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Redfern JM, Hawkes S, Bryan A, Cullington D, Ashrafi R. The oxygen uptake efficiency slope in adults with CHD: group validity. Cardiol Young 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38220472 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951123004365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The maximal oxygen uptake (V02 max) is a well-validated measure of cardiorespiratory function that is calculated during a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test. V02 max enables physicians to objectively assess cardiopulmonary function to aid in decision-making for patients with CHD. A significant proportion of these patients however are unable to achieve a maximal exercise test, and as such, there is a need for reliable submaximal predictors of cardiorespiratory reserve.The oxygen uptake efficiency slope represents a measure of how effectively oxygen is extracted from the lungs and taken into the body and can be calculated from a submaximal exercise test. Its reliability as a predictor of cardiorespiratory reserve has been validated in various patient populations, but there is limited evidence for its validity in adult patients with CHD.Retrospective analysis of cardiopulmonary exercise test data in 238 consecutive patients with CHD who completed a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test at our tertiary cardiology centre demonstrated a strong correlation between peak V02 and the oxygen uptake efficiency slope (0.936). A strong correlation with peak V02 was also demonstrated when oxygen uptake efficiency slope was calculated at ventilatory anaerobic threshold (OUESVAT), 75% (OUES75), and 90% (OUES90) of the test (0.833, 0.905, 0.927 respectively).In adult patients with CHD who are unable to complete a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test, the oxygen uptake efficiency slope is a reliable indicator of cardiopulmonary fitness which correlates strongly with peak V02 at or beyond the ventilatory anaerobic threshold. Further research is required to validate the findings in patients with less common anatomies and to assess the relationship between the oxygen uptake efficiency slope and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Redfern
- Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Chester, UK
| | - S Hawkes
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, LP, UK
| | - A Bryan
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, GM, UK
| | - D Cullington
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, LP, UK
| | - R Ashrafi
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, LP, UK
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Leitner BP, Siebel S, Akingbesote ND, Zhang X, Perry RJ. Insulin and cancer: a tangled web. Biochem J 2022; 479:583-607. [PMID: 35244142 PMCID: PMC9022985 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For a century, since the pioneering work of Otto Warburg, the interwoven relationship between metabolism and cancer has been appreciated. More recently, with obesity rates rising in the U.S. and worldwide, epidemiologic evidence has supported a link between obesity and cancer. A substantial body of work seeks to mechanistically unpack the association between obesity, altered metabolism, and cancer. Without question, these relationships are multifactorial and cannot be distilled to a single obesity- and metabolism-altering hormone, substrate, or factor. However, it is important to understand the hormone-specific associations between metabolism and cancer. Here, we review the links between obesity, metabolic dysregulation, insulin, and cancer, with an emphasis on current investigational metabolic adjuncts to standard-of-care cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooks P. Leitner
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
| | - Stephan Siebel
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
- Departments of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
| | - Ngozi D. Akingbesote
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
| | - Rachel J. Perry
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
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3
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Busin D, Lehnen AM, Tairova OS, Comparsi EP, Carneiro D, Potter M, Deresz LF, Lago PD, Nunes RB. Continuous Aerobic Training and High Intensity Interval Training Increase Exercise Tolerance in Heart Failure Patients: A Retrospective Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.36660/ijcs.20200124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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4
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The Spatiotemporal Patterns of Climate Asymmetric Warming and Vegetation Activities in an Arid and Semiarid Region. CLIMATE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cli8120145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric warming was bound to have a major impact on terrestrial ecosystems in arid regions during global warming. Further study was necessary to reveal the spatiotemporal patterns of asymmetric warming in Xinjiang; this study analyzed the climate and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data (2000–2020). The change trends of the day and nighttime warming (DNW), seasonal warming, and the diurnal temperature range in northern Xinjiang (S1) and southern Xinjiang (S2) were determined. The findings indicated that the DNW rate showed a significant (p < 0.05) upward trend, especially in winter. The nighttime warming rate (0.65 °C (decade)−1) was faster than the daytime warming rate (0.4 °C (decade)−1), and the diurnal temperature range between daytime and nighttime exhibited a decreasing trend. The diurnal temperature range was the highest in spring and the lowest in winter. Extreme values of the diurnal temperature range appeared in autumn (48.6 °C) and winter (12.3 °C) and both in S1. The Tmin in S1 had an abruption trend in 2006–2017, the Tmax in S2 had an abruption trend in 2005–2011, and the probability of spatial abruption in S1 was higher than that in S2. The partial correlation between the NDVI and Tmin was significantly higher than that between the NDVI and Tmax in the area where the significance test passed; therefore, asymmetric nighttime warming had a greater impact on the NDVI than the asymmetric daytime warming.
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Cross TJ, Kim CH, Johnson BD, Lalande S. The interactions between respiratory and cardiovascular systems in systolic heart failure. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 128:214-224. [PMID: 31774354 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00113.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex and multifaceted disease. The disease affects multiple organ systems, including the respiratory system. This review provides three unique examples illustrating how the cardiovascular and respiratory systems interrelate because of the pathology of HF. Specifically, these examples outline the impact of HF pathophysiology on 1) respiratory mechanics and the mechanical "cost" of breathing; 2) mechanical interactions of the heart and lungs; and on 3) abnormalities of pulmonary gas exchange during exercise, and how this may be applied to treatment. The goal of this review is to, therefore, raise the awareness that HF, though primarily a disease of the heart, is accompanied by marked pathology of the respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy James Cross
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota
| | - Chul-Ho Kim
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota
| | - Bruce D Johnson
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota
| | - Sophie Lalande
- Department of Kinesiology and Heath Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Kim CH, Sajgalik P, Van Iterson EH, Jae SY, Johnson BD. The effect of remote ischemic pre-conditioning on pulmonary vascular pressure and gas exchange in healthy humans during hypoxia. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2019; 261:62-66. [PMID: 30658096 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether rIPC alters the typical changes in pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary gas exchange associated with exercise in hypoxia. METHODS 16 healthy adults were randomized to either rIPC treatment (n = 8) or control (n = 8). Afterward, subjects performed supine ergometry at constant load (30 W, 40˜50 rpm) for 25 min during hypoxia (12.5% O2). Following a 90˜120 min rest, either rIPC or sham treatment was performed, which was then followed by post-assessment exercise. Throughout exercise, pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) were measured via echocardiography, while pulmonary gas exchange was being assessed. RESULTS The rICP group demonstrated improved PASP and mPAP (p < 0.05), whereas the control group did not. Additionally, breathing efficiency (VE/VCO2) and end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2) were improved in rIPC group (p < 0.05), but not in controls. CONCLUSION These data suggest that rIPC contributes to reduced pulmonary arterial pressure, and improved pulmonary gas exchange during hypoxic exercise. However, follow-up studies are needed to apply these findings to patient care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Ho Kim
- Human Integrative Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
| | - Pavol Sajgalik
- Human Integrative Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Erik H Van Iterson
- Human Integrative Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sae Young Jae
- Department of Sports Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bruce D Johnson
- Human Integrative Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Kim CH, Van Iterson EH, Hansen JE, MacCarter DJ, Johnson BD. Streamlining cardiopulmonary exercise testing for use as a screening and tracking tool in primary care. Pulm Circ 2018; 8:2045894018776489. [PMID: 29693481 PMCID: PMC5987906 DOI: 10.1177/2045894018776489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) using a spectrum of different approaches demonstrates usefulness for objectively assessing patient disease severity in clinical and research settings. Still, an absence of trained specialists and/or improper data interpretation techniques can pose major limitations to the effective use of CPET for the clinical classification of patients. This study aimed to test an automated disease likelihood scoring algorithm system based on cardiopulmonary responses during a simplified step-test protocol. For patients with heart failure (HF), pulmonary hypertension (PAH), obstructive lung disease (OLD), or restrictive lung disease (RLD), we compared patient scores stratified into one of four "silos" generated from our novel algorithm system against patient evaluations provided by expert clinicians. Patients with HF (n = 12), PAH (n = 9), OLD (n = 16), or RLD (n = 10) performed baseline pulmonary function testing followed by submaximal step-testing. Breath-by-breath measures of ventilation and gas exchange, in addition to oxygen saturation and heart rate were collected continuously throughout testing. The algorithm demonstrated close alignment with patient assessments provided by clinical specialists: HF (r = 0.89, P < 0.01); PAH (r = 0.88, P < 0.01); OLD (r = 0.70, P < 0.01); and RLD (r = 0.88, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the algorithm was capable of differentiating major disease from other disease pathologies. Thus, in a clinically relevant manner, these data suggest this simplified automated disease algorithm scoring system used during step-testing to identify the likelihood that patients have HF, PAH, OLD, or RLD closely correlates with patient assessments conducted by trained clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Ho Kim
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - James E. Hansen
- Respiratory and critical care physiology and medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Dean J. MacCarter
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bruce D. Johnson
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Kim CH, Hansen JE, MacCarter DJ, Johnson BD. Algorithm for Predicting Disease Likelihood From a Submaximal Exercise Test. Clin Med Insights Circ Respir Pulm Med 2017; 11:1179548417719248. [PMID: 28757799 PMCID: PMC5513526 DOI: 10.1177/1179548417719248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a simplified automated algorithm to interpret noninvasive gas exchange in healthy subjects and patients with heart failure (HF, n = 12), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH, n = 11), chronic obstructive lung disease (OLD, n = 16), and restrictive lung disease (RLD, n = 12). They underwent spirometry and thereafter an incremental 3-minute step test where heart rate and SpO2 respiratory gas exchange were obtained. A custom-developed algorithm for each disease pathology was used to interpret outcomes. Each algorithm for HF, PAH, OLD, and RLD was capable of differentiating disease groups (P < .05) as well as healthy cohorts (n = 19, P < .05). In addition, this algorithm identified referral pathology and coexisting disease. Our primary finding was that the ranking algorithm worked well to identify the primary referral pathology; however, coexisting disease in many of these pathologies in some cases equally contributed to the cardiorespiratory abnormalities. Automated algorithms will help guide decision making and simplify a traditionally complex and often time-consuming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Ho Kim
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James E Hansen
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dean J MacCarter
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bruce D Johnson
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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9
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Taylor BJ, Snyder EM, Richert ML, Wheatley CM, Chase SC, Olson LJ, Johnson BD. Effect of β 2-adrenergic receptor stimulation on lung fluid in stable heart failure patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016; 36:418-426. [PMID: 27863863 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) whether stable heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) have elevated extravascular lung water (EVLW) when compared with healthy control subjects; and (2) the effect of acute β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonist inhalation on lung fluid balance. METHODS Twenty-two stable HFrEF patients and 18 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects were studied. Lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), alveolar-capillary membrane conductance (DmCO), pulmonary capillary blood volume (Vc) (via re-breathe) and lung tissue volume (Vtis) (via computed tomography) were assessed before and within 30 minutes after administration of nebulized albuterol. EVLW was derived as Vtis - Vc. RESULTS Before administration of albuterol, Vtis and EVLW were higher in HFrEF vs control (998 ± 200 vs 884 ± 123 ml, p = 0.041; and 943 ± 202 vs 802 ± 133 ml, p = 0.015, respectively). Albuterol decreased Vtis and EVLW in HFrEF patients (-4.6 ± 7.8%, p = 0.010; -4.6 ± 8.8%, p = 0.018) and control subjects (-2.8 ± 4.9%, p = 0.029; -3.0 ± 5.7%, p = 0.045). There was an inverse relationship between pre-albuterol values and pre- to post-albuterol change for EVLW (r2 = -0.264, p = 0.015) and DmCO (r2 = -0.343, p = 0.004) in HFrEF only. CONCLUSION Lung fluid is elevated in stable HFrEF patients relative to healthy subjects. Stimulation of β2ARs may cause fluid removal in HFrEF, especially in patients with greater evidence of increased lung water at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Taylor
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Eric M Snyder
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Maile L Richert
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Courtney M Wheatley
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Steven C Chase
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lyle J Olson
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bruce D Johnson
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Malhotra R, Bakken K, D'Elia E, Lewis GD. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Heart Failure. JACC-HEART FAILURE 2016; 4:607-16. [PMID: 27289406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exercise intolerance, indicated by dyspnea and fatigue during exertion, is a cardinal manifestation of heart failure (HF). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) precisely defines maximum exercise capacity through measurement of peak oxygen uptake (VO2). Peak VO2 values have a critical role in informing patient selection for advanced HF interventions such as heart transplantation and ventricular assist devices. Oxygen uptake and ventilatory patterns obtained during the submaximal portion of CPET are also valuable to recognize because of their ease of ascertainment during low-level exercise, relevance to ability to perform activities of daily living, independence from volitional effort, and strong relationship to prognosis in HF. The ability of peak VO2 and other CPET variables to be measured reproducibly and to accurately reflect HF severity is increasingly recognized and endorsed by scientific statements. Integration of CPET with invasive hemodynamic monitoring and cardiac imaging during exercise provides comprehensive characterization of multisystem reserve capacity that can inform prognosis and the need for cardiac interventions. Here, we review both practical aspects of conducting CPETs in patients with HF for clinical and research purposes as well as interpretation of gas exchange patterns across the spectrum of preclinical HF to advanced HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Malhotra
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristian Bakken
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emilia D'Elia
- Cardiovascular Department, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo Italy; University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gregory D Lewis
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Pastor P, Zamorano JL. Tratamiento de resincronización en Cataluña: la eficacia y el coste de latir juntos o separados. Med Clin (Barc) 2016; 146:440-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Gunneson T, Johnson B, Findlay J, Joyner M, Watt K. Comparing Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in End-Stage Liver Disease Patients. Transplant Proc 2015; 47:2470-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kim CH, Jae SY, Johnson BD. Pulmonary Hypertension and Cardiopulmonary Exercise in Heart Failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:143-51. [PMID: 26389080 PMCID: PMC4315347 DOI: 10.1159/000360964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In heart failure (HF), pulmonary hypertension (PH) is initially associated with a rise in the left ventricular filling pressure. PH is defined by pulmonary hemodynamic measurements including pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. Eventually, PH in HF may become more of a reactive process. Although the mechanism of the reactive PH development is not clearly understood, vascular dysfunction induced by remodeling, vasoactive substances and genetic variation appear to contribute significantly to this form of PH. Noninvasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing has been extensively utilized to assess disease severity in HF patients. It provides integrated information that is dependent on cardiopulmonary hemodynamics, lung mechanics, breathing pattern and strategy. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms of PH development in HF and how noninvasive gas exchange measures obtained with submaximal exercise are influenced by PH in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Ho Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn., USA
| | - Sae Young Jae
- The Health and Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bruce D Johnson
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn., USA
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14
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Kim CH, Olson LJ, Shen WK, Cha YM, Johnson BD. Ventilatory gas exchange and early response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015; 34:1430-5. [PMID: 26163155 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an accepted intervention for chronic heart failure (HF), although approximately 30% of patients are non-responders. The purpose of this study was to determine whether exercise respiratory gas exchange obtained before CRT implantation predicts early response to CRT. METHODS Before CRT implantation, patients were assigned to either a mild-moderate group (Mod G, n = 33, age 67 ± 10 years) or a moderate-severe group (Sev G, n = 31, age 67 ± 10 years), based on abnormalities in exercise gas exchange. Severity of impaired gas exchange was based on a score from the measures of VE/VCO(2) slope, resting PETCO(2) and change of PETCO(2) from resting to peak. All measurements were performed before and 3 to 4 months after CRT implantation. RESULTS Although Mod G did not have improved gas exchange (p > 0.05), Sev G improved significantly (p < 0.05) post-CRT. In addition, Mod G did not show improved right ventricular systolic pressure (RSVP; pre vs post: 37 ± 14 vs 36 ± 11 mm Hg, p > 0.05), yet Sev G showed significantly improved RVSP, by 23% (50 ± 14 vs 42 ± 12 mm Hg, p < 0.05). Both groups had improved left ventricular ejection fraction (p < 0.05), New York Heart Association class (p < 0.05) and quality of life (p < 0.05), but no significant differences were observed between groups (p > 0.05). No significant changes were observed in brain natriuretic peptide in either group post-CRT. CONCLUSION Based on pre-CRT implantation ventilatory gas exchange, subjects with the most impaired values appeared to have more improvement post-CRT, possibly associated with a decrease in RVSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Ho Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Lyle J Olson
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Win K Shen
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Yong-Mei Cha
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Bruce D Johnson
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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15
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Comprehensive analysis of cardiopulmonary exercise testing and mortality in patients with systolic heart failure: the Henry Ford Hospital cardiopulmonary exercise testing (FIT-CPX) project. J Card Fail 2015; 21:710-8. [PMID: 26067685 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have shown a strong association between numerous variables from a cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) test and prognosis in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, few studies have compared the prognostic value of a majority of these variables simultaneously, so controversy remains regarding optimal interpretation. METHODS AND RESULTS This was a retrospective analysis of patients with HFrEF (n = 1,201; age = 55 ± 13 y; 33% female) and a CPX test from 1997 to 2010. Thirty variables from a CPX test were considered in separate adjusted Cox regression analyses to describe the strength of the relation of each to a composite end point of all-cause mortality, left ventricular assist device implantation, or heart transplantation. During a median follow-up of 3.8 years, there were 577 (48.0%) events. The majority of variables were highly significant (P < .001). Among these, percentage of predicted maximum V˙O2 (ppMV˙O2; Wald = 203; P < .001; C-index = 0.73) was similar to VE-VCO2 slope (Wald = 201; P < .001; C = 0.72) and peak V˙O2 (Wald = 161; P < .001; C = 0.72). In addition, there was no significant interaction observed for peak respiratory exchange ratio <1 vs ≥1. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with prior studies, many CPX test variables were strongly associated with prognosis in patients with HFrEF. The choice of which variable to use is up to the clinician. Renewed attention should be given to ppMV˙O2, which appears to be highly predictive of survival in these patients.
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Corrà U, Agostoni P, Piepoli MF. Metabolic exercise data combined with cardiac and kidney indexes: MECKI score. Predictive role in cardiopulmonary exercise testing with low respiratory exchange ratio in heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2015; 184:299-301. [PMID: 25731843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Corrà
- Cardiology Division, IRCCS Fondazione 'S. Maugeri', Centro Medico e di Riabilitazione di Veruno, Via per Revislate 13, 28010 Veruno, Novara, Italy.
| | - Piergiuseppe Agostoni
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, University of Milan, Italy
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Corrà U, Piepoli MF, Adamopoulos S, Agostoni P, Coats AJ, Conraads V, Lambrinou E, Pieske B, Piotrowicz E, Schmid JP, Seferović PM, Anker SD, Filippatos G, Ponikowski PP. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in systolic heart failure in 2014: the evolving prognostic role. Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 16:929-41. [DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Corrà
- Cardiology Division, IRCCS Fondazione ‘S. Maugeri’; Centro Medico e di Riabilitazione di Veruno; Veruno Novara Italy
| | - Massimo F. Piepoli
- Heart Failure Unit, Cardiac Department; G Da Saliceto Hospital; Piacenza Italy
| | | | | | - Andrew J.S. Coats
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia and University of Warwick; Coventry UK
| | - Viviane Conraads
- Department of Cardiology; Antwerp University Hospital; Edegem Antwerpen Belgium
| | | | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Cardiology Medical University Graz; Austria
| | - Ewa Piotrowicz
- Telecardiology Center; Institute of Cardiology; Warsaw Poland
| | - Jean-Paul Schmid
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Prevention, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine; Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Switzerland
| | - Petar M. Seferović
- Polyclinic of the Clinical Centre of Serbia, and Department of Internal Medicine Belgrade University School of Medicine; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Stefan D. Anker
- Applied Cachexia Research; Department of Cardiology, Charitè, Campus Virchow Klinikum; Berlin Germany
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology; University Hospital Attikon; Athens Greece
| | - Piotr P. Ponikowski
- Department of Heart Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences; Wroclaw Medical University Military Hospital; Wroclaw Poland
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18
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Melenovsky V, Kotrc M, Polak J, Pelikanova T, Bendlova B, Cahova M, Malek I, Jarolim P, Kazdova L, Kautzner J. Availability of energetic substrates and exercise performance in heart failure with or without diabetes. Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 14:754-63. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfs080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Melenovsky
- Department of Cardiology; Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-IKEM; Prague 4 140 28 Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kotrc
- Department of Cardiology; Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-IKEM; Prague 4 140 28 Czech Republic
| | - Jan Polak
- Department of Cardiology; Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-IKEM; Prague 4 140 28 Czech Republic
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; The Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Terezie Pelikanova
- Diabetes Center, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-IKEM; Prague Czech Republic
| | | | - Monika Cahova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-IKEM; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Malek
- Department of Cardiology; Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-IKEM; Prague 4 140 28 Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jarolim
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-IKEM; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kazdova
- Department of Pathology; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Josef Kautzner
- Department of Cardiology; Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-IKEM; Prague 4 140 28 Czech Republic
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19
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Kim CH, Cha YM, Shen WK, Maccarter DJ, Taylor BJ, Johnson BD. Effects of atrioventricular and interventricular delays on gas exchange during exercise in patients with heart failure. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014; 33:397-403. [PMID: 24594137 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.01.855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been an important treatment for heart failure. However, it is controversial as to whether an individualized approach to altering AV and VV timing intervals would improve outcomes. Changes in respiratory patterns and gas exchange are dynamic and may be influenced by timing delays. Light exercise enhances the heart and lung interactions. Thus, in this study we investigated changes in non-invasive gas exchange by altering AV and VV timing intervals during light exercise. METHODS Patients (n = 20, age 66 ± 9 years) performed two walking tests post-implantation. The protocol evaluated AV delays (100, 120, 140, 160 and 180 milliseconds), followed by VV delays (0, -20 and -40 milliseconds) while gas exchange was assessed. RESULTS There was no consistent group pattern of change in gas exchange variables across AV and VV delays (p > 0.05). However, there were modest changes in these variables on an individual basis with variations in VE/VCO2 averaging 10%; O2 pulse 11% and PETCO2 5% across AV delays, and 4%, 8% and 2%, respectively, across VV delays. Delays that resulted in the most improved gas exchange differed from nominal in 17 of 20 subjects. CONCLUSION Gas exchange measures can be improved by optimization of AV and VV delays and thus could be used to individualize the approach to CRT optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Ho Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Yong-Mei Cha
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Win-Kuang Shen
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | | | - Bryan J Taylor
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Bruce D Johnson
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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20
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Taylor BJ, Olson TP, Chul-Ho-Kim, Maccarter D, Johnson BD. Use of noninvasive gas exchange to track pulmonary vascular responses to exercise in heart failure. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CIRCULATORY RESPIRATORY AND PULMONARY MEDICINE 2013; 7:53-60. [PMID: 24093002 PMCID: PMC3785385 DOI: 10.4137/ccrpm.s12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We determined whether a non-invasive gas exchange based estimate of pulmonary vascular (PV) capacitance [PVCAP = stroke volume (SV) × pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa)] (GXCAP) tracked the PV response to exercise in heart-failure (HF) patients. Pulmonary wedge pressure (Ppw), Ppa, PV resistance (PVR), and gas exchange were measured simultaneously during cycle exercise in 42 HF patients undergoing right-heart catheterization. During exercise, PETCO2 and VE/VCO2 were related to each other (r = −0.93, P < 0.01) and similarly related to mean Ppa (mPpa) (r = −0.39 and 0.36; P < 0.05); PETCO2 was subsequently used as a metric of mPpa. Oxygen pulse (O2 pulse) tracked the SV response to exercise (r = 0.91, P < 0.01). Thus, GXCAP was calculated as O2 pulse × PETCO2. During exercise, invasively determined PVCAP and non-invasive GXCAP were related (r = 0.86, P < 0.01), and GXCAP correlated with mPpa and PVR (r = −0.46 and −0.54; P < 0.01). In conclusion, noninvasive gas exchange measures may represent a simple way to track the PV response to exercise in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Taylor
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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21
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Zuniga JM, Malek MH. Electromyographic responses of the superficial quadriceps femoris muscles during incremental treadmill running. Muscle Nerve 2013; 48:938-44. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.23842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M. Zuniga
- Department of Exercise Science; Creighton University; Omaha Nebraska USA
| | - Moh H. Malek
- Integrative Physiology of Exercise Laboratory; Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; 259 Mack Avenue, Room 2248, Wayne State University Detroit Michigan 48201 USA
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22
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Ramos RP, Alencar MCN, Treptow E, Arbex F, Ferreira EMV, Neder JA. Clinical usefulness of response profiles to rapidly incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Pulm Med 2013; 2013:359021. [PMID: 23766901 PMCID: PMC3666297 DOI: 10.1155/2013/359021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of microprocessed "metabolic carts" and rapidly incremental protocols greatly expanded the clinical applications of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). The response normalcy to CPET is more commonly appreciated at discrete time points, for example, at the estimated lactate threshold and at peak exercise. Analysis of the response profiles of cardiopulmonary responses at submaximal exercise and recovery, however, might show abnormal physiologic functioning which would not be otherwise unraveled. Although this approach has long been advocated as a key element of the investigational strategy, it remains largely neglected in practice. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to highlight the usefulness of selected submaximal metabolic, ventilatory, and cardiovascular variables in different clinical scenarios and patient populations. Special care is taken to physiologically justify their use to answer pertinent clinical questions and to the technical aspects that should be observed to improve responses' reproducibility and reliability. The most recent evidence in favor of (and against) these variables for diagnosis, impairment evaluation, and prognosis in systemic diseases is also critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta P. Ramos
- Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Francisco de Castro 54, Vila Mariana, 04020-050 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara N. Alencar
- Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Francisco de Castro 54, Vila Mariana, 04020-050 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Erika Treptow
- Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Francisco de Castro 54, Vila Mariana, 04020-050 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio Arbex
- Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Francisco de Castro 54, Vila Mariana, 04020-050 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eloara M. V. Ferreira
- Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Francisco de Castro 54, Vila Mariana, 04020-050 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J. Alberto Neder
- Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Francisco de Castro 54, Vila Mariana, 04020-050 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston General Hospital, Richardson House, 102 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 2V6
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23
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Honold J, DeRosa S, Spyridopoulos I, Fischer-Rasokat U, Seeger FH, Leistner D, Lotz S, Levy WC, Zeiher AM, Assmus B. Comparison of the Seattle heart failure model and cardiopulmonary exercise capacity for prediction of death in patients with chronic ischemic heart failure and intracoronary progenitor cell application. Clin Cardiol 2013; 36:153-9. [PMID: 23377956 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite many therapeutic advances, the prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) remains poor. Therefore, reliable identification of high-risk patients with poor prognosis is of utmost importance. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provides important prognostic information by peak O2 uptake (peak VO2 ), maximal oxygen pulse (O2 Pmax), O2 uptake efficiency slope (OUES), and VE/VCO2 slope (VE/VCO2 ). A different approach for prognostic assessment is the Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM), which is based on clinical data and calculates the estimated annual mortality. HYPOTHESIS Comparison of the prognostic value of the Seattle Heart Failure Score and cardiopulmonary excercis testing in patients with chronic heart failure. METHODS One hundred fifty-seven patients with ischemic heart failure and recent intracoronary progenitor cell application were analyzed for mortality during a follow-up of 4 years. CPET (peak VO2 , O2 Pmax, OUES, VE/VCO2 ) was performed in all patients at baseline. The SHFM score was calculated for every patient, with data obtained at the time of CPET. RESULTS During follow-up, 24 patients died (15.2%). Nonsurvivors had significantly worse initial CPET results and a higher SHFM score compared to survivors. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis of sensitivity and specificity revealed the largest area under the curve value for the SHFM score, followed by VE/VCO2 slope. Kaplan Meier analysis using cutoff points of SHFM and VE/VCO2 slope with highest sensitivity and specificity resulted in significant discrimination of survivors and nonsurvivors. By multivariate analysis, only the SHFM score persisted as independent predictor of mortality in these patients. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate superior prognostic power of the SHFM score compared to CPET in patients with chronic ischemic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Honold
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine III, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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24
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A multivariable index for grading exercise gas exchange severity in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and heart failure. Pulm Med 2012; 2012:962598. [PMID: 23346397 PMCID: PMC3549363 DOI: 10.1155/2012/962598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and heart failure (HF) display many abnormalities in respiratory gas exchange. These abnormalities are accentuated with exercise and track with disease severity. However, use of gas exchange measures in day-to-day clinical practice is limited by several issues, including the large number of variables available and difficulty in data interpretation. Moreover, maximal exercise testing has limitations in clinical populations due to their complexity, patient anxiety and variability in protocols and cost. Therefore, a multivariable gas exchange index (MVI) that integrates key gas exchange variables obtained during submaximal exercise into a severity score that ranges from normal to severe-very-severe is proposed. To demonstrate the usefulness of this index, we applied this to 2 groups (PAH, n = 42 and HF, n = 47) as well as to age matched healthy controls (n = 25). We demonstrate that this score tracks WHO classification and right ventricular systolic pressure in PAH (r = 0.53 and 0.73, P ≤ 0.01) and NYHA and cardiac index in HF (r = 0.49 and 0.74, P ≤ 0.01). This index demonstrates a stronger relationship than any single gas exchange variable alone. In conclusion, MVI obtained from light, submaximal exercise gas exchange is a useful approach to simplify data interpretation in PAH and HF populations.
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25
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Niemeijer VM, van ‘t Veer M, Schep G, Spee RF, Hoogeveen A, Kemps HMC. Causes of nonlinearity of the oxygen uptake efficiency slope: a prospective study in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2012; 21:347-53. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487312472075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Goof Schep
- Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud F Spee
- Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
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26
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Pruijsten RV, Lok SI, Kirkels HH, Klöpping C, Lahpor JR, de Jonge N. Functional and haemodynamic recovery after implantation of continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices in comparison with pulsatile left ventricular assist devices in patients with end-stage heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2012; 14:319-25. [PMID: 22294758 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfr181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Caused by ageing of the population, better survival from ischaemic heart disease, and improved treatment of chronic heart disease, the incidence of heart failure has increased enormously. Worldwide, left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are increasingly being used as a bridge or alternative to heart transplantation. In this study, we investigated whether there is difference in functional and haemodynamic recovery after implantation of pulsatile and continuous-flow pumps. METHODS AND RESULTS We compared laboratory and echocardiographic data and exercise performance in patients with end-stage heart failure, before and 3 months after implantation of pulsatile and continuous-flow LVADs. A significant improvement in all laboratory parameters after implantation of both types of LVADs was seen, as well as a significant decrease in heart rate and LV dimensions, indicating better haemodynamics and cardiac recompensation. This improvement was better for the pulsatile device, probably due to higher plasma levels and higher LV dimensions before implantation. Exercise capacity strongly improved: 3 months after implantation of pulsatile and continuous-flow LVADs, peak VO(2) was 20.2 ± 4.8 vs. 18.3 ± 4.8 mL/kg/min (P = 0.09) (53 ± 12 vs. 49 ± 11% of predicted for age and gender) (P = 0.28). CONCLUSION Pulsatile and continuous-flow LVADs result in extensive haemodynamic recovery and exercise performance compatible with daily life activities. Exercise performance with continuous-flow LVADs is equal to that with pulsatile devices. This, in combination with improved survival of the newer devices, allows its use as an alternative to heart transplantation in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph V Pruijsten
- Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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