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Jiao T, Chen Y, Sun H, Yang L. Targeting ferroptosis as a potential prevention and treatment strategy for aging-related diseases. Pharmacol Res 2024; 208:107370. [PMID: 39181344 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, an emerging paradigm of programmed cellular necrosis posited in recent years, manifests across a spectrum of maladies with profound implications for human well-being. Numerous investigations substantiate that modulating ferroptosis, whether through inhibition or augmentation, plays a pivotal role in the etiology and control of numerous age-related afflictions, encompassing neurological, circulatory, respiratory, and other disorders. This paper not only summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis, but also discusses the impact of ferroptosis on the biological processes of aging and its role in age-related diseases. Furthermore, it scrutinizes recent therapeutic strides in addressing aging-related conditions through the modulation of ferroptosis. The paper consolidates the existing knowledge on potential applications of ferroptosis-related pharmacotherapies and envisages the translational prospects of ferroptosis-targeted interventions in clinical paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwei Jiao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Yiman Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China.
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Department of International Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China.
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Colucci F, Barca S, Cilia R, De Franco V, Elia AE, Golfrè Andreasi N, Romito L, Telese R, Braccia A, Leta V, Grisoli M, Panteghini C, Garavaglia B, Devigili G, Eleopra R. Aceruloplasminemia: Unique Clinical and MRI Findings in a Patient with a Novel Frameshift Mutation. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2024; 11 Suppl 2:S14-S16. [PMID: 38400595 PMCID: PMC11322588 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.14000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Colucci
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesParkinson and Movement Disorders UnitMilanItaly
- Department of Neuroscience and RehabilitationUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Silvia Barca
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Roberto Cilia
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesParkinson and Movement Disorders UnitMilanItaly
| | - Valentino De Franco
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological SciencesUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Antonio E. Elia
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesParkinson and Movement Disorders UnitMilanItaly
| | - Nico Golfrè Andreasi
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesParkinson and Movement Disorders UnitMilanItaly
| | - Luigi Romito
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesParkinson and Movement Disorders UnitMilanItaly
| | - Roberta Telese
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesParkinson and Movement Disorders UnitMilanItaly
| | - Arianna Braccia
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesParkinson and Movement Disorders UnitMilanItaly
| | - Valentina Leta
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesParkinson and Movement Disorders UnitMilanItaly
| | - Marina Grisoli
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Department of NeurosurgeryFunctional Neurosurgery Unit; MilanoMilanoItaly
| | - Celeste Panteghini
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Unit of Medical Genetics and NeurogeneticsMilanItaly
| | - Barbara Garavaglia
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Unit of Medical Genetics and NeurogeneticsMilanItaly
| | - Grazia Devigili
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesParkinson and Movement Disorders UnitMilanItaly
| | - Roberto Eleopra
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesParkinson and Movement Disorders UnitMilanItaly
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Kumfu S, Sripetchwandee J, Thonusin C, Sumneang N, Maneechote C, Arunsak B, Chunchai T, Oo TT, Kongkaew A, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Ferroptosis inhibitor improves cardiac function more effectively than inhibitors of apoptosis and necroptosis through cardiac mitochondrial protection in rats with iron-overloaded cardiomyopathy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 479:116727. [PMID: 37863361 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Iron overload cardiomyopathy (IOC) is the leading cause of death in cases of iron overload in patients. Previous studies demonstrated that iron overload led to cardiomyocyte dysfunction and death through multiple pathways including apoptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis. However, the dominant cell death pathway in the iron-overloaded heart needs clarification. We tested the hypothesis that ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death, plays a dominant role in IOC, and ferroptosis inhibitor exerts greater efficacy than inhibitors of apoptosis and necroptosis on improving cardiac function in iron-overloaded rats. Iron dextran was injected intraperitoneally into male Wistar rats for four weeks to induce iron overload. Then, the rats were divided into 5 groups: treated with vehicle, apoptosis inhibitor (z-VAD-FMK), necroptosis inhibitor (Necrostatin-1), ferroptosis inhibitor (Ferrostatin-1) or iron chelator (deferoxamine) for 2 weeks. Cardiac function, mitochondrial function, apoptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis were determined. The increased expression of apoptosis-, necroptosis- and ferroptosis-related proteins, were associated with impaired cardiac and mitochondrial function in iron-overloaded rats. All cell death inhibitors attenuated cardiac apoptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis in iron-overloaded rats. Ferrostatin-1 was more effective than the other drugs in diminishing mitochondrial dysfunction and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Moreover, both Ferrostatin-1 and deferoxamine reversed iron overload-induced cardiac dysfunction as indicated by restored left ventricular ejection fraction and E/A ratio, whereas z-VAD-FMK and Necrostatin-1 only partially improved this parameter. These results indicated that ferroptosis could be the predominant form of cardiomyocyte death in IOC, and that inhibiting ferroptosis might be a potential novel treatment for IOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirinart Kumfu
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jirapas Sripetchwandee
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chanisa Thonusin
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Natticha Sumneang
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chayodom Maneechote
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Busarin Arunsak
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thura Tun Oo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Aphisek Kongkaew
- Research Administration Section, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Seravalle G, Grassi G. Sympathetic nervous system and hypertension: New evidences. Auton Neurosci 2022; 238:102954. [PMID: 35151003 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2022.102954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Evidences collected in the past few years have strengthened the concept that the sympathetic nervous system plays a primary role in the development and progression of the hypertensive state, starting from the early stage, and in the hypertension-related cardiovascular diseases. Several pathophysiological mechanisms are involved. Among them the genetic background, the immune system in conjunction with sympathetic activation. The present review will briefly discuss the importance of the above mentioned mechanisms in the development of hypertension. The paper will also examine the sympathetic mechanisms underlying attended vs unattended blood pressure measurements as well as their role in resistant vs pseudo-resistant hypertension. Finally evidence from recent meta-analysis on the relevance of sympathetic nerve traffic activation in the pathogenesis of hypertension will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino Seravalle
- Cardiology Department, IRCCS S. Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Guido Grassi
- Clinica Medica, S. Gerardo Hospital, University Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Sun K, Guo Z, Hou L, Xu J, Du T, Xu T, Guo F. Iron homeostasis in arthropathies: From pathogenesis to therapeutic potential. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101481. [PMID: 34606985 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for proper functioning of cells within mammalian organ systems; in particular, iron homeostasis is critical for joint health. Excess iron can induce oxidative stress damage, associated with the pathogenesis of iron-storage and ageing-related diseases. Therefore, iron levels in body tissues and cells must be tightly regulated. In the past decades, excess iron content within joints has been found in some patients with joint diseases including hemophilic arthropathy, hemochromatosis arthropathy, and osteoarthritis (OA). Currently, increased evidence has shown that iron accumulation is closely associated with multiple pathological changes of these arthropathies. This review summarizes system-level and intracellular regulation of iron homeostasis, and emphasizes the role of iron in synovial alterations, cartilage degeneration, and subchondral bone of several arthropathies. Of note, we discuss the potential link between iron homeostasis and OA pathogenesis. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of maintaining iron homeostasis in these arthropathies.
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Grassi G. The Sympathetic Nervous System in Hypertension: Roadmap Update of a Long Journey. Am J Hypertens 2021; 34:1247-1254. [PMID: 34355740 PMCID: PMC8643601 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpab124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paper will provide an update on the role of sympathetic neural factors in the development and progression of essential hypertension by reviewing data collected in the past 10 years. This will be done by discussing the results of the published studies in which sympathetic neural function in essential hypertension and related disease has been investigated via sophisticated and highly sensitive techniques, such as microneurographic recording of sympathetic nerve traffic and regional norepinephrine spillover. First, the relevance of the pathophysiological background of the neurogenic alterations will be discussed. It will be then examined the behavior of the sympathetic neural function in specific clinical phenotypes, such as resistant hypertension, pseudoresistant hypertension, and hypertensive states displaying elevated resting heart values. This will be followed by a discussion of the main results of the meta-analytic studies examining the behavior of sympathetic nerve traffic in essential hypertension, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and chronic renal failure. The sympathetic effects of renal denervation and carotid baroreceptor stimulation as well as the possible involvement of sympathetic neural factors in the determination of the so-called "residual risk" of the treated hypertensive patients will be finally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Grassi
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Seravalle G, Dell’Oro R, Quarti-Trevano F, Spaziani D, Bertoli S, Airoldi F, Mancia G, Grassi G. Sympathetic Overactivation in Patients With Essential Hypertension and Hepatic Iron Overload. Hypertension 2020; 76:1444-1450. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Iron overload has been recently shown to be associated with a hyperadrenergic state in genetic hemochromatosis. Whether this is also the case in essential hypertension, characterized by sympathetic activation and frequently by body iron overload, is unknown. In 17 healthy normotensive controls (age 52.3±3.2 years, mean±SE), in 21 age-matched patients with hypertension with iron overload (HT+), defined by serum ferritin levels, and in 28 hypertensives without this condition, we measured efferent postganglionic muscle sympathetic nerve traffic (microneurography), heart rate and blood pressure variability (power spectral analysis), serum ferritin, and metabolic variables. Muscle sympathetic nerve traffic was significantly (P<0.02 at least) greater in HT+ than in patients with hypertension without iron overload and normotensive subjects both when expressed as bursts incidence over time (41.8±1.4 versus 31.5±1.4 and 23.6±0.9 bursts/min) and as bursts corrected for heart rate (55.3±1.8 versus 42.3±1.2 and 31.7±1.2 bursts/100 heartbeats). In HT+, low-frequency systolic blood pressure variability was significantly reduced. In HT+, but not in the other 2 groups, muscle sympathetic nerve traffic was significantly related to serum ferritin (r=0.51,P<0.03), transferrin saturation (r=0.47,P<0.03), and hepatic iron load (r=0.76,P<0.0001, magnetic resonance imaging), as well as to homeostatic model assessment index values (r=0.46,P<0.05). These data provide the first evidence that in HT+ elevated serum ferritin is associated with a hyperadrenergic state of greater magnitude than the one seen in patients with hypertension without iron overload. They also show that the potentiation of the sympathetic activation detected in HT+ is related to elevated serum ferritin and to the associated metabolic alterations, possibly participating in the increased cardiovascular risk characterizing iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino Seravalle
- From the Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy (G.S., R.D., F.Q.-T., G.G.)
| | - Raffaella Dell’Oro
- From the Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy (G.S., R.D., F.Q.-T., G.G.)
| | - Fosca Quarti-Trevano
- From the Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy (G.S., R.D., F.Q.-T., G.G.)
| | | | - Silvio Bertoli
- Istituto a Carattere Scientifico Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy (S.B., F.A.)
| | - Flavio Airoldi
- Istituto a Carattere Scientifico Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy (S.B., F.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Mancia
- University Milano-Bicocca and Policlinico di Monza, Italy (G.M.)
| | - Guido Grassi
- From the Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy (G.S., R.D., F.Q.-T., G.G.)
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Motoki H, Masuda I, Yasuno S, Oba K, Shoin W, Usami S, Saito Y, Waki M, Komatsu M, Ueshima K, Nakagawa Y, Son C, Yonemitsu S, Hiramitsu S, Konda M, Onishi K, Kuwahara K. Rationale and design of the EMPYREAN study. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:3134-3141. [PMID: 32578353 PMCID: PMC7524086 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims A sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor was recently found to reduce heart failure hospitalization in the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME trial. We have hypothesized that autonomic nerve activity may be modulated by SGLT2 inhibition. The current study aims to investigate the impact of empagliflozin on sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods and results This ongoing study is a prospective, randomized, open‐label, multicentre investigation of 134 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The patients are randomly allocated to receive either empagliflozin or sitagliptin with the treatment goal of the Japan Diabetes Society guidelines. Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring is performed at the baseline and at 12 and 24 weeks of treatment. Analyses of heart rate variability are conducted using the MemCalc method, which is a combination of the maximum entropy method for spectral analysis and the non‐linear least squares method for square analysis. The primary endpoint is the change in the low‐frequency (0.04–0.15 Hz)/high‐frequency (0.15–0.4 Hz) ratio from baseline to 24 weeks. Conclusions This investigation on the effect of EMPagliflozin on cardiac sYmpathetic and parasympathetic neRve activity in JapanEse pAtieNts with type 2 diabetes (EMPYREAN study) offers an important opportunity to understand the impact of SGLT2 inhibition on autonomic nerve activity in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohiko Motoki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Izuru Masuda
- Medical Examination Center, Takeda Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Yasuno
- Clinical Research Support Center, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Oba
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Shoin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Satoru Usami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taigenkai Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Masako Waki
- Shizuoka City Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsuhisa Komatsu
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Ueshima
- Department of EBM Research, Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Nakagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Cheol Son
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.,Omics Research Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Shin Yonemitsu
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Manako Konda
- Department of Preventive Services, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Koichiro Kuwahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
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Grassi G, Ram VS. Evidence for a critical role of the sympathetic nervous system in hypertension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 10:457-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Lüscher
- Editor-in-Chief, Zurich Heart House, Careum Campus, Moussonstrasse 4, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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