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Zhang X, Chen Z, Xiong Y, Zhou Q, Zhu LQ, Liu D. The emerging role of nitric oxide in the synaptic dysfunction of vascular dementia. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:402-415. [PMID: 38819044 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
With an increase in global aging, the number of people affected by cerebrovascular diseases is also increasing, and the incidence of vascular dementia-closely related to cerebrovascular risk-is increasing at an epidemic rate. However, few therapeutic options exist that can markedly improve the cognitive impairment and prognosis of vascular dementia patients. Similarly in Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders, synaptic dysfunction is recognized as the main reason for cognitive decline. Nitric oxide is one of the ubiquitous gaseous cellular messengers involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes of the central nervous system. Recently, nitric oxide has been implicated in regulating synaptic plasticity and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia. This review introduces in detail the emerging role of nitric oxide in physiological and pathological states of vascular dementia and summarizes the diverse effects of nitric oxide on different aspects of synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction that underlie the progress of vascular dementia. Additionally, we propose that targeting the nitric oxide-sGC-cGMP pathway using certain specific approaches may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Center for Cognitive Science and Transdisciplinary Studies, Jiujiang University, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhiying Chen
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yinyi Xiong
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Li D, Jia J, Zeng H, Zhong X, Chen H, Yi C. Efficacy of exercise rehabilitation for managing patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2175-2188. [PMID: 38488551 PMCID: PMC11034587 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and degenerative neurological disease characterized by the deterioration of cognitive functions. While a definitive cure and optimal medication to impede disease progression are currently unavailable, a plethora of studies have highlighted the potential advantages of exercise rehabilitation for managing this condition. Those studies show that exercise rehabilitation can enhance cognitive function and improve the quality of life for individuals affected by AD. Therefore, exercise rehabilitation has been regarded as one of the most important strategies for managing patients with AD. Herein, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the currently available findings on exercise rehabilitation in patients with AD, with a focus on the exercise types which have shown efficacy when implemented alone or combined with other treatment methods, as well as the potential mechanisms underlying these positive effects. Specifically, we explain how exercise may improve the brain microenvironment and neuronal plasticity. In conclusion, exercise is a cost-effective intervention to enhance cognitive performance and improve quality of life in patients with mild to moderate cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, it can potentially become both a physical activity and a tailored intervention. This review may aid the development of more effective and individualized treatment strategies to address the challenges imposed by this debilitating disease, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jinning Jia
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Haibo Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Huichang County People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Chenju Yi
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Thurston RC, Chang Y, Wu M, Harrison EM, Aizenstein HJ, Derby CA, Barinas-Mitchell E, Maki PM. Reproductive hormones in relation to white matter hyperintensity volumes among midlife women. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 38948946 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although reproductive hormones are implicated in cerebral small vessel disease in women, few studies consider measured hormones in relation to white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV), a key indicator of cerebral small vessel disease. Even fewer studies consider estrone (E1), the primary postmenopausal estrogen, or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), an indicator of ovarian age. We tested associations of estradiol (E2), E1, and FSH to WMHV among women. METHODS Two hundred twenty-two women (mean age = 59) underwent hormone assays (E1, E2, FSH) and 3T brain magnetic resonance imaging. Associations of hormones to WMHV were tested with linear regression. RESULTS Higher E2 (B[standard error (SE)] = -0.17[0.06], P = 0.008) and E1 (B[SE] = -0.26[0.10], P = 0.007) were associated with lower whole-brain WMHV, and higher FSH (B[SE] = 0.26[0.07], P = 0.0005) with greater WMHV (covariates age, race, education). When additionally controlling for cardiovascular disease risk factors, associations of E1 and FSH to WMHV remained. DISCUSSION Reproductive hormones, particularly E1 and FSH, are important to women's cerebrovascular health. HIGHLIGHTS Despite widespread belief that sex hormones are important to women's brain health, little work has considered how these hormones in women relate to white matter hyperintensities (WMH), a major indicator of cerebral small vessel disease. We considered relations of estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to WMH in midlife women. Higher E2 and E1 were associated with lower whole-brain WMH volume (WMHV), and higher FSH with higher whole-brain WMHV. Associations of E1 and FSH, but not E2, to WMHV persisted with adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors. Findings underscore the importance of E2 and FSH to women's cerebrovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Thurston
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuefang Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Minjie Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emma M Harrison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Howard J Aizenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carol A Derby
- Department of Neurology, and Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Pauline M Maki
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Gao Y, Zhao P, Wang C, Fang K, Pan Y, Zhang Y, Miao Z, Wang M, Wei M, Zou W, Liu M, Peng K. Buqi Huoxue Tongnao prescription protects against chronic cerebral hypoperfusion via regulating PI3K/AKT and LXRα/CYP7A1 signaling pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155844. [PMID: 38959552 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) has been confirmed as one of the pathogenesis underlying vascular cognitive impairment. A series of pathological changes, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, are involved in this pathophysiology and contribute to cognitive impairment and neuropathological alterations. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) of Buqi Huoxue Tongnao (BQHXTN) prescription possesses a remarkable clinical efficacy for treating patients with CCH, but still lacks a scientific foundation for its pharmacological mechanisms. PURPOSE To investigate the role and underlying mechanism of the effects of BQHXTN on CCH both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS In this study, we established a two-vessel occlusion (2-VO) induced CCH model in Sprague-Dawley rats, an oxygen-glucose deprivation model in BV2 cells, and a steatosis cell model in L02 cells to reveal the underlying mechanisms of BQHXTN by behavioral test, histopathological analysis and the detection of pro-inflammatory cytokine, apoptotic factors and reactive oxide species. Donepezil hydrochloride and Buyang Huanwu decoction were used as positive drugs. RESULTS Compared with the 2-VO group, BQHXTN treatment at three doses significantly enhanced the memory and learning abilities in the Y-maze and novel object recognition tests. The hematoxylin-eosin staining indicated that BQHXTN protected against hippocampal injury induced by CCH. Of note, in both in vivo and in vitro experiments, BQHXTN prominently inhibited the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, cleaved-caspase 3, and iNOS by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway, consequently exerting anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant effects. Moreover, it provided the first initial evidence that BQHXTN treatment mitigated dyslipidemia by increasing the LXRα/CYP7A1 expression, thereby delaying the neuropathological process. CONCLUSION In summary, these findings firstly revealed the pharmacodynamics and mechanism of BQHXTN, that is, BQHXTN could alleviate cognitive impairment, neuropathological alterations and dyslipidemia in CCH rats by activating PI3K/AKT and LXRα/CYP7A1 signaling pathways, as well as providing a TCM treatment strategy for CCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhuang Gao
- Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peng Kang National Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio, Southern Medicine University, Guangzhou 510315, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of the State Drug Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peng Kang National Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio, Southern Medicine University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peng Kang National Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio, Southern Medicine University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Keren Fang
- Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peng Kang National Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio, Southern Medicine University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Yueqing Pan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of the State Drug Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of the State Drug Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhishuo Miao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of the State Drug Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Meirong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of the State Drug Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Minlong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of the State Drug Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei Zou
- Changsha Research and Development Center on Obstetric and Gynecologic Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Menghua Liu
- Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peng Kang National Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio, Southern Medicine University, Guangzhou 510315, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of the State Drug Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Kang Peng
- Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peng Kang National Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio, Southern Medicine University, Guangzhou 510315, China.
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Shajahan S, Peters R, Carcel C, Woodward M, Harris K, Anderson CS. Hypertension and Mild Cognitive Impairment: State-of-the-Art Review. Am J Hypertens 2024; 37:385-393. [PMID: 38214550 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mid-life hypertension is associated with cognitive decline and dementia in later life. Reducing high blood pressure (BP) with antihypertensive agents is a well-researched strategy to prevent dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, there is still limited direct evidence to support the approach, and particularly for the treatment of the very old and those with existing MCI. METHODS This review presents an overview of the current evidence for the relationship between MCI and hypertension, and of the potential pathophysiological mechanisms related to cognitive decline and incidence dementia in relation to aging. RESULTS Although observational data are near consistent in showing an association between mid-life hypertension and MCI and/or dementia, the evidence in relation to hypertension in younger adults and the very old (age >80 years) is much more limited. Most of the commonly available antihypertensive agents appear to provide beneficial effects in reducing the risk dementia, but there is limited evidence to support such treatment in those with existing MCI. CONCLUSIONS Further studies are needed to determine the optimal levels of BP control across different age groups, especially in adults with MCI, and which class(es) of antihypertensive agents and duration of treatment best preserve cognitive function in those at risk of, or with established, MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultana Shajahan
- Brain Health Program, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruth Peters
- Brain Health Program, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cheryl Carcel
- Brain Health Program, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Woodward
- Brain Health Program, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Professorial Unit, The George Institute for Global Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Katie Harris
- Brain Health Program, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Craig S Anderson
- Brain Health Program, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Health Partners, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Shindo T, Eguchi K, Monma Y, Kanai H, Yasuda S, Shimokawa H. Optimal treatment conditions for low-intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy for Alzheimer's disease: applications from mice to humans. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2024:10.1007/s10396-024-01461-9. [PMID: 38698287 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-024-01461-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously developed a novel therapy with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) that ameliorates cognitive decline through upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial, we demonstrated that whole-brain LIPUS therapy is safe and tends to suppress the cognitive decline in early AD patients. We herein report the findings of our basic experiments that we performed for the pilot trial in order to apply whole-brain LIPUS therapy to humans, as well. METHODS First, we examined the relationship between bone density/thickness and ultrasound transmittance using human temporal bone. Next, based on the results of ultrasound transmittance, we further examined mRNA expression of VEGF, FGF2, and eNOS in response to variable ultrasound frequencies, duty cycles, and sound pressures. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between bone thickness and transmittance (1.0 MHz, P < 0.001), while there was no significant correlation between bone density and transmittance (1.0 MHz, P = 0.421). At a frequency of 0.5 MHz, the optimum duty cycle was considered to be up to 20%. When the tissue amplitude was in the range of 0.05-0.5 MPa, VEGF, FGF2, and eNOS were significantly upregulated by LIPUS. Thus, the conditions necessary for LIPUS therapy for the human brain were identified as sound pressure just below the probe 1.3 MPa (tissue amplitude 0.15 MPa), duty cycle 5%, and frequency 0.5 MHz. CONCLUSION We successfully identified the optimal treatment conditions for LIPUS therapy for patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Shindo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-Machiachiachi, Aoba-Kuuu, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kumiko Eguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-Machiachiachi, Aoba-Kuuu, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yuto Monma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-Machiachiachi, Aoba-Kuuu, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kanai
- Division of Biomedical Measurements and Diagnostics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-Machiachiachi, Aoba-Kuuu, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-Machiachiachi, Aoba-Kuuu, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
- Graduate School, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan.
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Sabayan B, Akhavan Sigari A, Modir R, Meyer BC, Hemmen T, Meyer D, Bavarsad Shahripour R. Statin treatment intensity and cerebral vasomotor reactivity response in patients with ischemic stroke. J Neuroimaging 2024. [PMID: 38590021 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral vasomotor reactivity (VMR) is vital for regulating brain blood flow and maintaining neurological function. Impaired cerebral VMR is linked to a higher risk of stroke and poor post-stroke outcomes. This study explores the relationship between statin treatment intensity and VMR in patients with ischemic stroke. METHODS Seventy-four consecutive patients (mean age 69.3 years, 59.4% male) with recent ischemic stroke were included. VMR levels were assessed 4 weeks after the index stroke using transcranial Doppler, measuring the breath-holding index (BHI) as an indicator of the percentage increase in middle cerebral artery blood flow (higher BHI signifies higher VMR). Multistep multivariable regression models, adjusted for demographic and cerebrovascular risk factors, were employed to examine the association between statin intensity treatment and BHI levels. RESULTS Forty-one patients (55%) received high-intensity statins. Patients receiving high-intensity statins exhibited a mean BHI of 0.85, whereas those on low-intensity statins had a mean BHI of 0.67 (mean difference 0.18, 95% confidence interval: 0.13-0.22, p-value<.001). This significant difference persisted in the fully adjusted model (adjusted mean values: 0.84 vs. 0.68, p-value: .008). No significant differences were observed in BHI values within patient groups on high-intensity or low-intensity statin therapy (all p-values>.05). Furthermore, no significant association was found between baseline low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and BHI. CONCLUSIONS High-intensity statin treatment post-ischemic stroke is linked to elevated VMR independent of demographic and clinical characteristics, including baseline LDL level. Further research is needed to explore statin therapy's impact on preserving brain vascular function beyond lipid-lowering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Sabayan
- Department of Neurology, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Royya Modir
- UCSD Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Brett C Meyer
- UCSD Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Thomas Hemmen
- UCSD Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Dawn Meyer
- UCSD Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Reza Bavarsad Shahripour
- UCSD Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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He J, Hou T, Wang Q, Wang Q, Jiang Y, Chen L, Xu J, Qi Y, Jia D, Gu Y, Gao L, Yu Y, Wang L, Kang L, Si J, Wang L, Chen S. L-arginine metabolism ameliorates age-related cognitive impairment by Amuc_1100-mediated gut homeostasis maintaining. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14081. [PMID: 38236004 PMCID: PMC11019123 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging-induced cognitive impairment is associated with a loss of metabolic homeostasis and plasticity. An emerging idea is that targeting key metabolites is sufficient to impact the function of other organisms. Therefore, more metabolism-targeted therapeutic intervention is needed to improve cognitive impairment. We first conducted untargeted metabolomic analyses and 16S rRNA to identify the aging-associated metabolic adaption and intestinal microbiome change. Untargeted metabolomic analyses of plasma revealed L-arginine metabolic homeostasis was altered during the aging process. Impaired L-arginine metabolic homeostasis was associated with low abundance of intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) colonization in mice. Long-term supplementation of AKK outer membranes protein-Amuc_1100, rescued the L-arginine level and restored cognitive impairment in aging mice. Mechanically, Amuc_1100 acted directly as a source of L-arginine and enriched the L-arginine-producing bacteria. In aged brain, Amuc_1100 promoted the superoxide dismutase to alleviated oxidation stress, and increased nitric oxide, derivatives of L-arginine, to improve synaptic plasticity. Meanwhile, L-arginine repaired lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal barrier damage and promoted growth of colon organoid. Our findings indicated that aging-related cognitive impairment was closely associated with the disorders of L-arginine metabolism. AKK-derived Amuc_1100, as a potential postbiotic, targeting the L-arginine metabolism, might provide a promising therapeutic strategy to maintain the intestinal homeostasis and cognitive function in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin He
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institution of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent DiseaseZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Tongyao Hou
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institution of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent DiseaseZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Qiwen Wang
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institution of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent DiseaseZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Qingyi Wang
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institution of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent DiseaseZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yao Jiang
- Institution of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent DiseaseZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Department of GastroenterologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Luyi Chen
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent DiseaseZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Department of General PracticeSir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Jilei Xu
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institution of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent DiseaseZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yadong Qi
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institution of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent DiseaseZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Dingjiacheng Jia
- Institution of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent DiseaseZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Department of GastroenterologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yanrou Gu
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent DiseaseZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wenzhou People's HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Lidan Gao
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent DiseaseZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's HospitalWenzhouChina
| | - Yingcong Yu
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent DiseaseZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wenzhou People's HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institution of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent DiseaseZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Lijun Kang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain‐Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jianmin Si
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institution of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent DiseaseZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Liangjing Wang
- Institution of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent DiseaseZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Department of GastroenterologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Shujie Chen
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institution of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent DiseaseZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
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Owens CD, Bonin Pinto C, Detwiler S, Olay L, Pinaffi-Langley ACDC, Mukli P, Peterfi A, Szarvas Z, James JA, Galvan V, Tarantini S, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z, Kirkpatrick AC, Prodan CI, Yabluchanskiy A. Neurovascular coupling impairment as a mechanism for cognitive deficits in COVID-19. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae080. [PMID: 38495306 PMCID: PMC10943572 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Components that comprise our brain parenchymal and cerebrovascular structures provide a homeostatic environment for proper neuronal function to ensure normal cognition. Cerebral insults (e.g. ischaemia, microbleeds and infection) alter cellular structures and physiologic processes within the neurovascular unit and contribute to cognitive dysfunction. COVID-19 has posed significant complications during acute and convalescent stages in multiple organ systems, including the brain. Cognitive impairment is a prevalent complication in COVID-19 patients, irrespective of severity of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, overwhelming evidence from in vitro, preclinical and clinical studies has reported SARS-CoV-2-induced pathologies in components of the neurovascular unit that are associated with cognitive impairment. Neurovascular unit disruption alters the neurovascular coupling response, a critical mechanism that regulates cerebromicrovascular blood flow to meet the energetic demands of locally active neurons. Normal cognitive processing is achieved through the neurovascular coupling response and involves the coordinated action of brain parenchymal cells (i.e. neurons and glia) and cerebrovascular cell types (i.e. endothelia, smooth muscle cells and pericytes). However, current work on COVID-19-induced cognitive impairment has yet to investigate disruption of neurovascular coupling as a causal factor. Hence, in this review, we aim to describe SARS-CoV-2's effects on the neurovascular unit and how they can impact neurovascular coupling and contribute to cognitive decline in acute and convalescent stages of the disease. Additionally, we explore potential therapeutic interventions to mitigate COVID-19-induced cognitive impairment. Given the great impact of cognitive impairment associated with COVID-19 on both individuals and public health, the necessity for a coordinated effort from fundamental scientific research to clinical application becomes imperative. This integrated endeavour is crucial for mitigating the cognitive deficits induced by COVID-19 and its subsequent burden in this especially vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron D Owens
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Camila Bonin Pinto
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Sam Detwiler
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Lauren Olay
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Ana Clara da C Pinaffi-Langley
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Peter Mukli
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Departments of Public Health, Translational Medicine and Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Anna Peterfi
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Departments of Public Health, Translational Medicine and Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Szarvas
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Departments of Public Health, Translational Medicine and Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Judith A James
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Veronica Galvan
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Departments of Public Health, Translational Medicine and Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Departments of Public Health, Translational Medicine and Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Departments of Public Health, Translational Medicine and Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Angelia C Kirkpatrick
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Calin I Prodan
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Departments of Public Health, Translational Medicine and Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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10
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Liu Q, Zhang Y, Han B, Wang M, Hu H, Ning J, Hu W, Chen M, Pang Y, Chen Y, Bao L, Niu Y, Zhang R. circRNAs deregulation in exosomes derived from BEAS-2B cells is associated with vascular stiffness induced by PM 2.5. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 137:527-539. [PMID: 37980036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
As an environmental pollutant, ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was linked to cardiovascular diseases. The molecular mechanisms underlying PM2.5-induced extrapulmonary disease has not been elucidated clearly. In this study the ambient PM2.5 exposure mice model we established was to explore adverse effects of vessel and potential mechanisms. Long-term PM2.5 exposure caused reduced lung function and vascular stiffness in mice. And chronic PM2.5 induced migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype in BEAS-2B cells. After PM2.5 treatment, the circRNAs and mRNAs levels of exosomes released by BEAS-2B cells were detected by competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) array, which contained 1664 differentially expressed circRNAs (DE-circRNAs) and 308 differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs). By bioinformatics analysis on host genes of DE-circRNAs, vascular diseases and some pathways related to vascular diseases including focal adhesion, tight junction and adherens junction were enriched. Then, ceRNA network was constructed, and DE-mRNAs in ceRNA network were conducted functional enrichment analysis by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, which indicated that hsa_circ_0012627, hsa_circ_0053261 and hsa_circ_0052810 were related to vascular endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, it was verified experimentally that ExoPM2.5 could induce endothelial dysfunction by increased endothelial permeability and decreased relaxation in vitro. In present study, we investigated in-depth knowledge into the molecule events related to PM2.5 toxicity and pathogenesis of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yaling Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mengruo Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Huaifang Hu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Jie Ning
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Meiyu Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yaxian Pang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lei Bao
- Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yujie Niu
- Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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11
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Adams JA, Uryash A, Lopez JR. Harnessing Passive Pulsatile Shear Stress for Alzheimer's Disease Prevention and Intervention. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:387-401. [PMID: 38393906 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects more than 40 million people worldwide and is the leading cause of dementia. This disease is a challenge for both patients and caregivers and puts a significant strain on the global healthcare system. To address this issue, the Lancet Commission recommends focusing on reducing modifiable lifestyle risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and physical inactivity. Passive pulsatile shear stress (PPSS) interventions, which use devices like whole-body periodic acceleration, periodic acceleration along the Z-axis (pGz), and the Jogging Device, have shown significant systemic and cellular effects in preclinical and clinical models which address these modifiable risks factors. Based on this, we propose that PPSS could be a potential non-pharmacological and non-invasive preventive or therapeutic strategy for AD. We perform a comprehensive review of the biological basis based on all publications of PPSS using these devices and demonstrate their effects on the various aspects of AD. We draw from this comprehensive analysis to support our hypothesis. We then delve into the possible application of PPSS as an innovative intervention. We discuss how PPSS holds promise in ameliorating hypertension and diabetes while mitigating physical inactivity, potentially offering a holistic approach to AD prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Adams
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Arkady Uryash
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Jose R Lopez
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
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12
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Roberts R, Huckstepp RT. Innate Sleep Apnea in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Is Associated With Microvascular Rarefaction and Neuronal Loss in the preBötzinger Complex. Stroke 2023; 54:3141-3152. [PMID: 38011231 PMCID: PMC10769171 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.044732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep apnea (SA) is a major threat to physical health and carries a significant economic burden. These impacts are worsened by its interaction with, and induction of, its comorbidities. SA holds a bidirectional relationship with hypertension, which drives atherosclerosis/arteriolosclerosis, ultimately culminating in vascular dementia. METHODS To enable a better understanding of these sequelae of events, we investigated innate SA and its effects on cognition in adult-aged spontaneously hypertensive rats, which have a range of cardiovascular disorders: plethysmography and electroencephalographic/electromyographic recordings were used to assess sleep-wake state, breathing parameters, and sleep-disordered breathing; immunocytochemistry was used to assess vascular and neural health; the forced alteration Y maze and Barnes maze were used to assess short- and long-term memories, respectively; and an anesthetized preparation was used to assess baroreflex sensitivity. RESULTS Spontaneously hypertensive rats displayed a higher degree of sleep-disordered breathing, which emanates from poor vascular health leading to a loss of preBötzinger Complex neurons. These rats also display small vessel white matter disease, a form of vascular dementia, which may be exacerbated by the SA-induced neuroinflammation in the hippocampus to worsen the related deficits in both long- and short-term memories. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, we postulate that hypertension induces SA through vascular damage in the respiratory column, culminating in neuronal loss in the inspiratory oscillator. This induction of SA, which, in turn, will independently exacerbate hypertension and neural inflammation, increases the rate of vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reno Roberts
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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13
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Latifi-Navid H, Barzegar Behrooz A, Jamehdor S, Davari M, Latifinavid M, Zolfaghari N, Piroozmand S, Taghizadeh S, Bourbour M, Shemshaki G, Latifi-Navid S, Arab SS, Soheili ZS, Ahmadieh H, Sheibani N. Construction of an Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration Diagnostic and Therapeutic Molecular Network Using Multi-Layer Network Analysis, a Fuzzy Logic Model, and Deep Learning Techniques: Are Retinal and Brain Neurodegenerative Disorders Related? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1555. [PMID: 38004422 PMCID: PMC10674956 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a leading cause of irreversible visual impairment in the elderly. The current management of nAMD is limited and involves regular intravitreal administration of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF). However, the effectiveness of these treatments is limited by overlapping and compensatory pathways leading to unresponsiveness to anti-VEGF treatments in a significant portion of nAMD patients. Therefore, a system view of pathways involved in pathophysiology of nAMD will have significant clinical value. The aim of this study was to identify proteins, miRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), various metabolites, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with a significant role in the pathogenesis of nAMD. To accomplish this goal, we conducted a multi-layer network analysis, which identified 30 key genes, six miRNAs, and four lncRNAs. We also found three key metabolites that are common with AMD, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia. Moreover, we identified nine key SNPs and their related genes that are common among AMD, AD, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis (MS), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Thus, our findings suggest that there exists a connection between nAMD and the aforementioned neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, our study also demonstrates the effectiveness of using artificial intelligence, specifically the LSTM network, a fuzzy logic model, and genetic algorithms, to identify important metabolites in complex metabolic pathways to open new avenues for the design and/or repurposing of drugs for nAMD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 1497716316, Iran; (H.L.-N.); (M.D.); (N.Z.); (S.P.); (S.T.); (Z.-S.S.)
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Saleh Jamehdor
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838636, Iran;
| | - Maliheh Davari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 1497716316, Iran; (H.L.-N.); (M.D.); (N.Z.); (S.P.); (S.T.); (Z.-S.S.)
| | - Masoud Latifinavid
- Department of Mechatronic Engineering, University of Turkish Aeronautical Association, 06790 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Narges Zolfaghari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 1497716316, Iran; (H.L.-N.); (M.D.); (N.Z.); (S.P.); (S.T.); (Z.-S.S.)
| | - Somayeh Piroozmand
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 1497716316, Iran; (H.L.-N.); (M.D.); (N.Z.); (S.P.); (S.T.); (Z.-S.S.)
| | - Sepideh Taghizadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 1497716316, Iran; (H.L.-N.); (M.D.); (N.Z.); (S.P.); (S.T.); (Z.-S.S.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Mahsa Bourbour
- Department of Biotechnology, Alzahra University, Tehran 1993893973, Iran;
| | - Golnaz Shemshaki
- Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore 570005, India;
| | - Saeid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 5619911367, Iran;
| | - Seyed Shahriar Arab
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran;
| | - Zahra-Soheila Soheili
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 1497716316, Iran; (H.L.-N.); (M.D.); (N.Z.); (S.P.); (S.T.); (Z.-S.S.)
| | - Hamid Ahmadieh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1666673111, Iran;
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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14
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Shields KL, Jarrett CL, Bisconti AV, Park SH, Craig JC, Broxterman RM, Richardson RS. Preserved endothelium-independent vascular function with aging in men and women: evidence from the peripheral and cerebral vasculature. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:559-571. [PMID: 37391885 PMCID: PMC10538978 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00571.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the peripheral and cerebral vasculature, the impact of aging and sex on the endothelial-independent functional capacity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is not well understood, nor is it known whether such VSMC functions in these vascular beds reflect one another. Therefore, endothelium-independent dilation, at both the conduit (Δ diameter) and microvascular (Δ vascular conductance, VC) level, elicited by sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG, 0.8 mg of Nitrostat), compared with sham-delivery (control), was assessed using Doppler ultrasound in the popliteal (PA) and middle cerebral (MCA) artery of 20 young [23 ± 4 yr, 10 males (YM)/10 females (YF)] and 21 old [69 ± 5 yr, 11 males (OM)/10 females (OF)] relatively healthy adults. In the PA, compared with zero, NTG significantly increased diameter in all groups (YM: 0.29 ± 0.13, YF: 0.35 ± 0.26, OM: 0.30 ± 0.18, OF: 0.31 ± 0.14 mm), while control did not. The increase in VC only achieved significance in the OF (0.22 ± 0.31 mL/min/mmHg). In the MCA, compared with zero, NTG significantly increased diameter and VC in all groups (YM: 0.89 ± 0.30, 1.06 ± 1.28; YF: 0.97 ± 0.31, 1.84 ± 1.07; OM: 0.90 ± 0.42, 0.72 ± 0.99; OF: 0.74 ± 0.32, 1.19 ± 1.18, mm and mL/min/mmHg, respectively), while control did not. There were no age or sex differences or age-by-sex interactions for both the NTG-induced PA and MCA dilation and VC. In addition, PA and MCA dilation and VC responses to NTG were not related when grouped by age, sex, or as all subjects (r = 0.04-0.44, P > 0.05). Thus, peripheral and cerebral endothelial-independent VSMC function appears to be unaffected by age or sex, and variations in such VSMC function in one of these vascular beds are not reflected in the other.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To confidently explain peripheral and cerebral vascular dysfunction, it is essential to have a clear understanding of the endothelial-independent function of VSMCs across age and sex. By assessing endothelium-independent dilation using sublingual nitroglycerin, endothelial-independent VSMC function in the periphery (popliteal artery), and in the cerebral circulation (middle cerebral artery), was not different due to age or sex. In addition, endothelial-independent VSMC function in one of these vascular beds is not reflected in the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Shields
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Catherine L Jarrett
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Angela V Bisconti
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Soung Hun Park
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Jesse C Craig
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Ryan M Broxterman
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Center on Aging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Center on Aging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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15
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Chiu TH, Ku CW, Ho TJ, Tsai KL, Yang YD, Ou HC, Chen HI. Schisanhenol ameliorates oxLDL-caused endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting LOX-1 signaling. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36999521 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic lesions play a critical role in leading cardiovascular diseases. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) is a vital risk factor for atherosclerosis since it acts a crucial role in endothelial dysfunction and foam cell formation. Schisanhenol, a composition extracted from the fruit of Schisandra rubriflora, has been reported to have antioxidative effects on human LDL oxidation. This study investigates whether Schisanhenol protects against oxLDL-mediated endothelial damage by modulating the lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 (LOX-1)-mediated inflammatory processes. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pre-treated with 10 or 20 μM Schisanhenol for 2 h and then exposed to 150 μg/mL oxLDL. We revealed that Schisanhenol reduced oxLDL-enhanced LOX-1 expression. We also found that oxLDL down-regulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) as well as activated inducible NOS (iNOS), thereby enhancing the generation of nitric oxide (NO). Moreover, oxLDL elevated the expression levels of phosphorylated-p38MAPK, subsequently promoting NF-κB-modulated inflammatory responses. Pretreatment with Schisanhenol exerted significant cytoprotective function in all the above-mentioned detrimental events. Results from this present study reveal that Schisanhenol has a potential therapeutic effect on preventing oxLDL-induced endothelial injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsan-Hung Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wen Ku
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ling Tsai
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Dung Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chung Ou
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-I Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Iova OM, Marin GE, Lazar I, Stanescu I, Dogaru G, Nicula CA, Bulboacă AE. Nitric Oxide/Nitric Oxide Synthase System in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disorders-An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030753. [PMID: 36979000 PMCID: PMC10045816 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide, a ubiquitous molecule found throughout the natural world, is a key molecule implicated in many central and benefic molecular pathways and has a well-established role in the function of the central nervous system, as numerous studies have previously shown. Dysregulation of its metabolism, mainly the upregulation of nitric oxide production, has been proposed as a trigger and/or aggravator for many neurological affections. Increasing evidence supports the implication of this molecule in prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The mechanisms proposed for its neurotoxicity mainly center around the increased quantities of nitric oxide that are produced in the brain, their cause, and, most importantly, the pathological metabolic cascades created. These cascades lead to the formation of neuronal toxic substances that impair the neurons' function and structure on multiple levels. The purpose of this review is to present the main causes of increased pathological production, as well as the most important pathophysiological mechanisms triggered by nitric oxide, mechanisms that could help explain a part of the complex picture of neurodegenerative diseases and help develop targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga-Maria Iova
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gheorghe-Eduard Marin
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Izabella Lazar
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Stanescu
- Department of Neurology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela Dogaru
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Viilor Street, No. 46-50, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Ariadna Nicula
- Department of Ophthalmology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Elena Bulboacă
- Department of Pathophysiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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17
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Abstract
eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) is critically important enzyme responsible for regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis. Under physiological conditions, constitutive eNOS activity and production of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) exert essential neurovascular protective functions. In this review, we first discuss the roles of endothelial NO in prevention of neuronal amyloid accumulation and formation of neurofibrillary tangles, hallmarks of Alzheimer disease pathology. Next, we review existing evidence suggesting that NO released from endothelium prevents activation of microglia, stimulates glycolysis in astrocytes, and increases biogenesis of mitochondria. We also address major risk factors for cognitive impairment including aging and ApoE4 (apolipoprotein 4) genotype with focus on their detrimental effects on eNOS/NO signaling. Relevant to this review, recent studies suggested that aged eNOS heterozygous mice are unique model of spontaneous cerebral small vessel disease. In this regard, we review contribution of dysfunctional eNOS to deposition of Aβ (amyloid-β) into blood vessel wall leading to development of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. We conclude that endothelial dysfunction manifested by the loss of neurovascular protective functions of NO may significantly contribute to development of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvonimir S. Katusic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | - Livius V. d’Uscio
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | - Tongrong He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
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18
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The Vitamin D Receptor as a Potential Target for the Treatment of Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases Such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases: A Narrative Review. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040660. [PMID: 36831327 PMCID: PMC9954016 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors. The VDR is expressed in diverse brain regions and has been implicated in the neuroprotective, antiaging, prosurvival, and anti-inflammatory action of vitamin D. Accordingly, a relationship between vitamin D insufficiency and susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases has been suggested. However, due to the multitargeted mechanisms of vitamin D and its often overlapping genomic and nongenomic effects, the role of the VDR in brain pathologies remains obscure. In this narrative review, we present progress in deciphering the molecular mechanism of nuclear VDR-mediated vitamin D effects on prosurvival and anti-inflammatory signaling pathway activity within the central nervous system. In line with the concept of the neurovascular unit in pathomechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases, a discussion of the role of the VDR in regulating the immune and vascular brain systems is also included. Next, we discuss the results of preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the significance of vitamin D status and the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, emphasizing the possible role of the VDR in these phenomena. Finally, the associations of some VDR polymorphisms with higher risks and severity of these neurodegenerative disorders are briefly summarized.
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19
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Gao SQ, Shi JJ, Xue-Wang, Miao SH, Li T, Gao CC, Han YL, Qiu JY, Zhuang YS, Zhou ML. Endothelial NOX4 aggravates eNOS uncoupling by decreasing dihydrofolate reductase after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:499-510. [PMID: 36336227 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.10.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial malfunction is a major contributor to early or delayed vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). As a representative form of endothelial dysfunction, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling leads to a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) generated by endothelial cells. In this study, we investigated how the interaction between endothelial NOX4 (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4) and DHFR (dihydrofolate reductase) contributes to eNOS uncoupling after SAH. Setanaxib and the adeno-associated virus (AAV) targeting brain vascular endothelia were injected through the tail vein and the expression and localization of proteins were examined by western blot and immunofluorescence staining. The NO content was measured using the NO assay kit, and laser speckle contrast imaging was used to assess cortical perfusion. ROS (reactive oxygen species) level was detected by DHE (dihydroethidium) staining, DCFH-DA (2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate) staining and H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) measurement. The Garcia score was employed to examine neurological function. Setanaxib is widely used for its preferential inhibition for NOX1/4 over other NOX isoforms. After endothelial NOX4 was inhibited by Setanaxib in a mouse model of SAH, the endothelial DHFR level was significantly elevated, which attenuated eNOS uncoupling, increased cortical perfusion, and improved the neurological function. The protective role of inhibiting endothelial NOX4, however, disappeared after knocking down endothelial DHFR. Our results suggest that endothelial DHFR decreased significantly because of the elevated level of endothelial NOX4, which aggravated eNOS uncoupling after SAH, leading to decreased cortical perfusion and worse neurological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Qing Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jun Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Hao Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Chao Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ling Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yin Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Song Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Liang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Neuroprotection and Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation: Facts or Fiction? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213775. [PMID: 36430251 PMCID: PMC9692544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) techniques, such as transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive Magnetic Transcranial Stimulation (rTMS), are well-known non-pharmacological approaches to improve both motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Their use is of particular interest especially for the treatment of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), as well as axial disturbances in Parkinson's (PD), where conventional pharmacological therapies show very mild and short-lasting effects. However, their ability to interfere with disease progression over time is not well understood; recent evidence suggests that NIBS may have a neuroprotective effect, thus slowing disease progression and modulating the aggregation state of pathological proteins. In this narrative review, we gather current knowledge about neuroprotection and NIBS in neurodegenerative diseases (i.e., PD and AD), just mentioning the few results related to stroke. As further matter of debate, we discuss similarities and differences with Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)-induced neuroprotective effects, and highlight possible future directions for ongoing clinical studies.
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21
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CircCRIM1 Ameliorates Endothelial Cell Angiogenesis in Aging through the miR-455-3p/Twist1/VEGFR2 Signaling Axis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2062885. [PMID: 36254231 PMCID: PMC9569221 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2062885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Aging leads to vascular endothelial cell senescence. Decreased expression of VEGFA and VEGFR2 plays a crucial role in impairing angiogenesis in senescent endothelial cells. Noncoding RNAs, including circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), regulate endothelial cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration and participate in the occurrence and development of vascular diseases. However, the mechanism of noncoding RNAs in age-related vascular endothelial dysfunction remains unclear. Here, we aimed to identify the circRNA that is associated with VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathway activation in angiogenesis. Methods. Immunoblotting, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR), in vitro and in vivo experiments, luciferase assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by qRT–PCR (ChIP–qPCR) assays were performed to clarify the roles played by circCRIM1 in mouse aortic endothelial cell (MAEC) angiogenesis. Results. CircCRIM1 expression was downregulated in both an aging mouse model of lower limb ischemia in vivo and aging MAECs in vitro. Overexpressing circCRIM1 mediated through a plasmid or adeno-associated virus (AAV) reversed the downregulation of angiogenesis-related phenotype acquisition during aging. MiR-455-3p was confirmed to be a potential target of circCRIM1 through luciferase assays followed by RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which revealed the colocalization of circCRIM1 and miR-455-3p. CircCRIM1 was found to be a competitive endogenous RNA that sponged miR-455-3p and regulated angiogenesis-related phenotypes in MAECs. Furthermore, Twist1 was found to be downstream of miR-455-3p. A ChIP–qPCR assay showed that Twist1 promoted VEGFR2 expression by binding to the promoter region, playing a vital role in angiogenesis. Conclusions. Decreased expression of circCRIM1 impaired angiogenesis in aging via the miR-455-3p/Twist1/VEGFR2 axis. Our findings suggest that overexpression of circCRIM1 may be an effective therapeutic strategy for promoting ischemic lower limb blood flow recovery.
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22
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He T, d'Uscio LV, Sun R, Santhanam AVR, Katusic ZS. Inactivation of BACE1 increases expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in cerebrovascular endothelium. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1920-1932. [PMID: 35673977 PMCID: PMC9536128 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221105683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular effects of β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) inactivation have not been systematically studied. In the present study we employed cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), BACE1-knockout (BACE1-/-) mice and conditional (tamoxifen-induced) endothelium-specific BACE1-knockout (eBACE1-/-) mice to determine effect of BACE1 inhibition on expression and function of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Deletion of BACE1 caused upregulation of eNOS and glypican-1 (GPC1) in human BMECs treated with BACE1-siRNA, and cerebral microvessels of male BACE1-/- mice and male eBACE1-/- mice. In addition, BACE1siRNA treatment increased NO production in human BMECs. These effects appeared to be independent of amyloid β-peptide production. Furthermore, adenoviral-mediated overexpression of BACE1 in human BMECs down-regulated GPC1 and eNOS. Treatment of human BMECs with GPC1siRNA suppressed mRNA and protein levels of eNOS. In basilar arteries of male eBACE1-/- mice, endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine and endothelium-independent relaxations to NO donor, DEA-NONOate, were not affected, consistent with unchanged expression of eNOS and phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser1177 in large cerebral arteries. In aggregate, our findings suggest that under physiological conditions, inactivation of endothelial BACE1 increases expression of eNOS in cerebral microvessels but not in large brain arteries. This effect appears to be mediated by increased GPC1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongrong He
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Livius V d'Uscio
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ruohan Sun
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Anantha Vijay R Santhanam
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zvonimir S Katusic
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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23
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Siervo M, Babateen A, Alharbi M, Stephan B, Shannon O. Dietary nitrate and brain health. Too much ado about nothing or a solution for dementia prevention? Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1130-1136. [PMID: 36688430 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is a significant public health priority with approximately 55 million cases worldwide, and this number is predicted to quadruple by 2050. Adherence to a healthy diet and achieving optimal nutritional status are vital strategies to improve brain health. The importance of this area of research has been consolidated into the new term ‘nutritional psychiatry’. Dietary nitrate, closely associated with the intake of fruits and vegetables, is a compound that is increased in dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean and MIND diets and has protective effects on cognition and brain health. Nitrate is characterised by a complex metabolism and is the precursor of the nitrate–nitrite–nitric oxide (NO) pathway contributing to systemic NO generation. A higher intake of dietary nitrate has been linked to protective effects on vascular outcomes including blood pressure and endothelial function. However, the current evidence supporting the protective effects of dietary nitrate on brain health is less convincing. This article aims to provide a critical appraisal of the current evidence for dietary nitrate supplementation for improving brain health and provide suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Medical School, Nottingham, UK
| | - Abrar Babateen
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushari Alharbi
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Medical School, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Blossom Stephan
- Institute of Mental Health, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, UK
| | - Oliver Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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24
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Zheng L, Guo Y, Zhai X, Zhang Y, Chen W, Zhu Z, Xuan W, Li P. Perivascular macrophages in the CNS: From health to neurovascular diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1908-1920. [PMID: 36128654 PMCID: PMC9627394 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain perivascular macrophages (PVMs) are attracting increasing attention as this emerging cell population in the brain has multifaced roles in supporting the central nervous system structure, brain development, and maintaining physiological functions. They also widely participate in neurological diseases such as neurodegeneration and ischemic stroke. Moreover, PVMs have been reported to have both beneficial and detrimental effects under different pathological contexts. Advanced research technologies allowed the further in-depth study of PVMs and revealed novel concepts in their origins, differentiation, and regulatory mechanisms. Deepened understanding of the roles of PVMs in different brain pathological conditions can reveal novel phenotypic changes and regulatory signaling, which might pave the way for the development of novel treatment strategies targeting PVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yunlu Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaozhu Zhai
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yueman Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Weijie Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ziyu Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Xuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Peiying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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25
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Gao Y, Li D, Lin J, Thomas AM, Miao J, Chen D, Li S, Chu C. Cerebral small vessel disease: Pathological mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:961661. [PMID: 36034144 PMCID: PMC9412755 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.961661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) represents a diverse cluster of cerebrovascular diseases primarily affecting small arteries, capillaries, arterioles and venules. The diagnosis of CSVD relies on the identification of small subcortical infarcts, lacunes, white matter hyperintensities, perivascular spaces, and microbleeds using neuroimaging. CSVD is observed in 25% of strokes worldwide and is the most common pathology of cognitive decline and dementia in the elderly. Still, due to the poor understanding of pathophysiology in CSVD, there is not an effective preventative or therapeutic approach for CSVD. The most widely accepted approach to CSVD treatment is to mitigate vascular risk factors and adopt a healthier lifestyle. Thus, a deeper understanding of pathogenesis may foster more specific therapies. Here, we review the underlying mechanisms of pathological characteristics in CSVD development, with a focus on endothelial dysfunction, blood-brain barrier impairment and white matter change. We also describe inflammation in CSVD, whose role in contributing to CSVD pathology is gaining interest. Finally, we update the current treatments and preventative measures of CSVD, as well as discuss potential targets and novel strategies for CSVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- Department of Neurointervention and Neurological Intensive Care, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Di Li
- Department of Neurointervention and Neurological Intensive Care, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Jianwen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Aline M. Thomas
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institution, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jianyu Miao
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyan Chu
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Chengyan Chu,
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Chetla VS, Khurana A, Bommu S, Laxmi NA, Putty K, Banothu AK, Reddy KK, Bharani KK. Comparative evaluation of the effect of L-Arginine and L-Homoarginine supplementation on reproductive physiology in ewes. Res Vet Sci 2022; 149:159-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Singh A, Bodakhe SH. Resveratrol attenuates behavioural impairment associated with learning and memory in HFD-STZ induced diabetic rats. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4673-4691. [PMID: 35710260 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Literature have indicated that a high-fat diet (HFD) is a common risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its associated cognitive-impairments. Mounting evidence supports that, in the diabetic animal model, resveratrol (RSV, SIRT1-modulator) can regulate the fasting glucose and antioxidant levels, as well as the lipid profile, and may alleviate the cognitive-dysfunction associated with diabetes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Albino rats were fed 60% HFD-STZ (45mg/kg,i.p, single dose) to induce T2DM so that the experimental T2DM animal model could be used. After 14 weeks of the animals being in a confirmed diabetic condition, they were divided into various groups and treated with metformin(200mg/kg,i.p.) and RSV(50 and 100 mg/kg,i.p.) for four weeks. A multimodal approach involving oxidative-nitroso-stress, SIRT1, TGF-β1 levels, inflammation, cholinergic activity (serum, hippocampus, cerebral cortex), and a battery of behavioural studies associated with learning-memory were performed during and after the experimental-protocol. KEY RESULTS The administration of RSV significantly attenuated the increased glucose levels (pre, and post-prandial), impaired glucose tolerance, HbA1c, and decreased the body weights of the T2DM rats. Moreover, RSV ameliorated the impaired learning and memory-associated with increased SIRT1 and the decreased TGF-β1, TNF-α, oxidative-nitroso-stress and cholinergic activities in the serum and the brains of the T2DM-animals. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION Our investigations demonstrate that SIRT1-modulation can inter-play with TGF-β1 signalling, as well as mitigate hyperglycaemia and subsequent learning-memory impairments, in the T2DM-animals. Moreover, our study showed that novel therapeutic-targets, including TGF-β1, may add to our knowledge of RSV when used in the treatment of impaired memory-associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India.,Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Surendra H Bodakhe
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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28
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López-Cuenca I, Salobrar-García E, Sánchez-Puebla L, Espejel E, García del Arco L, Rojas P, Elvira-Hurtado L, Fernández-Albarral JA, Ramírez-Toraño F, Barabash A, Salazar JJ, Ramírez JM, de Hoz R, Ramírez AI. Retinal Vascular Study Using OCTA in Subjects at High Genetic Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease and Cardiovascular Risk Factors. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113248. [PMID: 35683633 PMCID: PMC9181641 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In 103 subjects with a high genetic risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), family history (FH) of AD and ApoE ɛ4 characterization (ApoE ɛ4)) were analyzed for changes in the retinal vascular network by OCTA (optical coherence tomography angiography), and AngioTool and Erlangen-Angio-Tool (EA-Tool) as imaging analysis software. Retinal vascularization was analyzed by measuring hypercholesterolemia (HCL) and high blood pressure (HBP). Angio-Tool showed a statistically significant higher percentage of area occupied by vessels in the FH+ ApoE ɛ4- group vs. in the FH+ ApoE ɛ4+ group, and EA-Tool showed statistically significant higher vascular densities in the C3 ring in the FH+ ApoE ɛ4+ group when compared with: i)FH- ApoE ɛ4- in sectors H3, H4, H10 and H11; and ii) FH+ ApoE ɛ4- in sectors H4 and H12. In participants with HCL and HBP, statistically significant changes were found, in particular using EA-Tool, both in the macular area, mainly in the deep plexus, and in the peripapillary area. In conclusion, OCTA in subjects with genetic risk factors for the development of AD showed an apparent increase in vascular density in some sectors of the retina, which was one of the first vascular changes detectable. These changes constitute a promising biomarker for monitoring the progression of pathological neuronal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés López-Cuenca
- Ramon Castroviejo Institute of Ophthalmologic Research, Group UCM 920105, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.-C.); (E.S.-G.); (L.S.-P.); (E.E.); (L.G.d.A.); (P.R.); (L.E.-H.); (J.A.F.-A.); (J.J.S.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Elena Salobrar-García
- Ramon Castroviejo Institute of Ophthalmologic Research, Group UCM 920105, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.-C.); (E.S.-G.); (L.S.-P.); (E.E.); (L.G.d.A.); (P.R.); (L.E.-H.); (J.A.F.-A.); (J.J.S.); (J.M.R.)
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Sánchez-Puebla
- Ramon Castroviejo Institute of Ophthalmologic Research, Group UCM 920105, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.-C.); (E.S.-G.); (L.S.-P.); (E.E.); (L.G.d.A.); (P.R.); (L.E.-H.); (J.A.F.-A.); (J.J.S.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Eva Espejel
- Ramon Castroviejo Institute of Ophthalmologic Research, Group UCM 920105, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.-C.); (E.S.-G.); (L.S.-P.); (E.E.); (L.G.d.A.); (P.R.); (L.E.-H.); (J.A.F.-A.); (J.J.S.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Lucía García del Arco
- Ramon Castroviejo Institute of Ophthalmologic Research, Group UCM 920105, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.-C.); (E.S.-G.); (L.S.-P.); (E.E.); (L.G.d.A.); (P.R.); (L.E.-H.); (J.A.F.-A.); (J.J.S.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Pilar Rojas
- Ramon Castroviejo Institute of Ophthalmologic Research, Group UCM 920105, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.-C.); (E.S.-G.); (L.S.-P.); (E.E.); (L.G.d.A.); (P.R.); (L.E.-H.); (J.A.F.-A.); (J.J.S.); (J.M.R.)
- Madrid Eye Institute, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Elvira-Hurtado
- Ramon Castroviejo Institute of Ophthalmologic Research, Group UCM 920105, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.-C.); (E.S.-G.); (L.S.-P.); (E.E.); (L.G.d.A.); (P.R.); (L.E.-H.); (J.A.F.-A.); (J.J.S.); (J.M.R.)
| | - José A. Fernández-Albarral
- Ramon Castroviejo Institute of Ophthalmologic Research, Group UCM 920105, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.-C.); (E.S.-G.); (L.S.-P.); (E.E.); (L.G.d.A.); (P.R.); (L.E.-H.); (J.A.F.-A.); (J.J.S.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Federico Ramírez-Toraño
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Technical University of Madrid, 28233 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Barabash
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine II, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J. Salazar
- Ramon Castroviejo Institute of Ophthalmologic Research, Group UCM 920105, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.-C.); (E.S.-G.); (L.S.-P.); (E.E.); (L.G.d.A.); (P.R.); (L.E.-H.); (J.A.F.-A.); (J.J.S.); (J.M.R.)
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Ramírez
- Ramon Castroviejo Institute of Ophthalmologic Research, Group UCM 920105, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.-C.); (E.S.-G.); (L.S.-P.); (E.E.); (L.G.d.A.); (P.R.); (L.E.-H.); (J.A.F.-A.); (J.J.S.); (J.M.R.)
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa de Hoz
- Ramon Castroviejo Institute of Ophthalmologic Research, Group UCM 920105, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.-C.); (E.S.-G.); (L.S.-P.); (E.E.); (L.G.d.A.); (P.R.); (L.E.-H.); (J.A.F.-A.); (J.J.S.); (J.M.R.)
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.d.H.); (A.I.R.)
| | - Ana I. Ramírez
- Ramon Castroviejo Institute of Ophthalmologic Research, Group UCM 920105, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.-C.); (E.S.-G.); (L.S.-P.); (E.E.); (L.G.d.A.); (P.R.); (L.E.-H.); (J.A.F.-A.); (J.J.S.); (J.M.R.)
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.d.H.); (A.I.R.)
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29
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Aczel D, Gyorgy B, Bakonyi P, BukhAri R, Pinho R, Boldogh I, Yaodong G, Radak Z. The Systemic Effects of Exercise on the Systemic Effects of Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11051028. [PMID: 35624892 PMCID: PMC9137920 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11051028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disorder and a leading cause of dementia in the elderly. The etiology of AD is multifactorial, including an increased oxidative state, deposition of amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles of the tau protein. The formation of amyloid plaques is considered one of the first signs of the illness, but only in the central nervous system (CNS). Interestingly, results indicate that AD is not just localized in the brain but is also found in organs distant from the brain, such as the cardiovascular system, gut microbiome, liver, testes, and kidney. These observations make AD a complex systemic disorder. Still, no effective medications have been found, but regular physical activity has been considered to have a positive impact on this challenging disease. While several articles have been published on the benefits of physical activity on AD development in the CNS, its peripheral effects have not been discussed in detail. The provocative question arising is the following: is it possible that the beneficial effects of regular exercise on AD are due to the systemic impact of training, rather than just the effects of exercise on the brain? If so, does this mean that the level of fitness of these peripheral organs can directly or indirectly influence the incidence or progress of AD? Therefore, the present paper aims to summarize the systemic effects of both regular exercise and AD and point out how common exercise-induced adaptation via peripheral organs can decrease the incidence of AD or attenuate the progress of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Aczel
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, 1123 Budapest, Hungary; (D.A.); (B.G.); (P.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Bernadett Gyorgy
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, 1123 Budapest, Hungary; (D.A.); (B.G.); (P.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Peter Bakonyi
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, 1123 Budapest, Hungary; (D.A.); (B.G.); (P.B.); (R.B.)
| | - RehAn BukhAri
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, 1123 Budapest, Hungary; (D.A.); (B.G.); (P.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Ricardo Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil;
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Gu Yaodong
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, 1123 Budapest, Hungary; (D.A.); (B.G.); (P.B.); (R.B.)
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-1-3565764; Fax: +36-1-3566337
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30
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Zhu WM, Neuhaus A, Beard DJ, Sutherland BA, DeLuca GC. Neurovascular coupling mechanisms in health and neurovascular uncoupling in Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2022; 145:2276-2292. [PMID: 35551356 PMCID: PMC9337814 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To match the metabolic demands of the brain, mechanisms have evolved to couple neuronal activity to vasodilation, thus increasing local cerebral blood flow and delivery of oxygen and glucose to active neurons. Rather than relying on metabolic feedback signals such as the consumption of oxygen or glucose, the main signalling pathways rely on the release of vasoactive molecules by neurons and astrocytes, which act on contractile cells. Vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes are the contractile cells associated with arterioles and capillaries, respectively, which relax and induce vasodilation. Much progress has been made in understanding the complex signalling pathways of neurovascular coupling, but issues such as the contributions of capillary pericytes and astrocyte calcium signal remain contentious. Study of neurovascular coupling mechanisms is especially important as cerebral blood flow dysregulation is a prominent feature of Alzheimer’s disease. In this article we will discuss developments and controversies in the understanding of neurovascular coupling and finish by discussing current knowledge concerning neurovascular uncoupling in Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston M Zhu
- Oxford Medical School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ain Neuhaus
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel J Beard
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Brad A Sutherland
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Gabriele C DeLuca
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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31
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Role of Molecular Hydrogen in Ageing and Ageing-Related Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2249749. [PMID: 35340218 PMCID: PMC8956398 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2249749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is a physiological process of progressive decline in the organism function over time. It affects every organ in the body and is a significant risk for chronic diseases. Molecular hydrogen has therapeutic and preventive effects on various organs. It has antioxidative properties as it directly neutralizes hydroxyl radicals and reduces peroxynitrite level. It also activates Nrf2 and HO-1, which regulate many antioxidant enzymes and proteasomes. Through its antioxidative effect, hydrogen maintains genomic stability, mitigates cellular senescence, and takes part in histone modification, telomere maintenance, and proteostasis. In addition, hydrogen may prevent inflammation and regulate the nutrient-sensing mTOR system, autophagy, apoptosis, and mitochondria, which are all factors related to ageing. Hydrogen can also be used for prevention and treatment of various ageing-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, diabetes, and cancer. This paper reviews the basic research and recent application of hydrogen in order to support hydrogen use in medicine for ageing prevention and ageing-related disease therapy.
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32
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Di Pietro P, Carrizzo A, Sommella E, Oliveti M, Iacoviello L, Di Castelnuovo A, Acernese F, Damato A, De Lucia M, Merciai F, Iesu P, Venturini E, Izzo R, Trimarco V, Ciccarelli M, Giugliano G, Carnevale R, Cammisotto V, Migliarino S, Virtuoso N, Strianese A, Izzo V, Campiglia P, Ciaglia E, Levkau B, Puca AA, Vecchione C. Targeting the ASMase/S1P pathway protects from sortilin-evoked vascular damage in hypertension. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:146343. [PMID: 35104805 PMCID: PMC8803332 DOI: 10.1172/jci146343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sortilin has been positively correlated with vascular disorders in humans. No study has yet evaluated the possible direct effect of sortilin on vascular function. We used pharmacological and genetic approaches coupled with study of murine and human samples to unravel the mechanisms recruited by sortilin in the vascular system. Sortilin induced endothelial dysfunction of mesenteric arteries through NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) isoform activation, dysfunction that was prevented by knockdown of acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) or sphingosine kinase 1. In vivo, recombinant sortilin administration induced arterial hypertension in WT mice. In contrast, genetic deletion of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1P3) and gp91phox/NOX2 resulted in preservation of endothelial function and blood pressure homeostasis after 14 days of systemic sortilin administration. Translating these research findings into the clinical setting, we detected elevated sortilin levels in hypertensive patients with endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, in a population-based cohort of 270 subjects, we showed increased plasma ASMase activity and increased plasma levels of sortilin, S1P, and soluble NOX2-derived peptide (sNOX2-dp) in hypertensive subjects, and the increase was more pronounced in hypertensive subjects with uncontrolled blood pressure. Our studies reveal what we believe is a previously unrecognized role of sortilin in the impairment of vascular function and in blood pressure homeostasis and suggest the potential of sortilin and its mediators as biomarkers for the prediction of vascular dysfunction and high blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,Department of Vascular Physiopathology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Eduardo Sommella
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Marco Oliveti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Fausto Acernese
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Antonio Damato
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Merciai
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.,PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Paola Iesu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Izzo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giugliano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy.,Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Speciality Paride Stefanini, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Migliarino
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Virtuoso
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Andrea Strianese
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Viviana Izzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.,European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy
| | - Elena Ciaglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Bodo Levkau
- Institute for Molecular Medicine III, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical Faculty, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annibale A Puca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,Ageing Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,Department of Vascular Physiopathology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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Guan B, Zhao L, Ma D, Fan Y, Zhang H, Wang A, Xu H. The Effect of Ticagrelor on Endothelial Function Compared to Prasugrel, Clopidogrel, and Placebo: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:820604. [PMID: 35155620 PMCID: PMC8826068 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.820604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Endothelial dysfunction is associated with the long-term outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Recent evidence suggests that ticagrelor, a potent antiplatelet agent, improves endothelial function. However, several studies demonstrated contrasting results. The objective of this meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of ticagrelor treatment on endothelial function. Materials and Methods A systematic literature study was conducted on databases including PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. A historical search was performed for a reference list of the selected studies as of August 2021. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were assessed using the Cochrane tool. The weighted mean difference (WMD) 95% CI was treated as the overall effect size, and data were pooled using the fixed-effect model or random-effect model according to the heterogeneity. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to measure the effects of potential confounders. Results A total of 21 studies were included. The meta-analysis indicated that ticagrelor resulted in a significant increase of flow-mediated dilation (FMD) (WMD: 1.48; 95% CI: 0.36, 2.60), reactive hyperemia index (RHI) (WMD: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.13), and circulating progenitor endothelial cells (CEPCs) (WMD: 13.84; 95% CI: 5.70, 21.98), and a reduction in the index of microvascular resistance (IMR) (WMD: −15.39; 95% CI: −25.11, −5.68). Conclusion Ticagrelor has a significant effect on some markers of endothelial function in patients with CAD. However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the heterogeneity and limited studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyi Guan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Fan
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Anlu Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
- Anlu Wang
| | - Hao Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Xu
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34
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Jun G, Yong Y, Lu L, Gao H, Yin Z, Wei P, Sun L, Ruan W, Zou Y, He H, Song W, Tong Q, Wang X, Wang Y, Song J. Electroacupuncture treatment ameliorated the long-term cognitive impairment via activating eNOS/NO pathway and related Aβ downregulation in sepsis-survivor mice. Physiol Behav 2022; 243:113646. [PMID: 34780728 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sepsis is a major challenge in intensive care unit worldwide and the septic survivors are left with long-term cognitive deficits. This work aims to explore the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on long-term cognitive function and its underlying mechanism in sepsis-survivor mice. METHODS Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture in C57BL/6 male mice. Seven days post-surgery, sepsis-survivor mice were treated with EA or nonacupoint EA for 17 days twice daily. Then, cognitive function was evaluated by Morris water maze task. The hippocampus tissue were collected from the mice at 30 days post-surgery. The level of nitric oxide and the expression of endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS), phospho-eNOS (p-eNOS), and amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) were measured. RESULTS Compared with the sham-operated control, sepsis-survivors had significant cognitive deficits evidenced by the increased time of escape latency and reduced crossing number in Morris water maze task, as well as lower NO and p-eNOS level and higher Aβ level. EA treatment at GV20 and ST36 acupoints but not at a nonacupoint improved the cognitive function, increased the NO and p-eNOS level, and decreased Aβ generation; while eNOS inhibitor (l-NAME) undermined the efficacy of EA treatment. CONCLUSION In conclusion, repeated EA treatment could ameliorate the long-term cognitive impairment via manipulating the expression of p-eNOS and related Aβ in sepsis-survivor mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Jun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yue Yong
- Research Institute of Acupuncture Anesthesia, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Liyue Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hao Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyu Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Pan Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Long Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wenqing Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yinghua Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - He He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyu Tong
- Research Institute of Acupuncture Anesthesia, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiongbiao Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Jiangang Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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35
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Ao L, Xie Y. Research advance in the mechanism for oxidative stress-induced podocyte injury in diabetic kidney disease. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 46:1403-1408. [PMID: 35232911 PMCID: PMC10930572 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2021.210199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), and it is also the leading cause for the end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), but the clinical treatment for it is limited at present. The pathogenesis of DKD is complex. Many studies have shown that podocyte injury is the core event of DKD, and oxidative stress is closely related to podocyte injury in DKD. Oxidative stress mediates podocyte apoptosis and slit diaphragm damage in DKD through various pathways. The antioxidant drugs can slow down the progression of DKD through reducing podocyte injury and are expected to enter clinical trials. The research status of antioxidant drugs is very important, which will provide new strategies for the clinical treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Ao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Orgean Fabrosis Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Yanyun Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Orgean Fabrosis Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China.
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Yuan M, Wang Y, Wang S, Huang Z, Jin F, Zou Q, Li J, Pu Y, Cai Z. Bioenergetic Impairment in the Neuro-Glia-Vascular Unit: An Emerging Physiopathology during Aging. Aging Dis 2021; 12:2080-2095. [PMID: 34881087 PMCID: PMC8612602 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.04017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging concept termed the "neuro-glia-vascular unit" (NGVU) has been established in recent years to understand the complicated mechanism of multicellular interactions among vascular cells, glial cells, and neurons. It has been proverbially reported that the NGVU is significantly associated with neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Physiological aging is an inevitable progression associated with oxidative damage, bioenergetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation, which is partially similar to the pathology of AD. Thus, senescence is regarded as the background for the development of neurodegenerative diseases. With the exacerbation of global aging, senescence is an increasingly serious problem in the medical field. In this review, the coupling of each component, including neurons, glial cells, and vascular cells, in the NGVU is described in detail. Then, various mechanisms of age-dependent impairment in each part of the NGVU are discussed. Moreover, the potential bioenergetic alterations between different cell types in the NGVU are highlighted, which seems to be an emerging physiopathology associated with the aged brain. Bioenergetic intervention in the NGVU may be a new direction for studies on delaying or diminishing aging in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Yuan
- 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,2Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,4Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengyuan Wang
- 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,2Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,4Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenting Huang
- 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Jin
- 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,2Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zou
- 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Li
- 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinshuang Pu
- 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyou Cai
- 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,2Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,4Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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37
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Russin KJ, Nair KS, Montine TJ, Baker LD, Craft S. Diet Effects on Cerebrospinal Fluid Amino Acids Levels in Adults with Normal Cognition and Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:843-853. [PMID: 34602470 PMCID: PMC8673538 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Exploration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amino acids and the impact of dietary intake on central levels may provide a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic component of Alzheimer’s disease. Objective: The objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the effects of two diets with varied nutrient compositions on change in CSF amino acids levels in adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and normal cognition (NC). Secondary objectives were to assess the correlations between the change in CSF amino acids and change in Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers. Methods: In a randomized, parallel, controlled feeding trial, adults (NC, n = 20; MCI, n = 29) consumed a high saturated fat (SFA)/glycemic index (GI) diet [HIGH] or a low SFA/GI diet [LOW] for 4 weeks. Lumbar punctures were performed at baseline and 4 weeks. Results: CSF valine increased and arginine decreased after the HIGH compared to the LOW diet in MCI (ps = 0.03 and 0.04). This pattern was more prominent in MCI versus NC (diet by diagnosis interaction ps = 0.05 and 0.09), as was an increase in isoleucine after the HIGH diet (p = 0.05). Changes in CSF amino acids were correlated with changes in Alzheimer’s disease CSF biomarkers Aβ42, total tau, and p-Tau 181, with distinct patterns in the relationships by diet intervention and cognitive status. Conclusion: Dietary intake affects CSF amino acid levels and the response to diet is differentially affected by cognitive status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate J Russin
- Department of Internal Medicine- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Laura D Baker
- Department of Internal Medicine- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Internal Medicine- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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38
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Claassen JAHR, Thijssen DHJ, Panerai RB, Faraci FM. Regulation of cerebral blood flow in humans: physiology and clinical implications of autoregulation. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:1487-1559. [PMID: 33769101 PMCID: PMC8576366 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain function critically depends on a close matching between metabolic demands, appropriate delivery of oxygen and nutrients, and removal of cellular waste. This matching requires continuous regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF), which can be categorized into four broad topics: 1) autoregulation, which describes the response of the cerebrovasculature to changes in perfusion pressure; 2) vascular reactivity to vasoactive stimuli [including carbon dioxide (CO2)]; 3) neurovascular coupling (NVC), i.e., the CBF response to local changes in neural activity (often standardized cognitive stimuli in humans); and 4) endothelium-dependent responses. This review focuses primarily on autoregulation and its clinical implications. To place autoregulation in a more precise context, and to better understand integrated approaches in the cerebral circulation, we also briefly address reactivity to CO2 and NVC. In addition to our focus on effects of perfusion pressure (or blood pressure), we describe the impact of select stimuli on regulation of CBF (i.e., arterial blood gases, cerebral metabolism, neural mechanisms, and specific vascular cells), the interrelationships between these stimuli, and implications for regulation of CBF at the level of large arteries and the microcirculation. We review clinical implications of autoregulation in aging, hypertension, stroke, mild cognitive impairment, anesthesia, and dementias. Finally, we discuss autoregulation in the context of common daily physiological challenges, including changes in posture (e.g., orthostatic hypotension, syncope) and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgen A H R Claassen
- Department of Geriatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ronney B Panerai
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- >National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Frank M Faraci
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Neuroscience, and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Wan T, Fu M, Jiang Y, Jiang W, Li P, Zhou S. Research Progress on Mechanism of Neuroprotective Roles of Apelin-13 in Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:205-217. [PMID: 34518975 PMCID: PMC8436866 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. Currently, more than 50 million people live with dementia worldwide, and this number is expected to increase. Some of the typical pathological changes of AD include amyloid plaque, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, secretion of inflammatory mediators, and neuronal apoptosis. Apelin is a neuroprotective peptide that is widely expressed in the body. Among members of apelin family, apelin-13 is the most abundant with a high neuroprotective function. Apelin-13/angiotensin domain type 1 receptor-associated proteins (APJ) system regulates several physiological and pathophysiological cell activities, such as apoptosis, autophagy, synaptic plasticity, and neuroinflammation. It has also been shown to prevent AD development. This article reviews the research progress on the relationship between apelin-13 and AD to provide new ideas for prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China.,Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Mingyuan Fu
- Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423043, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Peiling Li
- Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Shouhong Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China. .,Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China.
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40
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Hess DC, Khan MB, Kamat P, Vaibhav K, Dhandapani KM, Baban B, Waller JL, Hoda MN, Blauenfeldt RA, Andersen G. Conditioning medicine for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. CONDITIONING MEDICINE 2021; 4:124-129. [PMID: 34414362 PMCID: PMC8372992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a promising safe, feasible, and inexpensive treatment for acute stroke, both ischemic and hemorrhagic. It is applied with a blood pressure cuff on the limbs and is ideal for the prehospital setting. RIC is a form of preconditioning with similarities to physical exercise. Its mechanisms of action are multiple and include improvement of collateral cerebral blood flow (CBF) and RIC acts as a "collateral therapeutic". The increased CBF is likely related to nitric oxide synthase 3 in the endothelium and more importantly in circulating blood cells like the red blood cell. The RESIST clinical trial is a 1500 subject multicenter, randomized, sham-controlled trial of RIC in the prehospital setting in Denmark and should address the questions of whether RIC is safe and effective in acute stroke and whether the effect is mediated by an effect on nitric oxide/nitrite metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Hess
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | | | - Pradip Kamat
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | - Kumar Vaibhav
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | | | - Babak Baban
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | | | - Md Nasrul Hoda
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Rolf Ankerlund Blauenfeldt
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital and Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Grethe Andersen
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital and Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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41
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An L, Shen Y, Chopp M, Zacharek A, Venkat P, Chen Z, Li W, Qian Y, Landschoot-Ward J, Chen J. Deficiency of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Exacerbates Brain Damage and Cognitive Deficit in A Mouse Model of Vascular Dementia. Aging Dis 2021; 12:732-746. [PMID: 34094639 PMCID: PMC8139201 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular Dementia (VaD) accounts for nearly 20% of all cases of dementia. eNOS plays an important role in neurovascular remodeling, anti-inflammation, and cognitive functional recovery after stroke. In this study, we investigated whether eNOS regulates brain damage, cognitive function in mouse model of bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) induced VaD. Late-adult (6-8 months) C57BL/6J and eNOS knockout (eNOS-/-) mice were subjected to BCAS (n=12/group) or sham group (n=8/group). BCAS was performed by applying microcoils to both common carotid arteries. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and blood pressure were measured. A battery of cognitive functional tests was performed, and mice were sacrificed 30 days after BCAS. Compared to corresponding sham mice, BCAS in wild-type (WT) and eNOS-/- mice significantly: 1) induces short term, long term memory loss, spatial learning and memory deficits; 2) decreases CBF, increases ischemic cell damage, including apoptosis, white matter (WM) and axonal damage; 3) increases blood brain barrier (BBB) leakage, decreases aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression and vessel density; 4) increases microglial, astrocyte activation and oxidative stress in the brain; 5) increases inflammatory factor interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1(IRAK-1) and amyloid beta (Aβ) expression in brain; 6) increases IL-6 and IRAK4 expression in brain. eNOS-/-sham mice exhibit increased blood pressure, decreased iNOS and nNOS in brain compared to WT-sham mice. Compared to WT-BCAS mice, eNOS-/-BCAS mice exhibit worse vascular and WM/axonal damage, increased BBB leakage and inflammatory response, increased cognitive deficit, decreased iNOS, nNOS in brain. eNOS deficit exacerbates BCAS induced brain damage and cognitive deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu An
- 1Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI-48202, USA
| | - Yi Shen
- 1Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI-48202, USA.,2Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (Current address)
| | - Michael Chopp
- 1Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI-48202, USA.,3Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI-48309, USA
| | - Alex Zacharek
- 1Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI-48202, USA
| | - Poornima Venkat
- 1Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI-48202, USA
| | - Zhili Chen
- 1Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI-48202, USA
| | - Wei Li
- 1Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI-48202, USA
| | - Yu Qian
- 1Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI-48202, USA
| | | | - Jieli Chen
- 1Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI-48202, USA
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42
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Baranowski BJ, Allen MD, Nyarko JN, Rector RS, Padilla J, Mousseau DD, Rau CD, Wang Y, Laughlin MH, Emter CA, MacPherson RE, Olver TD. Cerebrovascular insufficiency and amyloidogenic signaling in Ossabaw swine with cardiometabolic heart failure. JCI Insight 2021; 6:143141. [PMID: 34027891 PMCID: PMC8262360 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with heart failure (HF) frequently present with comorbidities, including obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Many patients with HF experience cardiogenic dementia, yet the pathophysiology of this disease remains poorly understood. Using a swine model of cardiometabolic HF (Western diet+aortic banding; WD-AB), we tested the hypothesis that WD-AB would promote a multidementia phenotype involving cerebrovascular dysfunction alongside evidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. The results provide evidence of cerebrovascular insufficiency coupled with neuroinflammation and amyloidosis in swine with experimental cardiometabolic HF. Although cardiac ejection fraction was normal, indices of arterial compliance and cerebral blood flow were reduced, and cerebrovascular regulation was impaired in the WD-AB group. Cerebrovascular dysfunction occurred concomitantly with increased MAPK signaling and amyloidogenic processing (i.e., increased APP, BACE1, CTF, and Aβ40 in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus) in the WD-AB group. Transcriptomic profiles of the stellate ganglia revealed the WD-AB group displayed an enrichment of gene networks associated with MAPK/ERK signaling, AD, frontotemporal dementia, and a number of behavioral phenotypes implicated in cognitive impairment. These provide potentially novel evidence from a swine model that cerebrovascular and neuronal pathologies likely both contribute to the dementia profile in a setting of cardiometabolic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J Baranowski
- Department of Health Sciences and.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matti D Allen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Nk Nyarko
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - R Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Darrell D Mousseau
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Christoph D Rau
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yibin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - M Harold Laughlin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Craig A Emter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Rebecca Ek MacPherson
- Department of Health Sciences and.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Dylan Olver
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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43
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Hsieh YS, Shin YK, Seol GH. Protection of the neurovascular unit from calcium-related ischemic injury by linalyl acetate. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2021; 64:88-96. [PMID: 33938819 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_94_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium-related ischemic injury (CRII) can damage cells of the neurovascular unit (NVU). Here, we investigate the protective effects of linalyl acetate (LA) against CRII-induced NVU damage and evaluate the underlying mechanisms. The protective effects of LA in cell lines representative of NVU components (BEND, SH-SY5Y, BV2, and U373 cells) were evaluated following exposure to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation alone (OGD/R-only) or OGD/R in the presence of 5 mM extracellular calcium ([Ca2+]o) to mimic CRII. LA reversed damage under OGD/R-only conditions by blocking p47phox/NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2 expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, nitric oxide (NO) abnormality, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release only in the BEND cells. However, under CRII-mimicking conditions, LA reversed NO abnormality and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activation in the BEND murine brain endothelial cells; inhibited p47phox expression in the human SH-SY5Y neural-like cells; decreased NOX2 expression and ROS generation in the BV2 murine microglial cells; and reduced p47phox expression in the U373 human astrocyte-like cells. Importantly, LA protected against impairment of the neural cells, astrocytes, and microglia, all of which are cellular components of the NVU induced by exposure to CRII-mimicking conditions, by reducing LDH release. We found that LA exerted a protective effect in the BEND cells that may differ from its protective effects in other NVU cell types, following OGD/R-induced damage in the context of elevated [Ca2+]o.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shan Hsieh
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You Kyoung Shin
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Hee Seol
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing; BK21 FOUR Program of Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhu HY, Hong FF, Yang SL. The Roles of Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide Pathway in the Pathology of Vascular Dementia and Related Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094540. [PMID: 33926146 PMCID: PMC8123648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia worldwide. It is caused by cerebrovascular disease, and patients often show severe impairments of advanced cognitive abilities. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) play vital roles in the pathogenesis of VaD. The functions of NO are determined by its concentration and bioavailability, which are regulated by NOS activity. The activities of different NOS subtypes in the brain are partitioned. Pathologically, endothelial NOS is inactivated, which causes insufficient NO production and aggravates oxidative stress before inducing cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction, while neuronal NOS is overactive and can produce excessive NO to cause neurotoxicity. Meanwhile, inflammation stimulates the massive expression of inducible NOS, which also produces excessive NO and then induces neuroinflammation. The vicious circle of these kinds of damage having impacts on each other finally leads to VaD. This review summarizes the roles of the NOS/NO pathway in the pathology of VaD and also proposes some potential therapeutic methods that target this pathway in the hope of inspiring novel ideas for VaD therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang 330006, China;
- Queen Marry College, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fen-Fang Hong
- Teaching Center, Department of Experimental, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: (F.-F.H.); (S.-L.Y.)
| | - Shu-Long Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang 330006, China;
- Correspondence: (F.-F.H.); (S.-L.Y.)
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45
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Pedard M, Quirié A, Tessier A, Garnier P, Totoson P, Demougeot C, Marie C. A reconciling hypothesis centred on brain-derived neurotrophic factor to explain neuropsychiatric manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:1608-1619. [PMID: 33313832 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease characterized by synovitis leading to joint destruction, pain and disability. Despite efficient antirheumatic drugs, neuropsychiatric troubles including depression and cognitive dysfunction are common in RA but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. However, converging evidence strongly suggests that deficit in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signalling contributes to impaired cognition and depression. Therefore, this review summarizes the current knowledge on BDNF in RA, proposes possible mechanisms linking RA and brain BDNF deficiency including neuroinflammation, cerebral endothelial dysfunction and sedentary behaviour, and discusses neuromuscular electrical stimulation as an attractive therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pedard
- INSERM U1093, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Aurore Quirié
- INSERM U1093, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Anne Tessier
- INSERM U1093, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Philippe Garnier
- INSERM U1093, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Perle Totoson
- EA4267 PEPITE, FHU INCREASE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, F-25030, France
| | - Céline Demougeot
- EA4267 PEPITE, FHU INCREASE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, F-25030, France
| | - Christine Marie
- INSERM U1093, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, F-21000, France
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46
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Martínez-González K, Serrano-Cuevas L, Almeida-Gutiérrez E, Flores-Chavez S, Mejía-Aranguré JM, Garcia-delaTorre P. Citrulline supplementation improves spatial memory in a murine model for Alzheimer's disease. Nutrition 2021; 90:111248. [PMID: 33940559 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease (AD) correlates with the dysfunction of metabolic pathways that translates into neurological symptoms. An arginine deficiency, a precursor of nitric oxide (NO), has been reported for patients with AD. We aimed to evaluate the effect of citrulline oral supplementation on cognitive decline in an AD murine model. METHODS Three-month citrulline or water supplementation was blindly given to male and female wild-type and 3 × Tg mice with AD trained and tested in the Morris water maze. Cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue were collected. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography was used for arginine determinations and the Griess method for NO. RESULTS Eight-month-old male 3 × Tg mice with AD supplemented with citrulline performed significantly better in the Morris water maze task. Arginine levels increased in the cerebrospinal fluid although no changes were seen in brain tissue and only a tendency of increase of NO was observed. CONCLUSIONS Citrulline oral administration is a viable treatment for memory improvement in the early stages of AD, pointing to NO as a viable, efficient target for memory dysfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Martínez-González
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio A, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Distrito Federal, México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
| | - Leonor Serrano-Cuevas
- Coordinación de Unidades Médicas, División de Evaluación y Rendición de Cuentas de los Procesos de Atención Médica en Unidades Médicas de Alta Especialidad, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México
| | - Eduardo Almeida-Gutiérrez
- Head of Medical Education and Research, Hospital de Cardiología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México
| | - Salvador Flores-Chavez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México
| | | | - Paola Garcia-delaTorre
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México.
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Lv D, Luo M, Yan J, Yang X, Luo S. Protective Effect of Sirtuin 3 on CLP-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction of Early Sepsis by Inhibiting NF-κB and NLRP3 Signaling Pathways. Inflammation 2021; 44:1782-1792. [PMID: 33770326 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been revealed that widespread vascular endothelial dysfunction occurs in septic shock, ultimately resulting in multiple organ failure. The mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is essential in the regulation of metabolism, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether SIRT3 is associated with the pathological progression of endothelial dysfunction in sepsis. Septic shock model was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery on wild-type C57BL/6 mice. We activated and inhibited the function of SIRT3 with honokiol (HKL) and 3-TYP, respectively, and then biochemical, inflammatory, and endothelial function parameters of vascular tissue and survival were determined after CLP. CLP significantly activated NF-κB and NLRP3 pathways and decreased survival rate, endothelium-dependent relaxation function, and expression of Ser1177 phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS). The activation of SIRT3 significantly attenuated the increases of NF-κB and NLRP3 pathways and the declines of p-eNOS, endothelium-dependent relaxation function, and survival rate in septic mice. However, it presented exactly opposite results if SIRT3 was suppressed. We suggested that SIRT3 had a critical protective effect against vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in early sepsis. Our data support a potential therapeutic target in vascular dysfunction and septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyi Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Minghao Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jianghong Yan
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiyang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Suxin Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Cai ZL, Liu C, Yao Q, Xie QW, Hu TT, Wu QQ, Tang QZ. The pro-migration and anti-apoptosis effects of HMGA2 in HUVECs stimulated by hypoxia. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:3534-3545. [PMID: 33315504 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1850970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group AT-hook2 (HMGA2), serving as an architectural transcription factor, participates in plenty of biological processes. Our study is aimed at illustrating the effect of HMGA2 on hypoxia-induced HUVEC injury and the underlying mechanism. To induce hypoxia-related cell injury, HUVECs were exposed to hypoxic condition for 12-24 h. Molecular expression was determined by Western blot analysis, real-time PCR and immunofluorescence staining. Cell migration was monitored by wound healing assay and Transwell chamber assay. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by MTT assay kits and TUNEL staining. In this study, we discovered that HMGA2 was upregulated in hypoxia-induced HUVECs. Overexpression of HMGA2 promoted cell migration, decreased the apoptosis ratio in response to hypoxia stimulation, while HMGA2 knockdown inhibited cell migration and accelerated apoptosis in HUVECs under hypoxic condition. Mechanistically, we found that HMGA2 induced increased expression of HIF-1α,VEGF, eNOS and AKT. eNOS knockdown significantly reduced HMGA2-mediated pro-migration effects, and AKT knockdown strikingly counteracted HMGA2-mediated anti-apoptotic effect. Hence, our data indicated that HMGA2 promoted cell migration by regulating HIF-1α/VGEF/eNOS signaling and prevented cell apoptosis by activating HIF-1α/VGEF/AKT signaling in HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Lan Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases , Wuhan, RP China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases , Wuhan, RP China
| | - Qi Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases , Wuhan, RP China
| | - Qing-We Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases , Wuhan, RP China
| | - Tong-Tong Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases , Wuhan, RP China
| | - Qing-Qing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases , Wuhan, RP China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases , Wuhan, RP China
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Martín MA, Goya L, de Pascual-Teresa S. Effect of Cocoa and Cocoa Products on Cognitive Performance in Young Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123691. [PMID: 33265948 PMCID: PMC7760676 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence support a beneficial role of cocoa and cocoa products on human cognition, particularly in aging populations and patients at risk. However, thorough reviews on the efficacy of cocoa on brain processes in young adults do not exist precisely due to the limited number of studies in the matter. Thus, the aim of this study was to summarize the findings on the acute and chronic effects of cocoa administration on cognitive functions and brain health in young adults. Web of Science and PubMed databases were used to search for relevant trials. Human randomized controlled studies were selected according to PRISMA guidelines. Eleven intervention studies that involved a total of 366 participants investigating the role of cocoa on cognitive performance in children and young adults (average age ≤ 25 years old) were finally selected. Findings from individual studies confirm that acute and chronic cocoa intake have a positive effect on several cognitive outcomes. After acute consumption, these beneficial effects seem to be accompanied with an increase in cerebral blood flow or cerebral blood oxygenation. After chronic intake of cocoa flavanols in young adults, a better cognitive performance was found together with increased levels of neurotrophins. This systematic review further supports the beneficial effect of cocoa flavanols on cognitive function and neuroplasticity and indicates that such benefits are possible in early adulthood.
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Notch1-mediated inflammation is associated with endothelial dysfunction in human brain microvascular endothelial cells upon particulate matter exposure. Arch Toxicol 2020; 95:529-540. [PMID: 33159583 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02942-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is an emerging risk factor for the pathogenesis of several diseases in humans, including cerebrovascular diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying PM-induced endothelial dysfunction are currently unclear. In this study, we examined how PM leads to endothelial dysfunction in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). We demonstrated that PM10 exposure (up to 25 μg/mL) increase Notch1 cleavage, and it regulates endothelial dysfunction through NICD-mediated inflammation and senescence. PM10-induced NICD signaling causes increased expression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and enhances characteristics of cellular senescence, which leads to increased endothelial permeability in HBMECs. Knockdown of Notch1 by siRNA blocks PM10-induced endothelial dysfunction via the suppression of inflammation and senescence. Furthermore, we found that Notch1-mediated inflammation accelerates endothelial senescence, which eventually leads to endothelial dysfunction. Altogether, our data suggest that Notch1 and NICD are potential target regulators for the prevention of cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction induced by ambient air pollutants such as PM.
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