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Purkinje Fibers in Canine False Tendons: New Anatomical and Electrophysiological Findings. Cardiol Res Pract 2020; 2020:8156928. [PMID: 32612855 PMCID: PMC7312736 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8156928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Purkinje system and false tendons (FTs) are related to ventricular arrhythmia, but the association between Purkinje fibers and FTs is not clear. This study investigated the associations of anatomical and electrophysiological characteristics between Purkinje fibers and FTs. Methods and Results We optimized the protocol of Lugol's iodine solution staining of Purkinje fibers to study the anatomical structure and originated a novel electrophysiological mapping method, named the direct visual mapping (DVM) method, to study the electrophysiological characteristics. By using the above-mentioned innovations in 12 dogs, we found the following. (1) There was no Purkinje fiber found 0.5 cm–1.0 cm below the valve annulus or on the leaflets or chordae tendineae of the mitral valve or adjacent to the top 1/3 of the papillary muscle. (2) Purkinje fibers existed in all FTs, including smaller and tiny FTs. (3) The Purkinje fibers contained in the FTs extended from the proximal to the distal end, and their electrophysiological characteristics were similar to the fibers on the endocardium, including anterograde, retrograde, and decremental conduction and automaticity. Conclusions Purkinje fibers are commonly found in FTs. The electrophysiological characteristics of the Purkinje fibers contained in FTs are similar to the fibers on the endocardium. FTs might have an anatomical and electrophysiological basis for ventricular arrhythmia.
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Almahameed ST, Kaufman ES. Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation: Diagnosis, Ablation of Triggers, Gaps in Knowledge, and Future Directions. J Innov Card Rhythm Manag 2020; 11:4135-4146. [PMID: 32596029 PMCID: PMC7313628 DOI: 10.19102/icrm.2020.110604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) is a diagnosis of exclusion made when no underlying cause is identified in a cardiac arrest survivor. Although the frequency of this diagnosis has declined over time due to advances in diagnostic techniques, it remains a substantial cause of sudden cardiac arrest. Further, IVF tends to recur. This article reviews the criteria for diagnosis, patient characteristics, the two primary arrhythmic phenotypes—short-coupled variant of torsades de pointes and recurrent paroxysmal IVF—and the electrophysiologic features, treatment, and ablation of premature ventricular complexes that can trigger IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soufian T Almahameed
- Heart and Vascular Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Kaufman
- Heart and Vascular Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrical storm (ES) is a major life-threatening event, which announces a possible negative outcome and poor prognosis and poses challenging questions concerning etiology and management. DATA SOURCES A literature search was conducted through MEDLINE and EMBASE (past 30 years until the end of September 2018) using the following search terms: ES, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, ablation, and implantable defibrillator. Clinicaltrials.gov was also consulted for studies that are ongoing or completed. Additional articles were identified through bibliographical citations. AREA OF UNCERTAINTY There is no homogeneous attitude, and therapeutic strategies vary widely. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES The aim of this review is to define the concept of ES, to review the incidence and prognostic implications, and to describe the most common strategies of therapeutic advances and trends. The management strategy should be decided after an accurate risk stratification is done in initial evaluation according to hemodynamic tolerability and presence of triggers and comorbidities. General care should be provided in an intensive cardiovascular care unit. The cornerstone of acute medical therapy used in ES is mainly represented by amiodarone and beta-blockers. Deep sedation and mechanical ventilation should provide comfort for treatment administration. First-choice drugs are benzodiazepines and short-acting analgesics. General care may also include thoracic epidural anesthesia to modulate neuroaxial efferents to the heart and to decrease sympathetic hyperactivity. We include a special focus on ablation as a reliable tool to target the mechanism of arrhythmia, finally building an up-to-date standardization. CONCLUSIONS ES management needs a complex assessment and interpretation of a critical situation in a life-threatening condition. Optimal implantable cardioverter-defibrillator-reprogramming, antiarrhythmic drug therapy and sedation are in first-line approach. Catheter ablation is the elective therapy and plays a central key role in the treatment of ES if possible in combination with hemodynamic support.
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Anderson RD, Kumar S, Kalman JM, Sanders P, Sacher F, Hocini M, Jais P, Haïsaguerre M, Lee G. Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Fibrillation. Heart Lung Circ 2019; 28:110-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Baust JM, Robilotto A, Guerra P, Snyder KK, Van Buskirk RG, Dubuc M, Baust JG. Assessment of a novel cryoablation device for the endovascular treatment of cardiac tachyarrhythmias. SAGE Open Med 2018; 6:2050312118769797. [PMID: 29770216 PMCID: PMC5946632 DOI: 10.1177/2050312118769797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cryoablation is an effective alternative treatment for cardiac arrhythmias offering shortened recovery and reduced side effects. As the use of cryoablation increases, the need for new devices and procedures has emerged. This has been driven by technological limitations including lengthy periods to generate a single lesion (3-5 min), uncertain transmurality, and differential efficacy. Furthermore, due to limited ablation capacity under high heat loads, cryo has had limited success in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. To this end, in this study we evaluated a new cryoablation catheter, ICEolate, for the targeted ablation of cardiac tissue. Methods Performance assessment included calorimetry, freeze zone isothermal distribution characterization and catheter ablation capacity in a submerged, circulating, heat-loaded ex vivo tissue model. A pilot in vivo study was also conducted to assess ablative capacity of the cryocatheter in a fully beating heart. Results Ex vivo studies demonstrated ice formation at the tip of a cryocatheter within 5 s and a tip temperature of ~-150°C within 10 s. The device repeatedly generated freeze zones of 2 cm × 3 cm in less than 2 min. Tissue model studies revealed the generation of a full thickness (5-10 mm) cryogenic lesion within 1 min with an opposite (transmural) surface temperature of <-60°C under a circulating 37°C heat load. Pilot in vivo studies demonstrated the delivery of an ablative "dose," producing a continuous full thickness transmural linear lesion in <60 s at both atrial and ventricular sites. Conclusion These studies suggest that the supercritical nitrogen cryodevice and ICEolate cryocatheter may provide for rapid, effective, controllable freezing of targeted tissue. The ablative power, speed, and directional freeze characteristics also offer the potential of improved safety via a reduction in procedural time compared to current cryoablation devices. These technological developments may open new avenues for the application of cryo to treat other cardiac arrhythmogenic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Baust
- CPSI Biotech, Owego, NY, USA.,Institute of Biomedical Technology, The State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Robilotto
- CPSI Biotech, Owego, NY, USA.,Institute of Biomedical Technology, The State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | | | - Kristi K Snyder
- CPSI Biotech, Owego, NY, USA.,Institute of Biomedical Technology, The State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Robert G Van Buskirk
- CPSI Biotech, Owego, NY, USA.,Institute of Biomedical Technology, The State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Marc Dubuc
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John G Baust
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, The State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
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Syncope in a young man: Role of Purkinje fibres in idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 2017; 17:113-115. [PMID: 29067911 PMCID: PMC5527817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ipej.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A young man suffered cardiac arrests with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PVT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) triggered by ventricular premature contractions (PVCs). The arrhythmia was resistant to anti-arrhythmics, so after ICD implantation he underwent successful ablation of the triggering VE beat, which was pace-mapped to the left posterior hemi-fascicle. We review the evidence for the role of the Purkinje network in the initiation and maintenance of PVT and VF, postulating a channelopathy as a possible underlying cause, and provide recommendations for PVC ablation.
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7
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Leal RT, Monteiro GC, da Silva Menezes Júnior A. Catheter ablation in the treatment of electrical storm: Integrative review. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 2017; 17:140-145. [PMID: 29192590 PMCID: PMC5652274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ipej.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of electrical storm (ES) has been increasing with the rise of the indicated uses of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). It is estimated that 20% of patients will evolve to have this complication. Ablative therapy stands out as the treatment for this condition when it is refractory to antiarrhythmic treatment. The objective was to define the current role of catheter ablation in the treatment of electrical storm. METHODS An integrative literature review was performed using the PubMed and BVS databases. All identified articles were screened and verified for eligibility by the authors. RESULTS Twenty-five out of the initial 951 articles were used in the final analysis. The categories listed for analysis included indication for ablation in ES, modality of the approach, therapeutic success, complications related to the procedure, mortality and cardiovascular follow-up and alternative therapeutic modalities by frequency of these categories in the articles researched. CONCLUSION Catheter ablation is the initial therapy for patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and ES. The endocardial approach presents more relevant success rates than the other therapeutic methods presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Teixeira Leal
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Escola de Ciências Médicas, Farmacêuticas e Biomédicas, Avenida Universitária 1440, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Costa Monteiro
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Escola de Ciências Médicas, Farmacêuticas e Biomédicas, Avenida Universitária 1440, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Antônio da Silva Menezes Júnior
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Escola de Ciências Médicas, Farmacêuticas e Biomédicas, Avenida Universitária 1440, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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Balasundaram K, Masse S, Farid T, Nair K, Asta J, Cusimano RJ, Vigmond E, Nanthakumar K, Umapathy K. Morphologically constrained signal subspace characterization of electrograms during ventricular fibrillation. Biomed Signal Process Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Bohnen MS, Peng G, Robey SH, Terrenoire C, Iyer V, Sampson KJ, Kass RS. Molecular Pathophysiology of Congenital Long QT Syndrome. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:89-134. [PMID: 27807201 PMCID: PMC5539372 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels represent the molecular entities that give rise to the cardiac action potential, the fundamental cellular electrical event in the heart. The concerted function of these channels leads to normal cyclical excitation and resultant contraction of cardiac muscle. Research into cardiac ion channel regulation and mutations that underlie disease pathogenesis has greatly enhanced our knowledge of the causes and clinical management of cardiac arrhythmia. Here we review the molecular determinants, pathogenesis, and pharmacology of congenital Long QT Syndrome. We examine mechanisms of dysfunction associated with three critical cardiac currents that comprise the majority of congenital Long QT Syndrome cases: 1) IKs, the slow delayed rectifier current; 2) IKr, the rapid delayed rectifier current; and 3) INa, the voltage-dependent sodium current. Less common subtypes of congenital Long QT Syndrome affect other cardiac ionic currents that contribute to the dynamic nature of cardiac electrophysiology. Through the study of mutations that cause congenital Long QT Syndrome, the scientific community has advanced understanding of ion channel structure-function relationships, physiology, and pharmacological response to clinically employed and experimental pharmacological agents. Our understanding of congenital Long QT Syndrome continues to evolve rapidly and with great benefits: genotype-driven clinical management of the disease has improved patient care as precision medicine becomes even more a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Bohnen
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; and The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, New York
| | - G Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; and The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, New York
| | - S H Robey
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; and The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, New York
| | - C Terrenoire
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; and The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, New York
| | - V Iyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; and The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, New York
| | - K J Sampson
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; and The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, New York
| | - R S Kass
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; and The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, New York
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Shah AJ, Hocini M, Denis A, Derval N, Sacher F, Jais P, Haissaguerre M. Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia/Ventricular Fibrillation and Sudden Cardiac Death in the Normal Heart. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2016; 8:581-591. [PMID: 27521091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Primary electrical diseases manifest with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PMVT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) and along with idiopathic VF contribute to about 10% of sudden cardiac deaths (SCDs) overall. These disorders include long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, short QT syndrome, and early repolarization syndrome. This article reviews the clinical electrophysiological management of PMVT/VF in a structurally normal heart affected with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok J Shah
- Cardio Vascular Services, South Consulting Suites, Peel Health Campus, 110 Lakes Road, Mandurah, Western Australia 6210, Australia.
| | - Meleze Hocini
- Department of Electrophysiology and Cardiac Pacing, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut Lévêque, Avenue de Magellan, Pessac Cedex 33604, France
| | - Arnaud Denis
- Department of Electrophysiology and Cardiac Pacing, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut Lévêque, Avenue de Magellan, Pessac Cedex 33604, France
| | - Nicolas Derval
- Department of Electrophysiology and Cardiac Pacing, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut Lévêque, Avenue de Magellan, Pessac Cedex 33604, France
| | - Frederic Sacher
- Department of Electrophysiology and Cardiac Pacing, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut Lévêque, Avenue de Magellan, Pessac Cedex 33604, France
| | - Pierre Jais
- Department of Electrophysiology and Cardiac Pacing, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut Lévêque, Avenue de Magellan, Pessac Cedex 33604, France
| | - Michel Haissaguerre
- Department of Electrophysiology and Cardiac Pacing, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut Lévêque, Avenue de Magellan, Pessac Cedex 33604, France.
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Saggu DK, Nair SG, Shelke A, Yalagudri S, Narasimhan C. Catheter ablation of recurrent polymorphic tachycardia: Use of sodium channel blockade to organize the tachycardia: A case report. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 2015; 15:300-2. [PMID: 27479202 PMCID: PMC4867967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ipej.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A 55 year old male presented with recurrent implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shocks due to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PMVT). He had undergone prior catheter ablation for VT three years ago. During the prior attempt he underwent voltage guided substrate ablation. With programmed ventricular extrastimulation (PVES), PMVT was repeatedly induced requiring DC shock. Intravenous procainamide was administered and PVES was repeated which induced sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (MMVT). This VT had pseudo delta waves with maximum deflection index of 0.68, suggestive of epicardial origin. Activation mapping was performed epicardially. Presystolic potentials were recorded in mid anterolateral wall of left ventricular epicardial region. Radiofrequency (RF) ablation at this site terminated the VT. Post ablation there was no inducible tachycardia and patient is free of arrhythmias during 2 years of follow-up.
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Gorenek B, Blomström Lundqvist C, Brugada Terradellas J, Camm AJ, Hindricks G, Huber K, Kirchhof P, Kuck KH, Kudaiberdieva G, Lin T, Raviele A, Santini M, Tilz RR, Valgimigli M, Vos MA, Vrints C, Zeymer U, Kristiansen SB. Cardiac arrhythmias in acute coronary syndromes: position paper from the joint EHRA, ACCA, and EAPCI task force. EUROINTERVENTION 2015; 10:1095-108. [PMID: 25169596 DOI: 10.4244/eijy14m08_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Atoui M, Gunda S, Lakkireddy D, Mahapatra S. Radiofrequency Ablation to Prevent Sudden Cardiac Death. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2015; 11:121-8. [PMID: 26306130 DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-11-2-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiofrequency ablation may prevent or treat atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Since some of these arrhythmias are associated with sudden cardiac death, it has been hypothesized that ablation may prevent sudden death in certain cases. We performed a literature search to better understand under which circumstances ablation may prevent sudden death and found little randomized data demonstrating the long-term effects of ablation. Current literature shows that ablation clearly prevents symptoms of arrhythmia and may reduce the incidence of sudden cardiac death in select patients, although data does not indicate improved mortality. Ongoing clinical trials are needed to better define the role of ablation in preventing sudden cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sampath Gunda
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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Lip GYH, Heinzel FR, Gaita F, Juanatey JRG, Le Heuzey JY, Potpara T, Svendsen JH, Vos MA, Anker SD, Coats AJ, Haverkamp W, Manolis AS, Chung MK, Sanders P, Pieske B. European Heart Rhythm Association/Heart Failure Association joint consensus document on arrhythmias in heart failure, endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society and the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society. Eur J Heart Fail 2015; 17:848-74. [PMID: 26293171 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Lip GYH, Heinzel FR, Gaita F, Juanatey JRG, Le Heuzey JY, Potpara T, Svendsen JH, Vos MA, Anker SD, Coats AJ, Haverkamp W, Manolis AS, Chung MK, Sanders P, Pieske B, Gorenek B, Lane D, Boriani G, Linde C, Hindricks G, Tsutsui H, Homma S, Brownstein S, Nielsen JC, Lainscak M, Crespo-Leiro M, Piepoli M, Seferovic P, Savelieva I. European Heart Rhythm Association/Heart Failure Association joint consensus document on arrhythmias in heart failure, endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society and the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society. Europace 2015; 18:12-36. [PMID: 26297713 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euv191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Schade A, Nentwich K, Müller P, Krug J, Kerber S, Deneke T. [Electrical storm in the emergency room: clinical pathways]. Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol 2015; 25:73-81. [PMID: 24898990 DOI: 10.1007/s00399-014-0312-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In patients with structural heart disease, occurrence of an electrical storm (ES) is associated with increased mortality acutely and during medium term follow-up. Depending on the underlying heart disease and baseline type of arrhythmia, different clinical pathways have to be followed to reach sustained freedom from ventricular arrhythmia recurrences. Trigger elimination, sympathetic blockade (initially using betablockers and sedation), antiarrhythmic therapy with amiodarone and catheter ablation, treatment of heart failure and invasive hemodynamic support are cornerstones of the treatment. We present an algorithm which may help to organize an optimized treatment for each ES patient, implementing invasive treatment options like coronary angioplasty, catheter ablation and invasive circulatory support. Further studies are necessary to evaluate medium term outcome of such a structured therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schade
- Klinik für Kardiologie II (Interventionelle Elektrophysiologie), Herz-und Gefäßklinik Bad Neustadt, Bad Neustadt a.d. Saale, Deutschland,
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Jin Q, Jacobsen PK, Pehrson S, Chen X. Acute and long term outcomes of catheter ablation using remote magnetic navigation for the treatment of electrical storm in patients with severe ischemic heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2015; 183:11-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Kim YR, Nam GB, Kwon CH, Lee WS, Kim YG, Hwang KW, Kim J, Choi KJ, Kim YH. Second coupling interval of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia to distinguish malignant from benign outflow tract ventricular tachycardias. Heart Rhythm 2014; 11:2222-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gorenek B, Blomström Lundqvist C, Brugada Terradellas J, Camm AJ, Hindricks G, Huber K, Kirchhof P, Kuck KH, Kudaiberdieva G, Lin T, Raviele A, Santini M, Tilz RR, Valgimigli M, Vos MA, Vrints C, Zeymer U, Kristiansen SB, Lip GY, Potpara T, Fauchier L, Sticherling C, Roffi M, Widimsky P, Mehilli J, Lettino M, Schiele F, Sinnaeve P, Boriani G, Lane D, Savelieva I. Cardiac arrhythmias in acute coronary syndromes: position paper from the joint EHRA, ACCA, and EAPCI task force. Europace 2014; 16:1655-73. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euu208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Gorenek
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | | | - A. John Camm
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Kurt Huber
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Karl-Heinz Kuck
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Tina Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Antonio Raviele
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Massimo Santini
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | | | - Marc A. Vos
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Uwe Zeymer
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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