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Batacan RB, Duncan MJ, Dalbo VJ, Buitrago GL, Fenning AS. Effect of different intensities of physical activity on cardiometabolic markers and vascular and cardiac function in adult rats fed with a high-fat high-carbohydrate diet. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2018; 7:109-119. [PMID: 30356452 PMCID: PMC6180540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) and diet are 2 lifestyle factors that affect cardiometabolic risk. However, data on how a high-fat high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet influences the effect of different intensities of PA on cardiometabolic health and cardiovascular function in a controlled setting are yet to be fully established. This study investigated the effect of sedentary behavior, light-intensity training (LIT), and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiometabolic markers and vascular and cardiac function in HFHC-fed adult rats. METHODS Twelve-week-old Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups (12 rats/group): control (CTL), sedentary (SED), LIT, and HIIT. Biometric indices, glucose and lipid control, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, vascular reactivity, and cardiac electrophysiology of the experimental groups were examined after 12 weeks of HFHC-diet feeding and PA interventions. RESULTS The SED group had slower cardiac conduction (p = 0.0426) and greater thoracic aortic contractile responses (p < 0.05) compared with the CTL group. The LIT group showed improved cardiac conduction compared with the SED group (p = 0.0003), and the HIIT group showed decreased mesenteric artery contractile responses compared with all other groups and improved endothelium-dependent mesenteric artery relaxation compared with the LIT group (both p < 0.05). The LIT and HIIT groups had lower visceral (p = 0.0057 for LIT, p = 0.0120 for HIIT) and epididymal fat (p < 0.0001 for LIT, p = 0.0002 for HIIT) compared with the CTL group. CONCLUSION LIT induced positive adaptations on fat accumulation and cardiac conduction, and HIIT induced a positive effect on fat accumulation, mesenteric artery contraction, and endothelium-dependent relaxation. No other differences were observed between groups. These findings suggest that few positive health effects can be achieved through LIT and HIIT when consuming a chronic and sustained HFHC diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romeo B. Batacan
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
- Centre for Physical Activity Studies, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Mitch J. Duncan
- School of Medicine & Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Vincent J. Dalbo
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
| | - Geraldine L. Buitrago
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia
| | - Andrew S. Fenning
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
- Centre for Physical Activity Studies, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
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Itoh M, Shinke T, Yoshida A, Kozuki A, Takei A, Fukuzawa K, Kiuchi K, Imamura K, Fujiwara R, Suzuki A, Nakanishi T, Yamashita S, Matsumoto A, Otake H, Nagoshi R, Shite J, Hirata KI. Reduction in coronary microvascular resistance through cardiac resynchronization and its impact on chronic reverse remodelling of left ventricle in patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Europace 2015; 17:1407-14. [PMID: 25662988 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euu361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Left bundle branch block (LBBB) induces mechanical dyssynchrony, thereby compromising the coronary circulation in non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. We sought to examine the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on coronary flow dynamics and left ventricular (LV) function. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-two patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (New York Heart Association class, III or IV; LV ejection fraction, ≤35%; QRS duration, ≥130 ms) were enrolled. One week after implantation of the CRT device, coronary flow velocity and pressure in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) were measured invasively, before and after inducing hyperemia by adenosine triphosphate administration, with two programming modes: sequential atrial and biventricular pacing (BiV) and atrial pacing in patients with LBBB or sequential atrial and right ventricular pacing in patients with complete atrioventricular block (Control). We assessed hyperemic microvascular resistance (HMR, mean distal pressure divided by hyperemic average peak velocity) and the relationship between the change in HMR and mid-term LV reverse remodelling. Hyperemic microvascular resistance was lower during BiV than during Control (LAD: 1.76 ± 0.47 vs. 1.54 ± 0.45, P < 0.001; LCx: 1.92 ± 0.42 vs. 1.73 ± 0.31, P = 0.003). The CRT-induced change in HMR of the LCx correlated with the percentage change in LV ejection fraction (R = -0.598, P = 0.011) and LV end-systolic volume (R = 0.609, P = 0.010) before and 6 months after CRT. CONCLUSION Cardiac resynchronization therapy improves coronary flow circulation by reducing microvascular resistance, which might be associated with LV reverse remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Itoh
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Toshiro Shinke
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Akihiro Yoshida
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Amane Kozuki
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Asumi Takei
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Koji Fukuzawa
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Kunihiko Kiuchi
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Kimitake Imamura
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Ryudo Fujiwara
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakanishi
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Soichiro Yamashita
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Akinori Matsumoto
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Hiromasa Otake
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Ryoji Nagoshi
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Junya Shite
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Hirata
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
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Dou J, Xia L, Zhang Y, Shou G, Wei Q, Liu F, Crozier S. Mechanical analysis of congestive heart failure caused by bundle branch block based on an electromechanical canine heart model. Phys Med Biol 2008; 54:353-71. [PMID: 19098354 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/54/2/012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Asynchronous electrical activation, induced by bundle branch block (BBB), can cause reduced ventricular function. However, the effects of BBB on the mechanical function of heart are difficult to assess experimentally. Many heart models have been developed to investigate cardiac properties during BBB but have mainly focused on the electrophysiological properties. To date, the mechanical function of BBB has not been well investigated. Based on a three-dimensional electromechanical canine heart model, the mechanical properties of complete left and right bundle branch block (LBBB and RBBB) were simulated. The anatomical model as well as the fiber orientations of a dog heart was reconstructed from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor MRI (DT-MRI). Using the solutions of reaction-diffusion equations and with a strategy of parallel computation, the asynchronous excitation propagation and intraventricular conduction in BBB was simulated. The mechanics of myocardial tissues were computed with time-, sarcomere length-dependent uniaxial active stress initiated at the time of depolarization. The quantification of mechanical intra- and interventricular asynchrony of BBB was then investigated using the finite-element method with an eight-node isoparametric element. The simulation results show that (1) there exists inter- and intraventricular systolic dyssynchrony during BBB; (2) RBBB may have more mechanical synchrony and better systolic function of the left ventricle (LV) than LBBB; (3) the ventricles always move toward the early-activated ventricle; and (4) the septum experiences higher stress than left and right ventricular free walls in BBB. The simulation results validate clinical and experimental recordings of heart deformation and provide regional quantitative estimates of ventricular wall strain and stress. The present work suggests that an electromechanical heart model, incorporating real geometry and fiber orientations, may be helpful for better understanding of the mechanical implications of congestive heart failure (CHF) caused by BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Dou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China. Guangzhou General Army Hospital, Guangzhou 510010, People's Republic of China
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