI: 10.6515/acs.201811_34(6).20180528b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Hyperhomocysteinemia is a known risk factor for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and is related with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). Previous studies have used less quantifiable scoring systems for assessing the severity of CAD. Therefore, we aimed to assess the relationship between homocysteine levels and SYNTAX score (SXscore), which is currently more widely used to grade the severity of CAD. Methods A total of 503 patients with adiagnosis of ACS were examined angiographically with SXscore. The patients were divided into three groups according to SXscore; Group 1 a low SXscore (≤ 22), Group 2 a moderate SXscore (23-32), and Group 3 a high SXscore (≥ 33). Results Plasma homocysteine levels were 16.3 ± 6.2 nmol/mL in Group 1, 18.1 ± 9.6 nmol/mL in Group 2, and 19.9 ± 9.5 nmol/mL in Group 3. Homocysteine levels were significantly higher in Group 2, and Group 3 compared to Group 1 (p = 0.023 and 0.007, respectively). In the correlation analysis, homocysteine levels were correlated with SXscore (r: 0.166, p < 0.01). Conclusions Serum homocysteine levels on admission were associated with an increased severity of CAD in the patients with ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Karadeniz
- Department of Cardiology, Kırıkkale University, Yahşihan 71450, Kırıkkale
| | - Taner Sarak
- Department of Cardiology, Kırıkkale University, Yahşihan 71450, Kırıkkale
| | - Mustafa Duran
- Department of Cardiology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Altındag 06230, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Caglar Alp
- Department of Cardiology, Kırıkkale University, Yahşihan 71450, Kırıkkale
| | - Huseyin Kandemir
- Department of Cardiology, Kırıkkale University, Yahşihan 71450, Kırıkkale
| | - İbrahim Etem Celik
- Department of Cardiology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Altındag 06230, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vedat Simsek
- Department of Cardiology, Kırıkkale University, Yahşihan 71450, Kırıkkale
| | - Alparslan Kılıc
- Department of Cardiology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Altındag 06230, Ankara, Turkey
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Meng Y, Li J, Chen X, She H, Zhao L, Peng Y, Zhang J, Shang K, Li H, Yang W, Zhang Y, Gu X, Li J, Qin X, Wang B, Xu X, Hou F, Tang G, Liao R, Yang L, Huo Y. Association Between Folic Acid Supplementation and Retinal Atherosclerosis in Chinese Adults With Hypertension Complicated by Diabetes Mellitus. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1159. [PMID: 30425639 PMCID: PMC6218923 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This cross-section investigation included 2,199 participants with hypertension complicated by diabetes mellitus, a cohort of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial in which 20,702 patients with essential hypertension were given enalapril with folic acid or enalapril-only double-blind treatment for 5 years. This study aimed to explore the correlation between folic acid supplementation and retinal atherosclerosis (RA) in adults with hypertension complicated by diabetes mellitus. Methods: The diagnosis of RA was determined by non-mydriatic fundus photography and classified by the Keith-Wagener-Barker system. The statistical correlation of folic acid supplementation with RA prevalence and severity was assessed. Results: Of our cohort, 1,698 (77.6%) participants were diagnosed with RA, and the prevalence in males and females was 78.0 and 75.6%, respectively. Participants in the enalapril group had higher total homocysteine (tHcy) levels than those in enalapril–folic acid group. Compared with the enalapril group in the tHcy > 15 μmol/L group of females, the odds ratio for the enalapril–folic acid group was 0.28 (95% confidence interval, 0.11–0.67, P = 0.0061). Conclusions: The prevalence of RA was high (77.6%) in our cohort of adults with hypertension complicated by diabetes mellitus. Folic acid supplementation was significantly associated with reduced risk of RA in females with hyperhomocysteinemia. No significant association were seen in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Meng
- Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haicheng She
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Shang
- Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenbin Yang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yadi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xianhui Qin
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binyan Wang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiping Xu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanfan Hou
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Genfu Tang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rongfeng Liao
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Huo
- Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Hyperhomocysteinemia Causes Chorioretinal Angiogenesis with Placental Growth Factor Upregulation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15755. [PMID: 30361676 PMCID: PMC6202361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, which may also be associated with retinal vascular disease, diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, and glaucoma. For this study, we established a hyperhomocysteinemia animal model to explore homocysteine (hcy)-related choroidal angiogenesis and possible related factors. We injected Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with different concentrations of hcy and performed color fundus imaging, fluorescein angiography, image-guided optical coherence tomography, and retinal histology to observe the retinal and choroidal changes. Subsequently, we observed prominent choroidal vasculature with congested and tortuous retinal and choroidal vessels in fundus angiographies of the hyperhomocysteinemia animal model. In the histological study, the choroidal capillaries proliferated in the hcy-treated eyes, mimicking choroidal neovascularization. Disrupted retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), abnormal branching vascular network (BVN), and polyp-like structures were also observed in the hcy-treated eyes. Furthermore, we found that placental growth factor (PlGF), but not vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF), was the key mediating factor of this phenomenon. Our findings suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia might cause choroidal angiogenesis.
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[ST elevation myocardial infarction in young adults: Is there an interest for thrombophilia screening?]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2018; 68:98-106. [PMID: 30342830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary lesions characteristics as well as patient thrombogenicity can explain coronary events manifestation. In young patient, local conditions are usually less important and thrombogenicity could play a significant role. Assessing thrombophilia could be justified in young patients and may induce an adapted therapeutic management. PURPOSE We aimed to assess the prevalence of thrombophilia and therapeutic modification in young adults aged≤55 years admitted in our department for ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS From January 2013 to January 2017, data on all patients aged≤55 years with STEMI admitted in emergency were retrospectively retrieved from our database. Thrombophilia investigation was made regarding clinical (with or without cardiovascular risk factors [CVRF]), biological and/or angiographic evaluation. RESULTS A total of 133 patients aged≤55 years with STEMI were included. Cardiac arrest occurred in 15 patients (11%). One or less CVRF were found in 47 patients (35%). Smoking was reported in 93 patients (70%) and drug addiction (cannabis, cocaine) in 19 patients (14%). A subset of 51 patients (38%) were screened for thrombophilia. Patients with thrombophilia assessment were younger, less active smokers and presented less CVRF than patients without investigation (P<0.001). Single vessel diseased was found in 88 patients (66%). No differences regarding coronary procedural characteristic were found between the two groups. The most frequently encountered aetiology, found in 122 patients (92%), was de novo intra-arterial thrombosis related to atherosclerosis. In patients with thrombophilia assessment (n=51), one or more abnormal biological results was found in 22 patients (43%) and a therapeutic adjustment was made in 6 patients (12%). CONCLUSION Thrombophilia screening in young STEMI adults showed an abnormality in 43% of cases. Antithrombotic treatment can be modified after its demonstration.
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Rzepka Z, Respondek M, Rok J, Beberok A, Ó Proinsias K, Gryko D, Wrześniok D. Vitamin B 12 Deficiency Induces Imbalance in Melanocytes Homeostasis-A Cellular Basis of Hypocobalaminemia Pigmentary Manifestations. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092845. [PMID: 30235895 PMCID: PMC6163934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 deficiency causes significant changes in cellular metabolism leading to various clinical symptoms, such as hematological, psychiatric, and neurological disorders. We hypothesize that skin pigmentation disorders may be a diagnostically important manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency, however the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of vitamin B12 deficiency on melanocytes homeostasis. Hypocobalaminemia in vitro model was developed by treating epidermal melanocytes with synthesized vitamin B12 antagonist—hydroxycobalamin(c-lactam). The cells were examined using immunoenzymatic, spectrophotometric, and fluorimetric assays as well as image cytometry. Significant melanogenesis stimulation—the increase of relative melanin content and tyrosinase activity up to 131% and 135%, respectively—has been indicated. Cobalamin-deficient cells displayed the elevation (by 120%) in reactive oxygen species level. Moreover, the redox status imbalance was stated. The study provided a scientific evidence for melanocytes homeostasis disturbance under hypocobalaminemia, thus indicating a significant element of the hyperpigmentation mechanism due to vitamin B12 deficiency. Furthermore, the implication between pigmentary and hematological and/or neuropsychiatric symptoms in cobalamin-deficient patients may be an important issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Rzepka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Michalina Respondek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Jakub Rok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Artur Beberok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Keith Ó Proinsias
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dorota Wrześniok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
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Tsai IJ, Chen CW, Tsai SY, Wang PY, Owaga E, Hsieh RH. Curcumin supplementation ameliorated vascular dysfunction and improved antioxidant status in rats fed a high-sucrose, high-fat diet. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:669-676. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial dysfunction is a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study evaluated the effect of curcumin on factors associated with vascular dysfunction using rats fed a high-sucrose, high-fat (HSF) diet. The experiment included 2 animal feeding phases. In the first feeding phase, male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: the control group (n = 8) was fed a standard diet (AIN-93G) and the HSF group (n = 24) was fed an HSF diet for 8 weeks to induce obesity. In the second feeding phase, lasting 4 weeks, the HSF group was randomly divided into 3 subgroups: the O group (n = 8) continued feeding on the HSF diet, the OA group (n = 8) had the HSF diet replaced with AIN-93G, and the OC group (n = 8) was fed the HSF diet supplemented with curcumin (300 mg/kg body weight daily). After 8 weeks, the HSF diet significantly elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), homocysteine (Hcy), C-reactive protein (CRP), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) but significantly reduced levels of nitric oxide (NO) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). After dietary intervention, the OA and OC groups exhibited significantly lower levels of AST, ALT, HOMA-IR, cholesterol, LDL-C, Hcy, CRP, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 and higher levels of NO and catalase (CAT) activity compared with the O group. Superoxide dismutase, CAT, and glutathione peroxidase activities were increased in the OA group, while CAT levels were enhanced in the OC group. In conclusion, this study showed that curcumin supplementation and diet modification can inhibit HSF diet-induced vascular dysfunction potentially by enhancing NO production and antioxidant enzyme activities, thereby suppressing inflammation and oxidative damage in the vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Jung Tsai
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yu Tsai
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yuan Wang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Eddy Owaga
- Institute of Food Bioresources Technology, Dedan Kimathi University of Technology, P.O. Box 657-10100, Nyeri, Kenya
| | - Rong-Hong Hsieh
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Strobbe S, Van Der Straeten D. Toward Eradication of B-Vitamin Deficiencies: Considerations for Crop Biofortification. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:443. [PMID: 29681913 PMCID: PMC5897740 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
'Hidden hunger' involves insufficient intake of micronutrients and is estimated to affect over two billion people on a global scale. Malnutrition of vitamins and minerals is known to cause an alarming number of casualties, even in the developed world. Many staple crops, although serving as the main dietary component for large population groups, deliver inadequate amounts of micronutrients. Biofortification, the augmentation of natural micronutrient levels in crop products through breeding or genetic engineering, is a pivotal tool in the fight against micronutrient malnutrition (MNM). Although these approaches have shown to be successful in several species, a more extensive knowledge of plant metabolism and function of these micronutrients is required to refine and improve biofortification strategies. This review focuses on the relevant B-vitamins (B1, B6, and B9). First, the role of these vitamins in plant physiology is elaborated, as well their biosynthesis. Second, the rationale behind vitamin biofortification is illustrated in view of pathophysiology and epidemiology of the deficiency. Furthermore, advances in biofortification, via metabolic engineering or breeding, are presented. Finally, considerations on B-vitamin multi-biofortified crops are raised, comprising the possible interplay of these vitamins in planta.
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Toghill BJ, Saratzis A, Freeman PJ, Sylvius N, Bown MJ. SMYD2 promoter DNA methylation is associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and SMYD2 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:29. [PMID: 29507647 PMCID: PMC5833080 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a deadly cardiovascular disease characterised by the gradual, irreversible dilation of the abdominal aorta. AAA is a complex genetic disease but little is known about the role of epigenetics. Our objective was to determine if global DNA methylation and CpG-specific methylation at known AAA risk loci is associated with AAA, and the functional effects of methylation changes. Results We assessed global methylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cell DNA from 92 individuals with AAA and 93 controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, identifying hyper-methylation in those with large AAA and a positive linear association with AAA diameter (P < 0.0001, R2 = 0.3175).We then determined CpG methylation status of regulatory regions in genes located at AAA risk loci identified in genome-wide association studies, using bisulphite next-generation sequencing (NGS) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) taken from aortic tissues of 44 individuals (24 AAAs and 20 controls). In IL6R, 2 CpGs were hyper-methylated (P = 0.0145); in ERG, 13 CpGs were hyper-methylated (P = 0.0005); in SERPINB9, 6 CpGs were hypo-methylated (P = 0.0037) and 1 CpG was hyper-methylated (P = 0.0098); and in SMYD2, 4 CpGs were hypo-methylated (P = 0.0012).RT-qPCR was performed for each differentially methylated gene on mRNA from the same VSMCs and compared with methylation. This analysis revealed downregulation of SMYD2 and SERPINB9 in AAA, and a direct linear relationship between SMYD2 promoter methylation and SMYD2 expression (P = 0.038). Furthermore, downregulation of SMYD2 at the site of aneurysm in the aortic wall was further corroborated in 6 of the same samples used for methylation and gene expression analysis with immunohistochemistry. Conclusions This study is the first to assess DNA methylation in VSMCs from individuals with AAA using NGS, and provides further evidence there is an epigenetic basis to AAA. Our study shows that methylation status of the SMYD2 promoter may be linked with decreased SMYD2 expression in disease pathobiology. In support of our work, downregulated SMYD2 has previously been associated with adverse cardiovascular physiology and inflammation, which are both hallmarks of AAA. The identification of such adverse epigenetic modifications could potentially contribute towards the development of epigenetic treatment strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J Toghill
- 1Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX UK
| | - Athanasios Saratzis
- 1Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX UK
| | - Peter J Freeman
- 2Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK
| | - Nicolas Sylvius
- 2Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK
| | | | - Matthew J Bown
- 1Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX UK
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Margalit I, Cohen E, Goldberg E, Krause I. Reconsidering the relation between serum homocysteine and red blood cell distribution width: a cross-sectional study of a large cohort. Biomarkers 2018; 23:483-486. [PMID: 29461119 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1443515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In a recent small sample study, red blood cell distribution width (RDW) was suggested as a predictor of homocysteine levels. The current study was aimed to reexamine this association in a large scale sample. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study of healthy adults, conducted at Rabin Medical Center, during 2000-2014. Data were retrieved from the medical charts and a logistic regression controlling for interfering factors was carried out. Sensitivity analysis was implemented by exclusion of individuals with anaemia. RESULTS Five thousand, five hundred fifty-four healthy individuals were included. Mean serum homocysteine level was 10.10 (SD 2.72) μmol/L. 34.4% of the study population had a homocysteine level higher than the upper limit of normal (10.8 μmol/L). Homocysteine showed no association with RDW (OR 1.00; 95% CI 0.97-1.03), but increased with age (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.04-1.06) and decreased with a rise in haemoglobin (OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.71-0.83), and in the mean corpuscular volume (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.85-0.88). Exclusion of individuals with anaemia did not reveal an association between homocysteine and RDW but found a somewhat smaller association between haemoglobin and RDW [OR 0.82; 95% CI 0.73-0.91]. CONCLUSIONS In our large scale sample we did not find an association between RDW and serum homocysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ili Margalit
- a Department of Internal Medicine F-Recanati , Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital , Petah Tikva , Israel
| | - Eytan Cohen
- a Department of Internal Medicine F-Recanati , Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital , Petah Tikva , Israel.,b Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Elad Goldberg
- a Department of Internal Medicine F-Recanati , Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital , Petah Tikva , Israel.,b Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Ilan Krause
- a Department of Internal Medicine F-Recanati , Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital , Petah Tikva , Israel.,b Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
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Epigenetic modifications in hyperhomocysteinemia: potential role in diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Oncotarget 2018; 9:12562-12590. [PMID: 29560091 PMCID: PMC5849155 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To study Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)-induced epigenetic modifications as potential mechanisms of blood retinal barrier (BRB) dysfunction, retinas isolated from three- week-old mice with elevated level of Homocysteine (Hcy) due to lack of the enzyme cystathionine β-synthase (cbs-/- , cbs+/- and cbs+/+ ), human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs), and human retinal pigmented epithelial cells (ARPE-19) treated with or without Hcy were evaluated for (1) histone deacetylases (HDAC), (2) DNA methylation (DNMT), and (3) miRNA analysis. Differentially expressed miRNAs in mice with HHcy were further compared with miRNA analysis of diabetic mice retinas (STZ) and miRNAs within the exosomes released from Hcy-treated RPEs. Differentially expressed miRNAs were further evaluated for predicted target genes and associated pathways using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. HHcy significantly increased HDAC and DNMT activity in HRECs, ARPE-19, and cbs mice retinas, whereas inhibition of HDAC and DNMT decreased Hcy-induced BRB dysfunction. MiRNA profiling detected 127 miRNAs in cbs+/- and 39 miRNAs in cbs-/- mice retinas, which were significantly differentially expressed compared to cbs+/+ . MiRNA pathway analysis showed their involvement in HDAC and DNMT activation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and oxidative stresses, inflammation, hypoxia, and angiogenesis pathways. Hcy-induced epigenetic modifications may be involved in retinopathies associated with HHcy, such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy.
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Zhang J, Liu Y, Wang A, Wang D, Jiang R, Jia J, Chen S, Zhao X. Association between H-type Hypertension and Asymptomatic Extracranial Artery Stenosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1328. [PMID: 29358636 PMCID: PMC5778020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic extracranial artery stenosis (ECAS) is a well-known risk factor for stroke and H-type hypertension, which is defined as hypertension with hyperhomocysteinemia, is associated with cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. However, the impact of H-type hypertension on ECAS is mostly unknown. We designed this study to investigate the association between H-type hypertension and prevalence of ECAS. We included 2330 participants in this study and classified them into four groups: the control group without hypertension or hyperhomocysteinemia, isolated hypertension group, isolated hyperhomocysteinemia group and H-type hypertension group. We measured the baseline plasma total homocysteine levels and assessed ECAS by carotid duplex sonography twice at baseline and during follow up. We used a Cox regression model to analyse the association between H-type hypertension and ECAS. At baseline, 608 subjects suffered from H-type hypertension. Within two years of follow-up, asymptomatic ECAS occurred in 250 (10.73%) participants. After adjusting for relevant risk factors, we found H-type hypertension to be an independent risk factor for asymptomatic ECAS (relative risk (RR) 3.16, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.00-5.00). Our findings provide direct evidence for the importance of H-type hypertension in the occurrence of ECAS and as a potential therapeutic target for carotid atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Anxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, 100050, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ruixuan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jiaokun Jia
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shengyun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, 100050, China.
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