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Guaricci AI, Sturdà F, Russo R, Basile P, Baggiano A, Mushtaq S, Fusini L, Fazzari F, Bertandino F, Monitillo F, Carella MC, Simonini M, Pontone G, Ciccone MM, Grandaliano G, Vezzoli G, Pesce F. Assessment and management of heart failure in patients with chronic kidney disease. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:379-394. [PMID: 37728751 PMCID: PMC10942934 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-023-10346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are two pathological conditions with a high prevalence in the general population. When they coexist in the same patient, a strict interplay between them is observed, such that patients affected require a clinical multidisciplinary and personalized management. The diagnosis of HF and CKD relies on signs and symptoms of the patient but several additional tools, such as blood-based biomarkers and imaging techniques, are needed to clarify and discriminate the main characteristics of these diseases. Improved survival due to new recommended drugs in HF has increasingly challenged physicians to manage patients with multiple diseases, especially in case of CKD. However, the safe administration of these drugs in patients with HF and CKD is often challenging. Knowing up to which values of creatinine or renal clearance each drug can be administered is fundamental. With this review we sought to give an insight on this sizable and complex topic, in order to get clearer ideas and a more precise reference about the diagnostic assessment and therapeutic management of HF and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Igoren Guaricci
- University Cardiologic Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Polyclinic University Hospital, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70121, Bari, Italy.
| | - Francesca Sturdà
- University Cardiologic Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Polyclinic University Hospital, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70121, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Russo
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Basile
- University Cardiologic Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Polyclinic University Hospital, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70121, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Baggiano
- Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Saima Mushtaq
- Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Fusini
- Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Fazzari
- Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvio Bertandino
- University Cardiologic Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Polyclinic University Hospital, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70121, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Monitillo
- University Cardiologic Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Polyclinic University Hospital, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70121, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Carella
- University Cardiologic Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Polyclinic University Hospital, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70121, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Simonini
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Pontone
- Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Matteo Ciccone
- University Cardiologic Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Polyclinic University Hospital, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70121, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grandaliano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vezzoli
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Pesce
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
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Dąbek B, Dybiec J, Frąk W, Fularski P, Lisińska W, Radzioch E, Młynarska E, Rysz J, Franczyk B. Novel Therapeutic Approaches in the Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2746. [PMID: 37893119 PMCID: PMC10604464 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive and incurable disease that impairs kidney function. Its prevalence is estimated to affect up to 800 million individuals within the general population, and patients with diabetes and hypertension are particularly at risk. This disorder disrupts the physiological mechanisms of the body, including water and electrolyte balance, blood pressure regulation, the excretion of toxins, and vitamin D metabolism. Consequently, patients are exposed to risks such as hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, metabolic acidosis, and blood pressure abnormalities. These risks can be reduced by implementing appropriate diagnostic methods, followed by non-pharmacological (such as physical activity, dietary, and lifestyle adjustment) and pharmacological strategies after diagnosis. Selecting the appropriate diet and suitable pharmacological treatment is imperative in maintaining kidney function as long as possible. Drugs such as finerenone, canakinumab, and pentoxifylline hold promise for improved outcomes among CKD patients. When these interventions prove insufficient, renal replacement therapy becomes essential. This is particularly critical in preserving residual renal function while awaiting renal transplantation or for patients deemed ineligible for such a procedure. The aim of this study is to present the current state of knowledge and recent advances, providing novel insights into the treatment of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Dąbek
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jill Dybiec
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Weronika Frąk
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Fularski
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Lisińska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Radzioch
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Młynarska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
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Gomes da Silva F, Calça R, Rita Martins A, Araújo I, Aguiar C, Fonseca C, Branco P. Diuretic-resistant heart failure and the role of ultrafiltration: A proposed protocol. Rev Port Cardiol 2023; 42:797-803. [PMID: 36948455 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute heart failure (HF) decompensation generally manifests with signs and symptoms of congestion that strongly predict poor poor patient outcome. Loop diuretics are the cornerstone of therapy to counteract fluid overload and are widely used for acute management and chronic stabilization of HF. However, a diminished response to loop diuretics is a common problem, affecting the patient's clinical course and potentially prolonging hospitalization. Diuretic resistance is defined as failure to decongest despite appropriate and escalating loop diuretic therapy. We propose a protocol for the management of diuretic resistance. The initial approach should include an assessment of causes of pseudo-diuretic resistance. Adjustments to loop diuretic therapy, such as increasing doses and frequency of administration and sequential nephron blockade, may be successful. For hospitalized patients with progressive disease there are more invasive methods for fluid removal. Switching from oral to intravenous loop diuretics is essential to avoid variable absorption and for symptomatic relief. Extracorporeal ultrafiltration is also an option since this technique is highly effective at removing plasma fluid from blood. While extracorporeal ultrafiltration is an invasive solution, peritoneal dialysis is a home-based, intermittent therapeutic option that can enable efficient management of fluid overload, preventing HF-related hospital admission, and improving quality of life. As a last resort for fluid removal, a peritoneal dialysis regimen should fully exploit its decongestive properties and should be tailored to the patient's characteristics and clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rita Calça
- Serviço de Nefrologia, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Martins
- Serviço de Nefrologia, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Inês Araújo
- Serviço de Medicina Interna, Hospital de São Francisco Xavier, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Aguiar
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cândida Fonseca
- Serviço de Medicina Interna, Hospital de São Francisco Xavier, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Branco
- Serviço de Nefrologia, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal
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Timóteo AT, Mano TB. Efficacy of peritoneal dialysis in patients with refractory congestive heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Fail Rev 2023; 28:1053-1063. [PMID: 36738391 PMCID: PMC10403434 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-023-10297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Refractory congestive heart failure (RCHF) is a common complication in the natural history of advanced heart failure. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a possible alternative in those patients, but studies are scarce, and mostly with small samples. We conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of PD in patients with RCHF. Articles published before July 2020 in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and CENTRAL. Mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed to generate a pooled effect size with a random effects model. We also assessed heterogeneity, risk of bias, publication bias, and quality of evidence. Twenty observational studies (n = 769) were included, with a "before and after intervention" design. PD was associated with a significant reduction in NYHA functional class (MD -1.37, 95% CI -0.78 to -1.96) and length of hospitalisation (MD -34.8, 95% CI -20.6 to -48.9 days/patient/year), a small but significant increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (MD 4.3, 95%CI 1.9 to 6.8%) and a non-significant change in glomerular filtration rate (MD -3.0, 95% CI -6.0 to 0 mL/min/1.73m2). Heterogeneity among studies was significant and overall risk of bias was rated from moderate to critical. No significant publication bias was found, and the overall quality of evidence was very low for all outcomes. PD in patients with RCHF improved functional class, length of hospitalisation, and ventricular functional, and had no impact in renal function. Further randomised clinical trials are warranted to confirm our results that showed some limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teresa Timóteo
- Cardiology Department, Santa Marta Hospital, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Rua Santa Marta, 1169-025, Lisbon, Portugal.
- NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Tânia Branco Mano
- Cardiology Department, Santa Marta Hospital, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Rua Santa Marta, 1169-025, Lisbon, Portugal
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McCallum W, Sarnak MJ. Cardiorenal Syndrome in the Hospital. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 18:933-945. [PMID: 36787124 PMCID: PMC10356127 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.0000000000000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The cardiorenal syndrome refers to a group of complex, bidirectional pathophysiological pathways involving dysfunction in both the heart and kidney. Upward of 60% of patients admitted for acute decompensated heart failure have CKD, as defined by an eGFR of <60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 . CKD, in turn, is one of the strongest risk factors for mortality and cardiovascular events in acute decompensated heart failure. Although not well understood, the mechanisms in the cardiorenal syndrome include venous congestion, arterial underfilling, neurohormonal activation, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Arterial underfilling may lead to activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and sympathetic nervous system, leading to sodium reabsorption and vasoconstriction. Venous congestion likely also mediates and perpetuates these maladaptive pathways. To rule out intrinsic kidney disease that is distinct from the cardiorenal syndrome, one should obtain a careful history, review longitudinal eGFR trends, assess albuminuria and proteinuria, and review the urine sediment and kidney imaging. The hallmark of the cardiorenal syndrome is intense sodium avidity and diuretic resistance, often requiring a combination of diuretics with varying pharmacological targets, and monitoring of urinary response to guide escalations in therapy. Invasive means of decongestion may be required including ultrafiltration or KRT such as peritoneal dialysis, which is often better tolerated from a hemodynamic perspective than intermittent hemodialysis. Strategies for increasing forward perfusion in states of low cardiac output and cardiogenic shock may include afterload reduction and inotropes and, in the most severe cases, mechanical circulatory support devices, many of which have kidney-specific considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy McCallum
- Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Szlagor M, Dybiec J, Młynarska E, Rysz J, Franczyk B. Chronic Kidney Disease as a Comorbidity in Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2988. [PMID: 36769308 PMCID: PMC9918100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is one of the greatest problems in healthcare and it often coexists with declining renal function. The pathophysiology between the heart and the kidneys is bidirectional. Common mechanisms leading to the dysfunction of these organs result in a vicious cycle of cardiorenal deterioration. It is also associated with difficulties in the treatment of aggravating HF and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and, as a consequence, recurrent hospitalizations and death. As the worsening of renal function has an undeniably negative impact on the outcomes in patients with HF, searching for new treatment strategies and identification of biomarkers is necessary. This review is focused on the pathomechanisms in chronic kidney disease in patients with HF and therapeutic strategies for co-existing CKD and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szlagor
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jill Dybiec
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Młynarska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Żeromskiego 113, 90-549 Łódź, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
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Duneau G, Aoun M. Caractéristiques et mortalité des patients avec et sans syndrome cardio-rénal traités par dialyse péritonéale en France. BULLETIN DE LA DIALYSE À DOMICILE 2022. [DOI: 10.25796/bdd.v4i4.71833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionGlobalement, la dialyse péritonéale (DP) est de plus en plus indiquée dans l’insuffisance cardiaque réfractaire. Cette étude a pour but d’analyser les caractéristiques et la survie des patients traités par DP, en les divisant en deux groupes, avec et sans syndrome cardio-rénal (CRS).
MéthodesIl s’agit d’une étude rétrospective incluant tous les patients inscrits dans le Registre de Dialyse Péritonéale de Langue Française (RDPLF) entre le 01/01/2010 et le 01/12/2021. La cohorte a été divisée en deux groupes afin de comparer les patients avec et sans CRS. La survie a été analysée par la méthode de Kaplan Meier et une régression de Cox a identifié les facteurs associés avec la mortalité dans les deux groupes.
Résultats11730 patients en DP ont été inclus. L’âge moyen était de 66.78±16.72 ans. 766 patient (6,53 %) ont été pris en charge en DP pour CRS et 10 964 pour une autre néphropathie. Les malades avec CRS étaient plus âgés et comorbides. La survie est significativement meilleure dans le groupe sans CRS (Log Rank test < 0.001). La médiane de survie est de 17.7±1.2 mois et 49.6±0.7 mois chez les patients avec et sans CRS respectivement. En analyse multivariée, l’âge, le sexe masculin, le diabète, les pathologies cardio-vasculaires et le manque d’autonomie sont liés à une mortalité accrue dans le groupe sans CRS. Par contre, chez les patients avec CRS, seules les variables âge et antécédent d’hépatopathie sont significativement associées à un sur risque de décès. Le nombre de péritonites présentées par le patient est significativement associé à un moindre risque de décès dans les deux groupes.
ConclusionCette étude nationale portant sur un grand nombre de patients traités par DP a révélé les grandes différences dans les caractéristiques et la survie entre ceux qui ont un CRS contre ceux qui n’en ont pas. En particulier, les deux facteurs les plus liés à la mortalité dans le groupe avec CRS sont l’âge et la pathologie hépatique.
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Tschugguel W. A transitive perspective on the relief of psychosomatic symptoms. Front Psychol 2022; 13:821566. [PMID: 36317186 PMCID: PMC9616690 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.821566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A key element of successful psychotherapy for the treatment of psychosomatic disorders is that patients recognize and change the meaning of their experiences. Such changes are brought about by appropriate verbal referencing of symptoms currently experienced within a given narrative. The present theoretical paper argues that changes are not based on better, more adaptive narratives per se, but on the transition (or linkage) process itself that is experienced between different narratives. This view is theoretically justified in various ways: first, it is accounted for through contemporary spatiotemporal neuroscience, which aims to connect mental and structural aspects via a common dynamic property or, according to Northoff, the "common currency" of a brain's orientation along its embeddedness in its contextual world, i.e., body and environment. Second, it is justified through the physics concept of "spontaneous symmetry breaking," which is used analogously to "suffering from symptoms." If the sufferer is willing to experience a process of "going back," that is, moving away from the previous narrative (or aspect) by verbally relating to the felt aspects of the symptom in question (i.e., approaching its meaning), they are moving toward symmetry or an underlying dynamic alignment with their world context. Clinical predictions are derived from the theoretical arguments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Tschugguel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Huang X, Yang S, Chen X, Zhao Q, Pan J, Lai S, Ouyang F, Deng L, Du Y, Chen J, Hu Q, Guo B, Liu J. Development and validation of a clinical predictive model for 1-year prognosis in coronary heart disease patients combine with acute heart failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:976844. [PMID: 36312262 PMCID: PMC9609152 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.976844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The risk factors for acute heart failure (AHF) vary, reducing the accuracy and convenience of AHF prediction. The most common causes of AHF are coronary heart disease (CHD). A short-term clinical predictive model is needed to predict the outcome of AHF, which can help guide early therapeutic intervention. This study aimed to develop a clinical predictive model for 1-year prognosis in CHD patients combined with AHF. Materials and methods A retrospective analysis was performed on data of 692 patients CHD combined with AHF admitted between January 2020 and December 2020 at a single center. After systemic treatment, patients were discharged and followed up for 1-year for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The clinical characteristics of all patients were collected. Patients were randomly divided into the training (n = 484) and validation cohort (n = 208). Step-wise regression using the Akaike information criterion was performed to select predictors associated with 1-year MACE prognosis. A clinical predictive model was constructed based on the selected predictors. The predictive performance and discriminative ability of the predictive model were determined using the area under the curve, calibration curve, and clinical usefulness. Results On step-wise regression analysis of the training cohort, predictors for MACE of CHD patients combined with AHF were diabetes, NYHA ≥ 3, HF history, Hcy, Lp-PLA2, and NT-proBNP, which were incorporated into the predictive model. The AUC of the predictive model was 0.847 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.811–0.882] in the training cohort and 0.839 (95% CI: 0.780–0.893) in the validation cohort. The calibration curve indicated good agreement between prediction by nomogram and actual observation. Decision curve analysis showed that the nomogram was clinically useful. Conclusion The proposed clinical prediction model we have established is effective, which can accurately predict the occurrence of early MACE in CHD patients combined with AHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyi Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Shaomin Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Xinjie Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Jialing Pan
- Department of Radiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaofen Lai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Fusheng Ouyang
- Department of Radiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingda Deng
- Department of Radiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongxing Du
- Department of Radiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiacheng Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Qiugen Hu
- Department of Radiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Baoliang Guo
- Department of Radiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Baoliang Guo,
| | - Jiemei Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China,Jiemei Liu,
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Sarnak MJ, Auguste BL, Brown E, Chang AR, Chertow GM, Hannan M, Herzog CA, Nadeau-Fredette AC, Tang WHW, Wang AYM, Weiner DE, Chan CT. Cardiovascular Effects of Home Dialysis Therapies: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2022; 146:e146-e164. [PMID: 35968722 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage kidney disease. Currently, thrice-weekly in-center hemodialysis for 3 to 5 hours per session is the most common therapy worldwide for patients with treated kidney failure. Outcomes with thrice-weekly in-center hemodialysis are poor. Emerging evidence supports the overarching hypothesis that a more physiological approach to administering dialysis therapy, including in the home through home hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, may lead to improvement in several cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular outcomes compared with thrice-weekly in-center hemodialysis. The Advancing American Kidney Health Initiative, which has a goal of increasing the use of home dialysis, is aligned with the American Heart Association's 2024 mission to champion a full and healthy life and health equity. We conclude that incorporation of interdisciplinary care models to increase the use of home dialysis therapies in an equitable manner will contribute to the ultimate goal of improving outcomes for patients with kidney failure and cardiovascular disease.
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11
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Kutsal DA, Yıldırımtürk Ö, Sungur A, Sungur MA, Kayahan M, Güngör B. Peritoneal dialysis for refractory heart failure: A single center experience. Ther Apher Dial 2021; 26:1007-1013. [PMID: 34953176 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.13785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heart failure is a disease associated with poor quality of life. Peritoneal dialysis can be an alternative in treatment of these patients to overcome fluid overload. The objective of this study is to observe the effects of peritoneal dialysis in refractory heart failure patients. METHODS We conducted an observational study including 10 patients with refractory congestive heart failure. Peritoneal dialysis started solely for fluid overload. Patients' baseline parameters were compared with follow-up parameters. RESULTS Median age was 57.5 (44.8-64.3) years. Median left ventricular ejection fraction was 20% (18.8-31.3) and all patients had right ventricular dysfunction. Median estimated glomerular filtration rate was 51.2 (43.8-101.3) ml/min/1.73 m2 . 2 patients (20%) died during the follow-up period. NewYork Heart Association functional class decreased significantly from a median of 4 to 2,1 and 1 in the 3rd, 6th and 12th month respectively (p ≤ 0.01 for all from baseline). Number and length of hospitalization decreased significantly after treatment (number from a median of 3 to 0, p = 0.013; days from 50.5 to 0, p = 0.028). CONCLUSION Peritoneal dialysis significantly reduced NewYork Heart Association functional class, number and days of hospitalization for heart failure. It could be a reasonable option in chronic treatment of patients with refractory heart failure. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Aslan Kutsal
- Department of Nephrology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Yıldırımtürk
- Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Aylin Sungur
- Department of Cardiology, Süreyyapaşa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa A Sungur
- Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Münire Kayahan
- Department of General Surgery, Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Barış Güngör
- Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
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12
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Kunin M, Mini S, Abu-Amer N, Beckerman P. Regular at-home abdominal paracentesis via Tenckhoff catheter in patients with refractory congestive heart failure. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14924. [PMID: 34581465 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is increasingly used for the long-term management of refractory congestive heart failure (CHF). Patients with severe CHF and ascites were treated with regular at-home abdominal paracentesis via Tenckhoff catheter. We investigated the outcome of those patients, aiming to identify potential prognostic factors for longer survival. METHODS Patients with refractory CHF referred by cardiologists to the PD unit from years 2009 to 2019 and treated with regular at-home abdominal paracentesis via Tenckhoff catheter without peritoneal exchanges, were enrolled into this prospective observational study. RESULTS From the total of 69 refractory CHF patients treated with PD, 18 (26%) were managed with regular at-home abdominal paracentesis via Tenckhoff catheter and improved without the need for peritoneal exchanges for fluid removal (no peripheral oedema or pulmonary congestion) or for solutes removal. Median survival of severe CHF patients treated with abdominal paracentesis was 13.5 months (0-34 months). Long-term survivors demonstrated significant improvement in the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, improvement in kidney function and decrease in serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) compared with their baseline status. A subgroup of patients with shorter survival were more likely to have evidence of liver cirrhosis and significantly lower serum sodium compared with patients with longer survival. CONCLUSIONS Refractory CHF patients with massive ascites could be successfully treated with regular at-home abdominal paracentesis via Tenckhoff catheter. This treatment provides a useful alternative to periodical percutaneous paracentesis on as-needed basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Kunin
- Nephrology and Hypertension Institute, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Sharon Mini
- Nephrology and Hypertension Institute, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Nabil Abu-Amer
- Nephrology and Hypertension Institute, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Pazit Beckerman
- Nephrology and Hypertension Institute, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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13
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Ria P, Borio G, Rugiu C, Corino I, Zanolla L, Napoli M, De Pascalis A. A Preliminary Case-Control Study: Peritoneal Approach in Congestive Heart Failure Treatment. Blood Purif 2021; 51:683-689. [PMID: 34818218 DOI: 10.1159/000518347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congestive heart failure (CHF) associated with worsening renal function is a very common disorder, and, as well known, the goal of the treatment is reducing venous congestion and maintaining a targeted extracellular volume. The objective of the study is to evaluate regular peritoneal ultrafiltration treatment compared to a standard conservative approach in NYHA III-IV CHF patients. In particular, the primary endpoints of the study were the major event-free survival and the total days of medical care per month (which consist of the days of hospitalization and the number of outpatient visits). MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a retrospective case-control study. Twenty-four patients were included in the present study. Twelve consecutive patients were treated with peritoneal treatment (group A) and 12 matched for age, gender, and severity of disease with a standard approach. Patients were observed over a maximum period of 18 months. Information on events, hospitalizations, and number of visits was collected during follow-up. RESULTS During the follow-up, we observed a major event in 4 patients in group A (33.3%) and in 8 patients in group B (66.7%). In group B, we observed 7 deaths and 1 ICD shock, while in group A, 3 deaths and 1 ICD shock. The number of visits per month was significantly lower in patients treated with the peritoneal method (1.2 [0.4-4.1] vs. 2.5 [2.0-3.1]; p = 0.03). The total days of medical care was significantly lower in group A (2.0 [1.1-5.5] vs. 4.4 [3.0-8.7]; p = 0.034). A multiple event analysis according to the Andersen-Gill model showed a significant event-free survival for group A. During the follow-up, we did not observe any episode of peritonitis in the treated group. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that the peritoneal technique is a good therapeutic tool in well-selected patients with CHF. In accordance with prior experience, this intervention has not only an important and significant clinical impact but also potential economic and social consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ria
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | - Gianluca Borio
- Division of Cardiology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Carlo Rugiu
- Division of Nephrology, Mater Salutis Hospital, Legnago, Italy
| | - Isabella Corino
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, S. Eugenio Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Zanolla
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marcello Napoli
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy
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Abstract
CKD is common in patients with heart failure, associated with high mortality and morbidity, which is even higher in people undergoing long-term dialysis. Despite increasing use of evidence-based drug and device therapy in patients with heart failure in the general population, patients with CKD have not benefitted. This review discusses prevalence and evidence of kidney replacement, device, and drug therapies for heart failure in CKD. Evidence for treatment with β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors, and sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors in mild-to-moderate CKD has emerged from general population studies in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). β-Blockers have been shown to improve outcomes in patients with HFrEF in all stages of CKD, including patients on dialysis. However, studies of HFrEF selected patients with creatinine <2.5 mg/dl for ACE inhibitors, <3.0 mg/dl for angiotensin-receptor blockers, and <2.5 mg/dl for mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, excluding patients with severe CKD. Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor therapy was successfully used in randomized trials in patients with eGFR as low as 20 ml/min per 1.73 m2 Hence, the benefits of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis inhibitor therapy in patients with mild-to-moderate CKD have been demonstrated, yet such therapy is not used in all suitable patients because of fear of hyperkalemia and worsening kidney function. Sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitor therapy improved mortality and hospitalization in patients with HFrEF and CKD stages 3 and 4 (eGFR>20 ml/min per 1.73 m2). High-dose and combination diuretic therapy, often necessary, may be complicated with worsening kidney function and electrolyte imbalances, but has been used successfully in patients with CKD stages 3 and 4. Intravenous iron improved symptoms in patients with heart failure and CKD stage 3; and high-dose iron reduced heart failure hospitalizations by 44% in patients on dialysis. Cardiac resynchronization therapy reduced death and hospitalizations in patients with heart failure and CKD stage 3. Peritoneal dialysis in patients with symptomatic fluid overload improved symptoms and prevented hospital admissions. Evidence suggests that combined cardiology-nephrology clinics may help improve management of patients with HFrEF and CKD. A multidisciplinary approach may be necessary for implementation of evidence-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Banerjee
- Renal and Transplantation Unit, St George’s University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St Georges, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Rosano
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St Georges, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles A. Herzog
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare/University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Koga-Kobori S, Sawa N, Kido R, Sekine A, Mizuno H, Yamanouchi M, Hayami N, Suwabe T, Hoshino J, Kinowaki K, Ohashi K, Fujii T, Ubara Y. Fabry Disease on Peritoneal Dialysis with Cardiac Involvement. Intern Med 2021; 60:1561-1565. [PMID: 33361676 PMCID: PMC8188038 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5992-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder resulting from a lack of alpha-galactosidase A (AGALA) activity in lysosomes. We herein report a patient with FD revealed by a renal biopsy who survived seven years after the introduction of peritoneal dialysis despite having severe heart failure due to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). FD was diagnosed based on a renal biopsy and biochemical analysis showing a low enzymatic activity of AGALA. A microscopic examination at the autopsy revealed marked hypertrophy and vacuolation of cardiac muscle cells. In our case, cardiac involvement determined the prognosis. Peritoneal dialysis is the modality of choice in the long-term management of dialysis patients with FD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naoki Sawa
- Nephrology Center, Toranomon Hospital, Japan
- Okinaka Memorial Institute, Toranomon Hospital, Japan
| | - Ryo Kido
- Nephrology Center, Toranomon Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kenichi Ohashi
- Department of Pathology, Toranomon Hospital, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Hospital Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujii
- Okinaka Memorial Institute, Toranomon Hospital, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ubara
- Nephrology Center, Toranomon Hospital, Japan
- Okinaka Memorial Institute, Toranomon Hospital, Japan
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Papasotiriou M, Liakopoulos V, Kehagias I, Vareta G, Ntrinias T, Papachristou E, Goumenos DS. Favorable effects of peritoneal dialysis in patients with refractory heart failure and overhydration. Perit Dial Int 2020; 42:48-56. [PMID: 33250003 DOI: 10.1177/0896860820970097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with refractory to optimal pharmacological treatment heart failure (HF) require frequent hospitalization. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been part of the management of such patients mainly for promoting ultrafiltration and management of overhydration independently of kidney function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of PD, especially the use of icodextrin solutions and intermittent PD, in the hospitalization rate and cardiac functional status of patients with HF. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study involving patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV HF and preserved renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) > 25 ml/min), who were refractory to conservative treatment. Clinical data on weight loss, hospitalization rate before and after PD initiation, cardiac functional status, and technique complications during a 6-month observational period were analyzed. RESULTS PD treatment was performed in 32 patients with a mean age of 63.8 ± 11.9 years and a follow-up of 20.78 ± 14.24 months. Hospitalizations were significantly reduced from 20.7 ± 13.7 to 7.7 ± 8.9 days/patients at 6 months. All patients showed improvement in NYHA class as well as in left ventricular ejection fraction. Overall, eGFR showed a significant decrease but only six patients reached end-stage renal disease. Complications included 18 cases of peritonitis. PD was well tolerated and no patient dropped out of the method. Survival rate reached 72% at 12 months but mortality rate was high with 23 patients dying at 16.65 ± 12.3 months after the initiation of treatment. Patients survival was not influenced by the type of PD modality or weight reduction achieved. CONCLUSIONS PD showed to be a viable option for the treatment of patients with refractory HF leading to a better cardiac functional status and diminishing the number of hospital admissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Papasotiriou
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital of Patras, Greece
| | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Georgia Vareta
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodoros Ntrinias
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital of Patras, Greece
| | - Evangelos Papachristou
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital of Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitrios S Goumenos
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital of Patras, Greece
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17
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Sahin E, Gökçay Bek S, Eren N, Karauzum I, Ergul M, Yildiz N, Sahin T, Dervisoglu E, Kalender B. Usefulness of Peritoneal Ultrafiltration in Patients with Diuretic Resistant Heart Failure without End-Stage Renal Disease. Cardiorenal Med 2020; 10:429-439. [PMID: 33022682 DOI: 10.1159/000510249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to explore the role of peritoneal ultrafiltration (UF) in cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) patients for fluid and metabolic control. BACKGROUND Peritoneal UF is safely and efficiently used for the management of CRS. It has been shown to provide efficient UF in hypervolemic patients. METHODS Thirty (20 males and 10 females) CRS patients were treated by peritoneal dialysis (PD) and UF. The baseline data of the patients (demographics, causes of heart failure, the presence of pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, the need for extracorporeal UF or paracentesis or thoracentesis, comorbidity, drugs, left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] and pulmonary artery systolic pressure [PAPs], pericardial effusion, physical examination, body weight, NYHA class, dialysis regime, urine output, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP] level, hemoglobin, estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], and other routine biochemical determinations) were recorded at the onset, every 6 months, and then annually. Echocardiograms were performed at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. The time points of complications associated with PD, the need for hemodialysis, the day of death, and causes of death were documented. RESULTS Mean age was 69 ± 8 years (range 49-84 years). The average PD duration was 18.25 ± 14.87 months. According to the CKD-EPI, initial mean GFR was 34.34 ± 11.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 (range 16.57-59.0), and this increased to 45.48 ± 26.04, 45.10 ± 28.58, and 41.10 ± 25.68 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the third, sixth, and twelfth months, respectively. There was a significant increase in the first 3 months and a significant decrease between the third and twelfth months (respectively, p = 0.018 and p = 0.043). There was no difference in eGFR levels between baseline and the end of the first year (p = 0.217). In the first 3 months, there was a significant decline in urea levels to 79.38 ± 36.65 from 109.92 ± 42.44 mg/dL and this was maintained until the end of the first year of PD therapy (after 3 months, p = 0.002; after 1 year, p = 0.024). However, there was no significant change in creatinine levels within the first year (p = 0.312). There was a significant increase in hemoglobin level up to the end of the first year of PD (after 3 months, p = 0.000; after 12 months, p = 0.013). There was a marked decrease in NT-proBNP levels in the first 6 months (p = 0.011). Functional capacity (according to NYHA classification) improved in all patients by the third month of PD treatment (p < 0.001). This early improvement was maintained in many patients during the following 12 months (p < 0.001). There was a marked decrease in NT-proBNP levels in the first 6 months (p = 0.011). At the end of the first year, there was an approximate 15% reduction in NT-proBNP levels (p = 0.647). Hospitalizations decreased to 6 ± 15 days/patient-year (range 18-122 days) from 62 ± 24 days/patient-year (p = 0.000). CONCLUSION Peritoneal UF is a treatment method that maintains renal function and electrolyte balance, improves cardiac function, and reduces hospitalizations in CRS patients. We observed that this treatment significantly increased functional capacity and quality of life and significantly reduced hospital admissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Sahin
- Internal Medicine, Kocaeli University Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Necmi Eren
- Nephrology, Kocaeli University Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Irem Karauzum
- Cardiology, Kocaeli University Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Metin Ergul
- Nephrology, Kocaeli University Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Yildiz
- Nephrology, Kocaeli University Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Sahin
- Cardiology, Kocaeli University Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Betul Kalender
- Nephrology, Kocaeli University Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Schaubroeck HA, Gevaert S, Bagshaw SM, Kellum JA, Hoste EA. Acute cardiorenal syndrome in acute heart failure: focus on renal replacement therapy. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2020; 9:802-811. [PMID: 32597679 DOI: 10.1177/2048872620936371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Almost half of hospitalised patients with acute heart failure develop acute cardiorenal syndrome. Treatment consists of optimisation of fluid status and haemodynamics, targeted therapy for the underlying cardiac disease, optimisation of heart failure treatment and preventive measures such as avoidance of nephrotoxic agents. Renal replacement therapy may be temporarily needed to support kidney function, mostly in case of diuretic resistant fluid overload or severe metabolic derangement. The best timing to initiate renal replacement therapy and the best modality in acute heart failure are still under debate. Several modalities are available such as intermittent and continuous renal replacement therapy as well as hybrid techniques, based on two main principles: haemofiltration and haemodialysis. Although continuous techniques have been associated with less haemodynamic instability and a greater chance of renal recovery, cohort data are conflicting and randomised controlled trials have not shown a difference in recovery or mortality. In the presence of diuretic resistance, isolated ultrafiltration with individualisation of ultrafiltration rates is a valid option for decongestion in acute heart failure patients. Practical tools to optimise the use of renal replacement therapy in acute heart failure-related acute cardiorenal syndrome were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofie Gevaert
- Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Sean M Bagshaw
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - John A Kellum
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Eric Aj Hoste
- Intensive Care Unit, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium.,Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
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19
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Benefits of peritoneal ultrafiltration in HFpEF and HFrEF patients. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:179. [PMID: 32410664 PMCID: PMC7222460 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01777-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peritoneal ultrafiltration (pUF) in refractory heart failure (HF) reduces the incidence of decompensation episodes, which is of particular significance as each episode incrementally adds to mortality. Nevertheless, there are insufficient data about which patient cohort benefits the most. The objective of this study was to compare pUF in HFrEF and HFpEF, focusing on functional status, hospitalizations, surrogate endpoints and mortality. Methods This study involves 143 patients, who could be classified as either HFpEF (n = 37, 25.9%) or HFrEF (n = 106, 74.1%) and who received pUF due to refractory HF. Results Baseline eGFR was similar in HFrEF (23.1 ± 10.6 mg/dl) and HFpEF (27.8 ± 13.2 mg/dl). Significant improvements in NYHA class were found in HFpEF (3.19 ± 0.61 to 2.72 ± 0.58, P < 0.001) and HFrEF (3.45 ± 0.52 to 2.71 ± 0.72, P < 0.001). CRP decreased in HFrEF (19.4 ± 17.6 mg/l to 13.7 ± 21.4 mg/l, P = 0.018) and HFpEF (33.7 ± 52.6 mg/l to 17.1 ± 26.3 mg/l, P = 0.004). Body weight was significantly reduced in HFrEF (81.1 ± 14.6 kg to 77.2 ± 15.6 kg, P = 0.003) and HFpEF (86.9 ± 15.8 kg to 83.1 ± 15.9 kg, P = 0.005). LVEF improved only in HFrEF (25.9 ± 6.82% to 30.4 ± 12.2%, P = 0.046). BCR decreased significantly in HFrEF and HFpEF (55.7 ± 21.9 to 34.3 ± 17.9 P > 0.001 and 50.5 ± 68.9 to 37.6 ± 21.9, P = 0.006). Number of hospitalization episodes as well as number of hospitalization days decreased significantly only in HFpEF (total number 2.88 ± 1.62 to 1.25 ± 1.45, P < 0.001, days 40.4 ± 31.7 to 18.3 ± 22.5 days, P = 0.005). Conclusions pUF offers various benefits in HFpEF and HFrEF, but there are also substantial differences. In particular, hospitalization rates were found to be significantly reduced in HFpEF patients, indicating a greater medical and economical advantage. However, LVEF was only found to be improved in HFrEF patients. While pUF can now be regarded as an option to supplement classical HF therapy, further studies are desirable to obtain specifications about pUF in HFpEF, HFmEF and HFrEF patients.
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20
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Roehm B, Gulati G, Weiner DE. Heart failure management in dialysis patients: Many treatment options with no clear evidence. Semin Dial 2020; 33:198-208. [PMID: 32282987 PMCID: PMC7597416 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) impacts approximately 20% of dialysis patients and is associated with high mortality rates. Key issues discussed in this review of HFrEF management in dialysis include dialysis modality choice, vascular access, dialysate composition, pharmacological therapies, and strategies to reduce sudden cardiac death, including the use of cardiac devices. Peritoneal dialysis and more frequent or longer duration of hemodialysis may be better tolerated due to slower ultrafiltration rates, leading to less intradialytic hypotension and better volume control; dialysate cooling and higher dialysate calcium may also have benefits. While high-quality evidence exists for many drug classes in the non-dialysis population, dialysis patients were excluded from major trials, and only limited data exist for many medications in kidney failure patients. Despite limited evidence, beta blocker and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use is common in dialysis. Similarly, devices such as implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs) and cardiac resynchronization therapy that have proven benefits in non-dialysis HFrEF patients have not consistently been beneficial in the limited dialysis studies. The use of leadless pacemakers and subcutaneous ICDs can mitigate future hemodialysis access limitations. Additional research is critical to address knowledge gaps in treating maintenance dialysis patients with HFrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Roehm
- William B. Schwartz MD Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Gaurav Gulati
- Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel E. Weiner
- William B. Schwartz MD Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
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Abstract
Decompensated heart failure accounts for approximately 1 million hospitalizations in the United States annually, and this number is expected to increase significantly in the near future. Diuretics provide the initial management in most patients with fluid overload. However, the development of diuretic resistance remains a significant challenge in the treatment of heart failure. Due to the lack of a standard definition, the prevalence of this phenomenon remains difficult to determine, with some estimates suggesting that 25-30% of patients with heart failure have diuretic resistance. Certain characteristics, including low systolic blood pressures, renal impairment, and atherosclerotic disease, help predict the development of diuretic resistance. The underlying pathophysiology is likely multifactorial, with pharmacokinetic alterations, hormonal dysregulation, and the cardiorenal syndrome having significant roles. The therapeutic approach to this common problem typically involves increases in the diuretic dose and/or frequency, sequential nephron blockade, and mechanical fluid movement removal with ultrafiltration or peritoneal dialysis. Paracentesis is potentially useful in patients with intra-abdominal hypertension.
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Chionh CY, Clementi A, Poh CB, Finkelstein FO, Cruz DN. The use of peritoneal dialysis in heart failure: A systematic review. Perit Dial Int 2020; 40:527-539. [PMID: 32063182 DOI: 10.1177/0896860819895198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Extracorporeal (EC) therapy, including ultrafiltration (UF) and haemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD) and peritoneal ultrafiltration (PUF) are potential therapeutic options in diuretic-resistant states. This systematic review assessed outcomes of PD and compared the effects of PD to EC. A comprehensive search of major databases from 1966 to 2017 for studies utilising PD (or PUF) in diuretic-resistant HF was conducted, excluding studies involving patients with end-stage kidney disease. Data were extracted and combined using a random-effects model, expressed as odds ratio (OR). Thirty-one studies (n = 902) were identified from 3195 citations. None were randomised trials. Survival was variable (0-100%) with a wide follow-up duration (36 h-10 years). With follow-up > 1 year, the overall mortality was 48.3%. Only four studies compared PD with EC. Survival was 42.1% with PD and 45.0% with EC; the pooled effect did not favour either (OR 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.24-2.69; p = 0.710). Studies on PD in patients with HF reported several benefits. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) improved after PD (OR 3.76, 95%CI: 2.24-5.27; p < 0.001). Seven of nine studies saw LVEF increase by > 10%. Twenty-one studies reported the New York Heart Association status and 40-100% of the patients improved by ≥ 1 grade. Nine of 10 studies reported reductions in hospitalisation frequency and/or duration. When treated with PD, HF patients had fewer symptoms, lower hospital admissions and duration compared to diuretic therapy. However, there is inadequate evidence comparing PD versus UF or HD. Further studies comparing these modalities in diuretic-resistant HF should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yin Chionh
- Department of Renal Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Anna Clementi
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, 220631Santa Marta e Santa Venera, Acireale, Italy
| | - Cheng Boon Poh
- Department of Renal Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Dinna N Cruz
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, 8784University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Fluid overload as a therapeutic target for the preservative management of chronic kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2020; 29:22-28. [DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Gologorsky RC, Roy S. Ultrafiltration for management of fluid overload in patients with heart failure. Artif Organs 2019; 44:129-139. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C. Gologorsky
- Department of Surgery University of California, San Francisco‐East Bay Oakland California
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences University of California San Francisco California
| | - Shuvo Roy
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences University of California San Francisco California
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Gronda E, Vanoli E, Sacchi S, Grassi G, Ambrosio G, Napoli C. Risk of heart failure progression in patients with reduced ejection fraction: mechanisms and therapeutic options. Heart Fail Rev 2019; 25:295-303. [DOI: 10.1007/s10741-019-09823-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kazory A, Bargman JM. Defining the role of peritoneal dialysis in management of congestive heart failure. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2019; 17:533-543. [PMID: 31242777 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2019.1637254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Congestion is an integral component of heart failure (HF) pathophysiology and portends an adverse impact on outcome. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a home-based therapeutic modality that has been used in the setting of refractory congestive HF to help optimize volume status. Not only does PD allow for customized sodium and water removal, but it also provides the opportunity for the patients to fully benefit from guideline-directed medical therapy for HF that could have otherwise been challenging to use. Areas covered: Authors provide an overview of the pathophysiologic basis for the use of PD in HF, followed by a review of the findings of the main clinical trials such as the salutary impact on HF re-admissions and quality of life. Since the goals of therapy in this setting differ from those for patients with end-stage renal disease, pertinent practical considerations in the use of this modality are then discussed as well as potential barriers. Expert opinion: For patients with chronic refractory HF, PD represents an alternative to medical therapy alone. Identification of patients that would benefit most from this modality and detection of major enablers and obstacles for the implementation of this therapy should be the focus of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Kazory
- a Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Joanne M Bargman
- b Division of Nephrology , University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
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Chrysohoou C, Bougatsos G, Magkas N, Skoumas J, Kapota A, Kopelias J, Bliouras N, Tsioufis K, Petras D, Tousoulis D. Peritoneal dialysis as a therapeutic solution in elderly patients with cardiorenal syndrome and heart failure: A case-series report. Hellenic J Cardiol 2019; 61:73-77. [PMID: 31055051 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of peritoneal dialysis (PD) on venous congestion, right ventricular function, pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), and clinical functional status in elderly patients with cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) and chronic heart failure (HF). METHODS A case series of 21 (17 males, age 70 ± 11 years) consecutive patients with HF along with diuretic resistance and right ventricular dysfunction (median renal failure duration 60 months, range 13-287 months, mean ejection fraction 36 ± 11%) having been engaged in PD; 76% of the patients were under automated peritoneal dialysis (APD), whereas the rest were under continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD). Patients' PASP and central venous pressure (CVP) - through compression sonography - and body weight were evaluated before initiating the PD program and at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS During the follow-up period, the mortality rate was 8 deaths out of 21 patients (38%) A significant reduction by 29.9% in PASP levels (p = 0.013) and by 42% in CVP levels (p < 0.001), and in right ventricular function assessed by tricuspid annulus tissue Doppler velocity (p = 0.04) was observed, whereas patients' weight increased by 3.7% (p = 0.001). New York Heart Association class improved in 12 patients, whereas in the remaining patients, it remained constant (p = 0.046). In 8 patients, complications were reported (mainly presence of Staphylococcus aureus). In conclusion, PD seems to confer a substantial benefit in clinical status, which is in line with improvement in venous congestion and right ventricular systolic pressure among elderly patients with HF along with CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Chrysohoou
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, Hippokratio Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - George Bougatsos
- Peritoneal Dialysis Unit Nephrology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Magkas
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, Hippokratio Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - John Skoumas
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, Hippokratio Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasia Kapota
- Peritoneal Dialysis Unit Nephrology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - John Kopelias
- Peritoneal Dialysis Unit Nephrology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, Hippokratio Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Petras
- Peritoneal Dialysis Unit Nephrology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, Hippokratio Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Wojtaszek E, Grzejszczak A, Niemczyk S, Malyszko J, Matuszkiewicz-Rowińska J. Peritoneal Ultrafiltration in the Long-Term Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure Refractory to Pharmacological Therapy. Front Physiol 2019; 10:310. [PMID: 31001127 PMCID: PMC6455052 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite continuous improvement in the treatment, heart failure (HF) is a growing health problem and a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. There is some positive experience with the removal of the fluid excess via peritoneum in those patients, regardless of their renal function. The aim of this single center pilot study was to assess the efficacy of peritoneal ultra filtration (PUF) with a nightly 12-h exchange in the long-term treatment of refractory HF. Methods The study included patients with chronic HF resistant to updated HF therapy (pharmacological and devices if applicable), who had experienced at least three hospitalizations due to HF during the preceding year and were disqualified from heart transplantation. All of them were treated with nightly 12-h 7.5% icodextrin exchange. Results There were 15 patients (13 men), aged 72 ± 9 years, with charlson comorbidity index (CCI) 9 ± 1.2, NYHA class IV (11 patients) or III (4 patients), and eGFR 32 ± 11 ml/min/1.73m2. They were followed up for 24 ± 8 months (range 12-43, median 26 months). During the 1st year, all patients improved their NYHA functional class from 3.7 ± 0.5 to 2.6 ± 0.5; P = 0.0005, with stable (34.3 ± 12.4, and 35.6 ± 16.5%, respectively) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter decreased from 27.8 ± 2.7 to 24.4 ± 3.4 mm; P = 0.09. Daily diuresis increased from 867 ± 413 to 1221 ± 680 ml; P = 0.25, while the dose of furosemide could be reduced from 620 ± 256 to 360 ± 110 mg/d; P = 0.0005, however, the kidney function deteriorated, with eGFR drop from 32 ± 11 to 25.6 ± 13 ml/min/1.73m2; P = 0.01). HF-related hospitalizations decreased from 8.9 ± 2.8 days/month to 1.5 ± 1.2 days/month (P = 0.003). Mechanical peritoneal dialysis complications occurred in five patients and infectious complications in four (peritonitis rate 1 per 72 patient-month). Patient survival was 93% at 1 year and 73% at 2 year. Technique survival was 100%. Conclusion In patients with refractory HF, PUF with one overnight icodextrin exchange appears to be a promising therapeutic option as an adjunct to pharmacological management of those who are not transplant candidates. It should be emphasized that the treatment can have a great impact on the quality of life and the total costs of treating these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Wojtaszek
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Grzejszczak
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanislaw Niemczyk
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Malyszko
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Grossekettler L, Schmack B, Meyer K, Brockmann C, Wanninger R, Kreusser MM, Frankenstein L, Kihm LP, Zeier M, Katus HA, Remppis A, Schwenger V. Peritoneal dialysis as therapeutic option in heart failure patients. ESC Heart Fail 2019; 6:271-279. [PMID: 30815994 PMCID: PMC6437425 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Each episode of acute decompensated heart failure (HF) incrementally adds to mortality. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) offers an alternative therapeutic option in refractory HF and reduces the incidence of decompensation episodes. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of PD, in terms of functional status, surrogate endpoints, rate of hospitalizations, and mortality. Methods and results This study is based on the registry of the German Society of Nephrology, involving 159 patients receiving PD treatment due to refractory HF between January 2010 and December 2014. Body weight was reduced by PD (82.2 ± 14.9 to 78.4 ± 14.8 kg, P < 0.001), and significant improvements in New York Heart Association functional class (3.38 ± 0.55 to 2.85 ± 0.49, P < 0.001) were found already after 3 months. Left ventricular ejection fraction did not change (31.5 ± 13.8 to 34.0 ± 15.7%, P = 0.175). C‐reactive protein improved with PD treatment (33.7 ± 52.6 to 17.1 ± 26.3 mg/L, P = 0.004). Blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio decreased significantly (148.7 ± 68.3 to 106.7 ± 44.8 mg/dL, P < 0.001). Hospitalization rates decreased significantly (total number 2.86 ± 1.88 to 1.90 ± 1.78, P = 0.001, and 39.2 ± 30.7 to 27.1 ± 25.2 days, P = 0.004). One year mortality was 39.6% in end‐stage HF patients treated with PD. Conclusions Peritoneal dialysis offers an additional therapeutic option in end‐stage HF and is associated with improved New York Heart Association classification and reduced hospitalization. Although PD treatment was associated with various benefits, further studies are necessary to identify which patients benefit the most from PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Grossekettler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bastian Schmack
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Meyer
- Clinic for Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Center, Bad Bevensen, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael M Kreusser
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz Frankenstein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars P Kihm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Zeier
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew Remppis
- Clinic for Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Center, Bad Bevensen, Germany
| | - Vedat Schwenger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Kidney, Blood Pressure and Autoimmune Diseases, Katharinenhospital, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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Pavo N, Yarragudi R, Puttinger H, Arfsten H, Strunk G, Bojic A, Hülsmann M, Vychytil A. Parameters associated with therapeutic response using peritoneal dialysis for therapy refractory heart failure and congestive right ventricular dysfunction. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206830. [PMID: 30452453 PMCID: PMC6242305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In patients with refractory heart failure (HF) peritoneal dialysis (PD) is associated with improved functional status and decrease in hospitalization. However, previous studies did not focus on right ventricular dysfunction as an important pathophysiologic component of cardiorenal syndrome. Methods In a prospective cohort study PD was started in 40 patients with refractory right HF (with/without left HF). Refractoriness to conservative therapy was defined as persistent right heart congestion/ascites with intensified diuretic treatment and/or ≥2 hospitalizations within 6 months because of cardiac decompensation despite optimal medical treatment, and/or acute renal failure during intensified conservative treatment of cardiac decompensations. Results Patient survival was 55.0% at 1 year, 35.0% at 2 years and 27.5% at 3 years. The number of hospitalization days declined after initiation of PD for both cardiac [13 (IQR 1–53) days before vs. 1 (IQR 0–12) days after start of PD, p<0.001] and unplanned reasons [12 (IQR 3–44) days before vs. 1 (IQR 0–33) days after start of PD, p = 0.007]. Using a combined endpoint including survival time of ≥1 year and either improvement in quality of life or decline in hospitalizations we found that patients with extended ascites, higher systolic pulmonary artery pressure, more marked impairment of right ventricular function and tricuspid valve insufficiency, higher residual renal function as well as those who could perform PD without assistance have benefited most from this therapy. Conclusions Patients with more pronounced backward failure, less marked residual renal functional impairment and those not depending on assistance for therapy are likely to profit most from PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Pavo
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Clinical Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rajashri Yarragudi
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heidi Puttinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Henrike Arfsten
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Clinical Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guido Strunk
- Complexity Research, Vienna, Austria
- FH Campus Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andja Bojic
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Clinical Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Hülsmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Clinical Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Vychytil
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Crespo-Leiro MG, Metra M, Lund LH, Milicic D, Costanzo MR, Filippatos G, Gustafsson F, Tsui S, Barge-Caballero E, De Jonge N, Frigerio M, Hamdan R, Hasin T, Hülsmann M, Nalbantgil S, Potena L, Bauersachs J, Gkouziouta A, Ruhparwar A, Ristic AD, Straburzynska-Migaj E, McDonagh T, Seferovic P, Ruschitzka F. Advanced heart failure: a position statement of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail 2018; 20:1505-1535. [DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Crespo-Leiro
- Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC); Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), CIBERCV, UDC; La Coruña Spain
| | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology; University of Brescia; Brescia Italy
| | - Lars H. Lund
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Cardiology; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Davor Milicic
- Department for Cardiovascular Diseases; University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
| | | | | | - Finn Gustafsson
- Department of Cardiology; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Steven Tsui
- Transplant Unit; Royal Papworth Hospital; Cambridge UK
| | - Eduardo Barge-Caballero
- Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC); Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), CIBERCV, UDC; La Coruña Spain
| | - Nicolaas De Jonge
- Department of Cardiology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Maria Frigerio
- Transplant Center and De Gasperis Cardio Center; Niguarda Hospital; Milan Italy
| | - Righab Hamdan
- Department of Cardiology; Beirut Cardiac Institute; Beirut Lebanon
| | - Tal Hasin
- Jesselson Integrated Heart Center; Shaare Zedek Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Martin Hülsmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | | | - Luciano Potena
- Heart and Lung Transplant Program; Bologna University Hospital; Bologna Italy
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology; Medical School Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - Aggeliki Gkouziouta
- Heart Failure and Transplant Unit; Onassis Cardiac Surgery Centre; Athens Greece
| | - Arjang Ruhparwar
- Department of Cardiac Surgery; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Arsen D. Ristic
- Department of Cardiology of the Clinical Center of Serbia; Belgrade University School of Medicine; Belgrade Serbia
| | | | | | - Petar Seferovic
- Department of Internal Medicine; Belgrade University School of Medicine and Heart Failure Center, Belgrade University Medical Center; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- University Heart Center; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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32
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Effectiveness and Safety of Peritoneal Dialysis Treatment in Patients with Refractory Congestive Heart Failure due to Chronic Cardiorenal Syndrome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6529283. [PMID: 29888270 PMCID: PMC5985089 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6529283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aims To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in treating refractory congestive heart failure (RCHF) with cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). Methods A total of 36 patients with RCHF were divided into type 2 CRS group (group A) and non-type 2 CRS group (group B) according to the patients' clinical presentations and the ratio of serum urea to creatinine and urinary analyses in this prospective study. All patients were followed up till death or discontinuation of PD. Data were collected for analysis, including patient survival time on PD, technique failure, changes of heart function, and complications associated with PD treatment and hospitalization. Results There were 27 deaths and 9 patients quitting PD program after a follow-up for 73 months with an average PD time of 22.8 ± 18.2 months. A significant longer PD time was found in group B as compared with that in group A (29.0 ± 19.4 versus 13.1 ± 10.6 months, p = 0.003). Kaplan–Meier curves showed a higher survival probability in group B than that in group A (p < 0.001). Multivariate regression demonstrated that type 2 CRS was an independent risk factor for short survival time on PD. The benefit of PD on the improvement of survival and LVEF was limited to group B patients, but absent from group A patients. The impairment of exercise tolerance indicated by NYHA classification was markedly improved by PD for both groups. The technique survival was high, and the hospital readmission was evidently decreased for both group A and group B patients. Conclusions Our data suggest that PD is a safe and feasible palliative treatment for RCHF with type 2 CRS, though the long-term survival could not be expected for patients with the type 2 CRS. Registration ID Number is ChiCTR1800015910.
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Kazory A. Fluid overload as a major target in management of cardiorenal syndrome: Implications for the practice of peritoneal dialysis. World J Nephrol 2017; 6:168-175. [PMID: 28729965 PMCID: PMC5500454 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v6.i4.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Congestion is an integral component of cardiorenal syndrome and portends an adverse impact on the outcomes. Recent studies suggest that congestion has the ability of modulating the interactions between the kidney and the heart in this setting. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a home-based therapeutic modality that is not only offered to patients with end-stage renal disease to provide solute clearance and ultrafiltration, but it has also been used in patients with refractory heart failure and fluid overload to help optimize volume status. Several uncontrolled studies and case series have so far evaluated the role of PD in management of hypervolemia for patients with heart failure. They have generally reported favorable results in this setting. However, the data on the outcomes of patients with end-stage renal disease and concomitant heart failure is mixed, and the proposed theoretical advantages of PD might not translate into improved clinical endpoints. Congestion is prevalent in this patient population and has a significant effect on their survival. As studies suggest that a significant subset of patients with end-stage renal disease who receive PD therapy are hypervolemic, suboptimal management of congestion could at least in part explain these conflicting results. PD is a highly flexible therapeutic modality and the choice of techniques, regimens, and solutions can affect its ability for optimization of fluid status. This article provides an overview of the currently available data on the role and clinical relevance of congestion in patients with cardiorenal syndrome and reviews potential options to enhance decongestion in these patients.
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Kim HJ, Park JT, Han SH, Yoo TH, Park HC, Kang SW, Kim KH, Ryu DR, Kim H. The pattern of choosing dialysis modality and related mortality outcomes in Korea: a national population-based study. Korean J Intern Med 2017; 32. [PMID: 28651309 PMCID: PMC5511949 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2017.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Since comorbidities are major determinants of modality choice, and also interact with dialysis modality on mortality outcomes, we examined the pattern of modality choice according to comorbidities and then evaluated how such choices affected mortality in incident dialysis patients. METHODS We analyzed 32,280 incident dialysis patients in Korea. Patterns in initial dialysis choice were assessed by multivariate logistic regression analyses. Multivariate Poisson regression analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of interactions between comorbidities and dialysis modality on mortality and to quantify these interactions using the synergy factor. RESULTS Prior histories of myocardial infarction (p = 0.031), diabetes (p = 0.001), and congestive heart failure (p = 0.003) were independent factors favoring the initiation with peritoneal dialysis (PD), but were associated with increased mortality with PD. In contrast, a history of cerebrovascular disease and 1-year increase in age favored initiation with hemodialysis (HD) and were related to a survival benefit with HD (p < 0.001, both). While favoring initiation with HD, having Medical Aid (p = 0.001) and male gender (p = 0.047) were related to increased mortality with HD. Furthermore, although the severity of comorbidities did not inf luence dialysis modality choice, mortality in incident PD patients was significantly higher compared to that in HD patients as the severity of comorbidities increased (p for trend < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Some comorbidities exerted independent effects on initial choice of dialysis modality, but this choice did not always lead to the best results. Further analyses of the pattern of choosing dialysis modality according to baseline comorbid conditions and related consequent mortality outcomes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Cheon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Hoon Kim
- Department of Public Health, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Hyunwook Kim, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06273, Korea Tel: +82-2-2019-3310 Fax: +82-2-3463-3882 E-mail:
| | - Dong-Ryeol Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunwook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Hyunwook Kim, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06273, Korea Tel: +82-2-2019-3310 Fax: +82-2-3463-3882 E-mail:
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Harjola VP, Mullens W, Banaszewski M, Bauersachs J, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Chioncel O, Collins SP, Doehner W, Filippatos GS, Flammer AJ, Fuhrmann V, Lainscak M, Lassus J, Legrand M, Masip J, Mueller C, Papp Z, Parissis J, Platz E, Rudiger A, Ruschitzka F, Schäfer A, Seferovic PM, Skouri H, Yilmaz MB, Mebazaa A. Organ dysfunction, injury and failure in acute heart failure: from pathophysiology to diagnosis and management. A review on behalf of the Acute Heart Failure Committee of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur J Heart Fail 2017; 19:821-836. [PMID: 28560717 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ injury and impairment are commonly observed in patients with acute heart failure (AHF), and congestion is an essential pathophysiological mechanism of impaired organ function. Congestion is the predominant clinical profile in most patients with AHF; a smaller proportion presents with peripheral hypoperfusion or cardiogenic shock. Hypoperfusion further deteriorates organ function. The injury and dysfunction of target organs (i.e. heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, intestine, brain) in the setting of AHF are associated with increased risk for mortality. Improvement in organ function after decongestive therapies has been associated with a lower risk for post-discharge mortality. Thus, the prevention and correction of organ dysfunction represent a therapeutic target of interest in AHF and should be evaluated in clinical trials. Treatment strategies that specifically prevent, reduce or reverse organ dysfunction remain to be identified and evaluated to determine if such interventions impact mortality, morbidity and patient-centred outcomes. This paper reflects current understanding among experts of the presentation and management of organ impairment in AHF and suggests priorities for future research to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veli-Pekka Harjola
- Emergency Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wilfried Mullens
- Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium.,Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marek Banaszewski
- Intensive Cardiac Therapy Clinic, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ovidiu Chioncel
- Institute of Emergency in Cardiovascular Disease, University of Medicine Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sean P Collins
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wolfram Doehner
- Centre for Stroke Research, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerasimos S Filippatos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas J Flammer
- University Heart Centre, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Fuhrmann
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mitja Lainscak
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Murska Sobota, Murska Sobota, Slovenia.,Department of Research and Education, General Hospital Murska Sobota, Murska Sobota, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Johan Lassus
- Cardiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthieu Legrand
- U942 Inserm, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Investigation Network Initiative Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists (INI-CRCT), Nancy, France.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Burn Unit, St Louis Hospital, University Paris Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Josep Masip
- Consorci Sanitari Integral (Public Health Consortium), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cardiology, Hospital Sanitas CIMA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Mueller
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zoltán Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - John Parissis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece
| | - Elke Platz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alain Rudiger
- Cardio-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- University Heart Centre, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Schäfer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Petar M Seferovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Belgrade University School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia.,Heart Failure Centre, Belgrade University Medical Centre, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Hadi Skouri
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Centre, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mehmet Birhan Yilmaz
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Alexandre Mebazaa
- U942 Inserm, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Investigation Network Initiative Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists (INI-CRCT), Nancy, France.,University Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University Hospitals Saint Louis-Lariboisière, Paris, France
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Wearne N, Kilonzo K, Effa E, Davidson B, Nourse P, Ekrikpo U, Okpechi IG. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: perspectives on patient selection in low- to middle-income countries. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2017; 10:1-9. [PMID: 28115864 PMCID: PMC5221809 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s104208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a major public health problem that continues to show an unrelenting global increase in prevalence. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease has been predicted to grow the fastest in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs). There is evidence that people living in LMICs have the highest need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) despite the lowest access to various modalities of treatment. As continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) does not require advanced technologies, much infrastructure, or need for dialysis staff support, it should be an ideal form of RRT in LMICs, particularly for those living in remote areas. However, CAPD is scarcely available in many LMICs, and even where available, there are several hurdles to be confronted regarding patient selection for this modality. High cost of CAPD due to unavailability of fluids, low patient education and motivation, low remuneration for nephrologists, lack of expertise/experience for catheter insertion and management of complications, presence of associated comorbid diseases, and various socio-demographic factors contribute significantly toward reduced patient selection for CAPD. Cost of CAPD fluids seems to be a major constraint given that many countries do not have the capacity to manufacture fluids but instead rely heavily on fluids imported from developed countries. There is need to invest in fluid manufacturing (either nationally or regionally) in LMICs to improve uptake of patients treated with CAPD. Workforce training and retraining will be necessary to ensure that there is coordination of CAPD programs and increase the use of protocols designed to improve CAPD outcomes such as insertion of catheters, treatment of peritonitis, and treatment of complications associated with CAPD. Training of nephrology workforce in CAPD will increase workforce experience and make CAPD a more acceptable RRT modality with improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Wearne
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kajiru Kilonzo
- Department of Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Emmanuel Effa
- Department of Medicine, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Bianca Davidson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Peter Nourse
- Division of Paediatric Nephrology, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Udeme Ekrikpo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Ikechi G Okpechi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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38
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Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a common and important cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly, imposing a significant burden on healthcare systems. Better management of ischemic heart disease has resulted in increased survival and growth in the number of prevalent heart failure patients, but co-existing renal impairment complicates management and limits traditional therapeutic options. Ultrafiltration (UF) techniques have shown promise in the treatment of diuretic-resistant HF, but the early successes of extracorporeal treatments has not been confirmed by randomized trials. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) may be cheaper and provide more effective UF therapy in selected patients and this review examines the issues surrounding the use of PD for such patients. Whist many nephrologists are enthusiastic about the use of this technique, making a more cogent case for PD in this setting for cardiologists is likely to need a combined strategy of demonstrating improvement in individual cases and further study of potential medicoeconomic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen G Holt
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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39
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Pellicori P, Kaur K, Clark AL. Fluid Management in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. Card Fail Rev 2015; 1:90-95. [PMID: 28785439 PMCID: PMC5490880 DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2015.1.2.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Congestion, or fluid overload, is a classic clinical feature of patients presenting with heart failure patients, and its presence is associated with adverse outcome. However, congestion is not always clinically evident, and more objective measures of congestion than simple clinical examination may be helpful. Although diuretics are the mainstay of treatment for congestion, no randomised trials have shown the effects of diuretics on mortality in chronic heart failure patients. Furthermore, appropriate titration of diuretics in this population is unclear. Research is required to determine whether a robust method of detecting - and then treating - subclinical congestion improves outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Pellicori
- Department of Cardiology, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull York Medical School (at University of Hull), Kingston upon Hull, UK
| | - Kuldeep Kaur
- Department of Cardiology, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull York Medical School (at University of Hull), Kingston upon Hull, UK
| | - Andrew L Clark
- Department of Cardiology, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull York Medical School (at University of Hull), Kingston upon Hull, UK
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Abstract
The current models of cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) are mainly based on a cardiocentric approach; they assume that worsening renal function is an adverse consequence of the decline in cardiac function rather than a separate and independent pathologic phenomenon. If this assumption were true, then mechanical extraction of fluid (i.e., ultrafiltration therapy) would be expected to portend positive impact on renal hemodynamics and function through improvement in cardio-circulatory physiology and reduction in neurohormonal activation. However, currently available ultrafiltration trials, whether in acute heart failure (AHF) or in CRS, have so far failed to show any improvement in renal function; they have reported no impact or even observed adverse renal outcomes in this setting. Moreover, the presence or absence of renal dysfunction seems to affect the overall safety and efficacy of ultrafiltration therapy in AHF. This manuscript briefly reviews cardiorenal physiology in AHF and concludes that therapeutic options for CRS should not only target cardio-circulatory status of the patients, but they need to also have the ability of addressing the adverse homeostatic consequences of the associated decline in renal function. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) can be such an option for the chronic cases of CRS as it has been shown to provide efficient intracorporeal ultrafiltration and sodium extraction in volume overloaded patients while concurrently correcting the metabolic consequences of diminished renal function. Currently available trials on PD in heart failure have shown the safety and efficacy of this therapeutic modality for patients with chronic CRS and suggest that it could represent a pathophysiologically and conceptually relevant option in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Kazory
- Amir Kazory, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0224, United States
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41
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Broekman KE, Sinkeler SJ, Waanders F, Bartels GL, Navis G, Janssen WMT. Volume control in treatment-resistant congestive heart failure: role for peritoneal dialysis. Heart Fail Rev 2015; 19:709-16. [PMID: 24442648 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-014-9421-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic congestive heart failure (HF) has a rising prevalence and increasing impact on health care systems. Current treatment consists of diuretics, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers, and restriction of salt and fluids. This strategy is often hampered by a drop in effective circulating volume and hence renal perfusion and function, triggering harmful counter regulatory mechanisms. Slow ultrafiltration by peritoneal dialysis (PD) might be an effective treatment strategy to relieve fluid overload without compromising cardiac output and thereby renal function. In this review, we discuss the (patho)physiological mechanisms of the cardiorenal interaction and the current literature on PD strategies in congestive HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Broekman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Martini Hospital, Van Swietenplein 1, 9700 RM, Groningen, The Netherlands,
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42
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Lu R, Muciño-Bermejo MJ, Ribeiro LC, Tonini E, Estremadoyro C, Samoni S, Sharma A, Zaragoza Galván JDJ, Crepaldi C, Brendolan A, Ni Z, Rosner MH, Ronco C. Peritoneal dialysis in patients with refractory congestive heart failure: a systematic review. Cardiorenal Med 2015; 5:145-56. [PMID: 25999963 PMCID: PMC4427136 DOI: 10.1159/000380915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Refractory congestive heart failure (RCHF) is associated with a high mortality rate and is a major contributor to hospital admissions. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an option to control volume overload and perhaps improve outcomes in this challenging patient population. The aim of this systematic review is to describe the relative risk-benefit ratio based on data reported regarding the use of PD in RCHF. This study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. An electronic search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was performed to identify relevant studies published from January 1951 to February 2014. Eligible studies selected were prospective or retrospective adult population studies on PD in the setting of RCHF. The following clinical outcomes were used to assess PD therapy: (1) hospitalization rates; (2) heart function; (3) renal function; (4) fluid overload, and (5) adverse clinical outcomes. SUMMARY Of 864 citations, we excluded 843 citations and included 21 studies (n = 673 patients). After PD, hospitalization days declined significantly (p = 0.0001), and heart function improved significantly (left ventricular ejection fraction: p = 0.0013; New York Heart Association classification: p = 0.0000). There were no statistically significant differences in glomerular filtration rate after PD treatment in non-chronic kidney disease stage 5D patients (p = 0.1065). Among patients treated with PD, body weight decreased significantly (p = 0.0006). The yearly average peritonitis rate was 14.5%, and the average yearly mortality was 20.3%. KEY MESSAGES This systematic review suggests that PD may be an effective and safe therapeutic tool for patients with RCHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhua Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation of the San Bortolo Hospital, International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - María-Jimena Muciño-Bermejo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation of the San Bortolo Hospital, International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Leonardo Claudino Ribeiro
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation of the San Bortolo Hospital, International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Enrico Tonini
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation of the San Bortolo Hospital, International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Carla Estremadoyro
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation of the San Bortolo Hospital, International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Sara Samoni
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation of the San Bortolo Hospital, International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Aashish Sharma
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation of the San Bortolo Hospital, International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - José de Jesús Zaragoza Galván
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation of the San Bortolo Hospital, International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Carlo Crepaldi
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation of the San Bortolo Hospital, International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Brendolan
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation of the San Bortolo Hospital, International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mitchell H. Rosner
- Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Va., USA
| | - Claudio Ronco
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation of the San Bortolo Hospital, International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
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43
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Fröhlich H, Katus HA, Täger T, Lossnitzer N, Grossekettler L, Kihm L, Zeier M, Remppis A, Frankenstein L, Schwenger V. Peritoneal ultrafiltration in end-stage chronic heart failure. Clin Kidney J 2015; 8:219-25. [PMID: 25815181 PMCID: PMC4370307 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfv007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiorenal syndrome type 2 (CRS-2) is common in end-stage chronic heart failure (CHF). Peritoneal ultrafiltration (pUF) may entail clinical functional improvement and a reduction in hospitalizations. Methods Thirty-nine consecutive end-stage CHF patients with stable CRS-2 were initiated on ambulatory pUF after interdisciplinary cardiological/nephrological evaluation and prospectively followed for 1 year. All-cause hospitalization was the primary end point. Secondary end points included mortality, treatment alteration and change in weight, NYHA functional class or quality of life (QoL). Outcomes were compared both within the pUF cohort (365 prior to initiation) and with 39 matched CHF patients receiving standard medical treatment. Results Compared with pretreatment, there was a trend to a reduction in 1-year hospitalization days in the pUF group (P = 0.07). One-year mortality was 33% in the pUF group and 23% in the matched control cohort. pUF was stopped in eight patients (18%) due to recurrent peritonitis (n = 3), insufficient ultrafiltration (n = 3) or cardiac recompensation (n = 1). Compared with standard medical treatment, pUF significantly improved volume overload (P < 0.05), NYHA functional class (P < 0.001) and mental health (P < 0.05). Moreover, hospitalization days for all causes as well as cardiovascular hospitalization days were significantly reduced during the interim periods in the pUF group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions pUF is effective in improving the clinical condition of end-stage CHF patients suffering from CRS-2. Randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify the effects of pUF on hospitalization and mortality in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Fröhlich
- Department of Cardiology , University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology , University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Tobias Täger
- Department of Cardiology , University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Nicole Lossnitzer
- Department of Cardiology , University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Leonie Grossekettler
- Department of Nephrology , University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Lars Kihm
- Department of Cardiology , University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Martin Zeier
- Department of Nephrology , University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Andrew Remppis
- Heart and Vascular Centre Bad Bevensen , Bad Bevensen , Germany
| | - Lutz Frankenstein
- Department of Nephrology , University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Vedat Schwenger
- Department of Nephrology , University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
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44
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Peritoneal ultrafiltration in congestive heart failure—findings reported from its application in clinical practice: a systematic review. J Nephrol 2015; 28:29-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s40620-014-0166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an overview on the most recent evidence for the use of extracorporeal and peritoneal ultrafiltration in heart failure, focusing on the major publications from the last few years. RECENT FINDINGS There have been several studies investigating the possible use of extracorporeal and peritoneal ultrafiltration in the management of acute and chronic heart failure. These trials have investigated the potential benefits and advantages of ultrafiltration over conventional medical therapy, in terms of clinical outcomes. SUMMARY Although ultrafiltration remains an extremely appealing therapeutic option for patients with heart failure and congestion, with several theoretical beneficial effects, some of the most recent studies have reported inconsistent findings. Differences in the selection of the study population, heterogeneity of the indications for use of ultrafiltration, variation in the ultrafiltration protocols, and high variability in the pharmacologic therapy used for the control group could explain some of these conflicting findings.
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46
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François K, Bargman JM. Evaluating the benefits of home-based peritoneal dialysis. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2014; 7:447-55. [PMID: 25506238 PMCID: PMC4260684 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s50527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an effective renal replacement strategy for patients suffering from end-stage renal disease. PD offers patient survival comparable to or better than in-center hemodialysis while preserving residual kidney function, empowering patient autonomy, and reducing financial burden to payors. The majority of patients suffering from kidney failure are eligible for PD. In patients with cardiorenal syndrome and uncontrolled fluid status, PD is of particular benefit, decreasing hospitalization rates and duration. This review discusses the benefits of chronic PD, performed by the patient or a caregiver at home. Recognition of the benefits of PD is a cornerstone in stimulating the use of this treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlien François
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joanne M Bargman
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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47
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Update on heart failure, heart transplant, congenital heart disease, and clinical cardiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:290-7. [PMID: 24775619 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the year 2012, 3 scientific sections-heart failure and transplant, congenital heart disease, and clinical cardiology-are presented together in the same article. The most relevant development in the area of heart failure and transplantation is the 2012 publication of the European guidelines for heart failure. These describe new possibilities for some drugs (eplerenone and ivabradine); expand the criteria for resynchronization, ventricular assist, and peritoneal dialysis; and cover possibilities of percutaneous repair of the mitral valve (MitraClip(®)). The survival of children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome in congenital heart diseases has improved significantly. Instructions for percutaneous techniques and devices have been revised and modified for the treatment of atrial septal defects, ostium secundum, and ventricular septal defects. Hybrid procedures for addressing structural congenital heart defects have become more widespread. In the area of clinical cardiology studies have demonstrated that percutaneous prosthesis implantation has lower mortality than surgical implantation. Use of the CHA2DS2-VASc criteria and of new anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban) is also recommended. In addition, the development of new sequencing techniques has enabled the analysis of multiple genes.
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48
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Verbrugge FH, Dupont M, Steels P, Grieten L, Swennen Q, Tang WHW, Mullens W. The kidney in congestive heart failure: 'are natriuresis, sodium, and diuretics really the good, the bad and the ugly?'. Eur J Heart Fail 2013; 16:133-42. [PMID: 24464967 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review discusses renal sodium handling in heart failure. Increased sodium avidity and tendency to extracellular volume overload, i.e. congestion, are hallmark features of the heart failure syndrome. Particularly in the case of concomitant renal dysfunction, the kidneys often fail to elicit potent natriuresis. Yet, assessment of renal function is generally performed by measuring serum creatinine, which has inherent limitations as a biomarker for the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Moreover, glomerular filtration only represents part of the nephron's function. Alterations in the fractional reabsorptive rate of sodium are at least equally important in emerging therapy-refractory congestion. Indeed, renal blood flow decreases before the GFR is affected in congestive heart failure. The resulting increased filtration fraction changes Starling forces in peritubular capillaries, which drive sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubules. Congestion further stimulates this process by augmenting renal lymph flow. Consequently, fractional sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubules is significantly increased, limiting sodium delivery to the distal nephron. Orthosympathetic activation probably plays a pivotal role in those deranged intrarenal haemodynamics, which ultimately enhance diuretic resistance, stimulate neurohumoral activation with aldosterone breakthrough, and compromise the counter-regulatory function of natriuretic peptides. Recent evidence even suggests that intrinsic renal derangements might impair natriuresis early on, before clinical congestion or neurohumoral activation are evident. This represents a paradigm shift in heart failure pathophysiology, as it suggests that renal dysfunction-although not by conventional GFR measurements-is driving disease progression. In this respect, a better understanding of renal sodium handling in congestive heart failure is crucial to achieve more tailored decongestive therapy, while preserving renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik H Verbrugge
- Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, 3600, Belgium; Doctoral School for Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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49
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Courivaud C, Kazory A, Crépin T, Azar R, Bresson-Vautrin C, Chalopin JM, Ducloux D. Peritoneal dialysis reduces the number of hospitalization days in heart failure patients refractory to diuretics. Perit Dial Int 2013; 34:100-8. [PMID: 23994842 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2012.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Previous small studies have reported favorable results of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in the setting of chronic refractory heart failure (CRHF). We evaluated the impact of PD in a larger cohort of patients with CHRF where end-stage renal disease was excluded. ♢ METHODS All patients who received PD therapy for CRHF between January 1995 and December 2010 in two medical centers in France were included in this retrospective study. Baseline characteristics were compared with clinical parameters during the first year after initiation of PD. Mortality, safety, and sustainability of PD were also analyzed. ♢ RESULTS The 126 patients included had a mean age of 72 ± 11 years and an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 33.5 ± 15.1 mL/min/1.73 m2. Mean time on PD was 16 ± 16.6 months. During the first year, patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 30% or less experienced improvement in cardiac function (30% ± 10% vs 20% ± 6%, p < 0.0001). We observed a significant reduction in the number of days of hospitalization for acute decompensated heart failure after PD initiation (3.3 ± 2.6 days/patient-month vs 0.3 ± 0.5 days/patient-month, p < 0.0001). One-year mortality was 42%. ♢ CONCLUSIONS In CRHF, PD significantly reduces the number of days of hospitalization for acute heart failure. Improved LVEF may have led to the comparatively good 1-year survival in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Courivaud
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplantation,1 University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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50
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Puttinger H. [Peritoneal dialysis--an ideal initial dialysis mode]. Wien Med Wochenschr 2013; 163:271-9. [PMID: 23817731 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-013-0200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) has become an established dialysis modality besides hemodialysis (HD). Although PD is an equal form of dialysis compared to HD, patients numbers on PD remain low worldwide. There are several reasons for this fact. The medical staff in some centers is not used to PD, so there is not enough information about the different dialysis methods available for the patients and the staff doesn't get the training that would be necessary to get familiar with PD. There are some concerns about offering PD to certain groups of patients despite excellent results as to quality of dialysis, good preservation of residual renal function, low costs compared to HD and better quality of life than on HD. However, PD should be offered to all patients requiring dialysis with very few exeptions as an ideal initial dialysis method. This includes patients with diabetes, patients with kidney transplant failure, patients with congestive heart failure and older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Puttinger
- Klinische Abteilung für Nephrologie und Dialyse, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin III, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich.
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