1
|
Power CJ, Fox JL, Elliott-Sale KJ, Bender AM, Dalbo VJ, Scanlan AT. Waking Up to the Issue! Research Inattention and Sex-Related Differences Warrant More Sleep Studies in Female Athletes. Sports Med 2023:10.1007/s40279-023-01963-5. [PMID: 37989830 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Understanding sleep patterns and behaviors of athletes is essential for developing targeted sleep-based interventions for implementation in practice. However, more than double the number of sleep studies have examined male athletes compared with female athletes, making the current understanding of sleep patterns, behaviors, and interventions among athletes disproportionately indicative of men. Consequently, this review demonstrates the need for more female-specific sleep data among athlete populations due to research inattention and sex-related differences. Specifically, this review identifies variations in sleep patterns and behaviors between male and female athletes, as well as physiological and lifestyle factors that potentially affect sleep patterns and behaviors across the lifespan, specifically in female athletes. In this regard, evidence suggests some female athletes experience longer sleep durations and better objective sleep quality, but similar or worse subjective sleep quality compared with male athletes. Additionally, scheduling training in the morning or throughout the day may benefit sleep in some female athletes. Considering sleep disorders, women may be at greater risk for insomnia and restless legs syndrome compared with men, which may be attributed to pregnancy, as well as a higher prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms, iron deficiency without anemia, and use of psychotropic medication among women. Finally, the menstrual cycle, menstrual disorders, oral contraceptive use, and the postpartum period have been shown to exert detrimental effects on sleep patterns and behaviors and should theoretically be considered when monitoring and managing sleep in female athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cody J Power
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia.
| | - Jordan L Fox
- Rural Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Kirsty J Elliott-Sale
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Amy M Bender
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Absolute Rest, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Vincent J Dalbo
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Aaron T Scanlan
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
McIntosh MC, Sexton CL, Godwin JS, Ruple BA, Michel JM, Plotkin DL, Ziegenfuss TN, Lopez HL, Smith R, Dwaraka VB, Sharples AP, Dalbo VJ, Mobley CB, Vann CG, Roberts MD. Different Resistance Exercise Loading Paradigms Similarly Affect Skeletal Muscle Gene Expression Patterns of Myostatin-Related Targets and mTORC1 Signaling Markers. Cells 2023; 12:898. [PMID: 36980239 PMCID: PMC10047349 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although transcriptome profiling has been used in several resistance training studies, the associated analytical approaches seldom provide in-depth information on individual genes linked to skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Therefore, a secondary analysis was performed herein on a muscle transcriptomic dataset we previously published involving trained college-aged men (n = 11) performing two resistance exercise bouts in a randomized and crossover fashion. The lower-load bout (30 Fail) consisted of 8 sets of lower body exercises to volitional fatigue using 30% one-repetition maximum (1 RM) loads, whereas the higher-load bout (80 Fail) consisted of the same exercises using 80% 1 RM loads. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were collected prior to (PRE), 3 h, and 6 h after each exercise bout, and 58 genes associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy were manually interrogated from our prior microarray data. Select targets were further interrogated for associated protein expression and phosphorylation induced-signaling events. Although none of the 58 gene targets demonstrated significant bout x time interactions, ~57% (32 genes) showed a significant main effect of time from PRE to 3 h (15↑ and 17↓, p < 0.01), and ~26% (17 genes) showed a significant main effect of time from PRE to 6 h (8↑ and 9↓, p < 0.01). Notably, genes associated with the myostatin (9 genes) and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) (9 genes) signaling pathways were most represented. Compared to mTORC1 signaling mRNAs, more MSTN signaling-related mRNAs (7 of 9) were altered post-exercise, regardless of the bout, and RHEB was the only mTORC1-associated mRNA that was upregulated following exercise. Phosphorylated (phospho-) p70S6K (Thr389) (p = 0.001; PRE to 3 h) and follistatin protein levels (p = 0.021; PRE to 6 h) increased post-exercise, regardless of the bout, whereas phospho-AKT (Thr389), phospho-mTOR (Ser2448), and myostatin protein levels remained unaltered. These data continue to suggest that performing resistance exercise to volitional fatigue, regardless of load selection, elicits similar transient mRNA and signaling responses in skeletal muscle. Moreover, these data provide further evidence that the transcriptional regulation of myostatin signaling is an involved mechanism in response to resistance exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Casey L. Sexton
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | | | - J. Max Michel
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam P. Sharples
- Institute for Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, 0164 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vincent J. Dalbo
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton 4700, Australia
| | | | - Christopher G. Vann
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 03824, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Scanlan AT, Wen N, Pyne DB, Stojanović E, Milanović Z, Conte D, Vaquera A, Dalbo VJ. Power-Related Determinants of Modified Agility T-test Performance in Male Adolescent Basketball Players. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:2248-2254. [PMID: 30893280 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Scanlan, AT, Wen, N, Pyne, DB, Stojanović, E, Milanović, Z, Conte, D, Vaquera, A, and Dalbo, VJ. Power-related determinants of Modified Agility T-test performance in male adolescent basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2248-2254, 2021-Although the Modified Agility T-test (MAT) has been advocated for assessing change-of-direction performance in basketball, the power-related attributes emphasized during the test are unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the power-related determinants of the MAT in basketball players. A cross-sectional, descriptive research design was used whereby national- and state-level male adolescent basketball players (n = 24; 17.3 ± 0.5 years) completed a battery of power-related performance tests. The tests administered included the MAT, isometric midthigh pull, 10-m sprint, countermovement jump, 1-step vertical jump, standing long jump, and repeated lateral bound. Associations between performance during the MAT and other tests were quantified, and performance in each test was compared between faster (>50th percentile) and slower (<50th percentile) players in the MAT. The MAT exhibited large correlations (p < 0.05) with standing long jump distance (r = -0.67, R2 = 45%), countermovement jump relative peak force (r = -0.63, R2 = 39%), isometric midthigh pull relative peak force (r = -0.55, R2 = 30%), and 10-m sprint time (r = 0.53, R2 = 28%). The faster group performed better (p < 0.05) during the standing long jump (mean difference; ±90% confidence limits: 0.16; ±0.12 m) and produced greater (p < 0.05) relative peak force during the isometric midthigh pull (2.5; ±2.3 N·kg-1) and countermovement jump (2.1; ±1.8 N·kg-1) than the slower group. The MAT complements other power-related tests used in basketball and stresses basketball-specific, power-related attributes in various movement planes. These data can inform training and testing approaches to optimize change-of-direction performance in basketball.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Scanlan
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Neal Wen
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - David B Pyne
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Zoran Milanović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,Science and Research Center Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Daniele Conte
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Alejandro Vaquera
- Faculty of Sciences of Physical Activity and Sport, University of León, Leon, Spain; and.,Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Worcester, Henwick Grove, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent J Dalbo
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stojanović E, Jakovljević V, Scanlan AT, Dalbo VJ, Radovanović D. Vitamin D 3 supplementation reduces serum markers of bone resorption and muscle damage in female basketball players with vitamin D inadequacy. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:1532-1542. [PMID: 34240659 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1953153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation at a dose of 4,000 IU/day for 6 weeks on serum levels of: 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], bone turnover [osteocalcin and carboxy-terminal telopeptides of crosslinks of type I collagen (CTx-I)], and muscle damage [lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK)] in middle adolescent (15-18 years) and late-adolescent to early adulthood (19-30 years) female basketball players with inadequate vitamin D status. Participants (N=24) were randomly assigned in a double-blind manner into a vitamin D or placebo group. Data were analyzed using separate 2×2x2 mixed ANOVAs with one within-subjects factor (time) and two between-subjects factors (condition and age). When a significant interaction was observed, the intra-group changes were assessed using paired t tests and Hedge's g. Paired t-tests comparing intra-group changes in the vitamin D condition revealed a non-significant large improvement in 25(OH)D (p = 0.06; g = 0.86), non-significant small decreases in CTx-I (p = 0.13; g = -0.22) and CK (p = 0.07; g = -0.26), as well as a significant moderate decrease in LDH (p = 0.004; g = -0.74). Paired t-tests comparing intra-group changes in the placebo condition revealed a significant moderate decline in 25(OH)D (p <0.001; g = -0.77), as well as significant small increases in CTx-I (p = 0.04; g = 0.47) and CK (p = 0.04; g = 0.36). Vitamin D3 supplementation at 4,000 IU/day could be effective in reducing bone resorption and muscle damage in female basketball players with inadequate baseline vitamin D, irrespective of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Stojanović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljević
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Department of Human Pathology, Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aaron T Scanlan
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Vincent J Dalbo
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ramirez-Campillo R, Gentil P, Moran J, Dalbo VJ, Scanlan AT. Dribble Deficit Enables Measurement of Dribbling Speed Independent of Sprinting Speed in Collegiate, Male, Basketball Players. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:2040-2045. [PMID: 30664115 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ramirez-Campillo, R, Gentil, P, Moran, J, Dalbo, VJ, and Scanlan, AT. Dribble Deficit enables measurement of dribbling speed independent of sprinting speed in collegiate, male, basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 35(7): 2040-2045, 2021-The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between sprinting and dribbling speed in basketball during linear and change-of-direction (COD) sprints using total dribbling time and Dribble Deficit. Collegiate, male, basketball players (n = 10; 21.0 ± 1.6 years) performed linear and COD sprints with and without dribbling a ball. Linear dribbling sprints were measured for the dominant and nondominant hands, whereas COD dribbling sprints involved bilateral use of hands. Dribble Deficit was determined as the difference between total time (second) during each dribbling trial and the equivalent nondribbling trial for linear and COD sprints. Simple linear regression analyses were performed during linear and COD sprints to determine the relationship (R) and shared variance (R2) between (a) sprinting times and total dribbling times and (b) sprinting times and Dribble Deficit. Large to very large, significant relationships were evident between linear sprinting and dribbling time for dominant (R = 0.86; R2 = 0.74, p = 0.001) and nondominant hands (R = 0.80; R2 = 0.65, p = 0.005). Trivial relationships were apparent between linear sprinting time and Dribble Deficit with dominant (R = 0.10; R2 = 0.01, p = 0.778) and nondominant hands (R = 0.03; R2 = 0.00, p = 0.940). A very large relationship was evident between COD sprinting and dribbling time (R = 0.91; R2 = 0.82, p < 0.001), whereas a trivial relationship was observed between COD sprinting time and COD Dribble Deficit (R = -0.23; R2 = 0.05, p = 0.530). Dribble Deficit eliminates the strong influence of sprinting speed on outcome measures typically seen when using tests predicated on total dribbling time. Consequently, Dribble Deficit may be of added use in basketball test batteries to measure dribbling speed across linear and multidirectional movement paths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Laboratory of Human Performance, Quality of Life and Wellness Research Group, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Paulo Gentil
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Jason Moran
- Department of Sport, Hartpury University, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom ; and
| | - Vincent J Dalbo
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aaron T Scanlan
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Scanlan AT, Fox JL, Milanović Z, Stojanović E, Stanton R, Dalbo VJ. Individualized and Fixed Thresholds to Demarcate PlayerLoad Intensity Zones Produce Different Outcomes. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:2046-2052. [PMID: 30747898 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Scanlan, AT, Fox, JL, Milanović, Z, Stojanović, E, Stanton, R, and Dalbo, VJ. Individualized and fixed thresholds to demarcate PlayerLoad intensity zones produce different outcomes. J Strength Cond Res 35(7): 2046-2052, 2021-Individualized approaches to derive intensity zones are yet to be examined using microsensor metrics in basketball. The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare the time spent in different PlayerLoad intensity zones using individualized and fixed approaches during basketball training. Thirteen semiprofessional, male basketball players were monitored across the preparatory training phase. Microsensors recorded the time spent in 6 PlayerLoad intensity zones using individualized and fixed approaches. Individualized zones were calculated relative to the peak instantaneous PlayerLoad response observed in each player across training. Fixed zones were determined following predefined cut-points set in proprietary software. The majority of training time was spent in zones 1-2 (98-99%), with a low proportion of time detected in zones 3-6 (1-2%) across approaches. The fixed approach produced greater training time in zones 2 (11.9 ± 1.2 vs. 9.3 ± 2.4 minutes; very likely large) and 3 (1.7 ± 0.8 vs. 0.8 ± 0.9 minutes; very likely moderate), was an unclear small increase in time spent in zone 1 were apparent using individualized thresholds (76.5 ± 11.2 vs. 72.9 ± 9.6 minutes). Almost certain similar time was spent in zones 4-6 across approaches. Individual analyses showed deviations across players; however, fixed PlayerLoad thresholds produced higher training time in zones 2 (moderate to very large), 3 (moderate to very large), 4 (moderate to large), and 5 (moderate) than the individualized approach in most players. Variations in outcomes between individualized and fixed approaches must be considered when quantifying the time spent working in PlayerLoad intensity zones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Scanlan
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia ; and
| | - Jordan L Fox
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia ; and
| | - Zoran Milanović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia; and
- Science and Research Center Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Emilija Stojanović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia; and
| | - Robert Stanton
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia ; and
| | - Vincent J Dalbo
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia ; and
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Scanlan AT, Madueno MC, Guy JH, Giamarelos K, Spiteri T, Dalbo VJ. Measuring Decrement in Change-of-Direction Speed Across Repeated Sprints in Basketball: Novel vs. Traditional Approaches. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:841-845. [PMID: 30234693 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Scanlan, AT, Madueno, MC, Guy, JH, Giamarelos, K, Spiteri, T, and Dalbo, VJ. Measuring decrement in change-of-direction speed across repeated sprints in basketball: Novel vs. traditional approaches. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 841-845, 2021-Approaches to quantify decrement in change-of-direction speed during repeated sprints in basketball players have traditionally used total performance time, which is strongly influenced by linear speed. The purpose of this study was to compare performance decrement across change-of-direction sprints using total performance time and a novel approach that better isolates change-of-direction speed, termed change-of-direction deficit (CODD). Semiprofessional basketball players (N = 8; 19.9 ± 1.5 years; 183.0 ± 9.6 cm; 77.7 ± 16.9 kg) completed 12 × 20-m change-of-direction sprints (Agility 5-0-5 trials) with 20-second recoveries between each sprint. Agility 5-0-5 performance time was taken as the duration to cover 5 m immediately before and after (10 m in total) a 180° directional change. Change-of-direction deficit was calculated as the difference between mean 10- and 20-m split time determined during reference 20-m linear sprints in a separate session and Agility 5-0-5 time in each sprint. Performance decrement was calculated for each approach as: ([total time/ideal time] × 100) - 100. Comparisons between approaches were made using a paired-sample t-test, effect size analyses, and magnitude-based inferences. A significantly greater (P < 0.001; effect size = 2.16, very large; almost certainly higher) performance decrement was apparent using CODD (5.99 ± 1.88%) than Agility 5-0-5 performance time (2.84 ± 0.84%). The present findings indicate that change-of-direction speed measured with CODD shows promise in providing different insight and deteriorates more than total performance time during repeated sprints in basketball players. Change-of-direction deficit has potential to better isolate decrements in change-of-direction speed across repeated sprints compared with total performance time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Scanlan
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia.,School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Maria C Madueno
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia.,School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Joshua H Guy
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Cairns, Australia; and
| | - Kate Giamarelos
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Tania Spiteri
- School of Health Science, The University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Vincent J Dalbo
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia.,School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stojanović E, Scanlan AT, Milanović Z, Fox JL, Stanković R, Dalbo VJ. Acute caffeine supplementation improves jumping, sprinting, and change-of-direction performance in basketball players when ingested in the morning but not evening. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:360-370. [PMID: 33413049 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1874059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the effects of acute caffeine supplementation (3 mg/kg) administered in the morning and evening on performance-related variables in basketball players. Eleven, national-level, adolescent male basketball players underwent field-based fitness testing on four occasions: morning (10:00) with caffeine ingestion (AMCAFF), morning (10:00) with placebo ingestion (AMPLAC), evening (21:00) with caffeine ingestion (PMCAFF), and evening (21:00) with placebo ingestion (PMPLAC). Fitness testing included of a countermovement jump without arm swing (CMJ), CMJ with arm swing (CMJAS), squat jump (SJ), Lane Agility Drill (LAD), 20-m linear sprint, and Suicide Run with (SRD) and without dribbling (SR). Data were analysed using two-way repeated measures analyses of variance and paired t-tests, with effect sizes (ES) also determined for all pairwise comparisons. Follow-up t-test comparisons revealed that AMCAFF produced small-moderate, significant (p<0.001), improvements in CMJ (ES = 0.51), CMJAS (ES = 0.40), SJ (ES = 0.51), and SR (ES = -0.45) compared to AMPLAC. AMCAFF also produced a moderate, significantly (p<0.001) faster LAD (ES = -0.61) compared to PMCAFF. PMPLAC demonstrated small-moderate, significant (p<0.05) improvements in CMJ (ES = 0.43), CMJAS (ES = 0.48), and 20-m sprint (ES = -0.63) compared to AMPLAC. In contrast, AMPLAC resulted in large, significantly (p<0.001), faster SRD (ES = -1.46) and SR (ES = -1.59) compared to PMPLAC. Given the ergogenic effects of caffeine during basketball-specific fitness tests appear to be influenced by time of ingestion, basketball practitioners should consider administering caffeine only to players in the morning to improve vertical jump, sprinting, and change-of-direction performance, with no beneficial effects observed with caffeine ingestion in the evening.Highlights The effect of caffeine supplementation on basketball-specific performance related variables were mediated by ingestion time in elite, adolescent basketball players.AMCAFF produced small-moderate improvements in vertical jump, change-of-direction, 20-m linear sprint, and repeated-sprint performance compared to AMPLAC while PMCAFF produced trivial differences in each performance-related variable compared to PMPLAC.Comparisons between ingestion times in the placebo condition revealed vertical jump height and 20-m sprint speed were impaired in the morning compared to the evening, but these time-dependent differences were eliminated when caffeine was consumed in the morning.Basketball practitioners should consider administering caffeine only to players in the morning to improve vertical jump, sprinting, and change-of-direction performance, with no beneficial effects observed with caffeine ingestion in the evening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Stojanović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aaron T Scanlan
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia.,Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Zoran Milanović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia.,Faculty of Sports Studies, Incubator of Kinanthropological Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jordan L Fox
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia.,Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Ratko Stanković
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Vincent J Dalbo
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia.,Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Conte D, Scanlan AT, Dalbo VJ, Gang SZ, Smith MR, Bietkis T, Matulaitis K. Dribble Deficit quantifies dribbling speed independently of sprinting speed and differentiates between age categories in pre-adolescent basketball players. Biol Sport 2020; 37:261-267. [PMID: 32879548 PMCID: PMC7433332 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2020.95637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to a) quantify the relationships between sprinting and dribbling speed measured using dribble time and Dribble Deficit and b) assess the difference between age categories in sprinting and dribbling speed in pre-adolescent basketball players. Pre-adolescent, male basketball players (Total, N = 81; Under-10, n = 32, Under-9, n = 49) completed two trials of different tasks including 20-m linear sprints without dribbling, 20-m linear sprints dribbling with dominant and non-dominant hands, and change-of-direction (COD) sprints with and without dribbling. Sprinting time, dribbling time and Dribble Deficit were then calculated for each trial. Spearman rank correlations were used to assess the relationships between outcome measures for Under-9 and Under-10 players separately and combined. The Mann-Whitney U test with effect sizes (ES) was used to assess differences in outcome measures between Under-9 and Under-10 players. Moderate-to-very large significant relationships (p <0.05) between linear and COD sprinting time and dribbling time using dominant and non-dominant hands were found in Under-9, Under-10 and all players combined. Trivial-to-moderate relationships were found between sprinting time and Dribble Deficit in all age categories across linear and COD paths. Quicker performance times (p <0.05) were found for Under-10 compared to Under-9 players in all outcome measures (ES: small-to-moderate), except for COD sprinting time (p >0.05; ES: small). Dribble Deficit measures dribbling speed independently of sprinting speed across linear and COD paths in pre-adolescent basketball players and differentiates between age categories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Conte
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aaron T. Scanlan
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Vincent J. Dalbo
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | | | - Mitchell R. Smith
- Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Tomas Bietkis
- Department of Coaching Science, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kestutis Matulaitis
- Department of Coaching Science, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stojanović E, Stojiljković N, Stanković R, Scanlan AT, Dalbo VJ, Milanović Z. Game format alters the physiological and activity demands encountered during small-sided football games in recreational players. J Exerc Sci Fit 2020; 19:40-46. [PMID: 32922462 PMCID: PMC7475126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Conditioning in the form of football small-sided games (SSG) is being increasingly utilized as a health-promoting and performance-enhancing activity. Objective The aim of this study was to quantify and compare the physiological responses and activity demands encountered during 3-a-side, 4-a-side, and 5-a-side football SSG in recreational players. Method Heart rate, blood lactate (BLa), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and activity demands were measured across 2 × 20-min football sessions played on a 40 × 20-m pitch in 12 recreationally active college students. Data were collected over a period of two weeks using a repeated-measures crossover design. Results Mean heart rate was higher (moderate) during 5-a-side than 4-a-side (p = 0.02) and 3-a-side SSG (p < 0.001). BLa tended to be higher (small) in 3-a-side compared to 4-a-side (p = 0.12) and 5-a-side SSG (p = 0.46). The total distance covered was lower (large) during 5-a-side than 4-a-side SSG (p = 0.02), while the total number of accelerations (p = 0.01) and decelerations (p = 0.02) were higher (large) during 5-a-side than 4-a-side SSG. Conclusion These data suggest: 1) 5-a-side SSG require a greater intermittent workload and exacerbated HR responses; 2) 4-a-side SSG require more sustained activity (distance); and 3) 3-a-side SSG result in higher BLa compared to other SSG formats. The observed intermittent workload and exacerbated HR response in 5-a-side SSG were likely due to greater turnover rates with more frequent interceptions. Sustained activity in 4-a-side SSG might be underpinned by format-specific structures permitting optimal team work, while isolated guarding of players in 3-a-side SSG may have exacerbated BLa responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Stojanović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Ratko Stanković
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Aaron T Scanlan
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Vincent J Dalbo
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Zoran Milanović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
O’Grady CJ, Dalbo VJ, Teramoto M, Fox JL, Scanlan AT. External Workload Can Be Anticipated During 5 vs. 5 Games-Based Drills in Basketball Players: An Exploratory Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E2103. [PMID: 32235721 PMCID: PMC7143829 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study determined whether external workload could be anticipated during 5 vs. 5 games-based drills in basketball. Thirteen semi-professional, male basketball players were monitored during 5 vs. 5 training drills across the season. External workload was determined using PlayerLoad™ (AU∙min-1). The reference workload for each drill was calculated across all sessions, using bootstrapping. The bootstrap mean workload and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were then calculated for session 1, sessions 1-2, and continued for remaining sessions (1-3, 1-4, etc.), and were compared with those of the reference workload. The minimum sessions to anticipate workload for each drill was identified when the first normative value fell within ±5% or ±10% of the reference workload 95% CI. The minimum sessions were then tested to determine the accuracy to which workload could be anticipated. Three to four sessions were needed to anticipate workload within ±5%, while 2-3 sessions were needed to anticipate workload within ±10%. External workload was anticipated in 0-55% of future sessions using an error range of ±5%, and in 58-89% of sessions using an error range of ±10%. External workload during 5 vs. 5 games-based drills can be anticipated in most sessions using normative values established during a short-term monitoring period with an error range of ±10%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cody J. O’Grady
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
| | - Vincent J. Dalbo
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
| | - Masaru Teramoto
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Jordan L. Fox
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
| | - Aaron T. Scanlan
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Scanlan AT, Wen N, Guy JH, Elsworthy N, Lastella M, Pyne DB, Conte D, Dalbo VJ. The Isometric Midthigh Pull in Basketball: An Effective Predictor of Sprint and Jump Performance in Male, Adolescent Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2020; 15:409-415. [PMID: 31605523 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine correlations between peak force and impulse measures attained during the isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) and basketball-specific sprint and jump tests. METHODS Male, adolescent basketball players (N = 24) completed a battery of basketball-specific performance tests. Testing consisted of the IMTP (absolute and normalized peak force and impulse at 100 and 250 ms); 20-m sprint (time across 5, 10, and 20 m); countermovement jump (CMJ; absolute and normalized peak force and jump height); standing long jump (distance); and repeated lateral bound (distance). Correlation and regression analyses were conducted between IMTP measures and other attributes. RESULTS An almost perfect correlation was evident between absolute peak force attained during the IMTP and CMJ (r = .94, R2 = 56%, P < .05). Moderate to very large correlations (P < .05) were observed between IMTP normalized peak force and 5-m sprint time (r = -.44, R2 = 19%), 10-m sprint time (r = -.45, R2 = 20%), absolute (r = .57, R2 = 33%), normalized (r = .86, R2 = 73%) CMJ peak force, and standing long-jump distance (r = .51, R2 = 26%). Moderate to very large correlations were evident between impulse measures during the IMTP and 5-m sprint time (100 ms, r = -.40, R2 = 16%, P > .05) and CMJ absolute peak force (100 ms, r = .73, R2 = 54%; 250 ms, r = .68, R2 = 47%; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The IMTP may be used to assess maximal and rapid force expression important across a range of basketball-specific movements.
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Scanlan
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton 4702, Australia.
| | - Vincent J Dalbo
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton 4702, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Stojanović E, Stojiljković N, Stanković R, Scanlan AT, Dalbo VJ, Milanović Z. Recreational Basketball Small-Sided Games Elicit High-Intensity Exercise With Low Perceptual Demand. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 35:3151-3157. [PMID: 31403572 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Stojanović, E, Stojiljković, N, Stanković, R, Scanlan, AT, Dalbo, VJ, and Milanović, Z. Recreational basketball small-sided games elicit high-intensity exercise with low perceptual demand. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the internal and external load imposed on players during 1-a-side, 2-a-side, and 3-a-side recreational basketball small-sided games (SSGs). Twelve recreationally active, male college students were monitored across 10 minutes of 1-a-side, 2-a-side, and 3-a-side basketball SSG. Internal load variables included continuous measurement of heart rate (HR) responses, as well as rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and blood lactate concentration (BLa), after each game. External load variables included measurement of the total distance covered as well as the frequency of accelerations and decelerations. Blood lactate concentration and RPE were moderately (p < 0.05) greater in 1-a-side SSG than 3-a-side SSG. Total accelerations and decelerations were higher in 1-a-side and 2-a-side SSG compared with 3-a-side SSG (p < 0.05, moderate-large). All SSG formats resulted in players spending more time (p < 0.05, moderate-large) at higher HR intensities (81-100% HRmax) than lower intensities (≤80% HRmax). Furthermore, players covered greater distances (p < 0.05, large-very large) at lower intensities (0-12 km·h) and completed more accelerations and decelerations (p < 0.05, large-very large) at lower intensities (<2 m·s) than at higher intensities across SSG formats. Basketball SSG consisting of 1-3 players elicits an intermittent activity profile, promoting the extensive utilization of anaerobic and aerobic metabolism pathways, which potentially can lead to marked improvements in cardiovascular and musculoskeletal fitness in the general population when administered in recreational settings. Moreover, recreational basketball SSG with only 1 player per team elicits higher BLa, RPE, distances covered at low speeds as well as acceleration and deceleration volumes than SSG with 3 players per team.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Stojanović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Ratko Stanković
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Aaron T Scanlan
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Vincent J Dalbo
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Zoran Milanović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,Science and Research Center Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Berkelmans DM, Dalbo VJ, Fox JL, Stanton R, Kean CO, Giamarelos KE, Teramoto M, Scanlan AT. Influence of Different Methods to Determine Maximum Heart Rate on Training Load Outcomes in Basketball Players. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 32:3177-3185. [PMID: 30540282 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Berkelmans, DM, Dalbo, VJ, Fox, JL, Stanton, R, Kean, CO, Giamarelos, KE, Teramoto, M, and Scanlan, AT. Influence of different methods to determine maximum heart rate on training load outcomes in basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 32(11): 3177-3185, 2018-The summated-heart-rate-zones (SHRZ) approach uses heart rate (HR) responses relative to maximum HR (HRmax) to calculate the internal training load (TL). Age-predicted, test-derived, and session-based approaches have all been used to determine HRmax in team sports. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of using age-predicted, test-derived, and session-based HRmax responses on SHRZ TL in basketball players. Semiprofessional, male basketball players (N = 6) were analyzed during the preparatory training phase. Six age-based approaches were used to predict HRmax including Fox (220 - age); Hossack (206 - [0.567 × age]); Tanaka (208 - [0.7 × age]); Nikolaidis (223 - [1.44 × age]); Nes (211 - [0.64 × age]); and Faff (209.9 - [0.73 × age]). Test-derived HRmax was taken as the highest HR during the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (Yo-Yo IRT), whereas session-based HRmax was taken as the higher HR seen during the Yo-Yo IRT or training sessions. Comparisons in SHRZ TL were made at group and individual levels. No significant group differences were evident between SHRZ approaches. Effect size analyses revealed moderate (d = 0.60-0.79) differences between age-predicted, test-derived, and session-based methods across the group and individually in 2 players. The moderate differences between approaches suggest age-predicted, test-derived, and session-based methods to determine HRmax are not interchangeable when calculating SHRZ. Basketball practitioners are encouraged to use individualized HRmax directly measured during field-based tests supplemented with higher HR responses evident during training sessions and games when calculating the SHRZ TL to ensure greatest accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Berkelmans
- School of Health, Medical, and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Vincent J Dalbo
- School of Health, Medical, and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia.,Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | | | - Robert Stanton
- School of Health, Medical, and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Crystal O Kean
- School of Health, Medical, and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Kate E Giamarelos
- School of Health, Medical, and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Masaru Teramoto
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Aaron T Scanlan
- School of Health, Medical, and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia.,Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Stojanović E, Stojiljković N, Scanlan AT, Dalbo VJ, Stanković R, Antić V, Milanović Z. Acute caffeine supplementation promotes small to moderate improvements in performance tests indicative of in-game success in professional female basketball players. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:849-856. [PMID: 30633542 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of acute caffeine supplementation on anaerobic performance in professional female basketball players. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, experimental design was used in a randomized counterbalanced manner. In separate sessions, 10 professional basketball players ingested caffeine (3 mg/kg body mass) or a placebo (dextrose: 3 mg/kg body mass) 60 min before completing countermovement jumps (CMJ) with and without arm swing, a squat jump (SJ), the Lane Agility Drill, 20-m sprints (with 5-m and 10-m split times recorded) with and without dribbling a ball, and a suicide run. Participants provided ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and ratings of perceived performance 30 min following testing. Data analyses included the use of effect size (ES) and significance. Caffeine supplementation produced small nonsignificant (p > 0.05) increases in CMJ without arm swing (ES = 0.30), CMJ with arm swing (ES = 0.29), SJ (ES = 0.33), and the lane agility drill (ES = -0.27). Caffeine supplementation produced small to moderate significant improvements in 10-m (ES = -0.63; p = 0.05) and 20-m (ES = -0.41; p = 0.04) sprint times without dribbling. Caffeine supplementation promoted a moderate significant reduction in RPE during the test battery (ES = -1.18; p = 0.04) and a small nonsignificant improvement in perceived performance (ES = 0.23; p = 0.53). Acute caffeine supplementation may produce small to moderate improvements in key performance attributes required for basketball while reducing RPE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Stojanović
- a Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia.,b Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nenad Stojiljković
- a Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Aaron T Scanlan
- c Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, 4700 Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Vincent J Dalbo
- c Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, 4700 Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Ratko Stanković
- a Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Antić
- a Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Zoran Milanović
- a Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia.,d Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Spiteri T, Binetti M, Scanlan AT, Dalbo VJ, Dolci F, Specos C. Physical Determinants of Division 1 Collegiate Basketball, Women's National Basketball League, and Women's National Basketball Association Athletes: With Reference to Lower-Body Sidedness. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:159-166. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
18
|
Madueno MC, Guy JH, Dalbo VJ, Scanlan AT. A systematic review examining the physiological, perceptual, and performance effects of active and passive recovery modes applied between repeated-sprints. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018; 59:1492-1502. [PMID: 30421874 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.09188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Repeated-sprinting involves performing frequent short sprints (≤10 s) interspersed with brief recovery periods (≤60 s). Studies involving repeated-sprint protocols have typically employed active or passive recovery modes applied between running and cycling sprints. This review synthesized the literature to determine the acute physiological, perceptual, and performance effects of recovery mode applied between repeated-sprints during running and cycling protocols. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Articles were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and MEDLINE databases. Studies were eligible if they: 1) compared active and passive recovery applied between repeated-sprints; 2) examined sprints lasting ≤10 s, and; 3) included ≤60 s recovery between sprints. Nine studies were included in this review. Five of the included studies examined running and four studies examined cycling. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Passive recovery induced less physiological stress (heart rate, oxygen consumption, and changes in oxyhemoglobin), lower perceptual stress (rating of perceived exertion), and reduced performance decrement (sprint time, speed, and sprint decrement) compared to active recovery in all running studies. Findings were equivocal in cycling. CONCLUSIONS Application of passive recovery between running repeated-sprints is recommended to reduce performance decrement than passive recovery. Alternatively, active recovery applied between running repeated-sprints provides greater physiological stress than passive recovery and may be a useful training overload strategy to promote physiological adaptation. The mixed findings for physiological and performance measures in cycling studies suggest further research is required to reach definitive conclusions regarding application of recovery modes between cycling repeated-sprints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Madueno
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia - .,Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia -
| | - Joshua H Guy
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Vincent J Dalbo
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia.,Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Aaron T Scanlan
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia.,Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Berkelmans DM, Dalbo VJ, Kean CO, Milanović Z, Stojanović E, Stojiljković N, Scanlan AT. Heart Rate Monitoring in Basketball: Applications, Player Responses, and Practical Recommendations. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:2383-2399. [PMID: 29140908 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Berkelmans, DM, Dalbo, VJ, Kean, CO, Milanović, Z, Stojanović, E, Stojiljković, N, and Scanlan, AT. Heart rate monitoring in basketball: applications, player responses, and practical recommendations. J Strength Cond Res 32(8): 2383-2399, 2018-The aims of this review were to collate the existing literature encompassing heart rate (HR) monitoring in basketball to (a) identify the applications of HR measurement; (b) report HR responses in male and female players during training and game-play; (c) evaluate use of current HR-based training load models; and (d) provide recommendations for future research and best practice approaches for basketball practitioners. Heart rate monitoring in basketball carries 3 primary applications: (a) monitoring exercise intensity; (b) assessing player fatigue status; and (c) quantifying internal training load. When interpreting the available training and game-play HR data in basketball players, key differences have been observed between playing positions and playing levels. Sex- and age-based differences in HR responses during basketball training and game-play are apparent across separate studies; however, further research exploring HR responses in wider player groups is needed, especially in female and junior players. There is also a lack of research directly comparing player HR responses during training and game-play to ascertain the effectiveness of different drills in preparing players for competition. Heart rate-based models have been frequently used to quantify the internal training load in basketball players, including Banister's Training Impulse (TRIMP), Lucia's TRIMP, and Edwards' Summated-Heart-Rate-Zones (SHRZ). The SHRZ model seems to hold practical advantages and better detect changes in player responses across training cycles compared with other approaches. Practical outcomes of this review center on recommendations for position-specific training plans, drills to promote desired cardiovascular stress, analysis of HR outcome measures, and ideal training load monitoring approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Berkelmans
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Vincent J Dalbo
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia.,Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Crystal O Kean
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Zoran Milanović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | | | | | - Aaron T Scanlan
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia.,Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wen N, Dalbo VJ, Burgos B, Pyne DB, Scanlan AT. Power Testing in Basketball: Current Practice and Future Recommendations. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:2677-2691. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
21
|
Scanlan AT, Wen N, Spiteri T, Milanović Z, Conte D, Guy JH, Delextrat A, Dalbo VJ. Dribble Deficit: A novel method to measure dribbling speed independent of sprinting speed in basketball players. J Sports Sci 2018; 36:2596-2602. [PMID: 29708477 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1470217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Basketball tests assessing dribbling speed predicated on total performance times are influenced by sprinting speed. This study examines an approach termed Dribble Deficit to counter this limitation by examining the relationships between sprinting and dribbling speed during linear and change-of-direction (COD) tasks measured using total performance time and Dribble Deficit. Ten semi-professional basketball players completed linear sprints and COD sprints with and without dribbling. Dribble Deficit was calculated as the difference between the best time for each dribbling trial and corresponding non-dribbling trial for linear and COD sprints. Large to very large significant relationships (P < 0.05) were evident between linear sprint and dribble times (R = 0.64-0.77, R2 = 0.41-0.59), and between COD sprint and dribble times (R = 0.88, R2 = 0.77). Conversely, trivial-small relationships were evident between linear sprint time and linear Dribble Deficit (R = 0.01-0.15, R2 = 0.00-0.02). A non-significant, moderate, negative relationship was observed between COD sprint time and COD Dribble Deficit (R = -0.45, R2 = 0.20). These findings indicate Dribble Deficit provides a more isolated measure of dribbling speed than tests using total performance times. Basketball practitioners may use Dribble Deficit to measure dribbling speed independent of sprint speed in test batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Scanlan
- a Human Exercise and Training Laboratory , Central Queensland University , Rockhampton , Australia.,b School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences , Central Queensland University , Rockhampton , Australia
| | - Neal Wen
- a Human Exercise and Training Laboratory , Central Queensland University , Rockhampton , Australia.,b School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences , Central Queensland University , Rockhampton , Australia
| | - Tania Spiteri
- c School of Health Science , The University of Notre Dame , Fremantle , Australia
| | - Zoran Milanović
- d Faculty of Sport and Physical Education , University of Niš , Niš , Serbia.,e Science and Research Centre, Koper , Institute for Kinesiology Research , Koper , Slovenia
| | - Daniele Conte
- f Institute of Sport Science and Innovations , Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania
| | - Joshua H Guy
- b School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences , Central Queensland University , Rockhampton , Australia
| | - Anne Delextrat
- g Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences , Oxford Brookes University , Oxford , England
| | - Vincent J Dalbo
- a Human Exercise and Training Laboratory , Central Queensland University , Rockhampton , Australia.,b School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences , Central Queensland University , Rockhampton , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Scanlan AT, Fox JL, Borges NR, Tucker PS, Dalbo VJ. Temporal changes in physiological and performance responses across game-specific simulated basketball activity. J Sport Health Sci 2018; 7:176-182. [PMID: 30356430 PMCID: PMC6180533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this study were to: (1) provide a comprehensive physiological profile of simulated basketball activity and (2) identify temporal changes in player responses in controlled settings. METHODS State-level male basketball players (n = 10) completed 4 × 10 min simulated quarters of basketball activity using a reliable and valid court-based test. A range of physiological (ratings of perceived exertion, blood lactate concentration ([BLa-]), blood glucose concentration ([BGlu]), heart rate (HR), and hydration) and physical (performance and fatigue indicators for sprint, circuit, and jump activity) measures were collected across testing. RESULTS Significantly reduced [BLa-] (6.19 ± 2.30 vs. 4.57 ± 2.33 mmol/L; p = 0.016) and [BGlu] (6.91 ± 1.57 vs. 5.25 ± 0.81 mmol/L; p = 0.009) were evident in the second half. A mean HR of 180.1 ± 5.7 beats/min (90.8% ± 4.0% HRmax) was observed, with a significant increase in vigorous activity (77%-95% HRmax) (11.31 ± 6.91 vs. 13.50 ± 6.75 min; p = 0.024) and moderate decrease in near-maximal activity (>95% HRmax) (7.24 ± 7.45 vs. 5.01 ± 7.20 min) in the second half. Small increases in performance times accompanied by a significantly lower circuit decrement (11.67% ± 5.55% vs. 7.30% ± 2.16%; p = 0.032) were apparent in the second half. CONCLUSION These data indicate basketball activity imposes higher physiological demands than previously thought and temporal changes in responses might be due to adapted pacing strategies as well as fatigue-mediated mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T. Scanlan
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
| | - Jordan L. Fox
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
| | - Nattai R. Borges
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
| | - Patrick S. Tucker
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
| | - Vincent J. Dalbo
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Batacan RB, Duncan MJ, Dalbo VJ, Buitrago GL, Fenning AS. Effect of different intensities of physical activity on cardiometabolic markers and vascular and cardiac function in adult rats fed with a high-fat high-carbohydrate diet. J Sport Health Sci 2018; 7:109-119. [PMID: 30356452 PMCID: PMC6180540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) and diet are 2 lifestyle factors that affect cardiometabolic risk. However, data on how a high-fat high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet influences the effect of different intensities of PA on cardiometabolic health and cardiovascular function in a controlled setting are yet to be fully established. This study investigated the effect of sedentary behavior, light-intensity training (LIT), and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiometabolic markers and vascular and cardiac function in HFHC-fed adult rats. METHODS Twelve-week-old Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups (12 rats/group): control (CTL), sedentary (SED), LIT, and HIIT. Biometric indices, glucose and lipid control, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, vascular reactivity, and cardiac electrophysiology of the experimental groups were examined after 12 weeks of HFHC-diet feeding and PA interventions. RESULTS The SED group had slower cardiac conduction (p = 0.0426) and greater thoracic aortic contractile responses (p < 0.05) compared with the CTL group. The LIT group showed improved cardiac conduction compared with the SED group (p = 0.0003), and the HIIT group showed decreased mesenteric artery contractile responses compared with all other groups and improved endothelium-dependent mesenteric artery relaxation compared with the LIT group (both p < 0.05). The LIT and HIIT groups had lower visceral (p = 0.0057 for LIT, p = 0.0120 for HIIT) and epididymal fat (p < 0.0001 for LIT, p = 0.0002 for HIIT) compared with the CTL group. CONCLUSION LIT induced positive adaptations on fat accumulation and cardiac conduction, and HIIT induced a positive effect on fat accumulation, mesenteric artery contraction, and endothelium-dependent relaxation. No other differences were observed between groups. These findings suggest that few positive health effects can be achieved through LIT and HIIT when consuming a chronic and sustained HFHC diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romeo B. Batacan
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
- Centre for Physical Activity Studies, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Mitch J. Duncan
- School of Medicine & Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Vincent J. Dalbo
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
| | - Geraldine L. Buitrago
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia
| | - Andrew S. Fenning
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
- Centre for Physical Activity Studies, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Scanlan AT, Fox JL, Borges NR, Delextrat A, Spiteri T, Dalbo VJ, Stanton R, Kean CO. Decrements in knee extensor and flexor strength are associated with performance fatigue during simulated basketball game-play in adolescent, male players. J Sports Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1344779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Scanlan
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, USA
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, USA
| | - Jordan L Fox
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, USA
| | - Nattai R Borges
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, USA
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, USA
| | - Anne Delextrat
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, England
| | - Tania Spiteri
- School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Perth, USA
| | - Vincent J Dalbo
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, USA
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, USA
| | - Robert Stanton
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, USA
| | - Crystal O Kean
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Batacan RB, Duncan MJ, Dalbo VJ, Tucker PS, Fenning AS. Effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies. Br J Sports Med 2016; 51:494-503. [PMID: 27797726 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The current review clarifies the cardiometabolic health effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in adults. A systematic search (PubMed) examining HIIT and cardiometabolic health markers was completed on 15 October 2015. Sixty-five intervention studies were included for review and the methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Downs and Black score. Studies were classified by intervention duration and body mass index classification. Outcomes with at least 5 effect sizes were synthesised using a random-effects meta-analysis of the standardised mean difference (SMD) in cardiometabolic health markers (baseline to postintervention) using Review Manager 5.3. Short-term (ST) HIIT (<12 weeks) significantly improved maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max; SMD 0.74, 95% CI 0.36 to 1.12; p<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; SMD -0.52, 95% CI -0.89 to -0.16; p<0.01) and fasting glucose (SMD -0.35, 95% CI -0.62 to -0.09; p<0.01) in overweight/obese populations. Long-term (LT) HIIT (≥12 weeks) significantly improved waist circumference (SMD -0.20, 95% CI -0.38 to -0.01; p<0.05), % body fat (SMD -0.40, 95% CI -0.74 to -0.06; p<0.05), VO2 max (SMD 1.20, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.83; p<0.001), resting heart rate (SMD -0.33, 95% CI -0.56 to -0.09; p<0.01), systolic blood pressure (SMD -0.35, 95% CI -0.60 to -0.09; p<0.01) and DBP (SMD -0.38, 95% CI -0.65 to -0.10; p<0.01) in overweight/obese populations. HIIT demonstrated no effect on insulin, lipid profile, C reactive protein or interleukin 6 in overweight/obese populations. In normal weight populations, ST-HIIT and LT-HIIT significantly improved VO2 max, but no other significant effects were observed. Current evidence suggests that ST-HIIT and LT-HIIT can increase VO2 max and improve some cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight/obese populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romeo B Batacan
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Physical Activity Studies, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mitch J Duncan
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine & Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vincent J Dalbo
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.,Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Patrick S Tucker
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.,Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew S Fenning
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Physical Activity Studies, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lockwood CM, Roberts MD, Dalbo VJ, Smith-Ryan AE, Kendall KL, Moon JR, Stout JR. Effects of Hydrolyzed Whey versus Other Whey Protein Supplements on the Physiological Response to 8 Weeks of Resistance Exercise in College-Aged Males. J Am Coll Nutr 2016; 36:16-27. [PMID: 27710436 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2016.1140094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the chronic effects of different whey protein forms on body composition and performance when supplemented with resistance training. METHODS Resistance-trained men (N = 56, 21.4 ± 0.4 years, 79.5 ± 1.0 kg) participated in an 8-week resistance training regimen (2 upper-body sessions and 2 lower-body sessions per week) and received one of 4 double-blinded treatments: 30 g/serving carbohydrate placebo (PLA) or 30 g/serving protein from either (a) 80% whey protein concentrate (WPC), (b) high-lactoferrin-containing WPC (WPC-L), or (c) extensively hydrolyzed WPC (WPH). All subjects consumed 2 servings of treatment per day; specifically, once immediately before and after training and between meals on nontraining days. Blood collection, one repetition maximum (1RM) testing for bench press and hack squat, and body composition assessment using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) occurred prior to training and 48 hours following the last training session. RESULTS Total body skeletal muscle mass increased in all groups (p < 0.0125). There were similar between-group increases in upper-body (4%-7%, analysis of covariance [ANCOVA] interaction p = 0.73) and lower-body (24%-35%, ANCOVA interaction p = 0.85) 1RM strength following the intervention. Remarkably, WPH reduced fat mass (-6%), which was significantly different from PLA (+4.4%, p < 0.0125). No time or between-group differences were present for serum markers of health, metabolism, or muscle damage, with the exception of blood urea nitrogen being significantly lower for WPH than WPC (p < 0.05) following the intervention. CONCLUSIONS WPH may augment fat loss but did not provide any other advantages when used in combination with resistance training. More mechanistic research is needed to examine how WPH affects adipose tissue physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincent J Dalbo
- c School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University , Queensland , AUSTRALIA
| | - Abbie E Smith-Ryan
- d Department of Exercise and Sports Science , University of North Carolina Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina
| | | | - Jordan R Moon
- f Department of Sports Fitness and Health , United States Sports Academy , Daphne , Alabama
| | - Jeffrey R Stout
- g Department of Educational and Human Sciences , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Batacan RB, Duncan MJ, Dalbo VJ, Connolly KJ, Fenning AS. Light-intensity and high-intensity interval training improve cardiometabolic health in rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:945-52. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity has the potential to reduce cardiometabolic risk factors but evaluation of different intensities of physical activity and the mechanisms behind their health effects still need to be fully established. This study examined the effects of sedentary behaviour, light-intensity training, and high-intensity interval training on biometric indices, glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, and vascular and cardiac function in adult rats. Rats (12 weeks old) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: control (CTL; no exercise), sedentary (SED; no exercise and housed in small cages to reduce activity), light-intensity trained (LIT; four 30-min exercise bouts/day at 8 m/min separated by 2-h rest period, 5 days/week), and high-intensity interval trained (HIIT, four 2.5-min work bouts/day at 50 m/min separated by 3-min rest periods, 5 days/week). After 12 weeks of intervention, SED had greater visceral fat accumulation (p < 0.01) and slower cardiac conduction (p = 0.04) compared with the CTL group. LIT and HIIT demonstrated beneficial changes in body weight, visceral and epididymal fat weight, glucose regulation, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and mesenteric vessel contractile response compared with the CTL group (p < 0.05). LIT had significant improvements in insulin sensitivity and cardiac conduction compared with the CTL and SED groups whilst HIIT had significant improvements in systolic blood pressure and endothelium-independent vasodilation to aorta and mesenteric artery compared with the CTL group (p < 0.05). LIT and HIIT induce health benefits by improving traditional cardiometabolic risk factors. LIT improves cardiac health while HIIT promotes improvements in vascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romeo B. Batacan
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
- Centre for Physical Activity Studies, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
| | - Mitch J. Duncan
- School of Medicine & Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Vincent J. Dalbo
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
| | - Kylie J. Connolly
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
| | - Andrew S. Fenning
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
- Centre for Physical Activity Studies, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dalbo VJ, Roberts MD, Mobley CB, Ballmann C, Kephart WC, Fox CD, Santucci VA, Conover CF, Beggs LA, Balaez A, Hoerr FJ, Yarrow JF, Borst SE, Beck DT. Testosterone and trenbolone enanthate increase mature myostatin protein expression despite increasing skeletal muscle hypertrophy and satellite cell number in rodent muscle. Andrologia 2016; 49. [PMID: 27246614 DOI: 10.1111/and.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The androgen-induced alterations in adult rodent skeletal muscle fibre cross-sectional area (fCSA), satellite cell content and myostatin (Mstn) were examined in 10-month-old Fisher 344 rats (n = 41) assigned to Sham surgery, orchiectomy (ORX), ORX + testosterone (TEST; 7.0 mg week-1 ) or ORX + trenbolone (TREN; 1.0 mg week-1 ). After 29 days, animals were euthanised and the levator ani/bulbocavernosus (LABC) muscle complex was harvested for analyses. LABC muscle fCSA was 102% and 94% higher in ORX + TEST and ORX + TREN compared to ORX (p < .001). ORX + TEST and ORX + TREN increased satellite cell numbers by 181% and 178% compared to ORX, respectively (p < .01), with no differences between conditions for myonuclear number per muscle fibre (p = .948). Mstn protein was increased 159% and 169% in the ORX + TEST and ORX + TREN compared to ORX (p < .01). pan-SMAD2/3 protein was ~30-50% greater in ORX compared to SHAM (p = .006), ORX + TEST (p = .037) and ORX + TREN (p = .043), although there were no between-treatment effects regarding phosphorylated SMAD2/3. Mstn, ActrIIb and Mighty mRNAs were lower in ORX, ORX + TEST and ORX + TREN compared to SHAM (p < .05). Testosterone and trenbolone administration increased muscle fCSA and satellite cell number without increasing myonuclei number, and increased Mstn protein levels. Several genes and signalling proteins related to myostatin signalling were differentially regulated by ORX or androgen therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V J Dalbo
- Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Qld, Australia
| | - M D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - C B Mobley
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - C Ballmann
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - W C Kephart
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - C D Fox
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - V A Santucci
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - C F Conover
- Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - L A Beggs
- Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - A Balaez
- Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - F J Hoerr
- Veterinary Diagnostic Pathology LLC, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - J F Yarrow
- Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - S E Borst
- Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - D T Beck
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine-Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dalbo VJ, Fox JL, Borges NR, Dascombe BJ, Young KC, Scanlan AT. Cumulative Training Dose Augments The Interrelationships Between Common Training Load Models During Basketball Activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000486326.85430.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
30
|
Scanlan AT, Kean CO, Humphries BJ, Dalbo VJ. Physiological and Fatigue Responses Associated With Male and Mixed-Gender Ultimate Frisbee Game Play. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 29:2600-7. [PMID: 26313576 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to describe the physiological and fatigue responses associated with indoor Ultimate Frisbee game play, compare exercise intensities attained to current activity guidelines, and compare responses between male and mixed-gender game formats. A between-subjects (game format) repeated-measures (time points) observational experimental design was used. Subjects competed in male (n = 10; age: 26.3 ± 7.6 years) or mixed-gender (males: n = 4; 28.5 ± 5.7 years; females: n = 6; 28.3 ± 8.1 years) indoor Ultimate Frisbee game play. Games consisted of 10-minute halves, with heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration ([BLa]), rating of perceived exertion, and 5-m and 20-m sprint times measured. Durations spent in HR-derived intensity zones and sprint decrements were calculated across games. Mixed-gender game play produced significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher relative HR (94.3 ± 5.1% vs. 89.6 ± 4.8% HRmax) and [BLa] (8.31 ± 2.22 mmol·L vs. 4.68 ± 1.89 mmol·L) than male game play. Significantly (p ≤ 0.05) longer durations were spent at vigorous (male: 60.2 ± 26.1%; mixed-gender: 36.8 ± 34.8%) and near-maximal (male: 31.6 ± 27.6%; mixed-gender: 58.6 ± 37.7%) exercise intensities than moderate (3.9-7.2%), light (0.7-1.0%), and very light (0-0.1%) intensities in both formats. Limited physiological and sprint fatigue was apparent across games. Subjects primarily performed at vigorous and near-maximal intensities during Ultimate Frisbee. The greater physiological demands encountered during mixed-gender game play might be attributed to underlying gender-mediated cardiovascular differences. These findings support the efficacy of Ultimate Frisbee as a prescriptive exercise tool for health benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Scanlan
- 1Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia; 2Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia; and 3School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Scanlan AT, Tucker PS, Stanton R, Dalbo VJ. Fitness Test Pro: a one-stop application to assess cardiorespiratory fitness. Br J Sports Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
32
|
Scanlan AT, Wen N, Kidcaff AP, Berkelmans DM, Tucker PS, Dalbo VJ. Generic and sport-specific reactive agility tests assess different qualities in court-based team sport athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2016; 56:206-213. [PMID: 25389640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparisons between reactive agility tests incorporating generic and sport-specific stimuli have been performed only in field-based team sports. The aim of this study was to compare generic (light-based) and sport-specific (live opponent) reactive agility tests in court-based team sport athletes. METHODS Twelve semi-professional male basketball players (age: 25.9±6.7 yr; stature: 188.9±7.9 cm; body mass: 97.4±16.1 kg; predicted maximal oxygen uptake: 49.5±5.3 mL/kg 7 min) completed multiple trials of a Reactive Agility Test containing light-based (RAT-Light) and opponent-based stimuli (RAT-Opponent). Multiple outcome measures were collected during the RAT-Light (agility time and total time) and RAT-Opponent (decision time and total time). RESULTS Mean performance times during the RAT-Light (2.233±0.224 s) were significantly (P<0.001) slower than during the RAT-Opponent (1.726±0.178 s). Further, a small relationship was observed between RAT-Light agility time and RAT-Opponent decision time (r10=0.20), while a trivial relationship was apparent between total performance times across tests (r10=0.02). Low commonality was observed between comparable measures across tests (R2=0-4%). CONCLUSIONS Reactive agility tests containing light-based and live opponent stimuli appear to measure different qualities in court-based team sport athletes. Court-based team sport coaches and conditioning professionals should not use generic and sport-specific reactive agility tests interchangeably during athlete assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Scanlan
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia -
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tredrea MS, Dalbo VJ, Scanlan AT. Lifesum: easy and effective dietary and activity monitoring. Br J Sports Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
34
|
Tucker PS, Briskey DR, Scanlan AT, Coombes JS, Dalbo VJ. High intensity interval training favourably affects antioxidant and inflammation mRNA expression in early-stage chronic kidney disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:466-72. [PMID: 26453919 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of oxidative stress and inflammation have been linked to the progression of chronic kidney disease. To reduce oxidative stress and inflammation related to chronic kidney disease, chronic aerobic exercise is often recommended. Data suggests high intensity interval training may be more beneficial than traditional aerobic exercise. However, appraisals of differing modes of exercise, along with explanations of mechanisms responsible for observed effects, are lacking. This study assessed effects of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (85% VO2max), versus low intensity exercise (45-50% VO2max) and sedentary behaviour, in an animal model of early-stage chronic kidney disease. We examined kidney-specific mRNA expression of genes related to endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity (glutathione peroxidase 1; Gpx1, superoxide dismutase 1; Sod1, and catalase; Cat) and inflammation (kidney injury molecule 1; Kim1 and tumour necrosis factor receptor super family 1b; Tnfrsf1b), as well as plasma F2-isoprostanes, a marker of lipid peroxidation. Compared to sedentary behaviour, high intensity interval training resulted in increased mRNA expression of Sod1 (p=0.01) and Cat (p<0.001). Compared to low intensity exercise, high intensity interval training resulted in increased mRNA expression of Cat (p<0.001) and Tnfrsf1b (p=0.047). In this study, high intensity interval training was superior to sedentary behaviour and low intensity exercise as high intensity interval training beneficially influenced expression of genes related to endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Tucker
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Bruce Highway, Building 81, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia 4702; Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Bruce Highway, Building 81, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia 4702.
| | - David R Briskey
- Antioxidant Research Group, Room 535, Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences Building, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 4072.
| | - Aaron T Scanlan
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Bruce Highway, Building 81, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia 4702; Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Bruce Highway, Building 81, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia 4702.
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- Antioxidant Research Group, Room 535, Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences Building, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 4072.
| | - Vincent J Dalbo
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Bruce Highway, Building 81, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia 4702; Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Bruce Highway, Building 81, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia 4702.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tucker PS, Scanlan AT, Dalbo VJ. Track My Health: a mobile application that allows patients to monitor their health. Br J Sports Med 2015; 49:1596-7. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
36
|
Scanlan AT, Wen N, Tucker PS, Dalbo VJ. The relationships between internal and external training load models during basketball training. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 28:2397-405. [PMID: 24662233 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation described and compared the internal and external training loads during basketball training. Eight semiprofessional male basketball players (mean ± SD, age: 26.3 ± 6.7 years; stature: 188.1 ± 6.2 cm; body mass: 92.0 ± 13.8 kg) were monitored across a 7-week period during the preparatory phase of the annual training plan. A total of 44 total sessions were monitored. Player session ratings of perceived exertion (sRPE), heart rate, and accelerometer data were collected across each training session. Internal training load was determined using the sRPE, training impulse (TRIMP), and summated-heart-rate-zones (SHRZ) training load models. External training load was calculated using an established accelerometer algorithm. Pearson product-moment correlations with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to determine the relationships between internal and external training load models. Significant moderate relationships were observed between external training load and the sRPE (r42 = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.23-0.69, p < 0.001) and TRIMP models (r42 = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.09-0.61, p = 0.011). A significant large correlation was evident between external training load and the SHRZ model (r42 = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.38-0.77, p < 0.001). Although significant relationships were found between internal and external training load models, the magnitude of the correlations and low commonality suggest that internal training load models measure different constructs of the training process than the accelerometer training load model in basketball settings. Basketball coaching and conditioning professionals should not assume a linear dose-response between accelerometer and internal training load models during training and are recommended to combine internal and external approaches when monitoring training load in players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Scanlan
- 1Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia; 2Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia; and 3Australian Basketball Digest Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Scanlan AT, Tucker PS, Dascombe BJ, Berkelmans DM, Hiskens MI, Dalbo VJ. Fluctuations in Activity Demands Across Game Quarters in Professional and Semiprofessional Male Basketball. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29:3006-15. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
38
|
Kerksick CM, Roberts MD, Dalbo VJ, Sunderland KL. Intramuscular phosphagen status and the relationship to muscle performance across the age spectrum. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 116:115-27. [PMID: 26307531 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine age-related differences in intramuscular concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), free creatine (FCr), phosphocreatine (PCr) and total creatine (TCr) and if these differences were related to muscle performance. METHODS Forty-two healthy, non-sedentary, males between 20 and 76 years provided muscle samples to determine [ATP], [FCr], [PCr], and [TCr]. Maximal strength and endurance were assessed and correlated with intramuscular variables. RESULTS Intramuscular [ATP] decreased by 13.5% (p = 0.013) in the older cohort (18.0 ± 0.6 mmol/kg dry wt) vs. the young cohort (20.8 ± 0.9 mmol/kg dry wt) and was significantly correlated to age (r = -0.38, p = 0.008). No other differences were observed between age groups for intramuscular [PCr], [FCr], [TCr], or [PCr]:[TCr] (p > 0.05). The older cohort consumed significantly less (p < 0.05) dietary protein when compared to the young cohort. Bivariate correlations were found for intramuscular [ATP] and lower body 1RM (r = 0.24, p = 0.066), leg press volume and free creatine (r = 0.325, p = 0.036) and leg press repetitions and free creatine (r = 0.373, p = 0.015). Partial correlations controlling for age eliminated the relationship between [ATP] and 1RM while intramuscular free creatine and leg press repetitions remained significant (p < 0.05) and leg press volume approached significance (p = 0.095). CONCLUSION These results expand upon previous observations indicative of age-related reductions in intramuscular [ATP] and dietary protein intake. The lack of change in other intramuscular PCr system markers are suggestive of dysfunctions at the mitochondrial level while the impact of neuromuscular changes, lean mass cross-sectional area and differences in physical activity are also important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Kerksick
- Department of Exercise Science, School of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, 63301, USA.
| | | | - Vincent J Dalbo
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Medicine and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4702, Australia
| | - Kyle L Sunderland
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, NC, 27262, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dalbo VJ, Czerepusko JB, Tucker PS, Kingsley MI, Moon JR, Young K, Scanlan AT. Not sending the message: A low prevalence of strength-based exercise participation in rural and regional Central Queensland. Aust J Rural Health 2015; 23:295-301. [DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent J. Dalbo
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory; Central Queensland University; Rockhampton Queensland Australia
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory; Central Queensland University; Rockhampton Queensland Australia
| | | | - Patrick S. Tucker
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory; Central Queensland University; Rockhampton Queensland Australia
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory; Central Queensland University; Rockhampton Queensland Australia
| | - Michael I. Kingsley
- La Trobe Rural Health School; La Trobe University; Bendigo Victoria Australia
| | - Jordan R. Moon
- Department of Sports Fitness and Health; United States Sports Academy; Daphne Alabama USA
| | - Kaelin Young
- Human Performance Studies; Wichita State University; Wichita Kansas USA
| | - Aaron T. Scanlan
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory; Central Queensland University; Rockhampton Queensland Australia
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory; Central Queensland University; Rockhampton Queensland Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Scanlan AT, Tucker PS, Dalbo VJ. The importance of open- and closed-skill agility for team selection of adult male basketball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2015; 55:390-396. [PMID: 26068324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Open-skill agility qualities have yet to be described in adult male basketball players. Further, the importance of open- and closed-skill agility for team selection remains unknown. Thus, this study aimed to: 1) describe the open- and closed-skill agility of adult male basketball players; and 2) compare these properties between starting and non-starting players. METHODS A cross-sectional between-group design was used. Six starting (playing time: 30.1 ± 8.8 min; age: 30.5 ± 4.8 years; height: 192.1 ± 7.7 cm; body mass: 100.5 ± 15.0 kg; VO(2max): 48.4 ± 6.6 mL∙kg⁻¹∙min⁻¹) and six non-starting (4.3 ± 3.6 min; 21.3 ± 5 years; 185.7 ± 7.4 cm; 94.4 ± 17.9 kg; 50.6 ± 3.9 mL∙kg⁻¹∙min⁻¹) state-level basketball players completed multiple trials for the Change of Direction Speed Test (CODST) and Reactive Agility Test (RAT). RESULTS No statistically significant between-group differences were evident for CODST movement time (starters: 1.652 ± 0.047 s; non-starters: 1.626 ± 0.040 s, P=0.68), RAT response time (starters: 307.5 ± 100.5 ms; non-starters: 426.5 ± 140.7 ms, P=0.12), and RAT decision-making time (starters: 110.7 ± 11.0 ms; non-starters: 147.3 ± 14.2 ms, P=0.08). However, starters (2.001 ± 0.051 s) possessed significantly (P=0.02) faster RAT total movement times than non-starters (2.182 ± 0.040 s). CONCLUSION These data support the utility of perceptual and cognitive components of agility performance in distinguishing starting from non-starting players in basketball. Consequently, basketball coaching and conditioning staff should incorporate sport-specific reactive training drills for all players during the annual conditioning plan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A T Scanlan
- Institute for Health and Social Science Research, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia -
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dalbo VJ, Vella RK, Scanlan AT, Tucker PS. High Intensity Interval Training Improves Health in a Rat Model of Early-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000477542.49885.c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
42
|
Tribby AC, Mumford PW, Geddam DE, Poole CN, Scanlan AT, Dalbo VJ, Palmer EM, Young KC. Characterizing Psychophysiological Fatigue Responses from a Competitive Round of Golf. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000477433.07921.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
43
|
Peternelj TT, Marsh SA, Strobel NA, Matsumoto A, Briskey D, Dalbo VJ, Tucker PS, Coombes JS. Glutathione depletion and acute exercise increase O-GlcNAc protein modification in rat skeletal muscle. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 400:265-75. [PMID: 25416863 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modification of intracellular proteins with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) profoundly affects protein structure, function, and metabolism. Although many skeletal muscle proteins are O-GlcNAcylated, the modification has not been extensively studied in this tissue, especially in the context of exercise. This study investigated the effects of glutathione depletion and acute exercise on O-GlcNAc protein modification in rat skeletal muscle. Diethyl maleate (DEM) was used to deplete intracellular glutathione and rats were subjected to a treadmill run. White gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were analyzed for glutathione status, O-GlcNAc and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) protein levels, and mRNA expression of OGT, O-GlcNAcase and glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase. DEM and exercise both reduced intracellular glutathione and increased O-GlcNAc. DEM upregulated OGT protein expression. The effects of the interventions were significant 4 h after exercise (P < 0.05). The changes in the mRNA levels of O-GlcNAc enzymes were different in the two muscles, potentially resulting from different rates of oxidative stress and metabolic demands between the muscle types. These findings indicate that oxidative environment promotes O-GlcNAcylation in skeletal muscle and suggest an interrelationship between cellular redox state and O-GlcNAc protein modification. This could represent one mechanism underlying cellular adaptation to oxidative stress and health benefits of exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Tinkara Peternelj
- Antioxidant Research Group, School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Peternelj TT, Marsh SA, Morais C, Small DM, Dalbo VJ, Tucker PS, Coombes JS. O-GlcNAc protein modification in C2C12 myoblasts exposed to oxidative stress indicates parallels with endogenous antioxidant defense. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 93:63-73. [PMID: 25453190 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence demonstrates the involvement of protein modification with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) in the stress response and its beneficial effects on cell survival. Here we investigated protein O-GlcNAcylation in skeletal muscle cells exposed to oxidative stress and the crosstalk with endogenous antioxidant system. The study focused on antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), and transcriptional regulators proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) and forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1), which play important roles in oxidative stress response and are known to be O-GlcNAc-modified. C2C12 myoblasts were subjected to 24 h incubation with different reagents, including hydrogen peroxide, diethyl maleate, high glucose, and glucosamine, and the inhibitors of O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes. Surprisingly, O-GlcNAc levels were significantly increased only with glucosamine, whilst other treatments showed no effect. Significant changes at the mRNA level were observed with concomitant upregulation of the genes for O-GlcNAc enzymes and stress-related proteins with oxidizing agents and downregulation of these genes with agents promoting O-GlcNAcylation. Our findings suggest a role of O-GlcNAc in the stress response and indicate an inhibitory mechanism controlling O-GlcNAc levels in the muscle cells. This could represent an important homeostatic regulation of the cellular defense system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Tinkara Peternelj
- a Antioxidant Research Group, School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mobley CB, Fox CD, Ferguson BS, Amin RH, Dalbo VJ, Baier S, Rathmacher JA, Wilson JM, Roberts MD. L-leucine, beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyric acid (HMB) and creatine monohydrate prevent myostatin-induced Akirin-1/Mighty mRNA down-regulation and myotube atrophy. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2014; 11:38. [PMID: 25132809 PMCID: PMC4134516 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-11-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to examine if L-leucine (Leu), β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), or creatine monohydrate (Crea) prevented potential atrophic effects of myostatin (MSTN) on differentiated C2C12 myotubes. Methods After four days of differentiation, myotubes were treated with MSTN (10 ng/ml) for two additional days and four treatment groups were studied: 1) 3x per day 10 mM Leu, 2) 3x per day 10 mM HMB, 3) 3x per day 10 mM Crea, 4) DM only. Myotubes treated with DM without MSTN were analyzed as the control condition (DM/CTL). Following treatment, cells were analyzed for total protein, DNA content, RNA content, muscle protein synthesis (MPS, SUnSET method), and fiber diameter. Separate batch treatments were analyzed for mRNA expression patterns of myostatin-related genes (Akirin-1/Mighty, Notch-1, Ski, MyoD) as well as atrogenes (MuRF-1, and MAFbx/Atrogin-1). Results MSTN decreased fiber diameter approximately 30% compared to DM/CTL myotubes (p < 0.001). Leu, HMB and Crea prevented MSTN-induced atrophy. MSTN did not decrease MPS levels compared to DM/CTL myotubes, but MSTN treatment decreased the mRNA expression of Akirin-1/Mighty by 27% (p < 0.001) and MyoD by 26% (p < 0.01) compared to DM/CTL myotubes. shRNA experiments confirmed that Mighty mRNA knockdown reduced myotube size, linking MSTN treatment to atrophy independent of MPS. Remarkably, MSTN + Leu and MSTN + HMB myotubes had similar Akirin-1/Mighty and MyoD mRNA levels compared to DM/CTL myotubes. Furthermore, MSTN + Crea myotubes exhibited a 36% (p < 0.05) and 86% (p < 0.001) increase in Akirin-1/Mighty mRNA compared to DM/CTL and MSTN-only treated myotubes, respectively. Conclusions Leu, HMB and Crea may reduce MSTN-induced muscle fiber atrophy by influencing Akirin-1/Mighty mRNA expression patterns. Future studies are needed to examine if Leu, HMB and Crea independently or synergistically affect Akirin-1/Mighty expression, and how Akirin-1/Mighty expression mechanistically relates to skeletal muscle hypertrophy in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Brooks Mobley
- School of Kinesiology, Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, Auburn University, 301 Wire Road, Office 286, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Carlton D Fox
- School of Kinesiology, Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, Auburn University, 301 Wire Road, Office 286, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Brian S Ferguson
- School of Kinesiology, Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, Auburn University, 301 Wire Road, Office 286, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Rajesh H Amin
- Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Vincent J Dalbo
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | - Jacob M Wilson
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, Auburn University, 301 Wire Road, Office 286, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Patterson KM, Tribby AC, Stover CD, Lajza DG, Geddam DA, Abe T, Dalbo VJ, Young KC. Relationship Between Protein Intake and Skeletal Muscle in Older Active Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000494841.82478.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
47
|
Scanlan AT, Tucker PS, Dalbo VJ. A Comparison of Linear Speed, Closed-Skill Agility, and Open-Skill Agility Qualities Between Backcourt and Frontcourt Adult Semiprofessional Male Basketball Players. J Strength Cond Res 2014; 28:1319-27. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
48
|
Tribby AC, Patterson KM, Stover CD, Lajza DG, Geddam DA, Abe T, Dalbo VJ, Young KC. Protein Intake and Bone Mineral Density in Active Older Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000493283.30922.f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
49
|
Mobley CB, Fox CD, Wilson JM, Pascoe DD, Amin RH, Dalbo VJ, Roberts MD. Effects of Purported Anabolic Nutrients on Myostatin-induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in C2C12 Myotubes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000494230.69922.9d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
50
|
Kerksick CM, Roberts MD, Dalbo VJ, Kreider RB, Willoughby DS. Changes in skeletal muscle proteolytic gene expression after prophylactic supplementation of EGCG and NAC and eccentric damage. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 61:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|