1
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Hartmann N, Knierim M, Maurer W, Dybkova N, Zeman F, Hasenfuß G, Sossalla S, Streckfuss-Bömeke K. Na V1.8 as Proarrhythmic Target in a Ventricular Cardiac Stem Cell Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6144. [PMID: 38892333 PMCID: PMC11172914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The sodium channel NaV1.8, encoded by the SCN10A gene, has recently emerged as a potential regulator of cardiac electrophysiology. We have previously shown that NaV1.8 contributes to arrhythmogenesis by inducing a persistent Na+ current (late Na+ current, INaL) in human atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes (CM). We now aim to further investigate the contribution of NaV1.8 to human ventricular arrhythmogenesis at the CM-specific level using pharmacological inhibition as well as a genetic knockout (KO) of SCN10A in induced pluripotent stem cell CM (iPSC-CM). In functional voltage-clamp experiments, we demonstrate that INaL was significantly reduced in ventricular SCN10A-KO iPSC-CM and in control CM after a specific pharmacological inhibition of NaV1.8. In contrast, we did not find any effects on ventricular APD90. The frequency of spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sparks and waves were reduced in SCN10A-KO iPSC-CM and control cells following the pharmacological inhibition of NaV1.8. We further analyzed potential triggers of arrhythmias and found reduced delayed afterdepolarizations (DAD) in SCN10A-KO iPSC-CM and after the specific inhibition of NaV1.8 in control cells. In conclusion, we show that NaV1.8-induced INaL primarily impacts arrhythmogenesis at a subcellular level, with minimal effects on systolic cellular Ca2+ release. The inhibition or knockout of NaV1.8 diminishes proarrhythmic triggers in ventricular CM. In conjunction with our previously published results, this work confirms NaV1.8 as a proarrhythmic target that may be useful in an anti-arrhythmic therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Hartmann
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen and Rhein Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Maria Knierim
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen and Rhein Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Clinic for Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Maurer
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen and Rhein Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Nataliya Dybkova
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen and Rhein Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Florian Zeman
- Center for Clinicial Trials, University of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuß
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen and Rhein Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen and Rhein Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Medical Clinic I, Cardiology and Angiology, Giessen and Department of Cardiology at Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Justus-Liebig-University, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Katrin Streckfuss-Bömeke
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen and Rhein Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
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2
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Horváth B, Szentandrássy N, Almássy J, Dienes C, Kovács ZM, Nánási PP, Banyasz T. Late Sodium Current of the Heart: Where Do We Stand and Where Are We Going? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020231. [PMID: 35215342 PMCID: PMC8879921 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Late sodium current has long been linked to dysrhythmia and contractile malfunction in the heart. Despite the increasing body of accumulating information on the subject, our understanding of its role in normal or pathologic states is not complete. Even though the role of late sodium current in shaping action potential under physiologic circumstances is debated, it’s unquestioned role in arrhythmogenesis keeps it in the focus of research. Transgenic mouse models and isoform-specific pharmacological tools have proved useful in understanding the mechanism of late sodium current in health and disease. This review will outline the mechanism and function of cardiac late sodium current with special focus on the recent advances of the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Horváth
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
| | - Norbert Szentandrássy
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Almássy
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
| | - Csaba Dienes
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
| | - Zsigmond Máté Kovács
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
| | - Péter P. Nánási
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
- Department of Dental Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamas Banyasz
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-(52)-255-575; Fax: +36-(52)-255-116
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3
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Imoto K, Sakai Y, Okada M, Otani K, Yamawaki H. A single injection of periostin decreases cardiac voltage-gated Na + channel in rat ventricles. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:997-1003. [PMID: 33952782 PMCID: PMC8267192 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in electrophysiological properties, such as ion channel expression and activity,
are closely related to arrhythmogenesis during heart failure (HF). However, a causative
factor for the electrical remodeling in HF has not been determined. Periostin (POSTN), a
matricellular protein, is increased in heart tissues of patients with HF. In the present
study, we investigated whether a single injection of POSTN affects the
electrophysiological properties in rat ventricles. After male Wistar rats were
intravenously injected with recombinant rat POSTN (64 µg/kg, 24 hr), electrocardiogram
(ECG) was recorded. Whole-cell patch clamp was performed to measure action potential (AP)
and Na+ current (INa) in isolated ventricular
myocytes. Protein expression of cardiac voltage-gated Na+ channel
(NaV1.5) in isolated ventricles was examined by Western blotting. In ECG,
POSTN-injection significantly increased RS height. POSTN-injection significantly delayed
time to peak in AP and decreased INa in the isolated
ventricular myocytes. POSTN-injection decreased NaV1.5 expression in the
isolated ventricles. It was confirmed that POSTN (1 µg/ml, 24 hr) decreased
INa and NaV1.5 protein expression in neonatal rat
ventricular myocytes. This study for the first time demonstrated that a single injection
of POSTN in rats decreased INa by suppressing
NaV1.5 expression in the ventricular myocytes, which was accompanied by a
prolongation of time to peak in AP and an increase of RS height in ECG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Imoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23-35-1, Towada-shi, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Yuho Sakai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23-35-1, Towada-shi, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Muneyoshi Okada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23-35-1, Towada-shi, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Kosuke Otani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23-35-1, Towada-shi, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23-35-1, Towada-shi, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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4
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Lorenzini M, Burel S, Lesage A, Wagner E, Charrière C, Chevillard PM, Evrard B, Maloney D, Ruff KM, Pappu RV, Wagner S, Nerbonne JM, Silva JR, Townsend RR, Maier LS, Marionneau C. Proteomic and functional mapping of cardiac NaV1.5 channel phosphorylation sites. J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:211660. [PMID: 33410863 PMCID: PMC7797897 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the voltage-gated Na+ (NaV) channel NaV1.5 regulates cardiac excitability, yet the phosphorylation sites regulating its function and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Using a systematic, quantitative phosphoproteomic approach, we analyzed NaV1.5 channel complexes purified from nonfailing and failing mouse left ventricles, and we identified 42 phosphorylation sites on NaV1.5. Most sites are clustered, and three of these clusters are highly phosphorylated. Analyses of phosphosilent and phosphomimetic NaV1.5 mutants revealed the roles of three phosphosites in regulating NaV1.5 channel expression and gating. The phosphorylated serines S664 and S667 regulate the voltage dependence of channel activation in a cumulative manner, whereas the nearby S671, the phosphorylation of which is increased in failing hearts, regulates cell surface NaV1.5 expression and peak Na+ current. No additional roles could be assigned to the other clusters of phosphosites. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ventricular NaV1.5 is highly phosphorylated and that the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of NaV1.5 channels is highly complex, site specific, and dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Lorenzini
- Université de Nantes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, l'Institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Burel
- Université de Nantes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, l'Institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Adrien Lesage
- Université de Nantes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, l'Institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Emily Wagner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Camille Charrière
- Université de Nantes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, l'Institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Chevillard
- Université de Nantes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, l'Institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Bérangère Evrard
- Université de Nantes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, l'Institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Dan Maloney
- Bioinformatics Solutions Inc., Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kiersten M Ruff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Rohit V Pappu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Heart Center, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jeanne M Nerbonne
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Medicine, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jonathan R Silva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - R Reid Townsend
- Department of Medicine, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Heart Center, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Céline Marionneau
- Université de Nantes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, l'Institut du thorax, Nantes, France
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5
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Turan NN, Moshal KS, Roder K, Baggett BC, Kabakov AY, Dhakal S, Teramoto R, Chiang DYE, Zhong M, Xie A, Lu Y, Dudley SC, MacRae CA, Karma A, Koren G. The endosomal trafficking regulator LITAF controls the cardiac Nav1.5 channel via the ubiquitin ligase NEDD4-2. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:18148-18159. [PMID: 33093176 PMCID: PMC7939464 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The QT interval is a recording of cardiac electrical activity. Previous genome-wide association studies identified genetic variants that modify the QT interval upstream of LITAF (lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-α factor), a protein encoding a regulator of endosomal trafficking. However, it was not clear how LITAF might impact cardiac excitation. We investigated the effect of LITAF on the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.5, which is critical for cardiac depolarization. We show that overexpressed LITAF resulted in a significant increase in the density of Nav1.5-generated voltage-gated sodium current INa and Nav1.5 surface protein levels in rabbit cardiomyocytes and in HEK cells stably expressing Nav1.5. Proximity ligation assays showed co-localization of endogenous LITAF and Nav1.5 in cardiomyocytes, whereas co-immunoprecipitations confirmed they are in the same complex when overexpressed in HEK cells. In vitro data suggest that LITAF interacts with the ubiquitin ligase NEDD4-2, a regulator of Nav1.5. LITAF overexpression down-regulated NEDD4-2 in cardiomyocytes and HEK cells. In HEK cells, LITAF increased ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of co-expressed NEDD4-2 and significantly blunted the negative effect of NEDD4-2 on INa We conclude that LITAF controls cardiac excitability by promoting degradation of NEDD4-2, which is essential for removal of surface Nav1.5. LITAF-knockout zebrafish showed increased variation in and a nonsignificant 15% prolongation of action potential duration. Computer simulations using a rabbit-cardiomyocyte model demonstrated that changes in Ca2+ and Na+ homeostasis are responsible for the surprisingly modest action potential duration shortening. These computational data thus corroborate findings from several genome-wide association studies that associated LITAF with QT interval variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilüfer N Turan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Karni S Moshal
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Karim Roder
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Brett C Baggett
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Anatoli Y Kabakov
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Saroj Dhakal
- Physics Department and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryota Teramoto
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Yi-Eng Chiang
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mingwang Zhong
- Physics Department and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - An Xie
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yichun Lu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Samuel C Dudley
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alain Karma
- Physics Department and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gideon Koren
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
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6
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Li W, Stauske M, Luo X, Wagner S, Vollrath M, Mehnert CS, Schubert M, Cyganek L, Chen S, Hasheminasab SM, Wulf G, El-Armouche A, Maier LS, Hasenfuss G, Guan K. Disease Phenotypes and Mechanisms of iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes From Brugada Syndrome Patients With a Loss-of-Function SCN5A Mutation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:592893. [PMID: 33195263 PMCID: PMC7642519 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.592893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is one of the major causes of sudden cardiac death in young people, while the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we investigated the pathophysiological phenotypes and mechanisms using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) from two BrS patients (BrS-CMs) carrying a heterozygous SCN5A mutation p.S1812X. Compared to CMs derived from healthy controls (Ctrl-CMs), BrS-CMs displayed a 50% reduction of INa density, a 69.5% reduction of NaV1.5 expression, and the impaired localization of NaV1.5 and connexin 43 (Cx43) at the cell surface. BrS-CMs exhibited reduced action potential (AP) upstroke velocity and conduction slowing. The Ito in BrS-CMs was significantly augmented, and the ICaL window current probability was increased. Our data indicate that the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying arrhythmia in BrS-CMs may involve both depolarization and repolarization disorders. Cilostazol and milrinone showed dramatic inhibitions of Ito in BrS-CMs and alleviated the arrhythmic activity, suggesting their therapeutic potential for BrS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wener Li
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Stauske
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xiaojing Luo
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Meike Vollrath
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carola S Mehnert
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mario Schubert
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lukas Cyganek
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Simin Chen
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sayed-Mohammad Hasheminasab
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,CCU Translational Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Consortium Core-Center Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerald Wulf
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kaomei Guan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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7
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Munger MA, Olğar Y, Koleske ML, Struckman HL, Mandrioli J, Lou Q, Bonila I, Kim K, Ramos Mondragon R, Priori SG, Volpe P, Valdivia HH, Biskupiak J, Carnes CA, Veeraraghavan R, Györke S, Radwański PB. Tetrodotoxin-Sensitive Neuronal-Type Na + Channels: A Novel and Druggable Target for Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015119. [PMID: 32468902 PMCID: PMC7429002 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a comorbidity associated with heart failure and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Despite the Ca2+‐dependent nature of both of these pathologies, AF often responds to Na+ channel blockers. We investigated how targeting interdependent Na+/Ca2+ dysregulation might prevent focal activity and control AF. Methods and Results We studied AF in 2 models of Ca2+‐dependent disorders, a murine model of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and a canine model of chronic tachypacing‐induced heart failure. Imaging studies revealed close association of neuronal‐type Na+ channels (nNav) with ryanodine receptors and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. Catecholamine stimulation induced cellular and in vivo atrial arrhythmias in wild‐type mice only during pharmacological augmentation of nNav activity. In contrast, catecholamine stimulation alone was sufficient to elicit atrial arrhythmias in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia mice and failing canine atria. Importantly, these were abolished by acute nNav inhibition (tetrodotoxin or riluzole) implicating Na+/Ca2+ dysregulation in AF. These findings were then tested in 2 nonrandomized retrospective cohorts: an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinic and an academic medical center. Riluzole‐treated patients adjusted for baseline characteristics evidenced significantly lower incidence of arrhythmias including new‐onset AF, supporting the preclinical results. Conclusions These data suggest that nNaVs mediate Na+‐Ca2+ crosstalk within nanodomains containing Ca2+ release machinery and, thereby, contribute to AF triggers. Disruption of this mechanism by nNav inhibition can effectively prevent AF arising from diverse causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Munger
- Departments of Pharmacotherapy and Internal Medicine University of Utah Health Sciences Center Salt Lake City UT
| | - Yusuf Olğar
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute College of Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OH.,Division of Pharmacy Practice and Sciences College of Pharmacy The Ohio State University Columbus OH
| | - Megan L Koleske
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute College of Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OH.,Division of Pharmacy Practice and Sciences College of Pharmacy The Ohio State University Columbus OH
| | - Heather L Struckman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus OH
| | - Jessica Mandrioli
- Department of Neuroscience St. Agostino Estense Hospital Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena Italy
| | - Qing Lou
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute College of Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OH.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology College of Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus OH
| | - Ingrid Bonila
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute College of Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OH.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology College of Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus OH
| | - Kibum Kim
- Department of Pharmacotherapy University of Utah Health Sciences Center Salt Lake City UT
| | - Roberto Ramos Mondragon
- Department of Internal Medicine and of Molecular & Integrative Physiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI
| | - Silvia G Priori
- Molecular Cardiology Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS University of Pavia Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine University of Pavia Italy
| | - Pompeo Volpe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Italy
| | - Héctor H Valdivia
- Department of Internal Medicine and of Molecular & Integrative Physiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI
| | - Joseph Biskupiak
- Department of Pharmacotherapy University of Utah Health Sciences Center Salt Lake City UT
| | - Cynthia A Carnes
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute College of Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OH.,Division of Pharmacy Practice and Sciences College of Pharmacy The Ohio State University Columbus OH
| | - Rengasayee Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus OH.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute College of Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OH
| | - Sándor Györke
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute College of Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OH.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology College of Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus OH
| | - Przemysław B Radwański
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute College of Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OH.,Division of Pharmacy Practice and Sciences College of Pharmacy The Ohio State University Columbus OH.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology College of Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus OH
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8
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Contribution of the neuronal sodium channel Na V1.8 to sodium- and calcium-dependent cellular proarrhythmia. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 144:35-46. [PMID: 32418916 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In myocardial pathology such as heart failure a late sodium current (INaL) augmentation is known to be involved in conditions of arrhythmogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms of the INaL generation are not entirely understood. By now evidence is growing that non-cardiac sodium channel isoforms could also be involved in the INaL generation. The present study investigates the contribution of the neuronal sodium channel isoform NaV1.8 to arrhythmogenesis in a clearly-defined setting of enhanced INaL by using anemone toxin II (ATX-II) in the absence of structural heart disease. METHODS Electrophysiological experiments were performed in order to measure INaL, action potential duration (APD), SR-Ca2+-leak and cellular proarrhythmic triggers in ATX-II exposed wild-type (WT) and SCN10A-/- mice cardiomyocytes. In addition, WT cardiomyocytes were stimulated with ATX-II in the presence or absence of NaV1.8 inhibitors. INCX was measured by using the whole cell patch clamp method. RESULTS In WT cardiomyocytes exposure to ATX-II augmented INaL, prolonged APD, increased SR-Ca2+-leak and induced proarrhythmic triggers such as early afterdepolarizations (EADs) and Ca2+-waves. All of them could be significantly reduced by applying NaV1.8 blockers PF-01247324 and A-803467. Both blockers had no relevant effects on cellular electrophysiology of SCN10A-/- cardiomyocytes. Moreover, in SCN10A-/--cardiomyocytes, the ATX-II-dependent increase in INaL, SR-Ca2+-leak and APD prolongation was less than in WT and comparable to the results which were obtained with WT cardiomyocytes being exposed to ATX-II and NaV1.8 inhibitors in parallel. Moreover, we found a decrease in reverse mode NCX current and reduced CaMKII-dependent RyR2-phosphorylation after application of PF-01247324 as an underlying explanation for the Na+-mediated Ca2+-dependent proarrhythmic triggers. CONCLUSION The current findings demonstrate that NaV1.8 is a significant contributor for INaL-induced arrhythmic triggers. Therefore, NaV1.8 inhibition under conditions of an enhanced INaL constitutes a promising antiarrhythmic strategy which merits further investigation.
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9
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Horváth B, Hézső T, Kiss D, Kistamás K, Magyar J, Nánási PP, Bányász T. Late Sodium Current Inhibitors as Potential Antiarrhythmic Agents. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:413. [PMID: 32372952 PMCID: PMC7184885 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on recent findings, an increased late sodium current (INa,late) plays an important pathophysiological role in cardiac diseases, including rhythm disorders. The article first describes what is INa,late and how it functions under physiological circumstances. Next, it shows the wide range of cellular mechanisms that can contribute to an increased INa,late in heart diseases, and also discusses how the upregulated INa,late can play a role in the generation of cardiac arrhythmias. The last part of the article is about INa,late inhibiting drugs as potential antiarrhythmic agents, based on experimental and preclinical data as well as in the light of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Horváth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Hézső
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dénes Kiss
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Kornél Kistamás
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Magyar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Division of Sport Physiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter P. Nánási
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Dental Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Bányász
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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10
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Takla M, Huang CLH, Jeevaratnam K. The cardiac CaMKII-Na v1.5 relationship: From physiology to pathology. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 139:190-200. [PMID: 31958466 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The SCN5A gene encodes Nav1.5, which, as the cardiac voltage-gated Na+ channel's pore-forming α subunit, is crucial for the initiation and propagation of atrial and ventricular action potentials. The arrhythmogenic propensity of inherited SCN5A mutations implicates the Na+ channel in determining cardiomyocyte excitability under normal conditions. Cytosolic kinases have long been known to alter the kinetic profile of Nav1.5 inactivation via phosphorylation of specific residues. Recent substantiation of both the role of calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) in modulating the properties of the Nav1.5 inactivation gate and the significant rise in oxidation-dependent autonomous CaMKII activity in structural heart disease has raised the possibility of a novel pathway for acquired arrhythmias - the CaMKII-Nav1.5 relationship. The aim of this review is to: (1) outline the relationship's translation from physiological adaptation to pathological vicious circle; and (2) discuss the relative merits of each of its components as pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Takla
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher L-H Huang
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7AL, United Kingdom; Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
| | - Kamalan Jeevaratnam
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7AL, United Kingdom; Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, United Kingdom.
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11
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Chen S, Ma Q, Xue Y, Zhang J, Yang G, Wang T, Ma A, Bai L. Comprehensive Analysis and Co-Expression Network of mRNAs and lncRNAs in Pressure Overload-Induced Heart Failure. Front Genet 2019; 10:1271. [PMID: 31921308 PMCID: PMC6920101 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Heart failure (HF) is the end stage of various cardiovascular diseases. However, the precise regulation of gene expression profiles and functional mechanisms of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in HF remain to be elucidated. The present study aimed to identify the differentially expressed profiles and interaction of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and lncRNAs in pressure overload-induced HF. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the HF group and the sham-operated group. HF was induced by the transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery. The cardiac expression profiles of mRNAs and lncRNAs in HF were investigated using the microarray. Bioinformatics analyses and co-expression network construction were performed from the RNA sequencing data. Results: The expression profiles of mRNAs and lncRNAs showed significant differences between HF and controls. A total of 147 mRNAs and 162 lncRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed with a fold change of >2 in HF. The relative expression levels of several selected mRNAs and lncRNAs were validated by quantitative PCR. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses indicated that diverse pathways were involved in the molecular mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy and HF including immune response, smooth muscle contraction, ion transmembrane transport. The mRNA-lncRNA and transcription factors (TFs)-lncRNA co-expression networks were constructed and several genes and TFs were identified as key regulators in the pathogenesis of HF. Further functional prediction showed that the lncRNA NONRATT013999 was predicted to cis-regulate mRNA CDH11, and NONRATT027756 was predicted to trans-regulate HCN4. Conclusion: This study revealed specific expression regulation and potential functions of mRNAs and lncRNAs in pressure overload-induced HF. These results will provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiong Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanbo Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guodong Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tingzhong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
| | - Aiqun Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Aiqun Ma, ; Ling Bai,
| | - Ling Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Aiqun Ma, ; Ling Bai,
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12
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Dybkova N, Ahmad S, Pabel S, Tirilomis P, Hartmann N, Fischer TH, Bengel P, Tirilomis T, Ljubojevic S, Renner A, Gummert J, Ellenberger D, Wagner S, Frey N, Maier LS, Streckfuss-Bömeke K, Hasenfuss G, Sossalla S. Differential regulation of sodium channels as a novel proarrhythmic mechanism in the human failing heart. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:1728-1737. [PMID: 29931291 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims In heart failure (HF), enhanced persistent Na+ current (INaL) exerts detrimental effects on cellular electrophysiology and can induce arrhythmias. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Our aim was to potentially investigate the regulation and electrophysiological contribution of neuronal sodium channel NaV1.8 in failing human heart and eventually to reveal a novel anti-arrhythmic therapy. Methods and results By western blot, we found that NaV1.8 protein expression is significantly up-regulated, while of the predominant cardiac isoform NaV1.5 is inversely reduced in human HF. Furthermore, to investigate the relation of NaV1.8 regulation with the cellular proarrhythmic events, we performed comprehensive electrophysiology recordings and explore the effect of NaV1.8 on INaL, action potential duration (APD), Ca2+ spark frequency, and arrhythmia induction in human failing cardiomyocytes. NaV1.8 inhibition with the specific blockers A-803467 and PF-01247324 decreased INaL, abbreviated APD and reduced cellular-spontaneous Ca2+-release and proarrhythmic events in human failing cardiomyocytes. Consistently, in mouse cardiomyocytes stressed with isoproterenol, pharmacologic inhibition and genetically knockout of NaV1.8 (SCN10A-/-), were associated with reduced INaL and abbreviated APD. Conclusion We provide first evidence of differential regulation of NaV1.8 and NaV1.5 in the failing human myocardium and their contribution to arrhythmogenesis due to generation of INaL. We propose inhibition of NaV1.8 thus constitutes a promising novel approach for selective anti-arrhythmic therapy in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Dybkova
- Clinic for Cardiology & Pneumology, Georg-August University Goettingen, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany
| | - Shakil Ahmad
- Clinic for Cardiology & Pneumology, Georg-August University Goettingen, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Pabel
- Clinic for Cardiology & Pneumology, Georg-August University Goettingen, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Germany
| | - Petros Tirilomis
- Clinic for Cardiology & Pneumology, Georg-August University Goettingen, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany
| | - Nico Hartmann
- Clinic for Cardiology & Pneumology, Georg-August University Goettingen, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany
| | - Thomas H Fischer
- Clinic for Cardiology & Pneumology, Georg-August University Goettingen, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Bengel
- Clinic for Cardiology & Pneumology, Georg-August University Goettingen, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany
| | - Theodoros Tirilomis
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Georg-August University Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - André Renner
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery (Heart and Diabetes Center), North Rhine Westphalia, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Jan Gummert
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery (Heart and Diabetes Center), North Rhine Westphalia, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - David Ellenberger
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Molecular Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Center, Campus Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Streckfuss-Bömeke
- Clinic for Cardiology & Pneumology, Georg-August University Goettingen, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Clinic for Cardiology & Pneumology, Georg-August University Goettingen, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Clinic for Cardiology & Pneumology, Georg-August University Goettingen, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Germany
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13
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Li MCH, O'Brien TJ, Todaro M, Powell KL. Acquired cardiac channelopathies in epilepsy: Evidence, mechanisms, and clinical significance. Epilepsia 2019; 60:1753-1767. [PMID: 31353444 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that cardiac dysfunction in patients with chronic epilepsy could play a pathogenic role in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Recent animal studies have revealed that epilepsy secondarily alters the expression of cardiac ion channels alongside abnormal cardiac electrophysiology and remodeling. These molecular findings represent novel evidence for an acquired cardiac channelopathy in epilepsy, distinct from inherited ion channels mutations associated with cardiocerebral phenotypes. Specifically, seizure activity has been shown to alter the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav 1.1, Nav 1.5), voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv 4.2, Kv 4.3), sodium-calcium exchangers (NCX1), and nonspecific cation-conducting channels (HCN2, HCN4). The pathophysiology may involve autonomic dysfunction and structural cardiac disease, as both are independently associated with epilepsy and ion channel dysregulation. Indeed, in vivo and in vitro studies of cardiac pathology reveal a complex network of signaling pathways and transcription factors regulating ion channel expression in the setting of sympathetic overactivity, cardiac failure, and hypertrophy. Other mechanisms such as circulating inflammatory mediators or exogenous effects of antiepileptic medications lack evidence. Moreover, an acquired cardiac channelopathy may underlie the electrophysiologic cardiac abnormalities seen in chronic epilepsy, potentially contributing to the increased risk of malignant arrhythmias and sudden death. Therefore, further investigation is necessary to establish whether cardiac ion channel dysregulation similarly occurs in patients with epilepsy, and to characterize any pathogenic relationship with SUDEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C H Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marian Todaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim L Powell
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Wang X, Zhuo X, Gao J, Liu H, Lin F, Ma A. Neuregulin-1β Partially Improves Cardiac Function in Volume-Overload Heart Failure Through Regulation of Abnormal Calcium Handling. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:616. [PMID: 31281251 PMCID: PMC6597678 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuregulin (NRG-1), an essential stress-mediated paracrine growth factor, has a cardioprotective effect in failing heart. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The role of NRG-1β in heart failure (HF) rats was examined. Methods and Results: Volume-overload HF rat model was created by aortocaval fistula surgery. The sham-operated (SO) rats received the same surgical intervention without the fistula. Thirty-five HF rats were injected with NRG-1β (NRG, 10 μg/kg·d) via the tail vein for 7 days, whereas 35 HF rats and 20 SO rats were injected with the same dose of saline. The echocardiographic findings showed left ventricular dilatation, systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and QTc interval prolongation in HF rats. The NRG-1β treatment attenuated the ventricular remodeling and shortened the QTc interval. Patch clamp recordings showed ICa-L was significantly decreased in the HF group, and NRG-1β treatment attenuated the decreased ICa-L. No significant differences in the kinetic properties of ICa-L were observed. The expressions of Cav1.2 and SERCA2a were significantly reduced, but the expression level of NCX1 was increased dramatically in the HF group. NRG-1β treatment could partially prevent the decrease of Cav1.2 and SERCA2a, and the increase of NCX1 in HF rats. Conclusions: NRG-1β could partly attenuate the heart function deterioration in the volume-overload model. Reduced function and expression of calcium transportation-related proteins might be the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhuo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huibing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Aiqun Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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15
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Ahmad S, Tirilomis P, Pabel S, Dybkova N, Hartmann N, Molina CE, Tirilomis T, Kutschka I, Frey N, Maier LS, Hasenfuss G, Streckfuss-Bömeke K, Sossalla S. The functional consequences of sodium channel Na V 1.8 in human left ventricular hypertrophy. ESC Heart Fail 2018; 6:154-163. [PMID: 30378291 PMCID: PMC6352890 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims In hypertrophy and heart failure, the proarrhythmic persistent Na+ current (INaL) is enhanced. We aimed to investigate the electrophysiological role of neuronal sodium channel NaV1.8 in human hypertrophied myocardium. Methods and results Myocardial tissue of 24 patients suffering from symptomatic severe aortic stenosis and concomitant significant afterload‐induced hypertrophy with preserved ejection fraction was used and compared with 12 healthy controls. We performed quantitative real‐time PCR and western blot and detected a significant up‐regulation of NaV1.8 mRNA (2.34‐fold) and protein expression (1.96‐fold) in human hypertrophied myocardium compared with healthy hearts. Interestingly, NaV1.5 protein expression was significantly reduced in parallel (0.60‐fold). Using whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique, we found that the prominent INaL was significantly reduced after addition of novel NaV1.8‐specific blockers either A‐803467 (30 nM) or PF‐01247324 (1 μM) in human hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. This clearly demonstrates the relevant contribution of NaV1.8 to this proarrhythmic current. We observed a significant action potential duration shortening and performed confocal microscopy, demonstrating a 50% decrease in proarrhythmic diastolic sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)‐Ca2+ leak and SR‐Ca2+ spark frequency after exposure to both NaV1.8 inhibitors. Conclusions We show for the first time that the neuronal sodium channel NaV1.8 is up‐regulated on mRNA and protein level in the human hypertrophied myocardium. Furthermore, inhibition of NaV1.8 reduced augmented INaL, abbreviated the action potential duration, and decreased the SR‐Ca2+ leak. The findings of our study suggest that NaV1.8 could be a promising antiarrhythmic therapeutic target and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakil Ahmad
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Hospital, Georg-August University Goettingen, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Petros Tirilomis
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Hospital, Georg-August University Goettingen, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Pabel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nataliya Dybkova
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Hospital, Georg-August University Goettingen, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Nico Hartmann
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Hospital, Georg-August University Goettingen, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Cristina E Molina
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Theodoros Tirilomis
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, Georg-August University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Kutschka
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, Georg-August University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Molecular Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Center, Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Hospital, Georg-August University Goettingen, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Streckfuss-Bömeke
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Hospital, Georg-August University Goettingen, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Hospital, Georg-August University Goettingen, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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16
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Rivaud MR, Agullo-Pascual E, Lin X, Leo-Macias A, Zhang M, Rothenberg E, Bezzina CR, Delmar M, Remme CA. Sodium Channel Remodeling in Subcellular Microdomains of Murine Failing Cardiomyocytes. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e007622. [PMID: 29222390 PMCID: PMC5779058 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac sodium channel (NaV1.5) dysfunction contributes to arrhythmogenesis during pathophysiological conditions. Nav1.5 localizes to distinct subcellular microdomains within the cardiomyocyte, where it associates with region-specific proteins, yielding complexes whose function is location specific. We herein investigated sodium channel remodeling within distinct cardiomyocyte microdomains during heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were subjected to 6 weeks of transverse aortic constriction (TAC; n=32) to induce heart failure. Sham-operated on mice were used as controls (n=20). TAC led to reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, QRS prolongation, increased heart mass, and upregulation of prohypertrophic genes. Whole-cell sodium current (INa) density was decreased by 30% in TAC versus sham-operated on cardiomyocytes. On macropatch analysis, INa in TAC cardiomyocytes was reduced by 50% at the lateral membrane (LM) and by 40% at the intercalated disc. Electron microscopy and scanning ion conductance microscopy revealed remodeling of the intercalated disc (replacement of [inter-]plicate regions by large foldings) and LM (less identifiable T tubules and reduced Z-groove ratios). Using scanning ion conductance microscopy, cell-attached recordings in LM subdomains revealed decreased INa and increased late openings specifically at the crest of TAC cardiomyocytes, but not in groove/T tubules. Failing cardiomyocytes displayed a denser, but more stable, microtubule network (demonstrated by increased α-tubulin and Glu-tubulin expression). Superresolution microscopy showed reduced average NaV1.5 cluster size at the LM of TAC cells, in line with reduced INa. CONCLUSIONS Heart failure induces structural remodeling of the intercalated disc, LM, and microtubule network in cardiomyocytes. These adaptations are accompanied by alterations in NaV1.5 clustering and INa within distinct subcellular microdomains of failing cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde R Rivaud
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Cardiology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Xianming Lin
- Division of Cardiology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Mingliang Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU-School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mario Delmar
- Division of Cardiology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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17
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Luo L, Ning F, Du Y, Song B, Yang D, Salvage SC, Wang Y, Fraser JA, Zhang S, Ma A, Wang T. Calcium-dependent Nedd4-2 upregulation mediates degradation of the cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5: implications for heart failure. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 221:44-58. [PMID: 28296171 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Reductions in voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav1.5) function/expression provide a slowed-conduction substrate for cardiac arrhythmias. Nedd4-2, which is activated by calcium, post-translationally modulates Nav1.5. We aim to investigate whether elevated intracellular calcium ([Ca2+ ]i ) reduces Nav1.5 through Nedd4-2 and its role in heart failure (HF). METHODS Using a combination of biochemical, electrophysiological, cellular and in vivo methods, we tested the effect and mechanism of calcium on Nedd4-2 and in turn Nav1.5. RESULTS Increased [Ca2+ ]i , following 24-h ionomycin treatment, decreased sodium current (INa ) density and Nav1.5 protein without altering its mRNA in both neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) and HEK 293 cells stably expressing Nav1.5. The calcium chelator BAPTA-AM restored the reduced Nav1.5 and INa in NRCMs pre-treated by ionomycin. Nav1.5 was decreased by Nedd4-2 transfection and further decreased by 6-h ionomycin treatment. These effects were not observed in cells transfected with the catalytically inactive mutant, Nedd4-2 C801S, or with Y1977A-Nav1.5 mutant containing the impaired Nedd4-2 binding motif. Furthermore, elevated [Ca2+ ]i increased Nedd4-2, the interaction between Nedd4-2 and Nav1.5, and Nav1.5 ubiquitination. Nav1.5 protein is decreased, whereas Nedd4-2 is increased in volume-overload HF rat hearts, with increased co-localization of Nav1.5 with ubiquitin or Nedd4-2 as indicated by immunofluorescence staining. BAPTA-AM rescued the reduced Nav1.5 protein, INa and increased Nedd4-2 in hypertrophied NRCMs induced by isoproterenol or angiotensin II. CONCLUSION Calcium-mediated increases in Nedd4-2 downregulate Nav1.5 by ubiquitination. Nav1.5 is downregulated and co-localizes with Nedd4-2 and ubiquitin in failing rat heart. These data suggest a role of Nedd4-2 in Nav1.5 downregulation in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - F. Ning
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Y. Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - B. Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - D. Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - S. C. Salvage
- Physiological Laboratory; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Y. Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - J. A. Fraser
- Physiological Laboratory; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - S. Zhang
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - A. Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology; Xi'an Shaanxi Province China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University); Ministry of Education; Xi'an China
| | - T. Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology; Xi'an Shaanxi Province China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University); Ministry of Education; Xi'an China
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Zhang Y, Wang HM, Wang YZ, Zhang YY, Jin XX, Zhao Y, Wang J, Sun YL, Xue GL, Li PH, Huang QH, Yang BF, Pan ZW. Increment of late sodium currents in the left atrial myocytes and its potential contribution to increased susceptibility of atrial fibrillation in castrated male mice. Heart Rhythm 2017; 14:1073-1080. [PMID: 28185917 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is correlated with decreased levels of testosterone in elderly men. Late sodium current may exert a role in AF pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of testosterone deficiency on AF susceptibility and the therapeutic effect of late sodium current inhibitors in mice. METHODS Male ICR mice (5 weeks old) were castrated to establish a testosterone deficiency model. One month after castration, dihydrotestosterone 5 mg/kg was administered subcutaneously for 2 months. Serum total testosterone level was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. High-frequency electrical stimulation was used to induce atrial arrhythmias. Whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to for single-cell electrophysiologic study. RESULTS Serum dihydrotestosterone levels of castration mice declined significantly but recovered with administration of exogenous dihydrotestosterone. In comparison with sham mice, the number of AF episodes significantly increased by 13.5-fold, AF rate increased by 3.75-fold, and AF duration prolonged in castrated mice. Dihydrotestosterone administration alleviated the occurrence of AF. Action potential duration at both 50% and 90% repolarization were markedly increased in castrated mice compared to sham controls. The late sodium current was enhanced in castrated male mice. These alterations were alleviated by treatment with dihydrotestosterone. Systemic application of the INa-L inhibitors ranolazine, eleclazine, and GS967 inhibited the occurrence of AF in castrated mice. CONCLUSION Testosterone deficiency contributed to the increased late sodium current, prolonged action potential repolarization, and increased susceptibility to AF. Blocking of late sodium current is beneficial against the occurrence of AF in castrated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Zhe Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Lin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Gen-Long Xue
- Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-He Huang
- Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Feng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Melbourne School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zhen-Wei Pan
- Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Poulet C, Wettwer E, Grunnet M, Jespersen T, Fabritz L, Matschke K, Knaut M, Ravens U. Late Sodium Current in Human Atrial Cardiomyocytes from Patients in Sinus Rhythm and Atrial Fibrillation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131432. [PMID: 26121051 PMCID: PMC4485891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Slowly inactivating Na+ channels conducting “late” Na+ current (INa,late) contribute to ventricular arrhythmogenesis under pathological conditions. INa,late was also reported to play a role in chronic atrial fibrillation (AF). The objective of this study was to investigate INa,late in human right atrial cardiomyocytes as a putative drug target for treatment of AF. To activate Na+ channels, cardiomyocytes from transgenic mice which exhibit INa,late (ΔKPQ), and right atrial cardiomyocytes from patients in sinus rhythm (SR) and AF were voltage clamped at room temperature by 250-ms long test pulses to -30 mV from a holding potential of -80 mV with a 100-ms pre-pulse to -110 mV (protocol I). INa,late at -30 mV was not discernible as deviation from the extrapolated straight line IV-curve between -110 mV and -80 mV in human atrial cells. Therefore, tetrodotoxin (TTX, 10 μM) was used to define persistent inward current after 250 ms at -30 mV as INa,late. TTX-sensitive current was 0.27±0.06 pA/pF in ventricular cardiomyocytes from ΔKPQ mice, and amounted to 0.04±0.01 pA/pF and 0.09±0.02 pA/pF in SR and AF human atrial cardiomyocytes, respectively. With protocol II (holding potential -120 mV, pre-pulse to -80 mV) TTX-sensitive INa,late was always larger than with protocol I. Ranolazine (30 μM) reduced INa,late by 0.02±0.02 pA/pF in SR and 0.09±0.02 pA/pF in AF cells. At physiological temperature (37°C), however, INa,late became insignificant. Plateau phase and upstroke velocity of action potentials (APs) recorded with sharp microelectrodes in intact human trabeculae were more sensitive to ranolazine in AF than in SR preparations. Sodium channel subunits expression measured with qPCR was high for SCN5A with no difference between SR and AF. Expression of SCN8A and SCN10A was low in general, and lower in AF than in SR. In conclusion, We confirm for the first time a TTX-sensitive current (INa,late) in right atrial cardiomyocytes from SR and AF patients at room temperature, but not at physiological temperature. While our study provides evidence for the presence of INa,late in human atria, the potential of such current as a target for the treatment of AF remains to be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Poulet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Erich Wettwer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Morten Grunnet
- Danish Arrhythmia Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Jespersen
- Danish Arrhythmia Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Matschke
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center Dresden, Dresden, Germanymailto
| | - Michael Knaut
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center Dresden, Dresden, Germanymailto
| | - Ursula Ravens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail:
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21
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Kirchhof P, Tal T, Fabritz L, Klimas J, Nesher N, Schulte JS, Ehling P, Kanyshkova T, Budde T, Nikol S, Fortmueller L, Stallmeyer B, Müller FU, Schulze-Bahr E, Schmitz W, Zlotkin E, Kirchhefer U. First report on an inotropic peptide activating tetrodotoxin-sensitive, "neuronal" sodium currents in the heart. Circ Heart Fail 2014; 8:79-88. [PMID: 25424392 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.113.001066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New therapeutic approaches to improve cardiac contractility without severe risk would improve the management of acute heart failure. Increasing systolic sodium influx can increase cardiac contractility, but most sodium channel activators have proarrhythmic effects that limit their clinical use. Here, we report the cardiac effects of a novel positive inotropic peptide isolated from the toxin of the Black Judean scorpion that activates neuronal tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium channels. METHODS AND RESULTS All venoms and peptides were isolated from Black Judean Scorpions (Buthotus Hottentotta) caught in the Judean Desert. The full scorpion venom increased left ventricular function in sedated mice in vivo, prolonged ventricular repolarization, and provoked ventricular arrhythmias. An inotropic peptide (BjIP) isolated from the full venom by chromatography increased cardiac contractility but did neither provoke ventricular arrhythmias nor prolong cardiac repolarization. BjIP increased intracellular calcium in ventricular cardiomyocytes and prolonged inactivation of the cardiac sodium current. Low concentrations of tetrodotoxin (200 nmol/L) abolished the effect of BjIP on calcium transients and sodium current. BjIP did not alter the function of Nav1.5, but selectively activated the brain-type sodium channels Nav1.6 or Nav1.3 in cellular electrophysiological recordings obtained from rodent thalamic slices. Nav1.3 (SCN3A) mRNA was detected in human and mouse heart tissue. CONCLUSIONS Our pilot experiments suggest that selective activation of tetrodotoxin-sensitive neuronal sodium channels can safely increase cardiac contractility. As such, the peptide described here may become a lead compound for a new class of positive inotropic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulus Kirchhof
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.).
| | - Tzachy Tal
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Jan Klimas
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Nir Nesher
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Jan S Schulte
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Petra Ehling
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Tatayana Kanyshkova
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Thomas Budde
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Sigrid Nikol
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Lisa Fortmueller
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Birgit Stallmeyer
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Frank U Müller
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Eric Schulze-Bahr
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Wilhelm Schmitz
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Eliahu Zlotkin
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Uwe Kirchhefer
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
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22
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Horvath B, Bers DM. The late sodium current in heart failure: pathophysiology and clinical relevance. ESC Heart Fail 2014; 1:26-40. [PMID: 28834665 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Large and growing body of data suggest that an increased late sodium current (INa,late ) can have a significant pathophysiological role in heart failure and other heart diseases. The first goal of this article is to describe how INa,late functions under physiological circumstances. The second goal is to show the wide range of cellular mechanisms that can increase INa,late in cardiac disease, and also to describe how the up-regulated INa,late contributes to the pathophysiology of heart failure. The final section of the article discusses the possible use of INa,late -modifying drugs in heart failure, on the basis of experimental and preclinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balazs Horvath
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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23
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Pourrier M, Williams S, McAfee D, Belardinelli L, Fedida D. CrossTalk proposal: The late sodium current is an important player in the development of diastolic heart failure (heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction). J Physiol 2014; 592:411-4. [PMID: 24488066 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.262261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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24
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Barnes J, Pat B, Chen YW, Powell PC, Bradley WE, Zheng J, Karki A, Cui X, Guichard J, Wei CC, Collawn J, Dell'Italia LJ. Whole-genome profiling highlights the molecular complexity underlying eccentric cardiac hypertrophy. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 8:97-118. [PMID: 24692245 DOI: 10.1177/1753944714527490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heart failure is typically preceded by myocardial hypertrophy and remodeling, which can be concentric due to pressure overload (PO), or eccentric because of volume overload (VO). The molecular mechanisms that underlie these differing patterns of hypertrophy are distinct and have yet to be fully elucidated. Thus, the goal of this work is to identify novel therapeutic targets for cardiovascular conditions marked by hypertrophy that have previously been resistant to medical treatment, such as a pure VO. METHODS Concentric or eccentric hypertrophy was induced in rats for 2 weeks with transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or aortocaval fistula (ACF), respectively. Hemodynamic and echocardiographic analysis were used to assess the development of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and functional differences between groups. Changes in gene expression were determined by microarray and further characterized with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. RESULTS Both models of hypertrophy increased LV mass. Rats with TAC demonstrated concentric LV remodeling while rats with ACF exhibited eccentric LV remodeling. Microarray analysis associated eccentric remodeling with a more extensive alteration of gene expression compared with concentric remodeling. Rats with VO had a marked activation of extracellular matrix genes, promotion of cell cycle genes, downregulation of genes associated with oxidative metabolism, and dysregulation of genes critical to cardiac contractile function. Rats with PO demonstrated similar categorical changes, but with the involvement of fewer individual genes. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that eccentric remodeling is a far more complex process than concentric remodeling. This study highlights the importance of several key biological functions early in the course of VO, including regulation of matrix, metabolism, cell proliferation, and contractile function. Thus, the results of this analysis will inform the ongoing search for new treatments to prevent the progression to heart failure in VO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Barnes
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USADepartment of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Betty Pat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yuan-Wen Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Pamela C Powell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Wayne E Bradley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Junying Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Amrit Karki
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Xiangqin Cui
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jason Guichard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USADepartment of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Chih-Chang Wei
- Birmingham Department of Veteran Affairs, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - James Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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25
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Grandi E, Herren AW. CaMKII-dependent regulation of cardiac Na(+) homeostasis. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:41. [PMID: 24653702 PMCID: PMC3948048 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Na+ homeostasis is a key regulator of cardiac excitation and contraction. The cardiac voltage-gated Na+ channel, NaV1.5, critically controls cell excitability, and altered channel gating has been implicated in both inherited and acquired arrhythmias. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), a serine/threonine kinase important in cardiac physiology and disease, phosphorylates NaV1.5 at multiple sites within the first intracellular linker loop to regulate channel gating. Although CaMKII sites on the channel have been identified (S516, T594, S571), the relative role of each of these phospho-sites in channel gating properties remains unclear, whereby both loss-of-function (reduced availability) and gain-of-function (late Na+ current, INaL) effects have been reported. Our review highlights investigating the complex multi-site phospho-regulation of NaV1.5 gating is crucial to understanding the genesis of acquired arrhythmias in heart failure (HF) and CaMKII activated conditions. In addition, the increased Na+ influx accompanying INaL may also indirectly contribute to arrhythmia by promoting Ca2+ overload. While the precise mechanisms of Na+ loading during HF remain unclear, and quantitative analyses of the contribution of INaL are lacking, disrupted Na+ homeostasis is a consistent feature of HF. Computational and experimental observations suggest that both increased diastolic Na+ influx and action potential prolongation due to systolic INaL contribute to disruption of Ca2+ handling in failing hearts. Furthermore, simulations reveal a synergistic interaction between perturbed Na+ fluxes and CaMKII, and confirm recent experimental findings of an arrhythmogenic feedback loop, whereby CaMKII activation is at once a cause and a consequence of Na+ loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Grandi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anthony W Herren
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis Davis, CA, USA
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26
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Williams S, Pourrier M, McAfee D, Lin S, Fedida D. Ranolazine improves diastolic function in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H867-81. [PMID: 24464752 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00704.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction can lead to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, for which there is no effective therapeutic. Ranolazine has been reported to reduce diastolic dysfunction, but the specific mechanisms of action are unclear. The effect of ranolazine on diastolic function was examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), where left ventricular relaxation is impaired and stiffness increased. The objective of this study was to determine whether ranolazine improves diastolic function in SHRs and identify the mechanism(s) by which improvement is achieved. Specifically, to test the hypothesis that ranolazine, by inhibiting late sodium current, reduces Ca(2+) overload and promotes ventricular relaxation and reduction in diastolic stiffness, the effects of ranolazine or vehicle on heart function and the response to dobutamine challenge were evaluated in aged male SHRs and Wistar-Kyoto rats by echocardiography and pressure-volume loop analysis. The effects of ranolazine and the more specific sodium channel inhibitor tetrodotoxin were determined on the late sodium current, sarcomere length, and intracellular calcium in isolated cardiomyocytes. Ranolazine reduced the end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship slope and improved diastolic function during dobutamine challenge in the SHR. Ranolazine and tetrodotoxin also enhanced cardiomyocyte relaxation and reduced myoplasmic free Ca(2+) during diastole at high-stimulus rates in the SHR. The density of the late sodium current was elevated in SHRs. In conclusion, ranolazine was effective in reducing diastolic dysfunction in the SHR. Its mechanism of action, at least in part, is consistent with inhibition of the increased late sodium current in the SHR leading to reduced Ca(2+) overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Williams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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27
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Coppini R, Ferrantini C, Mazzoni L, Sartiani L, Olivotto I, Poggesi C, Cerbai E, Mugelli A. Regulation of intracellular Na(+) in health and disease: pathophysiological mechanisms and implications for treatment. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2013; 2013:222-42. [PMID: 24689024 PMCID: PMC3963757 DOI: 10.5339/gcsp.2013.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane sodium (Na+) fluxes and intracellular sodium homeostasis are central players in the physiology of the cardiac myocyte, since they are crucial for both cell excitability and for the regulation of the intracellular calcium concentration. Furthermore, Na+ fluxes across the membrane of mitochondria affect the concentration of protons and calcium in the matrix, regulating mitochondrial function. In this review we first analyze the main molecular determinants of sodium fluxes across the sarcolemma and the mitochondrial membrane and describe their role in the physiology of the healthy myocyte. In particular we focus on the interplay between intracellular Ca2+ and Na+. A large part of the review is dedicated to discuss the changes of Na+ fluxes and intracellular Na+ concentration([Na+]i) occurring in cardiac disease; we specifically focus on heart failure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, where increased intracellular [Na+]i is an established determinant of myocardial dysfunction. We review experimental evidence attributing the increase of [Na+]i to either decreased Na+ efflux (e.g. via the Na+/K+ pump) or increased Na+ influx into the myocyte (e.g. via Na+ channels). In particular, we focus on the role of the “late sodium current” (INaL), a sustained component of the fast Na+ current of cardiac myocytes, which is abnormally enhanced in cardiac diseases and contributes to both electrical and contractile dysfunction. We analyze the pathophysiological role of INaL enhancement in heart failure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and the consequences of its pharmacological modulation, highlighting the clinical implications. The central role of Na+ fluxes and intracellular Na+ physiology and pathophysiology of cardiac myocytes has been highlighted by a large number of recent works. The possibility of modulating Na+ inward fluxes and [Na+]i with specific INaL inhibitors, such as ranolazine, has made Na+a novel suitable target for cardiac therapy, potentially capable of addressing arrhythmogenesis and diastolic dysfunction in severe conditions such as heart failure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Coppini
- Department NeuroFarBa, Division of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ferrantini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, division of Physiology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Mazzoni
- Department NeuroFarBa, Division of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Sartiani
- Department NeuroFarBa, Division of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Iacopo Olivotto
- Referral Center for Cardiomyopathies, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Corrado Poggesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, division of Physiology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cerbai
- Department NeuroFarBa, Division of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mugelli
- Department NeuroFarBa, Division of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Italy
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28
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Ni Y, Wang T, Zhuo X, Song B, Zhang J, Wei F, Bai H, Wang X, Yang D, Gao L, Ma A. Bisoprolol reversed small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (SK) remodeling in a volume-overload rat model. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 384:95-103. [PMID: 23975505 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1785-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A recent study indicated that apamin-sensitive current (I KAS, mediated by apamin-sensitive small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels subunits) density significantly increased in heart failure and led to recurrent spontaneous ventricular fibrillation. While the underlying molecular correlation with SK channels is still undetermined, we hypothesized that they are remodeled in HF and that bisoprolol could reverse the remodeling. Volume-overload models were created on male Sprague-Dawley rats by producing an abdominal arteriovenous fistula. Confocal microscopy, quantitative real-time PCR, and western blot were performed to investigate the expression of SK channels and observe the influence of β-blocker bisoprolol on the expression of SK channels I KAS, and the effect of bisoprolol on I KAS and the sensitivity of I KAS to [Ca(2+)]i at single isolated cells were also explored using whole-cell patch clamp techniques. SK channels were remodeled in HF rats, displaying the significant increase of SK1 and SK3 channel expression. After the treatment of HF rats with bisoprolol, the expression of SK1 and SK3 channels was significantly downregulated, and bisoprolol effectively downregulated I KAS density as well as the sensitivity of I KAS to [Ca(2+)]i. Our data indicated that the expression of SK1 and SK3 increased in HF. Bisoprolol effectively attenuated the change and downregulated I KAS density as well as the sensitivity of I KAS to [Ca(2+)]i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Ni
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
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29
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Toischer K, Hartmann N, Wagner S, Fischer TH, Herting J, Danner BC, Sag CM, Hund TJ, Mohler PJ, Belardinelli L, Hasenfuss G, Maier LS, Sossalla S. Role of late sodium current as a potential arrhythmogenic mechanism in the progression of pressure-induced heart disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 61:111-22. [PMID: 23570977 PMCID: PMC3720777 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the characteristics of the late Na current (INaL) and its arrhythmogenic potential in the progression of pressure-induced heart disease. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was used to induce pressure overload in mice. After one week the hearts developed isolated hypertrophy with preserved systolic contractility. In patch-clamp experiments both, INaL and the action potential duration (APD90) were unchanged. In contrast, after five weeks animals developed heart failure with prolonged APDs and slowed INaL decay time which could be normalized by addition of the INaL inhibitor ranolazine (Ran) or by the Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor AIP. Accordingly the APD90 could be significantly abbreviated by Ran, tetrodotoxin and the CaMKII inhibitor AIP. Isoproterenol increased the number of delayed afterdepolarizations (DAD) in myocytes from failing but not sham hearts. Application of either Ran or AIP prevented the occurrence of DADs. Moreover, the incidence of triggered activity was significantly increased in TAC myocytes and was largely prevented by Ran and AIP. Western blot analyses indicate that increased CaMKII activity and a hyperphosphorylation of the Nav1.5 at the CaMKII phosphorylation site (Ser571) paralleled our functional observations five weeks after TAC surgery. In pressure overload-induced heart failure a CaMKII-dependent augmentation of INaL plays a crucial role in the AP prolongation and generation of cellular arrhythmogenic triggers, which cannot be found in early and still compensated hypertrophy. Inhibition of INaL and CaMKII exerts potent antiarrhythmic effects and might therefore be of potential therapeutic interest. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Na(+) Regulation in Cardiac Myocytes".
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Toischer
- Abt. Kardiologie und Pneumologie / Herzzentrum, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nico Hartmann
- Abt. Kardiologie und Pneumologie / Herzzentrum, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Abt. Kardiologie und Pneumologie / Herzzentrum, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas H. Fischer
- Abt. Kardiologie und Pneumologie / Herzzentrum, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Herting
- Abt. Kardiologie und Pneumologie / Herzzentrum, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard C. Danner
- Abt. Herzund Thoraxchirurgie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany
| | - Can M. Sag
- Abt. Kardiologie und Pneumologie / Herzzentrum, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas J. Hund
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Dept. of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Peter J. Mohler
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Dept. of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Abt. Kardiologie und Pneumologie / Herzzentrum, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lars S. Maier
- Abt. Kardiologie und Pneumologie / Herzzentrum, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Abt. Kardiologie und Pneumologie / Herzzentrum, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany
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30
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Late sodium current inhibition in acquired and inherited ventricular (dys)function and arrhythmias. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2013; 27:91-101. [PMID: 23292167 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-012-6433-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The late sodium current has been increasingly recognized for its mechanistic role in various cardiovascular pathologies, including angina pectoris, myocardial ischemia, atrial fibrillation, heart failure and congenital long QT syndrome. Although relatively small in magnitude, the late sodium current (I(NaL)) represents a functionally relevant contributor to cardiomyocyte (electro)physiology. Many aspects of I(NaL) itself are as yet still unresolved, including its distribution and function in different cell types throughout the heart, and its regulation by sodium channel accessory proteins and intracellular signalling pathways. Its complexity is further increased by a close interrelationship with the peak sodium current and other ion currents, hindering the development of inhibitors with selective and specific properties. Thus, increased knowledge of the intricacies of the complex nature of I(NaL) during distinct cardiovascular conditions and its potential as a pharmacological target is essential. Here, we provide an overview of the functional and electrophysiological effects of late sodium current inhibition on the level of the ventricular myocyte, and its potential cardioprotective and anti-arrhythmic efficacy in the setting of acquired and inherited ventricular dysfunction and arrhythmias.
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31
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Minotti G. Pharmacology at work for cardio-oncology: ranolazine to treat early cardiotoxicity induced by antitumor drugs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 346:343-9. [PMID: 23818683 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.204057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antitumor drugs may cause asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction that introduces a lifetime risk of heart failure or myocardial infarction. Cardio-oncology is the discipline committed to the cardiac surveillance and management of cancer patients and survivors; however, cardio-oncology teams do not always attempt to treat early diastolic dysfunction. Common cardiovascular drugs, such as β blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or others, would be of uncertain efficacy in diastolic dysfunction. This perspective describes the potential value of ranolazine, an antianginal drug that improves myocardial perfusion by relieving diastolic wall tension and dysfunction. Ranolazine acts by inhibiting the late inward sodium current, and pharmacological reasonings anticipate that antitumor anthracyclines and nonanthracycline chemotherapeutics might well induce anomalous activation of this current. These notions formed the rationale for a clinical study of the efficacy and safety of ranolazine in cancer patients. This study was not designed to demonstrate that ranolazine reduced the lifetime risk of cardiac events; it was designed as a short term proof-of-concept study that probed the following hypotheses: 1) asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction could be detected a few days after patients completed antitumor therapy, and 2) ranolazine was active and safe in relieving echocardiographic and/or biohumoral indices of diastolic dysfunction, measured at 5 weeks or 6 months of ranolazine administration. These facts illustrate the translational value of pharmacology, which goes from identifying therapeutic opportunities to validating hypotheses in clinical settings. Pharmacology is a key to the success of cardio-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Minotti
- CIR and Drug Sciences, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
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32
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Krandycheva V, Kharin S, Strelkova M, Shumikhin K, Sobolev A, Shmakov D. Ventricular repolarization in a rat model of global heart failure. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 40:431-7. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Krandycheva
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology; Institute of Physiology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Syktyvkar; Russia
| | - Sergey Kharin
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology; Institute of Physiology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Syktyvkar; Russia
| | - Marina Strelkova
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology; Institute of Physiology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Syktyvkar; Russia
| | - Konstantin Shumikhin
- Department of Biomedical Disciplines; Komi Branch of Kirov State Medical Academy; Syktyvkar; Russia
| | - Aleksey Sobolev
- Department of Physiology; Komi Branch of Kirov State Medical Academy; Syktyvkar; Russia
| | - Dmitry Shmakov
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology; Institute of Physiology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Syktyvkar; Russia
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Herren AW, Bers DM, Grandi E. Post-translational modifications of the cardiac Na channel: contribution of CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation to acquired arrhythmias. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H431-45. [PMID: 23771687 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00306.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The voltage-gated Na channel isoform 1.5 (NaV1.5) is the pore forming α-subunit of the voltage-gated cardiac Na channel, which is responsible for the initiation and propagation of cardiac action potentials. Mutations in the SCN5A gene encoding NaV1.5 have been linked to changes in the Na current leading to a variety of arrhythmogenic phenotypes, and alterations in the NaV1.5 expression level, Na current density, and/or gating have been observed in acquired cardiac disorders, including heart failure. The precise mechanisms underlying these abnormalities have not been fully elucidated. However, several recent studies have made it clear that NaV1.5 forms a macromolecular complex with a number of proteins that modulate its expression levels, localization, and gating and is the target of extensive post-translational modifications, which may also influence all these properties. We review here the molecular aspects of cardiac Na channel regulation and their functional consequences. In particular, we focus on the molecular and functional aspects of Na channel phosphorylation by the Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, which is hyperactive in heart failure and has been causally linked to cardiac arrhythmia. Understanding the mechanisms of altered NaV1.5 expression and function is crucial for gaining insight into arrhythmogenesis and developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W Herren
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, California
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Cieniawa J, Baszak J, Olchowik G, Widomska J. Modeling gender effects on electrical activity of single ventricular myocytes. Comput Biol Med 2013; 43:1063-72. [PMID: 23726761 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigate the mechanisms underlying gender differences in the generation of arrhythmias in the long QT and Brugada syndromes. Simulations were conducted at the single myocyte level using a detailed mathematical model of human ventricular myocytes. Given the scarce human data on the gender-related differences in single cardiac cells, we assumed gender-related differences in five ionic-current systems: fast sodium current (INa), slowly inactivating late sodium current (INal), transient outward potassium current (Ito), slow delayed rectifier potassium current (IKs), and calcium current through the L-type channel (ICa(L)), based on experimental results obtained in canine myocytes. Our modeling results suggest that in left ventricular myocytes, enhanced INal under conditions of reduced repolarization reserve results in sex-dependent development of early afterdepolarizations (EADs) in the post-pause action potentials (APs). Moreover, this modeling study demonstrates increased propensity for the development of the loss of the AP dome in male epicardial myocytes of the right ventricle compared with other types of myocytes from the left and right ventricles. Finally, we also found a slight effect of INal on gender-dependent loss of AP dome in epicardial right ventricular myocytes. In conclusion, at the cellular level, gender differences in the development of EADs and the propensity to develop the loss of the AP dome can be attributed to male/female related differences in INa, INal, Ito, IKs, and ICa(L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Cieniawa
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland.
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Aiba T, Barth AS, Hesketh GG, Hashambhoy YL, Chakir K, Tunin RS, Greenstein JL, Winslow RL, Kass DA, Tomaselli GF. Cardiac resynchronization therapy improves altered Na channel gating in canine model of dyssynchronous heart failure. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2013; 6:546-54. [PMID: 23650309 DOI: 10.1161/circep.113.000400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Slowed Na⁺ current (INa) decay and enhanced late INa (INa-L) prolong the action potential duration (APD) and contribute to early afterdepolarizations. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) shortens APD compared with dyssynchronous heart failure (DHF); however, the role of altered Na⁺ channel gating in CRT remains unexplored. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult dogs underwent left-bundle branch ablation and right atrial pacing (200 beats/min) for 6 weeks (DHF) or 3 weeks followed by 3 weeks of biventricular pacing at the same rate (CRT). INa and INa-L were measured in left ventricular myocytes from nonfailing, DHF, and CRT dogs. DHF shifted voltage-dependence of INa availability by -3 mV compared with nonfailing, enhanced intermediate inactivation, and slowed recovery from inactivation. CRT reversed the DHF-induced voltage shift of availability, partially reversed enhanced intermediate inactivation but did not affect DHF-induced slowed recovery. DHF markedly increased INa-L compared with nonfailing. CRT dramatically reduced DHF-induced enhanced INa-L, abbreviated the APD, and suppressed early afterdepolarizations. CRT was associated with a global reduction in phosphorylated Ca²⁺/Calmodulin protein kinase II, which has distinct effects on inactivation of cardiac Na⁺ channels. In a canine AP model, alterations of INa-L are sufficient to reproduce the effects on APD observed in DHF and CRT myocytes. CONCLUSIONS CRT improves DHF-induced alterations of Na⁺ channel function, especially suppression of INa-L, thus, abbreviating the APD and reducing the frequency of early afterdepolarizations. Changes in the levels of phosphorylated Ca²⁺/Calmodulin protein kinase II suggest a molecular pathway for regulation of INa by biventricular pacing of the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Aiba
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Isoproterenol instigates cardiomyocyte apoptosis and heart failure via AMPK inactivation-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. Apoptosis 2013; 18:800-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Vakhitova YV, Farafontova EI, Khisamutdinova RY, Yunusov VM, Tsypysheva IP, Yunusov MS. A study of the mechanism of the antiarrhythmic action of Allapinin. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2013; 39:105-16. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162013010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
The late Na current is of pathophysiological importance for the heart. Ranolazine is an innovative anti-ischemic and antianginal agent that inhibits the late Na current, thereby reducing the Na-dependent Ca-overload, which improves diastolic tone and oxygen handling during myocardial ischemia. In addition, ranolazine seems to exert beneficial effects on diastolic cardiac function. Moreover, there are experimental and clinical data about its antiarrhythmic properties. A beneficial atrial selectivity of ranolazine has been suggested that may be helpful for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. The purpose of this review article is to discuss possible future clinical indications based on novel experimental and preclinical results and the significance of the available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars S Maier
- Abteilung Kardiologie und Pneumologie/Herzzentrum, Deutsches Zentrum für Herzkreislaufforschung, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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Schulte JS, Seidl MD, Nunes F, Freese C, Schneider M, Schmitz W, Müller FU. CREB critically regulates action potential shape and duration in the adult mouse ventricle. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 302:H1998-2007. [PMID: 22427515 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00057.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) belongs to the CREB/cAMP response element binding modulator/activating transcription factor 1 family of cAMP-dependent transcription factors mediating a regulation of gene transcription in response to cAMP. Chronic stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors and the cAMP-dependent signal transduction pathway by elevated plasma catecholamines play a central role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Ion channel remodeling, particularly a decreased transient outward current (I(to)), and subsequent action potential (AP) prolongation are hallmarks of the failing heart. Here, we studied the role of CREB for ion channel regulation in mice with a cardiomyocyte-specific knockout of CREB (CREB KO). APs of CREB KO cardiomyocytes were prolonged with increased AP duration at 50 and 70% repolarization and accompanied by a by 51% reduction of I(to) peak amplitude as detected in voltage-clamp measurements. We observed a 29% reduction of Kcnd2/Kv4.2 mRNA in CREB KO cardiomyocytes mice while the other I(to)-related channel subunits Kv4.3 and KChIP2 were not different between groups. Accordingly, Kv4.2 protein was reduced by 37% in CREB KO. However, we were not able to detect a direct regulation of Kv4.2 by CREB. The I(to)-dependent AP prolongation went along with an increase of I(Na) and a decrease of I(Ca,L) associated with an upregulation of Scn8a/Nav1.6 and downregulation of Cacna1c/Cav1.2 mRNA in CREB KO cardiomyocytes. Our results from mice with cardiomyocyte-specific inactivation of CREB definitively indicate that CREB critically regulates the AP shape and duration in the mouse ventricle, which might have an impact on ion channel remodeling in situations of altered cAMP-dependent signaling like heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Schulte
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Sossalla S, Kallmeyer B, Wagner S, Mazur M, Maurer U, Toischer K, Schmitto JD, Seipelt R, Schöndube FA, Hasenfuss G, Belardinelli L, Maier LS. Altered Na+Currents in Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 55:2330-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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