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Amdani S, Conway J, George K, Martinez HR, Asante-Korang A, Goldberg CS, Davies RR, Miyamoto SD, Hsu DT. Evaluation and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in Children and Adolescents With Congenital Heart Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2024; 150:e33-e50. [PMID: 38808502 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
With continued medical and surgical advancements, most children and adolescents with congenital heart disease are expected to survive to adulthood. Chronic heart failure is increasingly being recognized as a major contributor to ongoing morbidity and mortality in this population as it ages, and treatment strategies to prevent and treat heart failure in the pediatric population are needed. In addition to primary myocardial dysfunction, anatomical and pathophysiological abnormalities specific to various congenital heart disease lesions contribute to the development of heart failure and affect potential strategies commonly used to treat adult patients with heart failure. This scientific statement highlights the significant knowledge gaps in understanding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, staging, and outcomes of chronic heart failure in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease not amenable to catheter-based or surgical interventions. Efforts to harmonize the definitions, staging, follow-up, and approach to heart failure in children with congenital heart disease are critical to enable the conduct of rigorous scientific studies to advance our understanding of the actual burden of heart failure in this population and to allow the development of evidence-based heart failure therapies that can improve outcomes for this high-risk cohort.
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Francisco-Pascual J, Mallofré Vila N, Santos-Ortega A, Rivas-Gándara N. Tachyarrhythmias in congenital heart disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1395210. [PMID: 38887448 PMCID: PMC11180807 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1395210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of congenital heart disease (CHD) in adult patients has risen with advances in diagnostic and surgical techniques. Surgical modifications and hemodynamic changes increase the susceptibility to arrhythmias, impacting morbidity and mortality rates, with arrhythmias being the leading cause of hospitalizations and sudden deaths. Patients with CHD commonly experience both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, with each CHD type associated with different arrhythmia patterns. Macroreentrant atrial tachycardias, particularly cavotricuspid isthmus-dependent flutter, are frequently reported. Ventricular arrhythmias, including monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, are prevalent, especially in patients with surgical scars. Pharmacological therapy involves antiarrhythmic and anticoagulant drugs, though data are limited with potential adverse effects. Catheter ablation is preferred, demanding meticulous procedural planning due to anatomical complexity and vascular access challenges. Combining imaging techniques with electroanatomic navigation enhances outcomes. However, risk stratification for sudden death remains challenging due to anatomical variability. This article practically reviews the most common tachyarrhythmias, treatment options, and clinical management strategies for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Francisco-Pascual
- Unitat D'Arritmies, Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Mallofré Vila
- Unitat D'Arritmies, Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Santos-Ortega
- Unitat D'Arritmies, Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Rivas-Gándara
- Unitat D'Arritmies, Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Schamroth Pravda N, Kalter‐Leibovici O, Nir A, Lorber A, Dadashev A, Hirsch R, Benderly M. Arrhythmia Burden Among Adult Patients With Congenital Heart Disease: A Population-Based Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031760. [PMID: 38629435 PMCID: PMC11179882 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant percentage of patients with congenital heart disease surviving into adulthood will develop arrhythmias. These arrhythmias are associated with an increased risk of adverse events and death. We aimed to assess arrhythmia prevalence, risk factors, and associated health care usage in a large national cohort of patients with adult congenital heart disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Adults with a documented diagnosis of congenital heart disease, insured by Clalit and Maccabi health services between January 2007 and December 2011, were included. We assessed the associations between arrhythmia and subsequent hospitalization rates and death with mixed negative binomial and Cox proportional hazard models, respectively. Among 11 653 patients with adult congenital heart disease (median age, 47 years [interquartile range, 31-62]), 8.7% had a tachyarrhythmia at baseline, 1.5% had a conduction disturbance, and 0.5% had both. Among those without a baseline arrhythmia, 9.2% developed tachyarrhythmias, 0.9% developed a conduction disturbance, and 0.3% developed both during the study period. Compared with no arrhythmia (reference group), arrhythmia in the previous 6 months was associated with a higher multivariable adjusted hospitalization rate, 1.33-fold higher than the rate of the reference group (95% CI, 1.00-1.76) for ventricular arrhythmia, 1.27-fold higher (95% CI, 1.17-1.38) for atrial arrhythmias, and 1.33-fold higher (95% CI, 1.04-1.71) for atrioventricular block. Atrial tachyarrhythmias were associated with an adjusted mortality hazard ratio (HR) of 1.65 (95% CI, 1.44-2.94), and ventricular tachyarrhythmias with a >2-fold increase in mortality risk (HR, 2.06 [95% CI, 1.44-2.94]). CONCLUSIONS Arrhythmias are significant comorbidities in the adult congenital heart disease population and have a significant impact on health care usage and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nili Schamroth Pravda
- Department of CardiologyAdult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Rabin Medical CenterPetach TikvaIsrael
| | - Ofra Kalter‐Leibovici
- Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical CenterRamat‐GanIsrael
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Amiram Nir
- Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Avraham Lorber
- Pediatric Cardiology and GUCH Unit, Rambam Health Care CampusHaifaIsrael
| | - Alexander Dadashev
- Department of CardiologyAdult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Rabin Medical CenterPetach TikvaIsrael
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Rafael Hirsch
- Department of CardiologyAdult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Rabin Medical CenterPetach TikvaIsrael
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Michal Benderly
- Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical CenterRamat‐GanIsrael
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
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Di Mambro C, Yammine ML, Tamborrino PP, Giordano U, Righi D, Unolt M, Cantarutti N, Maiolo S, Albanese S, Carotti A, Amodeo A, Galletti L, Drago F. Long-term incidence of arrhythmias in extracardiac conduit Fontan and comparison between systemic left and right ventricle. Europace 2024; 26:euae097. [PMID: 38650062 PMCID: PMC11089577 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euae097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The extracardiac conduit-Fontan (ECC) has become the preferred technique for univentricular heart palliation, but there are currently no data on the incidence of long-term arrhythmias. This study investigated the incidence of arrhythmias and relation to single ventricle morphology in the long-term follow-up (FU) in ECC. METHODS AND RESULTS All patients with ECC performed in our Centre between 1987 and 2017 were included (minimum FU 5 years). Of 353 consecutive patients, 303 [57.8% males, aging 8-50 (median 20) years at last FU] were considered and divided into two groups depending on left (194 in Group 1) or right (109 in Group 2) ventricular morphology. Eighty-five (28%) experienced ≥1 arrhythmic complications, with early and late arrhythmias in 17 (5.6%) and 73 (24.1%) patients, respectively. Notably, late bradyarrhythmias occurred after 6 years in 21 (11%) patients in Group 1, and in 15 (13.8%) in Group 2 [P = 0.48]. Late tachyarrhythmias occurred in 55 (18.2%) patients after 12 years: 33 (17%) in Group 1 and 22 (20.2%) patients in Group 2 [P = 0.5]. Ventricular tachycardias (VT) were documented after 12.5 years in 14 (7.2%) patients of Group 1 and 15 (13.8%) of Group 2 [P = 0.06] with a higher incidence in Group 2 during the FU [P = 0.005]. CONCLUSION Extracardiac conduit is related to a significant arrhythmic risk in the long-term FU, higher than previously reported. Bradyarrhythmias occur earlier but are less frequent than tachyarrhythmias. Interestingly, patients with systemic right ventricle have a significantly higher incidence of VT, especially in a very long FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Di Mambro
- Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Complex Unit, Neonatal and Cardiological Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS (European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Disease of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart), Via Torre di Palidoro, 00050 Rome, Italy
| | - Marie Laure Yammine
- Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Complex Unit, Neonatal and Cardiological Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS (European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Disease of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart), Via Torre di Palidoro, 00050 Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Paolo Tamborrino
- Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Complex Unit, Neonatal and Cardiological Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS (European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Disease of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart), Via Torre di Palidoro, 00050 Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Giordano
- Sports Medicine Unit, Neonatal and Cardiological Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Righi
- Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Complex Unit, Neonatal and Cardiological Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS (European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Disease of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart), Via Torre di Palidoro, 00050 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Unolt
- Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Complex Unit, Neonatal and Cardiological Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS (European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Disease of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart), Via Torre di Palidoro, 00050 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Cantarutti
- Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Complex Unit, Neonatal and Cardiological Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS (European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Disease of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart), Via Torre di Palidoro, 00050 Rome, Italy
| | - Stella Maiolo
- Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Complex Unit, Neonatal and Cardiological Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS (European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Disease of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart), Via Torre di Palidoro, 00050 Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Albanese
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Neonatal and Cardiological Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Carotti
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Neonatal and Cardiological Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Amodeo
- Heart Failure, Transplant and Mechanical Assist Device, Neonatal and Cardiological Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Galletti
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Neonatal and Cardiological Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Drago
- Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Complex Unit, Neonatal and Cardiological Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS (European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Disease of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart), Via Torre di Palidoro, 00050 Rome, Italy
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Silvetti MS, Colonna D, Gabbarini F, Porcedda G, Rimini A, D’Onofrio A, Leoni L. New Guidelines of Pediatric Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: What Is Changing in Clinical Practice? J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:99. [PMID: 38667717 PMCID: PMC11050217 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11040099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Guidelines are important tools to guide the diagnosis and treatment of patients to improve the decision-making process of health professionals. They are periodically updated according to new evidence. Four new Guidelines in 2021, 2022 and 2023 referred to pediatric pacing and defibrillation. There are some relevant changes in permanent pacing. In patients with atrioventricular block, the heart rate limit in which pacemaker implantation is recommended was decreased to reduce too-early device implantation. However, it was underlined that the heart rate criterion is not absolute, as signs or symptoms of hemodynamically not tolerated bradycardia may even occur at higher rates. In sinus node dysfunction, symptomatic bradycardia is the most relevant recommendation for pacing. Physiological pacing is increasingly used and recommended when the amount of ventricular pacing is presumed to be high. New recommendations suggest that loop recorders may guide the management of inherited arrhythmia syndromes and may be useful for severe but not frequent palpitations. Regarding defibrillator implantation, the main changes are in primary prevention recommendations. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, pediatric risk calculators have been included in the Guidelines. In dilated cardiomyopathy, due to the rarity of sudden cardiac death in pediatric age, low ejection fraction criteria were demoted to class II. In long QT syndrome, new criteria included severely prolonged QTc with different limits according to genotype, and some specific mutations. In arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, hemodynamically tolerated ventricular tachycardia and arrhythmic syncope were downgraded to class II recommendation. In conclusion, these new Guidelines aim to assess all aspects of cardiac implantable electronic devices and improve treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Stefano Silvetti
- Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmia/Syncope Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Disease of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Colonna
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Fulvio Gabbarini
- Paediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Regina Margherita Hospital, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Giulio Porcedda
- Paediatric Cardiology Unit, A. Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Rimini
- Paediatric Cardiology Unit, G. Gaslini Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Antonio D’Onofrio
- Departmental Unit of Electrophysiology, Evaluation and Treatment of Arrhythmia, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Loira Leoni
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Science and Public Health, Padua University Hospital (ERN GUARD-Heart), 35121 Padua, Italy;
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Arana-Rueda E, Acosta J, Frutos-López M, Sánchez-Brotons JA, González de la Portilla-Concha C, Gallego P, Pedrote A. Automated isochronal late activation mapping for substrate characterization in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Europace 2024; 26:euae062. [PMID: 38530796 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euae062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Slow conduction (SC) anatomical isthmuses (AIs) are the dominant substrate for monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTF). This study aimed to evaluate the utility of automated propagational analysis for the identification of SC-AI in patients with rTF. METHODS AND RESULTS Consecutive rTF patients undergoing VT substrate characterization were included. Automated isochronal late activation maps (ILAM) were obtained with multielectrode HD Grid Catheter. Identified deceleration zones (DZs) were compared with both SC-AI defined by conduction velocity (CV) (<0.5 m/s) and isthmuses of induced VT for mechanistic correlation. Fourteen patients were included (age 48; p25-75 35-52 years; 57% male), 2 with spontaneous VT and 12 for risk stratification. Nine VTs were inducible in seven patients. Procedure time was 140 (p25-75 133-180) min and mapping time 29.5 (p25-75 20-37.7) min, using a median of 2167 points. All the patients had at least one AI by substrate mapping, identifying a total of 27 (11 SC-AIs). Isochronal late activation maps detected 10 DZs mostly in the AI between ventricular septal defect and pulmonary valve (80%). Five patients had no DZs. A significant negative correlation between number of isochrones/cm and CV was observed (rho -0.87; P < 0.001). Deceleration zones correctly identified SC-AI (90% sensitivity; 100% specificity; 0.94 accuracy) and was related to VT inducibility (P = 0.006). Deceleration zones co-localized to the critical isthmus of induced VTs in 88% of cases. No complications were observed. CONCLUSION Deceleration zones displayed by ILAM during sinus rhythm accurately identify SC-AIs in rTF patients allowing a safe and short-time VT substrate characterization procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Arana-Rueda
- Arrhythmia Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot, s/n, Sevilla 41013, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), C Antonio Maura Montaner, Sevilla 41013, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda Manuel Siurot s/n, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Juan Acosta
- Arrhythmia Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot, s/n, Sevilla 41013, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda Manuel Siurot s/n, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Manuel Frutos-López
- Arrhythmia Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot, s/n, Sevilla 41013, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda Manuel Siurot s/n, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Juan-Antonio Sánchez-Brotons
- Arrhythmia Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot, s/n, Sevilla 41013, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda Manuel Siurot s/n, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Carmen González de la Portilla-Concha
- Arrhythmia Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot, s/n, Sevilla 41013, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda Manuel Siurot s/n, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Pastora Gallego
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), C Antonio Maura Montaner, Sevilla 41013, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda Manuel Siurot s/n, Sevilla 41013, Spain
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alonso Pedrote
- Arrhythmia Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot, s/n, Sevilla 41013, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), C Antonio Maura Montaner, Sevilla 41013, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda Manuel Siurot s/n, Sevilla 41013, Spain
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Paja SC, Gondoș V, Deaconu S, Cinteză E, Vătășescu R. Case Report: Remote magnetic navigation and accessory pathways ablation in a single ventricle young adult with complex corrective surgeries. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1358505. [PMID: 38434729 PMCID: PMC10904613 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1358505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Supraventricular arrhythmias have become an increasingly significant contributor to the risk of mortality and morbidity in adults with complex congenital heart disease (CHD), especially in light of recent advances in palliative corrective surgeries. Because of their unique characteristics, they demand specific treatment approaches. While pharmaco-logical interventions are an option, they have limited effectiveness and may lead to side effects. Although performing radiofrequency ablation (RFA) can be exceptionally challenging in patients with complex CHD, due to particular vascular access and also modified anatomy, it has paved the way to enhance comprehension of the underlying mechanisms of supraventricular arrhythmias. This, in turn, enables the provision of improved therapies and, ultimately, an enhancement in the quality of life and symptom management for these patients. The purpose of this case report is to highlight the benefits of utilizing advanced technologies such as three-dimensional electro-anatomical mapping systems, remote magnetic navigation, and highly flexible mapping and ablation catheters during RFA in a young adult with complex congenital heart disease. Although he lacked venous connections to the right atrium (RA) due to multiple corrective surgeries we, remarkably, were capable to advance a decapolar deflectable diagnostic catheter inside the Fontan tunnel and from there to record and stimulate the RA. Successful ablation of two accessory pathways was achieved with no arrhythmia recurrence during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viviana Gondoș
- Department of Medical Electronics and Informatics, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Eliza Cinteză
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, “Marie Curie” Emergency Children’s Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- 4th Department — Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Vătășescu
- Cardiology Department, Clinic Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- 4th Department — Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Baroutidou A, Otountzidis N, Papazoglou AS, Moysidis DV, Kartas A, Mantziari L, Kamperidis V, Ziakas A, Giannakoulas G. Atrial Fibrillation Ablation in Congenital Heart Disease: Therapeutic Challenges and Future Perspectives. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032102. [PMID: 38193287 PMCID: PMC10926799 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in adults with congenital heart disease raises significant questions regarding its management. The unique underlying anatomic and physiological background further adds to the difficulty in eliminating the AF burden in these patients. Herein, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the pathophysiology and risk factors for AF in adult congenital heart disease, with a special focus on the existing challenges in AF ablation. Emerging imaging modalities and ablation techniques might have a role to play. Evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of AF ablation in adult congenital heart disease is summarized, especially for patients with an atrial septal defect, Ebstein anomaly of the tricuspid valve, tetralogy of Fallot, and Fontan circulation. Finally, any remaining gaps in knowledge and potential areas of future research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Baroutidou
- First Department of CardiologyAHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece
| | - Nikolaos Otountzidis
- First Department of CardiologyAHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece
| | | | | | - Anastasios Kartas
- First Department of CardiologyAHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece
| | | | - Vasileios Kamperidis
- First Department of CardiologyAHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece
| | - Antonios Ziakas
- First Department of CardiologyAHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece
| | - George Giannakoulas
- First Department of CardiologyAHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece
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9
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Je HG, Choi JW, Hwang HY, Kim HJ, Kim JB, Kim HJ, Choi JS, Jeong DS, Kwak JG, Park HK, Lee SH, Lim C, Lee JW. 2023 KASNet Guidelines on Atrial Fibrillation Surgery. J Chest Surg 2024; 57:1-24. [PMID: 37994091 DOI: 10.5090/jcs.23.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Gon Je
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jae Woong Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Young Hwang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Jin Kim
- Departments of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Bum Kim
- Departments of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Seop Jeong
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Gun Kwak
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Ki Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheong Lim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sejong General Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
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Stankovic I, Voigt JU, Burri H, Muraru D, Sade LE, Haugaa KH, Lumens J, Biffi M, Dacher JN, Marsan NA, Bakelants E, Manisty C, Dweck MR, Smiseth OA, Donal E. Imaging in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices: part 1-imaging before and during device implantation. A clinical consensus statement of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) and the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 25:e1-e32. [PMID: 37861372 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jead272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 500 000 cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are implanted in the European Society of Cardiology countries each year. The role of cardiovascular imaging in patients being considered for CIED is distinctly different from imaging in CIED recipients. In the former group, imaging can help identify specific or potentially reversible causes of heart block, the underlying tissue characteristics associated with malignant arrhythmias, and the mechanical consequences of conduction delays and can also aid challenging lead placements. On the other hand, cardiovascular imaging is required in CIED recipients for standard indications and to assess the response to device implantation, to diagnose immediate and delayed complications after implantation, and to guide device optimization. The present clinical consensus statement (Part 1) from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging, in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association, provides comprehensive, up-to-date, and evidence-based guidance to cardiologists, cardiac imagers, and pacing specialists regarding the use of imaging in patients undergoing implantation of conventional pacemakers, cardioverter defibrillators, and resynchronization therapy devices. The document summarizes the existing evidence regarding the use of imaging in patient selection and during the implantation procedure and also underlines gaps in evidence in the field. The role of imaging after CIED implantation is discussed in the second document (Part 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Stankovic
- Clinical Hospital Centre Zemun, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Vukova 9, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jens-Uwe Voigt
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven/Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Haran Burri
- Cardiac Pacing Unit, Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Denisa Muraru
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Leyla Elif Sade
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Heart and Vascular Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Cardiology, University of Baskent, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kristina Hermann Haugaa
- ProCardio Center for Innovation, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine Karolinska Institutet AND Cardiovascular Division, Karolinska University Hospital, StockholmSweden
| | - Joost Lumens
- Cardiovascular Research Center Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mauro Biffi
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Di Bologna, Policlinico Di S.Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jean-Nicolas Dacher
- Department of Radiology, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096 - Rouen University Hospital, F 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Nina Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elise Bakelants
- Cardiac Pacing Unit, Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Manisty
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marc R Dweck
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Otto A Smiseth
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erwan Donal
- University of Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, LTSI-UMR 1099, Rennes, France
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11
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Tampakis K, Combes S, Boveda S, Albenque JP, Cardin C, Combes N. Double P-wave phenomenon and new-onset heart failure in a patient with previous heart surgery, permanent pacemaker, and repeated catheter ablations for right atrial flutters: What is the cause? HeartRhythm Case Rep 2023; 9:954-958. [PMID: 38204824 PMCID: PMC10774524 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Serge Boveda
- Electrophysiology Unit, Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Nicolas Combes
- Electrophysiology Unit, Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France
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12
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Beach CM, Richardson C, Paul T. The Evolving Role of Insertable Cardiac Monitors in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2023; 15:413-420. [PMID: 37865515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Insertable cardiac monitors (ICMs) have been used more frequently and in a wider variety of circumstances in recent years. ICMs are used for symptom-rhythm correlation when patients have potentially arrhythmogenic syncope and for less traditional reasons such as rhythm surveillance in patients with genetic arrhythmia syndromes or other diseases with high arrhythmia risk. ICMs have good diagnostic yield in pediatric patients and in adults with congenital heart disease and have a low rate of complications. Implantation techniques should take patient-specific factors into account to optimize diagnostic yield and minimize risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheyenne M Beach
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Chalese Richardson
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra, The Cohen Children's Heart Center, Northwell Health Physician Partners, 1111 Marcus Avenue, Suite M15, New Hyde Park, NY 11042, USA
| | - Thomas Paul
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Neonatology, Georg August University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen D-37075, Germany
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13
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Alken FA, Scherschel K, Zhu E, Kahle AK, Meyer C. [Long-term results of catheter ablation for AV nodal reentry tachycardias and accessory pathways]. Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol 2023; 34:278-285. [PMID: 37861731 DOI: 10.1007/s00399-023-00965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia in patients with accessory pathways (AP) are common supraventricular tachycardias. High long-term efficacy of about 97% (AVNRT) and 92% (AP) has been observed in children and adults. The risk of occurring atrioventricular block is low (0.4-0.8% during AVNRT, 0.1-0.2% for AP). Catheter ablation shows a lower efficacy of 87-93% and elevated atrioventricular block risk up to 10% in patient groups with complex congenital heart disease. Nonsynchronized ventricular activation during preexcitation or permanent reentrant tachycardias can induce heart failure, and remission of left ventricular function can be expected in > 90% after successful catheter ablation. Therefore, catheter ablation is the long-term therapy of choice for AVNRT and AP with high efficacy and safety for most patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares-Alexander Alken
- Klinik für Kardiologie/Angiologie/Intensivmedizin, cNEP, cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology research group, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Düsseldorf, Kirchfeldstraße 40, 40217, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Katharina Scherschel
- Klinik für Kardiologie/Angiologie/Intensivmedizin, cNEP, cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology research group, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Düsseldorf, Kirchfeldstraße 40, 40217, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
- Institut für Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Ernan Zhu
- Klinik für Kardiologie/Angiologie/Intensivmedizin, cNEP, cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology research group, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Düsseldorf, Kirchfeldstraße 40, 40217, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Ann-Kathrin Kahle
- Klinik für Kardiologie/Angiologie/Intensivmedizin, cNEP, cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology research group, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Düsseldorf, Kirchfeldstraße 40, 40217, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Christian Meyer
- Klinik für Kardiologie/Angiologie/Intensivmedizin, cNEP, cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology research group, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Düsseldorf, Kirchfeldstraße 40, 40217, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
- Institut für Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
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14
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Vô C, Dib N, Bartoletti S, Gonzalez CM, Mondésert B, Gagnon MH, Fournier A, Khairy P. Navigating Arrhythmias in Tetralogy of Fallot Throughout the Lifespan: A Case-based Review. CJC PEDIATRIC AND CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 2023; 2:404-413. [PMID: 38161682 PMCID: PMC10755829 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjcpc.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Arrhythmias are a common complication associated with tetralogy of Fallot (ToF), one of the most prevalent forms of congenital heart disease. As illustrated by this case-based review, various forms of arrhythmias can be encountered across the lifespan of patients with ToF, from infancy to older adulthood. These include atrioventricular block, junctional ectopic tachycardia, and atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Arrhythmias have important implications on the health and quality of life of patients with ToF and require treatment by caregivers with dedicated expertise. The choice of pharmacologic and/or interventional therapies to alleviate symptoms, avoid complications, and mitigate risks depends in part on the type, severity, and frequency of the arrhythmia, as well as on the particularities of individual clinical scenarios. Preventing, monitoring for, and managing arrhythmias are an integral component of the care of patients with ToF throughout their lifespan that is critical to optimizing health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Vô
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Electrophysiology Service, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nabil Dib
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stefano Bartoletti
- Electrophysiology Service, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cecilia M. Gonzalez
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Blandine Mondésert
- Electrophysiology Service, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Gagnon
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne Fournier
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Paul Khairy
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Electrophysiology Service, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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15
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Ganea G, Cinteză EE, Filip C, Iancu MA, Balta MD, Vătășescu R, Vasile CM, Cîrstoveanu C, Bălgrădean M. Postoperative Cardiac Arrhythmias in Pediatric and Neonatal Patients with Congenital Heart Disease-A Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2278. [PMID: 38137879 PMCID: PMC10744555 DOI: 10.3390/life13122278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are a frequent complication in the evolution of patients with congenital heart disease. Corrective surgery for these malformations is an additional predisposition to the appearance of arrhythmias. Several factors related to the patient, as well as to the therapeutic management, are involved in the etiopathogenesis of cardiac arrhythmias occurring post-operatively. The risk of arrhythmias in the immediate postoperative period is correlated with the patient's young age and low weight at surgery. The change in heart geometry, hemodynamic stress, and post-surgical scars represent the main etiopathogenic factors that can contribute to the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias in the population of patients with operated-on congenital heart malformations. Clinical manifestations differ depending on the duration of the arrhythmia, underlying structural defects, hemodynamic conditions, and comorbidities. The accurate diagnosis and the establishment of specific management options strongly influence the morbidity and mortality associated with arrhythmias. As such, identifying the risk factors for the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias in the case of each patient is essential to establish a specific follow-up and management plan to improve the life expectancy and quality of life of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ganea
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (G.G.); (E.E.C.); (C.F.); (M.B.)
- “Marie Skolodowska Curie” Emergency Children’s Hospital, 041451 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eliza Elena Cinteză
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (G.G.); (E.E.C.); (C.F.); (M.B.)
- “Marie Skolodowska Curie” Emergency Children’s Hospital, 041451 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Filip
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (G.G.); (E.E.C.); (C.F.); (M.B.)
- “Marie Skolodowska Curie” Emergency Children’s Hospital, 041451 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Adela Iancu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Family Medicine and Labor Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- “Alessandrescu-Rusescu” National Institute for Mother and Child Health, 20382 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Daniela Balta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Family Medicine and Labor Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- “Alessandrescu-Rusescu” National Institute for Mother and Child Health, 20382 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Vătășescu
- Emergency Clinical Hospital, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
- Cardio-Thoracic Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina Maria Vasile
- Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Cătălin Cîrstoveanu
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, M.S. Curie Children’s Clinical Hospital, 041451 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Bălgrădean
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (G.G.); (E.E.C.); (C.F.); (M.B.)
- “Marie Skolodowska Curie” Emergency Children’s Hospital, 041451 Bucharest, Romania
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16
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Brida M, De Rosa S, Legendre A, Ladouceur M, Dos Subira L, Scognamiglio G, Di Mario C, Roos-Hesselink J, Goossens E, Diller G, Gatzoulis MA. Acquired cardiovascular disease in adults with congenital heart disease. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:4533-4548. [PMID: 37758198 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rates of successful surgical repair and life expectancy for patients with congenital heart disease have increased dramatically in recent decades. Thanks to advances in diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care, an ever-increasing number of individuals with congenital heart disease are reaching advanced age. The exposure to cardiovascular risk factors during their lifetime is modifying the outlook and late clinical trajectory of adult congenital heart disease (ACHD). Their disease burden is shifting from congenital to acquired, primarily atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) with worrisome consequences. In addition, the complex background of ACHD often curbs appropriate preventive strategies by general practitioners or adult cardiologists. Comprehensive guidance for the prevention and management of acquired heart disease in ACHD patients is currently not available, as this topic has not been covered by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention or the ESC guidelines for the management of ACHD. In this document, a state-of-the-art overview of acquired heart disease in ACHD patients and guidance on ASCVD prevention for both ACHD specialists and non-ACHD cardiologists are provided. The aim is to provide a clinical consensus statement to foster the development of a sustainable strategy for the prevention of ASCVD in a practical and simple-to-follow way in this ever-growing cardiovascular cohort, thus reducing their cardiovascular burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Brida
- Adult Congenital Heart Centre and National Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Guys & St Thomas's NHS Trust and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Salvatore De Rosa
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, 'Magna Graecia' University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antoine Legendre
- Congenital and Pediatric Cardiology, Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Magalie Ladouceur
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Laura Dos Subira
- Unitat de Cardiopaties Congènites de l'Adolescent i de l'Adult (UCCAA); CIBERCV, European Reference Network for rare, low-prevalence, or complex diseases of the heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carlo Di Mario
- Structural Interventional Cardiology, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Eva Goossens
- Centre for Research and Innovation in Care, Faculty of Nursing, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gerhard Diller
- Department of Cardiology III-Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Michael A Gatzoulis
- Adult Congenital Heart Centre and National Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Guys & St Thomas's NHS Trust and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK
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17
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Ntiloudi D, Rammos S, Karakosta M, Kalesi A, Kasinos N, Giannakoulas G. Arrhythmias in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease: An Ongoing Morbidity. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7020. [PMID: 38002634 PMCID: PMC10672721 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
With the aging of congenital heart disease (CHD) patients, the burden of arrhythmias is expanding. Atrial arrhythmias, especially intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia and atrial fibrillation, are the most prevalent forms of arrhythmia. Managing comorbidities, such as obesity, using pharmacotherapy, including antiarrhythmics and anticoagulants, and ablation therapy has become the cornerstone of arrhythmia management. Ventricular tachycardias are also not rare; however, except for tetralogy of Fallot patients, recommendations for the use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators for primary prevention in other CHD patients are still not well established. Patients with CHD might also present with atrioventricular blockages because of their anatomy or following a surgical procedure. The scope of this article is to review the current knowledge and discuss the future directions regarding arrhythmia management in CHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Ntiloudi
- Department of Cardiology, Tzaneio General Hospital of Piraeus, 185 36 Piraeus, Greece; (M.K.); (A.K.); (N.K.)
- Echocardiography Training Center of Tzaneio ‘D. Beldekos’, 185 36 Piraeus, Greece
| | - Spyridon Rammos
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease, “Onassis” Cardiac Surgery Center, 176 74 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Karakosta
- Department of Cardiology, Tzaneio General Hospital of Piraeus, 185 36 Piraeus, Greece; (M.K.); (A.K.); (N.K.)
- Echocardiography Training Center of Tzaneio ‘D. Beldekos’, 185 36 Piraeus, Greece
| | - Alkistis Kalesi
- Department of Cardiology, Tzaneio General Hospital of Piraeus, 185 36 Piraeus, Greece; (M.K.); (A.K.); (N.K.)
- Echocardiography Training Center of Tzaneio ‘D. Beldekos’, 185 36 Piraeus, Greece
| | - Nearchos Kasinos
- Department of Cardiology, Tzaneio General Hospital of Piraeus, 185 36 Piraeus, Greece; (M.K.); (A.K.); (N.K.)
- Echocardiography Training Center of Tzaneio ‘D. Beldekos’, 185 36 Piraeus, Greece
| | - George Giannakoulas
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Kakarla J, Crossland DS, Murray S, Adhvaryu K, Jansen K, Rybicka J, Hermuzi A, Martin R, Shepherd E, Seller N, Coats L. An unmet need: arrhythmia detection by implantable loop recorder in the systemic right ventricle. Europace 2023; 25:euad304. [PMID: 37816150 PMCID: PMC10634521 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euad304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Patients with systemic right ventricles are at high risk of sudden cardiac death. Arrhythmia is a significant risk factor. Routine Holter monitoring is opportunistic with poor adherence. The aim of this study was to determine if continuous rhythm monitoring with an implantable loop recorder (ILR) could allow early detection of clinically important arrhythmias. METHODS AND RESULTS Implantable loop recorder implantation was offered to patients with atrial switch repair for transposition of the great arteries. Recordings were made with symptoms or, automatically for pauses, significant bradycardia or tachycardia and reviewed by the multi-disciplinary team. Twenty-four out of 36 eligible patients underwent ILR implantation with no complication. Forty-two per cent had preserved ventricular function, 75% were NYHA functional class I, 88% had low sudden cardiac death risk, 33% had previous intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia (IART), and none had known conduction disease. Eighteen out of 24 (75%) patients made 52 recordings (52% automated) over 39.5 months (1.6-72.5). Thirty-two out of 52 (62%) recordings in 15/24 (63%) of the cohort were clinically significant and included sinus node disease (two patients), atrioventricular block (two patients), IART (seven patients), and IART with sinus node disease or atrioventricular block (four patients). Implantable loop recorder recordings prompted medication change in 11 patients [beta-blockers (n = 9), anti-coagulation (n = 5), and stopping anti-coagulation (n = 1)] and device therapy recommendation in seven patients [five pacemakers (three: atrioventricular block) and two defibrillators]. Two patients declined intervention; one suffered an arrhythmic death. Intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia and clinically relevant conduction disease were detected in patients irrespective of sudden cardiac death risk. CONCLUSION Continuous monitoring with an ILR in patients with systemic right ventricle following atrial switch detects clinically relevant arrhythmias that impact decision-making. In this cohort, clinically relevant arrhythmias did not correlate with sudden cardiac death risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayant Kakarla
- Adult Congenital and Paediatric Heart Unit, Freeman Hospital, Freeman Road, High Heaton, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - David S Crossland
- Adult Congenital and Paediatric Heart Unit, Freeman Hospital, Freeman Road, High Heaton, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Stephen Murray
- Cardiology Department, Freeman Hospital, Freeman Road, High Heaton, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Kaitav Adhvaryu
- Adult Congenital and Paediatric Heart Unit, Freeman Hospital, Freeman Road, High Heaton, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Katrijn Jansen
- Adult Congenital and Paediatric Heart Unit, Freeman Hospital, Freeman Road, High Heaton, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Justyna Rybicka
- Adult Congenital and Paediatric Heart Unit, Freeman Hospital, Freeman Road, High Heaton, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Antony Hermuzi
- Adult Congenital and Paediatric Heart Unit, Freeman Hospital, Freeman Road, High Heaton, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Ruairidh Martin
- Cardiology Department, Freeman Hospital, Freeman Road, High Heaton, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Ewen Shepherd
- Cardiology Department, Freeman Hospital, Freeman Road, High Heaton, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Neil Seller
- Adult Congenital and Paediatric Heart Unit, Freeman Hospital, Freeman Road, High Heaton, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Louise Coats
- Adult Congenital and Paediatric Heart Unit, Freeman Hospital, Freeman Road, High Heaton, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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Zhang J, Dong Z, Ma S, Abdukadir A, Tang B, Xu Y. Epicardial implantation of a lumenless active fixation lead in a neonate. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2023; 46:1366-1369. [PMID: 36896741 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We present a case of epicardial pacemaker implantation in a low birth weight newborn using a lumenless active fixation lead. RESULTS We found that superior pacing parameters can be obtained by implanting a lumenless active fixation lead into the epicardium, but more evidence is needed to support this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University & Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhenyu Dong
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University & Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Songfeng Ma
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ablat Abdukadir
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Baopeng Tang
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University & Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yuanning Xu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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20
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Hardy RY, Babu S, Jackson JL, George S, Andrews JG, Daskalov R, May SC, Miller P, Timmins S, Pike NA. Young adults with congenital heart disease heading to college: Are college health centers and providers prepared? J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2023; 35:620-628. [PMID: 37471528 DOI: 10.1097/jxx.0000000000000914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An estimated 1.4 million adults in the United States have congenital heart disease (CHD). As this population grows and many pursue postsecondary education, these adults' health care needs and concerns should be at the forefront for providers, particularly nurse practitioners, at college health centers. PURPOSE To understand how college health centers and providers identify and manage the care of students with chronic conditions to further support their health care transition, with a focus on students with CHD. METHODOLOGY Qualitative key informant interviews were performed with providers at five college health centers to understand the processes in place and the challenges health care providers on college campuses face when caring for students with CHD. RESULTS Most of the college health centers did not have formalized processes in place to care for these students. Although many felt that they had the capabilities in their health centers to manage these students' maintenance/preventive care needs, fewer felt comfortable with their urgent or emergent care needs. The onus was often on students or parents/guardians to initiate these transitions. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights some challenges to providing care to students with chronic conditions like CHD. More collaborative relationships with specialists may be critical to ensuring that all the care needs of chronic disease students are met on college campuses. IMPLICATIONS Nurse practitioners, who often staff these clinics, are well positioned to support this transition onto campuses and lead the development of processes to identify these students, ease care management transitions, and ensure easy provider communication that allow students with chronic diseases to thrive on campus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Y Hardy
- Center for Child Health Equity, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Suhas Babu
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jamie L Jackson
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | | | | | - Susan C May
- Adult Congenital Heart Association (ACHA), Media, Pennsylvania
| | - Paula Miller
- Adult Congenital Heart Association (ACHA), Media, Pennsylvania
| | - Susan Timmins
- Adult Congenital Heart Association (ACHA), Media, Pennsylvania
| | - Nancy A Pike
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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21
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Bessière F, Waldmann V, Combes N, Metton O, Dib N, Mondésert B, O'Leary E, De Witt E, Carreon CK, Sanders SP, Moore JP, Triedman J, Khairy P. Ventricular Arrhythmias in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease, Part I: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 82:1108-1120. [PMID: 37673512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients with congenital heart disease associated with a higher risk for ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) can be divided conceptually into those with discrete mechanisms for reentrant monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) (Group A) and those with more diffuse substrates (Group B). Part I of this review addresses Group A lesions, which predominantly consist of tetralogy of Fallot and related variants. Well-defined anatomic isthmuses for reentrant monomorphic VT are interposed between surgical scars and the pulmonary or tricuspid annulus. The most commonly implicated critical isthmus for VT is the conal septum that divides subpulmonary from subaortic outlets. Programmed ventricular stimulation can be helpful in risk stratification. Although catheter ablation is not generally considered an alternative to the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for prevention of SCD, emerging data suggest that there is a subset of carefully selected patients who may not require ICDs after successful monomorphic VT ablation.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Adult
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/therapy
- Death, Sudden, Cardiac/epidemiology
- Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology
- Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control
- Heart Defects, Congenital/complications
- Heart Defects, Congenital/therapy
- Catheter Ablation
- Defibrillators, Implantable
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Bessière
- Electrophysiology Unit, Hôpital cardiologique Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease Medico-Surgical Unit, Hôpital cardiologique Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LabTau, INSERM, Lyon, France.
| | - Victor Waldmann
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Medico-Surgical Unit, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Pediatric and Congenital Medico-Surgical Unit, Necker Hospital, Paris, France; Electrophysiology Unit, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Université de Paris Cité, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Combes
- Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France; Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Olivier Metton
- Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease Medico-Surgical Unit, Hôpital cardiologique Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nabil Dib
- Division of Electrophysiology, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Blandine Mondésert
- Division of Electrophysiology, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Edward O'Leary
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth De Witt
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chrystalle Katte Carreon
- The Cardiac Registry, Departments of Cardiology, Pathology, and Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen P Sanders
- The Cardiac Registry, Departments of Cardiology, Pathology, and Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeremy P Moore
- Ahmanson/UCLA Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John Triedman
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul Khairy
- Division of Electrophysiology, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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22
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Bessière F, Waldmann V, Combes N, Metton O, Dib N, Mondésert B, O'Leary E, De Witt E, Carreon CK, Sanders SP, Moore JP, Triedman J, Khairy P. Ventricular Arrhythmias in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease, Part II: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 82:1121-1130. [PMID: 37673513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
There are marked variations in the incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and in the substrates for ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) across the gamut of congenital heart defects. In this 2-part review, patients with higher-risk forms of congenital heart disease (CHD) were conceptually categorized into those with discrete anatomic isthmuses for macro-reentrant ventricular tachycardia (VT) (Group A) and those with more diffuse or less well-defined substrates (Group B) that include patchy or extensive myocardial fibrosis. The latter category encompasses CHD lesions such as Ebstein anomaly, transposition of the great arteries with a systemic right ventricle (RV), and congenital aortic stenosis. For Group B patients, polymorphic VT and ventricular fibrillation account for a higher proportion of VA. The prognostic value of programmed ventricular stimulation is less well established, and catheter ablation plays a less prominent role. As cardiomyopathies evolve over time, pathophysiological mechanisms for VA among Groups A and B become increasingly blurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Bessière
- Electrophysiology Unit, Hôpital cardiologique Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease Medico-Surgical Unit, Hôpital cardiologique Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LabTau, INSERM, Lyon, France.
| | - Victor Waldmann
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Medico-Surgical Unit, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Pediatric and Congenital Medico-Surgical Unit, Necker Hospital, Paris, France; Electrophysiology Unit, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Université de Paris Cité, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Combes
- Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France; Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Olivier Metton
- Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease Medico-Surgical Unit, Hôpital cardiologique Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nabil Dib
- Division of Electrophysiology, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Blandine Mondésert
- Division of Electrophysiology, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Edward O'Leary
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth De Witt
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chrystalle Katte Carreon
- The Cardiac Registry, Departments of Cardiology, Pathology, and Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen P Sanders
- The Cardiac Registry, Departments of Cardiology, Pathology, and Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeremy P Moore
- Ahmanson/UCLA Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John Triedman
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul Khairy
- Division of Electrophysiology, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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23
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Sanders DJ, Larsen TR. Activation vs entrainment-do we have a winner? J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2023; 66:1313-1314. [PMID: 36795269 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-023-01504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David J Sanders
- Division of Cardiology, Section of Electrophysiology, Rush University, 1717 West Harrison Street, Suite 331, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Timothy R Larsen
- Division of Cardiology, Section of Electrophysiology, Rush University, 1717 West Harrison Street, Suite 331, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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24
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Wu MH, Chiu SN, Tseng WC, Lu CW, Kao FY, Huang SK. Atrial fibrillation in adult congenital heart disease and the general population. Heart Rhythm 2023; 20:1248-1254. [PMID: 37169157 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) in adult patients with congenital heart disease (ACHD) may appear early, depending on individual characteristics. OBJECTIVES The goals of this study were to investigate the epidemiological spectrum of AF in the entire cohort of ACHD and compare it with that in the general population. METHODS A retrospective study was performed in the nationwide cohort 2000-2014 with AF onset during 2003-2014. RESULTS In the cohort of ACHD, 2350 patients had AF; the incidence increased with age, plateauing around age 70. In patients aged 25-29, 45-49, 65-69, 75-79, and ≥80 years, the annual incidence was 1.3, 7.9, 20.6, 23.7, and 21.4/1000 per year, respectively. In the general population without CHD, 347,979 patients had AF; the annual incidence was <1/1000 per year in those aged <55 years but increased steadily with age (3.6, 8.6, and 14.2/1000 per year in aged 65-69, 75-79, and ≥80 years, respectively). Compared with individuals without ACHD, ACHD patients aged <50 years and those aged both 50-54 and 55-59 years exhibited a 20-fold and 10-fold higher incidence of AF, respectively. Patients with complex congenital heart disease and Ebstein's anomaly had the highest risk of AF (cumulative risk >10% by age 50 and >20% by age 60), followed by those with tetralogy of Fallot, tricuspid atresia, endocardial cushion defect, and secundum atrial septal defect (cumulative risk >5% by age 50 and >10% by age 60). CONCLUSION Compared with individuals without ACHD, AF in patients with ACHD likely appeared 30 years earlier, with a 10- to 20-fold higher incidence plateauing around age 70. Yet, incidence in individuals without ACHD continued to increase. AF burden in patients with ACHD is not expected to increase in a never-ending way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hwan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Sheunn-Nan Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Tseng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yu Kao
- National Health Insurance Administration, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - San-Kuei Huang
- National Health Insurance Administration, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Paul T, Krause U, Sanatani S, Etheridge SP. Advancing the science of management of arrhythmic disease in children and adult congenital heart disease patients within the last 25 years. Europace 2023; 25:euad155. [PMID: 37622573 PMCID: PMC10450816 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euad155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article reflects how publications in EP Europace have contributed to advancing the science of management of arrhythmic disease in children and adult patients with congenital heart disease within the last 25 years. A special focus is directed to congenital atrioventricular (AV) block, the use of pacemakers, cardiac resynchronization therapy devices, and implantable cardioverter defibrillators in the young with and without congenital heart disease, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, mapping and ablation technology, and understanding of cardiac genomics to untangle arrhythmic sudden death in the young.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Paul
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Neonatology, Pediatric Heart Center, Georg-August-University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str, 40, Göttingen D-37075, Germany
| | - Ulrich Krause
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Neonatology, Pediatric Heart Center, Georg-August-University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str, 40, Göttingen D-37075, Germany
| | - Shubhayan Sanatani
- Children’s Heart Centre, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Susan P Etheridge
- Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine and Primary Children’s Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT
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26
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Harris L, Burg MR, Mah DY. Subcutaneous ICD in Congenital Heart Disease: Will Skin Deep Cut It? J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 82:600-602. [PMID: 37558372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Harris
- University Health Network Toronto General Hospital, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Melanie R Burg
- University Health Network Toronto General Hospital, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas Y Mah
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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27
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Bevilacqua F, Pasqualin G, Ferrero P, Micheletti A, Negura DG, D'Aiello AF, Giamberti A, Chessa M. Overview of Long-Term Outcome in Adults with Systemic Right Ventricle and Transposition of the Great Arteries: A Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2205. [PMID: 37443599 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13132205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The population of patients with a systemic right ventricle (sRV) in biventricular circulation includes those who have undergone an atrial switch operation for destro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) and those with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA). Despite the life expectancy of these patients is significantly increased, the long-term prognosis remains suboptimal due to late complications such as heart failure, arrhythmias, and premature death. These patients, therefore, need a close follow-up to early identify predictive factors of adverse outcomes and to implement all preventive therapeutic strategies. This review analyzes the late complications of adult patients with an sRV and TGA and clarifies which are risk factors for adverse prognosis and which are the therapeutic strategies that improve the long-term outcomes. For prognostic purposes, it is necessary to monitor sRV size and function, the tricuspid valve regurgitation, the functional class, the occurrence of syncope, the QRS duration, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide levels, and the development of arrhythmias. Furthermore, pregnancy should be discouraged in women with risk factors. Tricuspid valve replacement/repair, biventricular pacing, and implantable cardioverter defibrillator are the most important therapeutic strategies that have been shown, when used correctly, to improve long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bevilacqua
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Centre, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, 20132 Milano, Italy
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Pasqualin
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Centre, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, 20132 Milano, Italy
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Ferrero
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Centre, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, 20132 Milano, Italy
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Micheletti
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Centre, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, 20132 Milano, Italy
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Diana Gabriela Negura
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Centre, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, 20132 Milano, Italy
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Fabio D'Aiello
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Centre, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, 20132 Milano, Italy
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giamberti
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Congenital Cardiac Surgery Unit, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, 20097 Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Chessa
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Centre, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, 20132 Milano, Italy
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milano, Italy
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28
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Ekrem Turan O, Yilancioğlu RY, İnevi U, Özcan EE. Pre-procedural imaging and atrial tachycardia ablation in a patient with complex congenital heart disease. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2023; 46:510-514. [PMID: 36708317 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Atrial tachycardias (AT) are common cardiac arrhythmia disorder for congenital heart disease (CHD). The anatomic substrate that surgical suture lines, scar tissue, or prosthetic material may cause pre-existing atrial conduction abnormalities which leads to the underlying mechanism of reentrant ATs. Radiofrequency Catheter ablation (RFCA) is used in the treatment of atrial tachycardia in CHD patients. However venous system abnormalities may complicate the procedure. We report that ablation of a case with atrial tachycardia with challenging anatomy (persistent left superior vena cava draining into the left atrium, coronary sinus agenesis, inferior vena cava (IVC) agenesis, azygos system drained to the superior vena cava, and repaired ventricular septal defect). This case report discusses the key points of access to cardiac chambers and mapping in very rare challenging anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuzhan Ekrem Turan
- Faculty of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Management Center, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Umut İnevi
- Faculty of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Management Center, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emin Evren Özcan
- Faculty of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Management Center, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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29
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Barracano R, Ciriello GD, Sarubbi B. Pharmacological therapy in adult congenital heart disease with coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcchd.2023.100446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
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30
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Kumthekar RN, Opfermann JD, Mass P, Contento JM, Berul CI. Percutaneous epicardial pacing in infants using direct visualization: A feasibility animal study. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2023; 34:1452-1458. [PMID: 37172303 DOI: 10.1111/jce.15926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pacemaker implantation in infants and small children is limited to epicardial lead placement via open chest surgery. We propose a minimally invasive solution using a novel percutaneous access kit. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the acute safety and feasibility of a novel percutaneous pericardial access tool kit to implant pacemaker leads on the epicardium under direct visualization. METHODS A custom sheath with optical fiber lining the inside wall was built to provide intrathoracic illumination. A Veress needle inside the illumination sheath was inserted through a skin nick just to the left of the xiphoid process and angled toward the thorax. A needle containing a fiberscope within the lumen was inserted through the sheath and used to access the pericardium under direct visualization. A custom dilator and peel-away sheath with pre-tunneled fiberscope was passed over a guidewire into the pericardial space via modified Seldinger technique. A side-biting multipolar pacemaker lead was inserted through the sheath and affixed against the epicardium. RESULTS Six piglets (weight 3.7-4.0 kg) had successful lead implantation. The pericardial space could be visualized and entered in all animals. Median time from skin nick to sheath access of the pericardium was 9.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 8-11) min. Median total procedure time was 16 (IQR 14-19) min. Median R wave sensing was 5.4 (IQR 4.0-7.3) mV. Median capture threshold was 2.1 (IQR 1.7-2.4) V at 0.4 ms and 1.3 (IQR 1.2-2.0) V at 1.0 ms. There were no complications. CONCLUSION Percutaneous epicardial lead implantation under direct visualization was successful in six piglets of neonatal size and weight with clinically acceptable acute pacing parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan N Kumthekar
- Division of Cardiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Justin D Opfermann
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paige Mass
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Contento
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Charles I Berul
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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31
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Oeffl N, Schober L, Faudon P, Schweintzger S, Manninger M, Köstenberger M, Sallmon H, Scherr D, Kurath-Koller S. Antiarrhythmic Drug Dosing in Children-Review of the Literature. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050847. [PMID: 37238395 DOI: 10.3390/children10050847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Antiarrhythmic drugs represent a mainstay of pediatric arrhythmia treatment. However, official guidelines and consensus documents on this topic remain scarce. There are rather uniform recommendations for some medications (including adenosine, amiodarone, and esmolol), while there are only very broad dosage recommendations for others (such as sotalol or digoxin). To prevent potential uncertainties and even mistakes with regard to dosing, we summarized the published dosage recommendations for antiarrhythmic drugs in children. Because of the wide variations in availability, regulatory approval, and experience, we encourage centers to develop their own specific protocols for pediatric antiarrhythmic drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Oeffl
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas Schober
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Patrick Faudon
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Sabrina Schweintzger
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Manninger
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Köstenberger
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Hannes Sallmon
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Scherr
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Kurath-Koller
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
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Basic C, Hansson PO, Sandström TZ, Johansson B, Fu M, Mandalenakis Z. Heart failure outcomes in low-risk patients with atrial fibrillation: a case-control study of 680 523 Swedish individuals. ESC Heart Fail 2023. [PMID: 37139589 PMCID: PMC10375091 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Knowledge of long-term outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) remains limited. We sought to evaluate the risk of new-onset heart failure (HF) in patients with AF and a low cardiovascular risk profile. METHODS AND RESULTS Data from the Swedish National Patient Register were used to identify all patients with a first-time diagnosis of AF without underlying cardiovascular disease at baseline between 1987 and 2018. Each patient was compared with two controls without AF from the National Total Population Register. In total, 227 811 patients and 452 712 controls were included. During a mean follow-up of 9.1 (standard deviation 7.0) years, the hazard ratio (HR) for new-onset HF was 3.55 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.51-3.60] in patients compared with controls. Women with AF (18-34 years) had HR for HF onset 24.6 (95% CI 7.59-80.0) and men HR 9.86 (95% CI 6.81-14.27). The highest risk was within 1 year in patients 18-34 years, HR 103.9 (95% CI 46.3-233.1). The incidence rate within 1 year increased from 6.2 (95% CI 4.5-8.6) per 1000 person-years in young patients (18-34 years) to 142.8 (95% CI 139.4-146.3) per 1000 person-years among older patients (>80 years). CONCLUSIONS Patients studied had a three-fold higher risk of developing HF compared with controls. Young patients, particularly women, carry up to 100-fold increased risk to develop HF within 1 year after AF. Further studies in patients with AF and low cardiovascular risk profile are needed to prevent serious complications such as HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Basic
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Diagnosvägen 11, 41650, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Medicine Geriatric and Emergency Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Hansson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Diagnosvägen 11, 41650, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Medicine Geriatric and Emergency Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tatiana Zverkova Sandström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Diagnosvägen 11, 41650, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Johansson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Diagnosvägen 11, 41650, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Medicine Geriatric and Emergency Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Fu
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Diagnosvägen 11, 41650, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Medicine Geriatric and Emergency Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zacharias Mandalenakis
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Diagnosvägen 11, 41650, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Medicine Geriatric and Emergency Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Bhatia K, D'Souza R, Malhamé I, Thorne S. Anaesthetic considerations in pregnant patients with cardiac arrhythmia. BJA Educ 2023; 23:196-206. [PMID: 37124169 PMCID: PMC10140473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjae.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. Bhatia
- Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - R. D'Souza
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - I. Malhamé
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - S. Thorne
- University of Toronto Pregnancy and Heart Disease Program, Mount Sinai and Toronto General Hospitals, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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34
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Francisco Pascual J, Jordan Marchite P, Rodríguez Silva J, Rivas Gándara N. Arrhythmic syncope: From diagnosis to management. World J Cardiol 2023; 15:119-141. [PMID: 37124975 PMCID: PMC10130893 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v15.i4.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Syncope is a concerning symptom that affects a large proportion of patients. It can be related to a heterogeneous group of pathologies ranging from trivial causes to diseases with a high risk of sudden death. However, benign causes are the most frequent, and identifying high-risk patients with potentially severe etiologies is crucial to establish an accurate diagnosis, initiate effective therapy, and alter the prognosis. The term cardiac syncope refers to those episodes where the cause of the cerebral hypoperfusion is directly related to a cardiac disorder, while arrhythmic syncope is cardiac syncope specifically due to rhythm disorders. Indeed, arrhythmias are the most common cause of cardiac syncope. Both bradyarrhythmia and tachyarrhythmia can cause a sudden decrease in cardiac output and produce syncope. In this review, we summarized the main guidelines in the management of patients with syncope of presumed arrhythmic origin. Therefore, we presented a thorough approach to syncope work-up through different tests depending on the clinical characteristics of the patients, risk stratification, and the management of syncope in different scenarios such as structural heart disease and channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Francisco Pascual
- Unitat d’Arritmies Servei de Cardiologia VHIR, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Grup de Recerca Cardiovascular, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Pablo Jordan Marchite
- Unitat d’Arritmies Servei de Cardiologia VHIR, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez Silva
- Unitat d’Arritmies Servei de Cardiologia VHIR, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Nuria Rivas Gándara
- Unitat d’Arritmies Servei de Cardiologia VHIR, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
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García-Cruz E, Manzur-Sandoval D, Gopar-Nieto R, Angulo-Cruzado ST, Sánchez-López SV, Torres-Martel JM, Ramírez-Marroquín S, Cervantes-Salazar JL, Benita-Bordes A, Calderon-Colmenero J, García-Montes JA, Díaz-Gallardo LG, Montalvo-Ocotoxtle IG, Escobar-Sibaja LE, Sánchez-Rodríguez CC, Barajas-Campos RL, García-Cruz JC, Villalobos-Pedroza M, Sánchez-Nieto J, Mier y Terán-Morales E, Navarro-Martínez DA, Baranda-Tovar FM. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Adults With Moderate-to-Severe Complexity Congenital Heart Disease Undergoing Palliation or Surgical Repair. CJC PEDIATRIC AND CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 2023; 2:63-73. [PMID: 37970523 PMCID: PMC10642147 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjcpc.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Congenital heart disease (CHD) survival rate has improved dramatically due to advances in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. However, concerning the unrepaired CHD population of moderate and severe complexity, the data regarding risk predictors and surgical outcomes are scarce. Our aim was to describe the surgical results and predictors of in-hospital outcomes in adult patients with moderate-to-severe complexity CHD that were not repaired in childhood. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study that included 49 adult patients with moderate-to-complex CHD who were treated in a single medical centre. Clinical and echocardiographic variables were obtained on admission, after surgical procedures and during follow-up. Results Most of the patients were female (66%). Left ventricular ejection fraction and right ventricular outflow tract fractional shortening were within the normal range. The median pulmonary artery systolic pressure was 37 (27-55) mm Hg. The median time was 118 (80-181) minutes for extracorporeal circulation and 76 (49-121) minutes for aortic cross-clamping. The most frequent complication was postoperative complete atrioventricular block (12.2%). In-hospital survival rate was 87.7%. The development of low cardiac output syndrome with predominant right ventricle failure in the postoperative period was the most important predictor of in-hospital death (P = 0.03). Conclusions Deciding to treat adults with CHD is challenging in moderate and severe unrepaired cases. Adequate clinical, functional, and imaging evaluation is essential to determine each patient's suitability for surgical management and to achieve the best clinical outcome for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar García-Cruz
- Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Manzur-Sandoval
- Cardiovascular Critical Care Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Gopar-Nieto
- Coronary Care Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - José Miguel Torres-Martel
- Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Samuel Ramírez-Marroquín
- Congenital Heart Disease Surgery Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Luis Cervantes-Salazar
- Congenital Heart Disease Surgery Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio Benita-Bordes
- Congenital Heart Disease Surgery Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Calderon-Colmenero
- Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jorge Sánchez-Nieto
- Coronary Care Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Rosenthal E, Qureshi SA. Adult Congenital Heart Disease: A Specialty With Ever-Expanding Challenges. Circulation 2023; 147:939-941. [PMID: 36944037 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.063189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rosenthal
- Department of Paediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Shakeel A Qureshi
- Department of Paediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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37
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Dhingra NK, Mazer CD, Connelly KA, Verma S. Chronic heart failure management in adult patients with congenital heart disease. Curr Opin Cardiol 2023; 38:82-87. [PMID: 36656602 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000001011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A growing number of adult patients with congenital heart disease (ACHD) are entering the healthcare system as a result of advances in the diagnosis and management of congenital heart defects. Heart failure is a common final pathway for this diverse patient population, representing the leading cause of mortality in ACHD patients. Herein, we review present guideline-directed management of heart failure in ACHD patients. RECENT FINDINGS There exists a dearth of data to guide management of ACHD-related heart failure. Given this gap, recent guidelines have been limited in the recommendations they can provide for this patient population, with practitioners being consequently forced to generalize findings from studies of acquired heart disease patients based on mechanistic plausibility. The small number of studies directly assessing ACHD patients have been largely limited in their clinical relevance through being negative, small, observational, limited to specific subsets of ACHD patients or assessing nonvalidated outcomes. SUMMARY Despite the prevalence and impact of ACHD-related heart failure, there are limited evidence-based therapies for its management. Given the rising burden of this clinical problem, definitive trials assessing newer therapies are required to establish their potential role in heart failure amongst ACHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Lancini D, Smith C, Elkhateeb O, Sapp J, Parkash R. Leadless Micra pacemaker implantation in patient with previous Senning procedure for dextro-transposition of the great arteries. Acta Cardiol 2023; 78:357-361. [PMID: 36803008 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2023.2176043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Leadless pacemakers have been developed with key advantages over traditional transvenous pacemakers by substantially mitigating the risks of device infection and lead related complications, and providing an alternative pacing strategy in patients with barriers to superior venous access. The Medtronic Micra leadless pacing system is designed for implantation through a femoral venous approach across the tricuspid valve, via Nitinol tine fixation into the trabeculated subpulmonic right ventricle. Patients with surgically corrected dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) have an increased risk of pacing requirement. There is limited published experience of implantation of leadless Micra pacemakers in this population, with key challenges relating to trans-baffle access, and deployment of the device into the less trabeculated subpulmonic left ventricle. Here we describe a case report of leadless Micra implantation in a 49 year old male with d-TGA and Senning procedure in childhood, who required pacing for symptomatic sinus node disease, with anatomic barriers to transvenous pacing. Micra implantation was successfully performed following careful consideration of patient anatomy, including the utilisation of 3D modelling to guide the implantation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lancini
- Department of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Corey Smith
- Department of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Osama Elkhateeb
- Department of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - John Sapp
- Department of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ratika Parkash
- Department of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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39
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Le Bos PA, Pontailler M, Maltret A, Kraiche D, Gaudin R, Barbanti C, Marijon E, Raisky O, Bonnet D, Waldmann V. Epicardial vs. transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillators in children. Europace 2023; 25:961-968. [PMID: 36735263 PMCID: PMC10062323 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) has been increasingly used in children. Both epicardial and transvenous approaches are used, with controversy regarding the best option with no specific recommendations. We aimed to compare outcomes associated with epicardial vs. transvenous ICDs in children. METHODS AND RESULTS Data were analysed from a retrospective study including all patients <18-year-old implanted with an ICD in a tertiary centre from 2003 to 2021. Outcomes were compared between epicardial and transvenous ICDs. A total of 122 children with an ICD (mean age 11.5 ± 3.8 years, 57.4% males) were enrolled, with 84 (64.1%) epicardial ICDs and 38 (29.0%) transvenous ICDs. Early (<30 days) ICD-related complications were reported in 17 (20.2%) patients with an epicardial ICD vs. 0 (0.0%) with a transvenous ICD (P = 0.002). Over a mean follow-up of 4.8 ± 4.0 years, 25 (29.8%) patients with an epicardial ICD and 9 (23.7%) patients with a transvenous ICD experienced at least one late ICD-related complication [hazard ratio (HR) 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8-4.0]. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead dysfunction occurred in 19 (22.6%) patients with an epicardial ICD vs. 3 (7.9%) with a transvenous ICD (HR 5.7, 95% CI 1.3-24.5) and was associated with a higher incidence of ICD-related reintervention (HR 3.0, 95% CI 1.3-7.0). After considering potential confounders, especially age and weight at implantation, this association was no longer significant (P = 0.112). The freedom from ICD lead dysfunction was greater in patients with pleural coils than in those with epicardial coils (HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.15-0.96). CONCLUSION In children, after a consideration of patient characteristics at implantation, the burden of complications and ICD lead dysfunction appears to be similar in patients with epicardial and transvenous devices. Pleural coils seem to be associated with better outcomes than epicardial coils in this population. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05349162.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Antoine Le Bos
- M3C-Necker, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Margaux Pontailler
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Necker Hospital, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Alice Maltret
- M3C-Necker, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Diala Kraiche
- M3C-Necker, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Regis Gaudin
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Necker Hospital, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Claudio Barbanti
- Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia and Cardiopulmonary Unit, Necker Hospital, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Eloi Marijon
- Université de Paris Cité, INSERM, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.,Electrophysiology Unit, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Raisky
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Necker Hospital, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France.,Université de Paris Cité, INSERM, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Damien Bonnet
- M3C-Necker, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France.,Université de Paris Cité, INSERM, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.,Adult Congenital Heart Disease Medico-Surgical Unit, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Victor Waldmann
- M3C-Necker, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France.,Université de Paris Cité, INSERM, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.,Electrophysiology Unit, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.,Adult Congenital Heart Disease Medico-Surgical Unit, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
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40
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El-Medany A, Sunderland N, Dobson R, Stuart G, Nisbet A. Catheter ablation for supraventricular arrhythmias in adults with congenital heart disease: Recurrence rates and predictors of acute procedural success. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcchd.2023.100445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
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Sabbah BN, Arabi TZ, Shafqat A, Abdul Rab S, Razak A, Albert-Brotons DC. Heart failure in systemic right ventricle: Mechanisms and therapeutic options. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1064196. [PMID: 36704462 PMCID: PMC9871570 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1064196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
d-loop transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) and congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (cc-TGA) feature a right ventricle attempting to sustain the systemic circulation. A systemic right ventricle (sRV) cannot support cardiac output in the long run, eventually decompensating and causing heart failure. The burden of d-TGA patients with previous atrial switch repair and cc-TGA patients with heart failure will only increase in the coming years due to the aging adult congenital heart disease population and improvements in the management of advanced heart failure. Clinical data still lags behind in developing evidence-based guidelines for risk stratification and management of sRV patients, and clinical trials for heart failure in these patients are underrepresented. Recent studies have provided foundational data for the commencement of robust clinical trials in d-TGA and cc-TGA patients. Further insights into the multifactorial nature of sRV failure can only be provided by the results of such studies. This review discusses the mechanisms of heart failure in sRV patients with biventricular circulation and how these mediators may be targeted clinically to alleviate sRV failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Adhil Razak
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dimpna Calila Albert-Brotons
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Heart Failure and Heart Transplant, Heart Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ammar LA, Nassar JE, Bitar F, Arabi M. COVID-19 in Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2023; 2023:5561159. [PMID: 37114013 PMCID: PMC10129433 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5561159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most prevalent congenital defect in newborn infants. Due to the various types of heart abnormalities, CHD can have a wide range of symptoms. Cardiac lesions comprise a range of different types and accordingly varying severities. It is highly helpful to classify CHD into cyanotic and acyanotic heart diseases. In this review, we are investigating the course of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in cyanotic CHD patients. The infection may directly or indirectly affect the heart by affecting the respiratory system and other organs. The effect on the heart that is pressure- or volume-overloaded in the context of CHD is theoretically more severe. Patients with CHD are at a higher risk of mortality from COVID-19 infection or suffering worse complications. While the anatomic complexity of CHD does not seem to predict the severity of infection, patients with worse physiological stages are more susceptible such as cyanosis and pulmonary hypertension. Patients with CHD exhibit continuous hypoxemia and have lower oxygen saturations because of a right-to-left shunt. Such individuals run the danger of rapidly deteriorating in the event of respiratory tract infections with inadequate oxygenation. Additionally, these patients have a higher risk of paradoxical embolism. Hence, critical care should be given to cyanotic heart disease patients with COVID-19 in comparison to acyanotic patients and this is through proper management, close observation, and adequate medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama A Ammar
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Joseph E Nassar
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Fadi Bitar
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Mariam Arabi
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
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Chubb H, Mah D, Dubin AM, Moore J. Conduction system pacing in pediatric and congenital heart disease. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1154629. [PMID: 37035676 PMCID: PMC10080025 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1154629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Conduction system pacing (CSP) has evolved rapidly to become the pacing method of choice for many adults with structurally normal hearts. Studies in this population have repeatedly demonstrated superior hemodynamics and outcomes compared to conventional pacing with the recruitment of the native conduction system. Children and patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) are also likely to benefit from CSP but were excluded from original trials. However, very recent studies have begun to demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of CSP in these patients, with growing evidence that some outcomes may be superior in comparison to conventional pacing techniques. Concerns regarding the technical challenges and long-term lead parameters of His Bundle Pacing (HBP) have been overcome to many extents with the development of Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing (LBBAP), and both techniques are likely to play an important role in pediatric and CHD pacing in the future. This review aims to assimilate the latest developments in CSP and its application in children and CHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Chubb
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Henry Chubb,
| | - Douglas Mah
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anne M. Dubin
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Jeremy Moore
- Division of Cardiology, Ahmanson/UCLA Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Joye R, Beghetti M, Wacker J, Malaspinas I, Bouhabib M, Polito A, Bordessoule A, Shah DC. Early and Late Postoperative Tachyarrhythmias in Children and Young Adults Undergoing Congenital Heart Disease Surgery. Pediatr Cardiol 2023; 44:312-324. [PMID: 36517587 PMCID: PMC9894958 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-022-03074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The population of patients with congenital heart disease is constantly growing with an increasing number of individuals reaching adulthood. A significant proportion of these children and young adults will suffer from tachyarrhythmias due to the abnormal anatomy, the hemodynamic burden, or as a sequela of surgical treatment. Depending on the underlying mechanism, arrhythmias may arise in the early postoperative period (hours to days after surgery) or in the late postoperative period (usually years after surgery). A good understanding of the electrophysiological characteristics and pathophysiological mechanisms is therefore crucial to guide the therapeutic approach. Here, we synthesize the current state of knowledge on epidemiological features, risk factors, pathophysiological insights, electrophysiological features, and therapy regarding tachyarrhythmias in children and young adults undergoing reparative surgery for congenital heart disease. The evolution and latest data on treatment options, including pharmacological therapy, ablation procedures, device therapy decision, and thromboprophylaxis, are summarized. Finally, throughout this comprehensive review, knowledge gaps and areas for future research are also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Joye
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Woman, Child, and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Maurice Beghetti
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Woman, Child, and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julie Wacker
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Woman, Child, and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Iliona Malaspinas
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Woman, Child, and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maya Bouhabib
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Woman, Child, and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Angelo Polito
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Woman, Child, and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alice Bordessoule
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Woman, Child, and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dipen C Shah
- Electrophysiology Unit, Cardiology Division, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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Management of Heart Failure With Arrhythmia in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 80:2224-2238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Graziani F, Iannaccone G, Meucci MC, Lillo R, Delogu AB, Grandinetti M, Perri G, Galletti L, Amodeo A, Butera G, Secinaro A, Lombardo A, Lanza GA, Burzotta F, Crea F, Massetti M. Impact of severe valvular heart disease in adult congenital heart disease patients. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:983308. [DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.983308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe clinical impact of valvular heart disease (VHD) in adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients is unascertained. Aim of our study was to assess the prevalence and clinical impact of severe VHD (S-VHD) in a real-world contemporary cohort of ACHD patients.Materials and methodsConsecutive patients followed-up at our ACHD Outpatient Clinic from September 2014 to February 2021 were enrolled. Clinical characteristics and echocardiographic data were prospectively entered into a digitalized medical records database. VHD at the first evaluation was assessed and graded according to VHD guidelines. Clinical data at follow-up were collected. The study endpoint was the occurrence of cardiac mortality and/or unplanned cardiac hospitalization during follow-up.ResultsA total of 390 patients (median age 34 years, 49% males) were included and S-VHD was present in 101 (25.9%) patients. Over a median follow-up time of 26 months (IQR: 12–48), the study composite endpoint occurred in 76 patients (19.5%). The cumulative endpoint-free survival was significantly lower in patients with S-VHD vs. patients with non-severe VHD (Log rank p < 0.001). At multivariable analysis, age and atrial fibrillation at first visit (p = 0.029 and p = 0.006 respectively), lower %Sat O2, higher NYHA class (p = 0.005 for both), lower LVEF (p = 0.008), and S-VHD (p = 0.015) were independently associated to the study endpoint. The likelihood ratio test demonstrated that S-VHD added significant prognostic value (p = 0.017) to a multivariate model including age, severe CHD, atrial fibrillation, %Sat O2, NYHA, LVEF, and right ventricle systolic pressure > 45 mmHg.ConclusionIn ACHD patients, the presence of S-VHD is independently associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization. The prognostic value of S-VHD is incremental above other established prognostic markers.
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Prevalence and Treatment Outcomes of Arrhythmias in Patients with Single Ventricle Physiology over the Age of 40 Years. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11216568. [PMID: 36362800 PMCID: PMC9659068 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Arrhythmias are a well known complication in patients with single ventricle physiology (SVP). However, there is still a lack of data regarding arrhythmias in older patients. The aim of this study was to analyze arrhythmia type and frequency, treatment and recurrence rates in patients with SVP over the age of 40 years. Methods: Data was obtained retrospectively from clinical records. All patients > 40 years with SVP with arrhythmias between 2005 and 2018 were included in the study. Treatment was classified as medical, interventional (electrophysiological studies (EPS) in combination with catheter ablation) or direct current cardioversion (DCCV). Results: Altogether, 29 patients (11 female; mean 47.5 ± 4.6 years) with 85 arrhythmia episodes were identified. The median follow-up time was 6.3 years. Cavo-tricuspid (CTI) and non-CTI related intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia (IART) and atrial fibrillation (AF) were most common (48.2% and 37.6%, respectively). In total, 18 EPS/ablations were performed in 9 patients and 52 DCCVs in 20 patients. Acute success was 98% for DCCV and 72.2% for EPS/ablation. Recurrence rate was high (70% for DCCV and 55% for EPS). AT recurrences occurred after a median of 8 and 2.5 months, respectively. On multivariate analyses, age was the only risk factor for arrhythmia recurrence (HR 0.58, 95% C.I. 0.43−0.78, p < 0.0001). Pacemaker implantation was necessary in seven patients (AV block n = 4, sinus node dysfunction n = 3) and one patient received an ICD for secondary prophylaxis. Sudden death occurred in three patients. Conclusions: The most common arrhythmias in patients with SVP > 40 years are IART and AF. Arrhythmia recurrence following EPS or DCCV is frequent. Older age is an independent risk factor for arrhythmia recurrence.
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Ramandi MMA, Santangeli P. Combining Leadless Pacemaker With a Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: With Self-Discipline Most Anything Is Possible. JACC Case Rep 2022; 4:101639. [PMID: 36507925 PMCID: PMC9730149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pasquale Santangeli
- Section of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA,Address for correspondence: Dr Pasquale Santangeli, Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, J2-2, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
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Association of Health Status Metrics with Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Adult Congenital Heart Disease and Atrial Arrhythmias. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11206181. [PMID: 36294501 PMCID: PMC9605619 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic value of health status metrics in patients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) and atrial arrhythmias is unclear. In this retrospective cohort study of an ongoing national, multicenter registry (PROTECT-AR, NCT03854149), ACHD patients with atrial arrhythmias on apixaban are included. At baseline, health metrics were assessed using the physical component summary (PCS), the mental component summary (MCS) of the Short-Form-36 (SF-36) Health Survey, and the modified European Heart Rhythm Association (mEHRA) score. Patients were divided into groups according to their SF-36 PCS and MCS scores, using the normalized population mean of 50 on the PCS and MCS as a threshold. The primary outcome was the composite of mortality from any cause, major thromboembolic events, major/clinically relevant non-major bleedings, or hospitalizations. Multivariable Cox-regression analyses using clinically relevant parameters (age greater than 60 years, anatomic complexity, ejection fraction of the systemic ventricle, and CHA₂DS₂-VASc and HAS-BLED scores) were performed to examine the association of health metrics with the composite outcome. Over a median follow-up period of 20 months, the composite outcome occurred in 50 of 158 (32%) patients. The risk of the outcome was significantly higher in patients with SF-36 PCS ≤ 50 compared with those with PCS > 50 (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02−3.84; p = 0.04) after adjusting for possible confounders. The SF-36 MCS ≤ 50 was not associated with the outcome. The mEHRA score was incrementally associated with a higher risk of the composite outcome (aHR = 1.44 per 1 unit increase in score; 95% CI, 1.03−2.00; p = 0.03) in multivariable analysis. In ACHD patients with atrial arrhythmias, the SF-36 PCS ≤ 50 and mEHRA scores predicted an increased risk of adverse events.
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50
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Sinning C, Huntgeburth M, Fukushima N, Tompkins R, Huh J, Tataneo S, Diller GP, Chen YS, Zengin E, Magnussen C, Kaemmerer AS, Cho YH, Blankenberg S, Rickers C, Harig F, Weyand M, Hübler M, von Kodolitsch Y, Oto Ö, Zuckermann A, Kirchhof P, Baumgartner H, Reichenspurner H, Kobashigawa J, Kaemmerer H, Niwa K. Treatment of advanced heart failure in adults with congenital heart disease: a narrative review and clinical cases. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2022; 12:727-743. [PMID: 36329959 PMCID: PMC9622410 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-22-230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The number of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) is increasing worldwide. Almost all congenital cardiac lesions can be successfully treated due to the progress in neonatal surgery and pediatric cardiology with a high likelihood of surviving until adulthood. However, ACHD frequently develop sequelae related to the initial cardiac anomaly. Heart failure (HF) is one of the most common complications associated with a high morbidity and mortality. METHODS The authors did search the PubMed database regarding relevant content covering publications up to March 2022. Relevant manuscripts were classified according to the impact factor of the journal, being a guideline manuscript, a position paper by a society or a comprehensive review of the current literature. KEY CONTENT AND FINDINGS Optimal HF treatment remains an unmet need in ACHD. In particular, advanced HF therapy with cardiac resynchronization therapy, ventricular assist devices or organ transplantation is still very different and more specific in ACHD compared to non-ACHD. This review aims to compile international views and evidence from the literatures on the treatment of advanced HF in ACHD. Current challenges, but also the success of different treatment strategies in ACHD are illustrated by clinical cases. CONCLUSIONS The main finding of the review is that data is still scarce regarding ACHD with advanced HF and international efforts to collect data regarding these patients needed to improve the current standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Sinning
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Huntgeburth
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Norihide Fukushima
- Department of Transplant Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rose Tompkins
- The Guerin Family Congenital Heart Program, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - June Huh
- Department of Pediatrics, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shigeru Tataneo
- Section of Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Chiba Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Ichihara, Chiba, Japan
| | - Gerhard-Paul Diller
- Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Germany
| | - Yih-Sharng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Elvin Zengin
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Magnussen
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ann-Sophie Kaemmerer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany
| | - Yang Hyun Cho
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Carsten Rickers
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Section, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Harig
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany
| | - Michael Weyand
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hübler
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yskert von Kodolitsch
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Öztekin Oto
- Dokuz Eylul University Hospital air Esref Cad, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Andreas Zuckermann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovacsular Sciences and SWBH and UHB NHS Trusts, Birmingham, UK
| | - Helmut Baumgartner
- Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Germany
| | - Hermann Reichenspurner
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jon Kobashigawa
- Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Harald Kaemmerer
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Koichiro Niwa
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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