1
|
Lin HC, Hung MJ, Wang CH, Chen TH, Chen WS, Cheng CW. Development and Validation of a Novel Risk Score for All-Cause Mortality Risk Stratification Prior to Permanent Pacemaker Implantation in Octogenarians or Older. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1499. [PMID: 37629789 PMCID: PMC10456785 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The demand for permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation for extremely old patients is increasing. Prior to implanting PPMs, life expectancy evaluation is essential but difficult. We aimed to develop and validate a scoring system for all-cause mortality risk stratification prior to PPM implantation in patients aged ≥80. Materials and Methods: A total of 210 patients aged ≥80 who received PPM implantation were included. Multivariable analysis was performed to assess the effects of different variables on all-cause mortality in a derivation cohort (n = 100). We developed the MELODY score for stratifying all-cause mortality prior to PPM implantation and tested the scoring system in a validation cohort (n = 102). Results: After 4.0 ± 2.7 years of follow-up, 54 patients (54%) had died. The 0.5-, 1- and 2-year all-cause mortality rates were 7%, 10% and 24%, respectively. The MELODY score based on body mass index <21 kg/m2 (HR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.06-4.61), estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (3.35, 1.77-6.35), length of hospitalization before PPM implantation >7 days (1.87, 1.02-3.43) and dyspnea as the major presenting symptom (1.90, 1.03-3.50) successfully distinguished patients at high risk of mortality. Patients with MELODY scores ≥3 had a higher risk of mortality compared to those with MELODY scores <3 (8.49, 4.24-17.00). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves in predicting 0.5, 1 and 2 years mortality rates were 0.86, 0.81 and 0.74, respectively. The predictive value of the model was confirmed in a validation cohort. Conclusions: The novel scoring system is a simple and effective tool for all-cause mortality risk stratification prior to PPM implantation in patients aged ≥80.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Ching Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 222 Mai Chin Road, Keelung 204201, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jui Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 222 Mai Chin Road, Keelung 204201, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333323, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 222 Mai Chin Road, Keelung 204201, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333323, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Hsing Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 222 Mai Chin Road, Keelung 204201, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333323, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Siang Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 222 Mai Chin Road, Keelung 204201, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 222 Mai Chin Road, Keelung 204201, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333323, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Llewellyn J, Garner D, Rao A. Complications in Device Therapy: Spectrum, Prevalence, and Management. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2022; 19:316-324. [PMID: 35932445 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-022-00563-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiac implantable electronic device implant numbers are continually increasing due to the expanding indications and ageing population. This review explores the complications associated with device therapy and discusses ways to minimise and manage such complications. RECENT FINDINGS Complications related to device therapy contribute to mortality and morbidity. Recent publications have detailed clear guidelines for appropriate cardiac device selection, as well as consensus documents discussing care quality and optimal implantation techniques. There have also been advances in device technologies that may offer alternative options to patients at high risk of/or already having encountered a complication. Adherence to guidelines, appropriate training, and selection of device, in addition to good surgical technique are key in reducing the burden of complications and improving acceptability of device therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Llewellyn
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Thomas Drive, Liverpool, L14 3PE, UK.
| | - D Garner
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Thomas Drive, Liverpool, L14 3PE, UK
- Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Arrowe Park Road, Upton, Wirral, CH49 5PE, UK
| | - A Rao
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Thomas Drive, Liverpool, L14 3PE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hayıroğlu Mİ, Çınar T, Çinier G, Yüksel G, Pay L, Keskin K, Coşkun C, Ayan G, Çiçek V, Tekkeşin Aİ. Prognostic value of serum albumin for long-term mortality in patients with dual-chamber permanent pacemakers. Biomark Med 2022; 16:341-348. [PMID: 35234522 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This investigation aims to examine the prognostic utility of albumin concentrations for long-term all-cause mortality in patients undergoing permanent pacemaker implantation. Methods: A total of 1798 patients who received permanent pacemaker implantation were divided into quartiles according to serum albumin concentrations. The significance of albumin in predicting long-term mortality was compared in these quartiles. Results: There was a higher rate of long-term mortality in the Q4 group compared with the Q1-3 groups (49.9 vs 15.8%). The risk of long-term mortality in the Q4 group was 3.6-times higher compared with the Q1-3 groups after adjustment for confounders. Conclusion: Serum albumin level at the time of device implantation has great value when assessing long-term mortality in patients with permanent pacemakers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mert İlker Hayıroğlu
- Department of Cardiology, Dr Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey
| | - Tufan Çınar
- Department of Cardiology, Haydarpasa Sultan II Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey
| | - Göksel Çinier
- Department of Cardiology, Dr Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey
| | - Gizem Yüksel
- Department of Cardiology, Dr Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey
| | - Levent Pay
- Department of Cardiology, Dr Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey
| | - Kıvanç Keskin
- Department of Cardiology, Dr Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey
| | - Cahit Coşkun
- Department of Cardiology, Dr Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey
| | - Gökçem Ayan
- Department of Cardiology, Dr Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey
| | - Vedat Çiçek
- Department of Cardiology, Haydarpasa Sultan II Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey
| | - Ahmet İlker Tekkeşin
- Department of Cardiology, Dr Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shikimoto R, Arai Y, Yuasa S, Gondo Y, Yasumoto S, Abe Y, Hirose N. Clinical course of the longest-lived man in the world: A case report. Exp Gerontol 2021; 159:111679. [PMID: 34973348 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Supercentenarians, people who have reached 110 years of age, represent an ultimate model of human longevity. We have conducted research from both biomedical and psychosocial perspectives to clarify the factors that contribute to healthy longevity. The current study described the clinical course of the oldest lived man in the world. METHODS Kimura Jiroemon, who is the verified oldest man in recorded history, lived for more than 116 years. We conducted a longitudinal investigation including physical and psychological assessments, blood data, and electrocardiogram (ECG) from the age of 111 and obtained medical data such as computed tomography (CT) images during the course of hospitalizations in the last year of his life. RESULTS At the age of 111, Jiroemon was almost independent regarding activities of daily living. Additionally, his Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale score was 15/17, indicating high psychological well-being. His biological data included first-degree atrioventricular (AV) block on ECG; mild decreases of hemoglobin (11.6 g/dL), hematocrit (36.2%), and albumin levels (3.5 g/dL); and elevated serum cystatin C levels (1.32 mg/L), indicating potential dysfunction of the renal and electrical conduction systems. He then lived without fatal illness until the age of 115 years. At this age, he lost consciousness, and his ECG revealed complete AV block. At the first hospitalization for intensive examination, his doctor recommended implanting a cardiac pacemaker, but he and his family declined. On December 12, 2012, his condition rapidly worsened, and he was hospitalized twice for heart failure because of AV block. On May 11, 2013, he lost consciousness after breakfast, and he was hospitalized for the fourth time. He was diagnosed with pneumonia and heart failure based on his chest CT findings and elevated brain natriuretic peptide levels (160 pg/mL), and died on June 12, 2013 at the age of 116. CONCLUSIONS Despite having no cardiovascular risk factors throughout his life, Jiroemon developed heart failure from potential heart and kidney dysfunction, suggesting that aging of the cardiorenal system was the ultimate pathology of the oldest man in the world. His clinical course represents a model of both suppression of morbidity and extreme longevity. Comprehensive health and longevity research studies from physical and psychological aspects are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Shikimoto
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Arai
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan; Faculty of Nursing and Medical Care, Keio Univeristy, Japan.
| | - Shinsuke Yuasa
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Gondo
- Osaka University, Graduate School of Human Sciences, Japan
| | - Saori Yasumoto
- Osaka University, Graduate School of Human Sciences, Japan
| | - Yukiko Abe
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Hirose
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan; Utsunomiya Hospital, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Long-Term, Single-Centre Observation of Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices. Medicina (B Aires) 2021; 57:medicina57121357. [PMID: 34946302 PMCID: PMC8704658 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57121357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Electrotherapy is a valuable treatment method for patients with heart rhythm disturbances. There are very few observations of long-term patients treated with these techniques. There is a particular lack of this type of study conducted in Eastern European countries. The aim of this single-centre analysis was to evaluate the long-term survival (from 2010 to 2018) of patients treated with electrotherapy devices, taking into account clinical factors facilitating the prognosis of these patients. Materials and Methods: The patients (N = 2071) subsequently included in the study were subjected to the implementation or replacement of cardiac pacemakers. The medical records of all the patients were analysed. Data concerning death, made available by the State Systems Department of the Ministry of Administration and Digitization, were used. Results: The patients with VVI pacemakers had the worst prognosis after the replacement of the devices. Male patients had a worse prognosis, regardless of the kind of device implanted. Advanced atrioventricular conduction disturbances, chronic kidney disease, and hypothyroidism with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction were among the most significant coexisting diseases. Conclusions: The long-term prognosis of patients under different forms of electrotherapy remains poor. Despite the more straightforward technique, a single-chamber device (VVI/AAI) or generator replacement leads to the worst prognosis. The complexity of the clinical picture that stems from coexisting diseases and advanced age is of the utmost importance.
Collapse
|
6
|
Saunderson CE, Paton MF, Brown LA, Gierula J, Chew PG, Das A, Sengupta A, Craven TP, Chowdhary A, Koshy A, White H, Levelt E, Dall’Armellina E, Garg P, Witte KK, Greenwood JP, Plein S, Swoboda PP. Detrimental Immediate- and Medium-Term Clinical Effects of Right Ventricular Pacing in Patients With Myocardial Fibrosis. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 14:e012256. [PMID: 34000818 PMCID: PMC8136461 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.120.012256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term right ventricular (RV) pacing leads to heart failure or a decline in left ventricular (LV) function in up to a fifth of patients. We aimed to establish whether patients with focal fibrosis detected on late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) have deterioration in LV function after RV pacing. METHODS We recruited 84 patients with LV ejection fraction ≥40% into 2 observational CMR studies. Patients (n=34) with a dual-chamber device and preserved atrioventricular conduction underwent CMR in 2 asynchronous pacing modes (atrial asynchronous and dual-chamber asynchronous) to compare intrinsic atrioventricular conduction with forced RV pacing. Patients (n=50) with high-grade atrioventricular block underwent CMR before and 6 months after pacemaker implantation to investigate the medium-term effects of RV pacing. RESULTS The key findings were (1) initiation of RV pacing in patients with fibrosis, compared with those without, was associated with greater immediate changes in both LV end-systolic volume index (5.3±3.5 versus 2.1±2.4 mL/m2; P<0.01) and LV ejection fraction (-5.7±3.4% versus -3.2±2.6%; P=0.02); (2) medium-term RV pacing in patients with fibrosis, compared with those without, was associated with greater changes in LV end-systolic volume index (8.0±10.4 versus -0.6±7.3 mL/m2; P=0.008) and LV ejection fraction (-12.3±7.9% versus -6.7±6.2%; P=0.012); (3) patients with fibrosis did not experience an improvement in quality of life, biomarkers, or functional class after pacemaker implantation; (4) after 6 months of RV pacing, 10 of 50 (20%) patients developed LV ejection fraction <35% and were eligible for upgrade to cardiac resynchronization according to current guidelines. All 10 patients had fibrosis on their preimplant baseline scan and were identified by >1.1 g of fibrosis with 90% sensitivity and 70% specificity. CONCLUSIONS Fibrosis detected on CMR is associated with immediate- and medium-term deterioration in LV function following RV pacing and could be used to identify those at risk of heart failure before pacemaker implantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E.D. Saunderson
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (C.E.D.S., M.F.P., L.A.E.B., J.G., P.G.C., A.D., T.P.C., A.C., A.K., E.L., E.D., K.K.W., J.P.G., S.P., P.P.S.)
| | - Maria F. Paton
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (C.E.D.S., M.F.P., L.A.E.B., J.G., P.G.C., A.D., T.P.C., A.C., A.K., E.L., E.D., K.K.W., J.P.G., S.P., P.P.S.)
| | - Louise A.E. Brown
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (C.E.D.S., M.F.P., L.A.E.B., J.G., P.G.C., A.D., T.P.C., A.C., A.K., E.L., E.D., K.K.W., J.P.G., S.P., P.P.S.)
| | - John Gierula
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (C.E.D.S., M.F.P., L.A.E.B., J.G., P.G.C., A.D., T.P.C., A.C., A.K., E.L., E.D., K.K.W., J.P.G., S.P., P.P.S.)
| | - Pei G. Chew
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (C.E.D.S., M.F.P., L.A.E.B., J.G., P.G.C., A.D., T.P.C., A.C., A.K., E.L., E.D., K.K.W., J.P.G., S.P., P.P.S.)
| | - Arka Das
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (C.E.D.S., M.F.P., L.A.E.B., J.G., P.G.C., A.D., T.P.C., A.C., A.K., E.L., E.D., K.K.W., J.P.G., S.P., P.P.S.)
| | - Anshuman Sengupta
- Department of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom (A.S.)
| | - Thomas P. Craven
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (C.E.D.S., M.F.P., L.A.E.B., J.G., P.G.C., A.D., T.P.C., A.C., A.K., E.L., E.D., K.K.W., J.P.G., S.P., P.P.S.)
| | - Amrit Chowdhary
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (C.E.D.S., M.F.P., L.A.E.B., J.G., P.G.C., A.D., T.P.C., A.C., A.K., E.L., E.D., K.K.W., J.P.G., S.P., P.P.S.)
| | - Aaron Koshy
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (C.E.D.S., M.F.P., L.A.E.B., J.G., P.G.C., A.D., T.P.C., A.C., A.K., E.L., E.D., K.K.W., J.P.G., S.P., P.P.S.)
| | - Hazel White
- Department of Cardiology, Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom (H.W.)
| | - Eylem Levelt
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (C.E.D.S., M.F.P., L.A.E.B., J.G., P.G.C., A.D., T.P.C., A.C., A.K., E.L., E.D., K.K.W., J.P.G., S.P., P.P.S.)
| | - Erica Dall’Armellina
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (C.E.D.S., M.F.P., L.A.E.B., J.G., P.G.C., A.D., T.P.C., A.C., A.K., E.L., E.D., K.K.W., J.P.G., S.P., P.P.S.)
| | - Pankaj Garg
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom (P.G.)
| | - Klaus K. Witte
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (C.E.D.S., M.F.P., L.A.E.B., J.G., P.G.C., A.D., T.P.C., A.C., A.K., E.L., E.D., K.K.W., J.P.G., S.P., P.P.S.)
| | - John P. Greenwood
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (C.E.D.S., M.F.P., L.A.E.B., J.G., P.G.C., A.D., T.P.C., A.C., A.K., E.L., E.D., K.K.W., J.P.G., S.P., P.P.S.)
| | - Sven Plein
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (C.E.D.S., M.F.P., L.A.E.B., J.G., P.G.C., A.D., T.P.C., A.C., A.K., E.L., E.D., K.K.W., J.P.G., S.P., P.P.S.)
| | - Peter P. Swoboda
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (C.E.D.S., M.F.P., L.A.E.B., J.G., P.G.C., A.D., T.P.C., A.C., A.K., E.L., E.D., K.K.W., J.P.G., S.P., P.P.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schoenenberger AW, Russi I, Berte B, Weberndörfer V, Schoenenberger-Berzins R, Chodup P, Beeler R, Cuculi F, Toggweiler S, Kobza R. Evaluation of comprehensive geriatric assessment in older patients undergoing pacemaker implantation. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:287. [PMID: 32787787 PMCID: PMC7424674 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study evaluated the use of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in older patients undergoing pacemaker implantation. Methods In this prospective cohort, CGA was performed in 197 patients ≥75 years at pacemaker implantation and yearly thereafter. CGA embraced the following domains: cognition, mobility, nutrition, activities of daily living (ADLs), and falls (with or without loss of consciousness). Based on comorbidities, the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was calculated. For predictive analysis, logistic regression was used. Results During a mean follow-up duration of 2.4 years, the incidence rates of syncope decreased from 0.46 to 0.04 events per year (p < 0.001), and that of falls without loss of consciousness from 0.27 to 0.15 (p < 0.001) before vs. after implantation. Sixty-three patients (32.0%) died. Impaired mobility (OR 2.60, 95%CI 1.22–5.54, p = 0.013), malnutrition (OR 3.26, 95%CI 1.52–7.01, p = 0.002), and a higher CCI (OR per point increase 1.25, 95%CI 1.04–1.50, p = 0.019) at baseline were significant predictors of mortality. Among 169 patients who survived for more than 1 year and thus underwent follow-up CGA, CGA domains did not deteriorate during follow-up, except for ADLs. This decline in ADLs during follow-up was the strongest predictor of later nursing home admission (OR 9.29, 95%CI 1.82–47.49, p = 0.007). Higher baseline age (OR per year increase 1.10, 95%CI 1.02–1.20, p = 0.018) and a higher baseline CCI (OR per point increase 1.32, 95%CI 1.05–1.65, p = 0.017) were associated with a decline in ADLs during follow-up. Conclusions CGA is useful to detect functional deficits, which are associated with mortality or nursing home admission after pacemaker implantation. The present study seems to support the use of CGA in older patients undergoing pacemaker implantation as functional deficits and falls are amenable to geriatric interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas W Schoenenberger
- Department of Geriatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ian Russi
- Heart Center Lucerne, Luzerner Kantonsspital, 6000, Lucerne 16, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Berte
- Heart Center Lucerne, Luzerner Kantonsspital, 6000, Lucerne 16, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Piotr Chodup
- Heart Center Lucerne, Luzerner Kantonsspital, 6000, Lucerne 16, Switzerland
| | - Remo Beeler
- Heart Center Lucerne, Luzerner Kantonsspital, 6000, Lucerne 16, Switzerland
| | - Florim Cuculi
- Heart Center Lucerne, Luzerner Kantonsspital, 6000, Lucerne 16, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Toggweiler
- Heart Center Lucerne, Luzerner Kantonsspital, 6000, Lucerne 16, Switzerland
| | - Richard Kobza
- Heart Center Lucerne, Luzerner Kantonsspital, 6000, Lucerne 16, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Matsuda Y, Masuda M, Asai M, Iida O, Okamoto S, Ishihara T, Nanto K, Kanda T, Tsujimura T, Okuno S, Hata Y, Uematsu H, Mano T. Comparison of prognosis and safety of pacemaker implantation in patients aged less than or 85 years and older. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2020; 61:171-179. [PMID: 32533276 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-020-00797-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiac conduction disturbance necessitating pacemaker implantation is common among elderly patients. However, patients often have comorbidities and increased frailty which may result in limited life prognosis and a high rate of procedure-related complications. We evaluated pacemaker implantation in older patients by comparing life prognosis and complication rate in patients aged ≥ and < 85 years. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 262 consecutive patients who underwent initial pacemaker implantation for bradycardia (age, 77 ± 10 years old; male, 132 (50%); dual chamber pacemaker, 222 (85%) patients). Acute and long-term outcomes were compared between patients aged ≥ 85 and < 85 years. Primary outcome was a composite of all-cause death and severe procedure-related complications. RESULTS Seven (14%) patients aged ≥ 85 years (n = 50; 19%) were non-ambulatory. During 2-year follow-up, primary outcome (death or severe complication) occurred in 47 (18%). Freedom from primary outcome was similar between age groups (81.6% versus 80.8%; p = 0.98). Freedom from all-cause death and from severe complication in the study period were also similar (all-cause death, 91.6% versus 88.7%, p = 0.70; severe complication, 89.7% versus 91.5%, p = 0.75). On multivariate analysis, sick sinus syndrome (hazard ratio (HR) 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-6.4, p = 0.03), immunosuppressant use (HR 21 (95% CI 3.3-134), p < 0.01), and high C-reactive protein (HR 1.5 (95% CI 1.2-1.9), p < 0.01) were independent predictors of primary outcome. CONCLUSIONS Life prognosis and severe complication rates after pacemaker implantation were similar between patients aged ≥ and < 85 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Matsuda
- Kansai Rosai Hospital Cardiovascular Center, 3-1-69 Inabaso, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 660-8511, Japan
| | - Masaharu Masuda
- Kansai Rosai Hospital Cardiovascular Center, 3-1-69 Inabaso, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 660-8511, Japan.
| | - Mitsutoshi Asai
- Kansai Rosai Hospital Cardiovascular Center, 3-1-69 Inabaso, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 660-8511, Japan
| | - Osamu Iida
- Kansai Rosai Hospital Cardiovascular Center, 3-1-69 Inabaso, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 660-8511, Japan
| | - Shin Okamoto
- Kansai Rosai Hospital Cardiovascular Center, 3-1-69 Inabaso, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 660-8511, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ishihara
- Kansai Rosai Hospital Cardiovascular Center, 3-1-69 Inabaso, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 660-8511, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Nanto
- Kansai Rosai Hospital Cardiovascular Center, 3-1-69 Inabaso, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 660-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanda
- Kansai Rosai Hospital Cardiovascular Center, 3-1-69 Inabaso, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 660-8511, Japan
| | - Takuya Tsujimura
- Kansai Rosai Hospital Cardiovascular Center, 3-1-69 Inabaso, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 660-8511, Japan
| | - Shota Okuno
- Kansai Rosai Hospital Cardiovascular Center, 3-1-69 Inabaso, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 660-8511, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hata
- Kansai Rosai Hospital Cardiovascular Center, 3-1-69 Inabaso, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 660-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uematsu
- Kansai Rosai Hospital Cardiovascular Center, 3-1-69 Inabaso, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 660-8511, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Mano
- Kansai Rosai Hospital Cardiovascular Center, 3-1-69 Inabaso, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 660-8511, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aga F, Dunbar SB, Kebede T, Higgins MK, Gary R. Sociodemographic and clinical correlates of diabetes self-efficacy in adults with type 2 diabetes and comorbid heart failure. Res Nurs Health 2019; 43:79-89. [PMID: 31773764 DOI: 10.1002/nur.21999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a comorbidity that complicates type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) management and increases the chance of death. However, little is known concerning factors related to diabetes self-efficacy in comorbid HF. This secondary data analysis was aimed at describing sociodemographic and clinical correlates of diabetes self-efficacy in adults with T2D and comorbid HF. A correlational design was used to analyze cross-sectional baseline data from a randomized study of 180 participants that tested a 6-month integrated self-care intervention targeting adults with concomitant HF and T2D. Participants were enrolled from one of four large urban-tertiary hospitals in Atlanta, GA, during 2010-2013. Data were collected from medical records and self-report. We used stepwise multiple linear regressions to examine variables associated with diabetes self-efficacy. The participants' mean age was 58.1 ± 10.7 years and the majority were male (n = 118; 65.6%) and African American (n = 119; 66.1%). Good self-rated health and presence of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) had significant positive relationships with diabetes self-efficacy, while taking both oral antiglycemic medication and insulin, history of depression, cardiac pacemaker, and taking digitalis were negatively related. These variables collectively explained 22.4% of the variation in diabetes self-efficacy. One study implication is that using self-rated health provides a quick, patient-centered assessment to evaluate patient health status. Further studies are warranted to ascertain the pathways linking ICD, pacemaker, and digitalis treatment with diabetes self-efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fekadu Aga
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sandra B Dunbar
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tedla Kebede
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Rebecca Gary
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Curtis AB, Karki R, Hattoum A, Sharma UC. Arrhythmias in Patients ≥80 Years of Age: Pathophysiology, Management, and Outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 71:2041-2057. [PMID: 29724357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advances in medical care have led to an increase in the number of octogenarians and even older patients, forming an important and unique patient subgroup. It is clear that advancing age is an independent risk factor for the development of most arrhythmias, causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Patients ≥80 years of age have significant structural and electrical remodeling of cardiac tissue; accrue competing comorbidities; react differently to drug therapy; and may experience falls, frailty, and cognitive impairment, presenting significant therapeutic challenges. Unfortunately, very old patients are under-represented in clinical trials, leading to critical gaps in evidence to guide effective and safe treatment of arrhythmias. In this state-of-the-art review, we examine the pathophysiology of aging and arrhythmias and then present the available evidence on age-specific management of the most common arrhythmias, including drugs, catheter ablation, and cardiac implantable electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne B Curtis
- Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.
| | - Roshan Karki
- Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Alexander Hattoum
- Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Umesh C Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cheng CW, Wang CH, Chen WS, Wang CC, Cherng WJ. Predictors of long-term survival prior to permanent pacemaker implantation in octogenarians or older. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:1001-1009. [PMID: 30259339 PMCID: PMC6589145 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-018-1044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background There is an increased need for permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation for older patients with multiple comorbidities. The current guidelines recommend that, before implanting PPM, clinicians should discuss life expectancy with patients and their families as part of the decision-making process. However, estimating individual life expectancy is always a challenge. Aims We investigated predictors of long-term survival prior to PPM implantation in patients aged 80 or older. Methods and results From September 2004 to September 2015, 100 patients aged ≥ 80 years who received PPM implantation were included for retrospective survival analysis. The end point was all-cause mortality. Follow-up duration was 4.0 ± 2.7 years. By the end of the study, 54 patients (54%) had died. Of the 54 who died, 40 patients (74.1%) died of non-cardiac causes. Their survival rates at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 years were 90%, 76%, 54%, 32%, and 16%, respectively. Patients with a longer length of hospital stay before PPM implantation (LOS-B) [hazard ratio (HR) 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.05, p < 0.001], estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 (HR 4.07, 95% CI 1.95–8.52, p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) < 21 kg/m2 (HR 2.50, 95% CI 1.16–5.39, p = 0.02), and dyspnea as the major presenting symptom (HR 2.88, 95% CI 1.27–6.55, p = 0.01) were associated with lower cumulative survival. Conclusions Longer LOS-B, lower eGFR and BMI, and dyspnea as the major presenting symptom are pre-PPM implantation predictors of long-term survival in patients aged 80 or older.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wen Cheng
- Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 222 Mai Chin Road, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC.
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chao-Hung Wang
- Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 222 Mai Chin Road, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Siang Chen
- Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 222 Mai Chin Road, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Chieh Wang
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Jin Cherng
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gillam MH, Pratt NL, Inacio MCS, Shakib S, Sanders P, Lau DH, Roughead EE. Rehospitalizations for complications and mortality following pacemaker implantation: A retrospective cohort study in an older population. Clin Cardiol 2018; 41:1480-1486. [PMID: 30294784 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A large number of older people receive pacemakers each year but broad population-based studies that describe complications following pacemaker implantation in this population are lacking. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Australian Government Department of Veterans' Affairs database. The cohort consisted of patients who received a pacemaker from 2005 to 2014. The outcomes were subsequent rehospitalizations for infections, procedure-related complications, thromboembolism, cardiovascular events (heart failure, myocardial infarction, and atrial fibrillation), and reoperation of pacemaker, and mortality. RESULTS There were 10 883 pacemakers recipients, the median age was 86 years (interquartile range 83-89), 61% were males, and 74% received a dual-chamber pacemaker. Within 90 days postdischarge, rehospitalizations were occasioned by pacemaker infection in 0.5%, device-related complications in 1.5%, cerebral infarction in 0.7%, and heart failure in 6% of single-chamber pacemaker recipients. In dual-chamber pacemaker recipients rehospitalizations were occasioned by pacemaker infection in 0.4%, septicemia in 0.4%, device-related complications in 1.2%, cerebral infarction in 0.3%, and heart failure in 3%. Rehospitalizations for pacemaker adjustment occurred in 1.5% of patients. The 90-day postdischarge mortality was 5% and 3% in patients with single- and dual-chamber pacemaker, respectively. CONCLUSION Rehospitalizations for infection, procedure-related complications, or thromboembolism occurred in 1% to 2% of patients within 90 days postdischarge, while 10% of single chamber and 7% of dual-chamber recipients experienced a rehospitalization for a cardiovascular event.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne H Gillam
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, The Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole L Pratt
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, The Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maria C S Inacio
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, The Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sepehr Shakib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Prashanthan Sanders
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dennis H Lau
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E Roughead
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, The Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dang D, Galand V, Loirat A, Auffret V, Behar N, Mabo P, Daubert JC, Leclercq C, Martins RP. Procedural safety and long-term follow-up after pacemaker implantation in nonagenarians. Clin Cardiol 2018; 41:1315-1321. [PMID: 30246257 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rate of pacemaker (PM) implantations is constantly growing. Since life expectancy of the population is projected to increase, a large number of nonagenarian patients will need PM implantation. We aimed at analyzing short- and long-term outcomes after PM implantation in nonagenarians. METHODS Patients aged ≥90 years referred for PM implantation from 2004 to 2017 were included. The primary clinical endpoint was total mortality. Secondary endpoints included procedure-related and in-hospital complications. RESULTS A total of 172 patients were included (92.6 ± 2.1 years, from 90.0 to 101.4 years). Procedure duration was 50.0 ± 19.7 minutes. Most of the patients had VVI devices implanted (143 pts, 83.1%) and mean hospital stay was 3.5 ± 1.5 days. Nine patients (5.2%) had short-term device-related complications and 29 patients (16.8%) had post-procedural complications, non-related to the implantation, including four leading to patients' death. During a follow-up of 22.5 months (interquartile range: 7.3-38.0), 94 patients (54.7%) died. Survival rates were 82.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 76.0-88.0), 73.7% (95% CI: 65.7-80.1) and 37.5% (95% CI: 27.5-47.5) after 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively. The Charlson comorbidity index was a predictive factor of procedural complications (odds ratio = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.05-1.69, P = 0.02) while having a complication (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.04; 95% CI: 1.79-9.11, P = 0.001) and atrial fibrillation (HR = 1.63; 95% CI: [1.02-2.63], P = 0.043) were predictors of post-implantation death. CONCLUSION PM implantation in nonagenarians is safe, with a low risk of procedural complications, but many comorbidities-related complications can occur. Caution should be taken in this old and frail population since complications significantly impact patients' survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duc Dang
- Université de Rennes 1, CIC-IT, Rennes, France.,CHU Rennes, Service de Cardiologie et Maladies Vasculaires, Rennes, France.,INSERM, U1099, Rennes, France.,CHU Bordeaux, Servie de Cardiologie et Maladie Vasculaires, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Galand
- Université de Rennes 1, CIC-IT, Rennes, France.,CHU Rennes, Service de Cardiologie et Maladies Vasculaires, Rennes, France.,INSERM, U1099, Rennes, France
| | - Aurélie Loirat
- Université de Rennes 1, CIC-IT, Rennes, France.,CHU Rennes, Service de Cardiologie et Maladies Vasculaires, Rennes, France.,INSERM, U1099, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Auffret
- Université de Rennes 1, CIC-IT, Rennes, France.,CHU Rennes, Service de Cardiologie et Maladies Vasculaires, Rennes, France.,INSERM, U1099, Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Behar
- Université de Rennes 1, CIC-IT, Rennes, France.,CHU Rennes, Service de Cardiologie et Maladies Vasculaires, Rennes, France.,INSERM, U1099, Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Mabo
- Université de Rennes 1, CIC-IT, Rennes, France.,CHU Rennes, Service de Cardiologie et Maladies Vasculaires, Rennes, France.,INSERM, U1099, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Claude Daubert
- Université de Rennes 1, CIC-IT, Rennes, France.,CHU Rennes, Service de Cardiologie et Maladies Vasculaires, Rennes, France.,INSERM, U1099, Rennes, France
| | - Christophe Leclercq
- Université de Rennes 1, CIC-IT, Rennes, France.,CHU Rennes, Service de Cardiologie et Maladies Vasculaires, Rennes, France.,INSERM, U1099, Rennes, France
| | - Raphaël P Martins
- Université de Rennes 1, CIC-IT, Rennes, France.,CHU Rennes, Service de Cardiologie et Maladies Vasculaires, Rennes, France.,INSERM, U1099, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tarantini G, Nai Fovino L, Gersh BJ. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in lower-risk patients: what is the perspective? Eur Heart J 2017; 39:658-666. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Tarantini
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Science, Padova University Hospital, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Nai Fovino
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Science, Padova University Hospital, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li YJ, Zhang WW, Yang XX, Li N, Qiu XB, Qu XK, Fang WY, Yang YQ, Li RG. Impact of prior permanent pacemaker on long-term clinical outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Clin Cardiol 2016; 40:205-209. [PMID: 27879000 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of permanent pacemaker (PPM) on long-term clinical outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been studied. HYPOTHESIS PPM may increase heart failure (HF) burden on patients undergoing PCI. METHODS We recruited consecutive patients undergoing PCI and carried out a nested case-control study. Patients with confirmed PPM undergoing first PCI were identified and matched by age and sex in 1:1 fashion to patients without PPM undergoing first PCI. Clinical data were collected and analyzed. The primary endpoint outcomes were all-cause mortality and hospitalization for HF. RESULTS The final analysis included 156 patients. The mean follow-up period was 4.6 ± 2.9 years. The overall all-cause mortality was 21.15%, without significant difference between the 2 groups (21.79% vs 20.51%; P = 0.85). However, the rate of HF-related hospitalization was significantly higher in patients with PPM than in controls (26.92% vs 10.26%; P = 0.008). After adjustment for hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease, stroke, left ventricular ejection fraction, brain natriuretic peptide, and acute coronary syndrome (ACS), PCI patients with PPM were still associated with a greater hospitalization rate for HF (odds ratio: 4.31, 95% confidence interval: 0.94-19.80, P = 0.061). Further analysis in the ACS subgroup showed VVI-mode pacing enhanced the risk for HF-associated hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio: 8.27, 95% confidence interval: 1.37-49.75, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS PPM has no effect on all-cause mortality in patients undergoing first PCI but significantly increases the HF-associated hospitalization rate, especially in ACS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Biao Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Kai Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Yi Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruo-Gu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fauchier L, Alonso C, Anselme F, Blangy H, Bordachar P, Boveda S, Clementy N, Defaye P, Deharo JC, Friocourt P, Gras D, Halimi F, Klug D, Mansourati J, Obadia B, Pasquié JL, Pavin D, Sadoul N, Taieb J, Piot O, Hanon O. Position paper for management of elderly patients with pacemakers and implantable cardiac defibrillators: Groupe de Rythmologie et Stimulation Cardiaque de la Société Française de Cardiologie and Société Française de Gériatrie et Gérontologie. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 109:563-585. [PMID: 27595465 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasingly high rate of implantation of pacemakers (PMs) and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) in elderly patients, data supporting their clinical and cost-effectiveness in this age stratum are ambiguous and contradictory. We reviewed the data regarding the applicability, safety and effectiveness of conventional pacing, ICDs and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in elderly patients. Although periprocedural risk may be slightly higher in the elderly, the implantation procedure for PMs and ICDs is still relatively safe in this age group. In older patients with sinus node disease, the general consensus is that DDD pacing with the programming of an algorithm to minimize ventricular pacing is preferred. In very old patients presenting with intermittent or suspected atrioventricular block, VVI pacing may be appropriate. In terms of correcting potentially life-threatening arrhythmias, the effectiveness of ICD therapy is similar in older and younger individuals. However, the assumption of persistent ICD benefit in the elderly population is questionable, as any advantageous effect of the device on arrhythmic death may be attenuated by higher total non-arrhythmic mortality. While septuagenarians and octogenarians have higher annual all-cause mortality rates, ICD therapy may remain effective in selected patients at high risk of arrhythmic death and with minimum comorbidities despite advanced age. ICD implantation among the elderly, as a group, may not be cost-effective, but the procedure may reach cost-effectiveness in those expected to live more than 5-7years after implantation. Elderly patients usually experience significant functional improvement after CRT, similar to that observed in middle-aged patients. Management of CRT non-responders remains globally the same, while considering a less aggressive approach in terms of reinterventions (revision of left ventricular [LV] lead placement, addition of a right ventricular or LV lead, LV endocardial pacing configuration). Overall, physiological age, general status and comorbidities rather than chronological age per se should be the decisive factors in making a decision about device implantation selection for survival and well-being benefit in elderly patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Fauchier
- CHU Trousseau, université François-Rabelais, 37044 Tours, France.
| | | | | | - Hugues Blangy
- Institut Lorrain du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, CHU de Nancy, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Nicolas Clementy
- CHU Trousseau, université François-Rabelais, 37044 Tours, France
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Gras
- Nouvelles cliniques nantaises, 44202 Nantes, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicolas Sadoul
- Institut Lorrain du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, CHU de Nancy, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jerome Taieb
- Centre hospitalier, 13616 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Olivier Piot
- Centre cardiologique du Nord, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Life expectancy after implantation of a first cardiac permanent pacemaker (1995–2008): A population-based study. Int J Cardiol 2015; 190:42-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.04.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
18
|
Pacemaker replacement in nonagenarians: Procedural safety and long-term follow-up. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 108:367-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
19
|
Antonelli D, Freedberg NA, Bushari LI, Feldman A, Turgeman Y. Permanent pacing in nonagenarians over 20-year period. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2014; 38:48-53. [PMID: 25196677 DOI: 10.1111/pace.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Life expectancy increases progressively and nonagenarians are a growing population. We report trends in pacing and long-term outcome in nonagenarians over a 20-year period in a single center compared with those of younger patients. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all the patients who underwent their first pacemaker implantation from January 1, 1991 to December 31, 2010 and were followed through December 31, 2013. RESULTS During the study period, 1,009 patients underwent first pacemaker implantation: 45 patients were older than 90 years (mean age 92.5 ± 2.6) (4.5%); 21 were men. Battery replacement was performed in four patients in whom first implant was made at age ≥ 90 years (8.9%) and in 231 patients aged <90 (24%; P < 0.01). Syncope was the most common symptom leading to pacing, followed by dizziness and fatigue in all age groups; no significant difference of symptoms was found between patient age groups. In patients aged ≥ 90 atrioventricular block and atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular response were more frequent, while sick sinus syndrome and carotid sinus hypersensitivity were less frequent than in younger patients. Ventricular chamber pacemakers were implanted with significant growing frequency, according to the older patients' age. Neither the indication for pacemaker implantation nor pacing mode influenced survival. CONCLUSIONS Nonagenarians are a growing population. Symptoms leading to pacing in patients aged ≥ 90 were similar to those of younger patients, but different frequency was found in the electrocardiographic indications. Ventricular chamber pacemakers were significantly more implanted than dual-chamber pacemakers but without negative survival influence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dante Antonelli
- Department of Cardiology, Ha Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chao TF, Liu CJ, Tuan TC, Liao JN, Lin YJ, Chen TJ, Kong CW, Chen SA. Long-term prognosis of patients older than ninety years after permanent pacemaker implantation: does the procedure save the patients? Can J Cardiol 2014; 30:1196-201. [PMID: 25262861 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The implantation of a permanent pacemaker (PPM) is life-saving for patients with life-threatening bradycardia. However, the effectiveness and prognosis of PPM implantations for extremely old patients (≥ 90 years old) have not been investigated. METHODS From 2001-2012, a total of 108 patients older than 90 years were identified from 2630 consecutive patients receiving PPM implantations in our hospital as the study group. For each study patient, 4 age-, sex-, and comorbidity-matched subjects who did not have the diagnoses of bradyarrhythmias indicated for PPM implantations were selected from the "Taiwan National Health Research Database" to constitute the control group (n = 432). The study end point was all-cause mortality. RESULTS The median age of the study population was 91 (interquartile range, 90-93) years. Among the PPM group, 45 patients died during the follow-up with an annual mortality rate of 18.7%. The risk of mortality did not differ significantly between the study and control groups with a hazard ratio of 1.020 (95% confidence interval, 0.724-1.437; P = 0.912) after the adjustment for age and sex. Procedure-related complications occurred in 7.4% of the patients receiving PPM implants, and pocket hematoma was the most common. The preimplantation history of heart failure and cerebrovascular accident, rather than age, were significant predictors of mortality among PPM recipients. CONCLUSIONS Nonagenarians with severe bradyarrhythmias could retain the same life expectancies as those without bradyarrhythmias through PPM implantations. Extremely old age (≥90 years) should not be a barrier for PPM implants when indications are present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tze-Fan Chao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jen Liu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health and School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chuan Tuan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Taipei Municipal Gan-Dau Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jo-Nan Liao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yenn-Jiang Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzeng-Ji Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Woon Kong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ann Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Urena M, Webb JG, Tamburino C, Muñoz-García AJ, Cheema A, Dager AE, Serra V, Amat-Santos IJ, Barbanti M, Immè S, Briales JHA, Benitez LM, Al Lawati H, Cucalon AM, García Del Blanco B, López J, Dumont E, Delarochellière R, Ribeiro HB, Nombela-Franco L, Philippon F, Rodés-Cabau J. Permanent pacemaker implantation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: impact on late clinical outcomes and left ventricular function. Circulation 2013; 129:1233-43. [PMID: 24370552 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.005479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very few data exist on the clinical impact of permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of PPI after transcatheter aortic valve implantation on late outcomes in a large cohort of patients. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 1556 consecutive patients without prior PPI undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation were included. Of them, 239 patients (15.4%) required a PPI within the first 30 days after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. At a mean follow-up of 22±17 months, no association was observed between the need for 30-day PPI and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.74-1.30; P=0.871), cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.56-1.17; P=0.270), and all-cause mortality or rehospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.77-1.30; P=0.980). A lower rate of unexpected (sudden or unknown) death was observed in patients with PPI (hazard ratio, 0.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.11-0.85; P=0.023). Patients with new PPI showed a poorer evolution of left ventricular ejection fraction over time (P=0.017), and new PPI was an independent predictor of left ventricular ejection fraction decrease at the 6- to 12-month follow-up (estimated coefficient, -2.26; 95% confidence interval, -4.07 to -0.44; P=0.013; R(2)=0.121). CONCLUSIONS The need for PPI was a frequent complication of transcatheter aortic valve implantation, but it was not associated with any increase in overall or cardiovascular death or rehospitalization for heart failure after a mean follow-up of ≈2 years. Indeed, 30-day PPI was a protective factor for the occurrence of unexpected (sudden or unknown) death. However, new PPI did have a negative effect on left ventricular function over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Urena
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada (M.U., E.D., R.D., H.B.R., L.N.-F., F.P., J.R.-C.); St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., M.B.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B., S.I.); Hospital Clínico de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain (A.J.M.-G., J.H.A.B.); St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto University, Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C., H.A.L.); Clínica de Occidente de Cali, Cali, Colombia (A.E.D., L.M.B., A.M.C.); Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (V.S., B.G.d.B.); and Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (I.A.-S., J.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
van Hemel NM. Quality of care: not hospital but operator volume of pacemaker implantations counts. Neth Heart J 2013; 22:292-4. [PMID: 24347235 PMCID: PMC4031355 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-013-0506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Literature about pacemaker (PM) implantations shows that several clinical and technical factors determine the short- and long-term complications after the intervention. Annual hospital volume, however, does not negatively affect complications in contrast with the cumulative experience of the operator. In view of this observation, the current required number of 20 to 30 first PM implantations for cardiology training does not match standards for quality of care. In addition, concentration of implants and replacement of pacemakers to a limited number of operators per hospital to comply with the increasing demands of patients and other parties has to be seriously considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N M van Hemel
- Utrecht University, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Coma Samartín R, Ruiz Mateas F, Fidalgo Andrés ML, Leal del Ojo González J, Pérez Álvarez L. Spanish pacemaker registry. 10th official report of the Spanish Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiac Pacing (2012). REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2013; 66:959-972. [PMID: 24774109 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Our aim was to analyze the pacemaker implantations and replacements reported to the Spanish Pacemaker Registry in 2012 with special reference to the selection of pacing modes. METHOD The analysis was based on information provided by the European Pacemaker Patient Identification Card. RESULTS Data were received from 115 hospitals, with a total of 12 856 cards. An estimated 745.8 pacemaker generators and 53.1 resynchronization devices were implanted per million population. Active fixation leads were implanted in more than 70% of the patients; of these leads, more than 20% were safe for use with magnetic resonance. The most common electrocardiographic indication for pacemaker implantation was atrioventricular block (56%). In all, 28% of the patients with sick sinus syndrome were paced in VVIR mode. CONCLUSIONS The use of conventional pacemakers remained stable, whereas the implantation of resynchronization devices increased. Active fixation leads are now employed in most patients. The findings of this study confirm the higher incidence of implantation in men and at an earlier age due to the higher rate of conduction disorders. Age is a factor that influences the choice of the appropriate pacing mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Coma Samartín
- Sección de Estimulación Cardiaca, Sociedad Española de Cardiología, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Electrofisiología y Arritmias, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco Ruiz Mateas
- Sección de Estimulación Cardiaca, Sociedad Española de Cardiología, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Estimulación Cardiaca, Área de Cardiología, Hospital Costa del Sol, Marbella, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Luisa Fidalgo Andrés
- Sección de Estimulación Cardiaca, Sociedad Española de Cardiología, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Electrofisiología y Arritmias, Servicio de Cardiología, Complejo Hospitalario de León, León, Spain
| | - Juan Leal del Ojo González
- Sección de Estimulación Cardiaca, Sociedad Española de Cardiología, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Electrofisiología y Arritmias, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Nuestra Señora de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luisa Pérez Álvarez
- Sección de Estimulación Cardiaca, Sociedad Española de Cardiología, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Electrofisiología y Arritmias, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Juan Canalejo, A Coruña, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Coma Samartín R, Ruiz Mateas F, Fidalgo Andrés ML, Leal del Ojo González J, Perez Álvarez L. Registro Español de Marcapasos. X Informe Oficial de la Sección de Estimulación Cardiaca de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología (2012). Rev Esp Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
25
|
Long term quality-of-life in patients with bradycardia pacemaker implantation. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:2159-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.01.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
26
|
Udo EO, van Hemel NM, Zuithoff NPA, Dijk WA, Hooijschuur CAM, Doevendans PA, Moons KGM. Pacemaker follow-up: are the latest guidelines in line with modern pacemaker practice? Europace 2012; 15:243-51. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eus310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
27
|
Coma Samartín R, Sancho-Tello de Carranza MJ, Ruiz Mateas F, Leal del Ojo González J, Fidalgo Andrés ML. Spanish Pacemaker Registry. Ninth official report of the Spanish Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiac Pacing (2011). Rev Esp Cardiol 2012; 65:1117-32. [PMID: 23084088 DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES To describe the results of the analysis of pacemaker implantations reported to the Spanish Pacemaker Registry in 2011, with particular reference to the population distribution and the selection of pacing modes. METHODS Information provided by the European Pacemaker Patient Identification Card was processed using a purpose-built computer application. RESULTS Data from 115 hospitals were analyzed, totaling 13,373 cards, representing an estimated 38% of implantations. The number of pacemaker generators and resynchronization devices implanted was 738 and 56.2 units per million population, respectively. The mean age of the patients who received a device was 76.7 years. Overall, 57.2% of first implantations and 56.5% of replacements were performed in men. Most implantations (38.7%) and generator replacements (41.9%) were performed in patients aged between 80 and 89 years. Of the pacemaker leads used, 99.7% were bipolar and 63% used an active fixation system. Overall, 20% of the patients with atrioventricular block or sick sinus syndrome were paced in VVI/R mode despite being in sinus rhythm. CONCLUSIONS With respect to previous years, the use of conventional pacemakers remained stable and the implantation of resynchronization devices has increased. The number of implantation procedures continues to be higher in men and in younger patients. Age and the degree of blockage remain as factors influencing the appropriate choice of pacing mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Coma Samartín
- Sección de Estimulación Cardiaca, Sociedad Española de Cardiología, Madrid, España.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
|