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Verma R, Dhingra NK, Connelly KA. Obesity/cardiometabolic phenotype of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: mechanisms to recent trials. Curr Opin Cardiol 2024; 39:92-97. [PMID: 38294186 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000001113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a leading and growing cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Of the various phenotypes identified, the obesity (or cardiometabolic) phenotype appears to be most common. The purpose of this review is to provide the clinician with an abridged understanding of recent developments that have elucidated obesity/visceral adiposity as a central mechanism linking inflammation/immune dysregulation to the development of the HFpEF syndrome. Recent clinical trials examining the efficacy of pharmacological treatments that target obesity in HFpEF will also be discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Recent data indicate that visceral adiposity and insulin resistance in HFpEF serve as key mechanisms driving inflammation and immune dysregulation, which play a critical role in the development of cardiac stiffness, diastolic dysfunction and fibrosis in HFpEF. In obesity, alterations in macrophage polarization, changes in innate and adaptive immune systems and altered myocardial energetics promote metabolic inflammation in HFpEF. Finally, emerging data suggest that inflammatory biomarkers, specifically, IL-6, may provide useful information about HFpEF severity and symptom burden in obesity. SUMMARY The obesity phenotype of HFpEF is seen in upward of 80% with HFpEF. Obesity is not just a bystander, but plays an essential role in the pathobiology and clinical course of HFpEF. Targeting overweight/obesity in HFpEF with GLP-1 receptor agonists holds promise in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Verma
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Kim A Connelly
- Division of Cardiology, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Dhingra NK, Verma S, Butler J, Anker SD, Ferreira JP, Filippatos G, Januzzi JL, Lam CSP, Sattar N, Zaremba-Pechmann L, Böhm M, Nordaby M, Brueckmann M, Pocock SJ, Zannad F, Packer M. Efficacy and Safety of Empagliflozin According to Background Diuretic Use in HFrEF: Post-Hoc Analysis of EMPEROR-Reduced. JACC Heart Fail 2024; 12:35-46. [PMID: 37715769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2023.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EMPEROR-Reduced (EMPagliflozin outcomE tRial in Patients With chrOnic heaRt Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction) trial established the efficacy of empagliflozin in reducing heart failure (HF) outcomes among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). OBJECTIVES The authors examined the outcomes of EMPEROR-Reduced as a function of background diuretic therapy. METHODS The EMPEROR-Reduced trial was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial of placebo vs empagliflozin 10 mg among 3,730 HFrEF patients. Herein, the population was stratified into 4 groups: no diuretic and diuretic dose equivalent to furosemide <40, 40, and >40 mg daily at baseline. RESULTS A total of 3,656 patients from the EMPEROR-Reduced trial were available for analysis. Of those patients, 482 (13.2%) were receiving no diuretic therapy, and 731 (20.0%), 1,411 (38.6%), and 1,032 (28.2%) were receiving <40 mg, 40 mg, and >40 mg, respectively. The efficacy of empagliflozin on the primary outcome (time to first event of hospitalization for HF or cardiovascular [CV] death) was consistent regardless of background diuretic therapy (>40 mg: HR: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.71-1.10]; 40 mg: HR: 0.65 [95% CI: 0.51-0.82]; <40 mg: HR: 0.65 [95% CI: 0.46-0.92]); no diuretic agents: HR: 0.78 [95% CI: 0.47-1.29]; Ptrend test = 0.192). Baseline diuretic doses did not influence the effect of empagliflozin on body weight, systolic blood pressure, NT-proBNP, or hematocrit at 52 weeks. The safety profile of empagliflozin vs placebo was unaffected by baseline diuretic dose; however, independently of treatment allocation, total rates of adverse events were higher among patients with higher baseline doses of diuretic agents. CONCLUSIONS Empagliflozin exhibits a consistent effect on time to CV death or HF hospitalization and an unaltered safety profile regardless of baseline diuretic therapy. (EMPagliflozin outcomE tRial in Patients With chrOnic heaRt Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction [EMPEROR-Reduced]; NCT03057977).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish K Dhingra
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Javed Butler
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA; University of Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology of German Heart Center Charité, Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joao Pedro Ferreira
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 14-33, Nancy, France; Inserm U1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Nancy, France; UnIC@RISE, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Heart Failure Clinic, Internal Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece
| | - James L Januzzi
- Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michael Böhm
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Matias Nordaby
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Martina Brueckmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany; First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stuart J Pocock
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 14-33, Nancy, France; Inserm U1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Nancy, France
| | - Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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Hibino M, Halkos ME, Murphy DA, Dhingra NK, Verma R, Hibino H, Aune D, Yanagawa B, Bhatt DL, Verma S. Age period cohort analysis of rheumatic heart disease in high-income countries. Clin Res Cardiol 2023; 112:1568-1576. [PMID: 36820872 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-023-02168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatic heart disease is considered well-controlled in high-income countries; however, its actual trends in mortality remain unclarified. We analyzed trends in mortality from rheumatic heart disease in association with age, period, and birth cohort. METHODS We analyzed the WHO mortality database to determine trends in mortality from rheumatic heart disease in the UK, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Australia, USA, and Canada from 2000 to 2020. We used age-cohort-period modeling to estimate cohort and period effects. Net drift (overall annual percentage change), local drift (annual percentage change in each age group) and heterogeneity were calculated. RESULTS In the most recent year, crude mortality rates and age-standardized mortality rates ranged from 1.10 in the USA to 6.17 in Germany, and 0.32 (95% CI 0.31-0.34) in Japan and 1.70 (95% CI 1.65-1.75) in Germany, respectively. During the observation period, while Germany had a constant trend in overall annual percentage change, all the other countries had significant decreasing trends (p < 0.0001, respectively). Annual percent change was not homogeneous across each group in all 8 countries (pheterogeneity < 0.0001), with 2 peaks in the younger and older age categories. In Germany, Italy, Australia, and Canada, we found increasing mortality rates among older patients. Improving period and cohort risks for rheumatic heart disease mortality were generally observed, excluding Germany where the period effect was worsening and the cohort effect was constant. CONCLUSIONS Mortality trends from rheumatic heart disease were decreasing in the study high-income countries except for Germany where higher mortality and two peaks in annual percentage change in younger and older age groups warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hibino
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Rd., Suite A2202, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 8th Floor, Bond Wing, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.
| | - Michael E Halkos
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Rd., Suite A2202, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Douglas A Murphy
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Rd., Suite A2202, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Nitish K Dhingra
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 8th Floor, Bond Wing, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Raj Verma
- Royal College of Surgeon in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hiromi Hibino
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Nutrition, Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bobby Yanagawa
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 8th Floor, Bond Wing, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart & Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 8th Floor, Bond Wing, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Verma S, Borlaug BA, Butler J, Davies MJ, Kitzman DW, Petrie MC, Shah SJ, Dhingra NK, Kosiborod MN. A big STEP for treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1681-1687. [PMID: 37643614 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In the STEP-HFpEF trial, 2.4 mg semaglutide produced marked improvements in heart failure-related symptoms, physical limitations, and exercise function, and reduced inflammation and body weight in individuals with obesity HFpEF phenotype. These data usher in a new paradigm of targeting obesity as a therapeutic strategy in HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Barry A Borlaug
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Javed Butler
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Melanie J Davies
- Leicester Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Leicester National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Dalane W Kitzman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sections of Cardiovascular Medicine and Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mark C Petrie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nitish K Dhingra
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mikhail N Kosiborod
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA.
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Verma S, Dhingra NK, Bonaca MP, Butler J, Anker SD, Ferreira JP, Filippatos G, Januzzi JL, Lam CSP, Sattar N, Iwata T, Nordaby M, Brueckmann M, Pocock SJ, Packer M. Presence of Peripheral Artery Disease Is Associated With Increased Risk of Heart Failure Events: Insights From EMPEROR-Pooled. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023. [PMID: 37199158 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada (S.V., N.K.D.)
| | - Nitish K Dhingra
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada (S.V., N.K.D.)
| | - Marc P Bonaca
- Division of Cardiology, CPC Clinical Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (M.P.B.)
| | - Javed Butler
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX (J.B.)
- University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.)
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology of German Heart Center Charité, Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Germany (S.D.A.)
| | - Joao Pedro Ferreira
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques, Plurithématique 14-33, and Inserm U1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Nancy, France (J.P.F.)
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, UnIC@RISE, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Portugal (J.P.F.)
- Internal Medicine Department, Heart Failure Clinic, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal (J.P.F.)
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Greece (G.F.)
| | - James L Januzzi
- Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.)
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-NUS Medical School (C.S.P.L.)
| | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom (N.S.)
| | - Tomoko Iwata
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Biberach, Germany (T.I.)
| | - Matias Nordaby
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Germany (M.N., M.B.)
| | - Martina Brueckmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Germany (M.N., M.B.)
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Stuart J Pocock
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.J.P.)
| | - Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (M.P.)
- Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (M.P.)
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Verma S, Bhatt DL, Dhingra NK, Steg PG, Szarek M, Davies M, Metra M, Lund LH, Pitt B. Time to Benefit With Sotagliflozin in Patients With Worsening Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 81:1546-1549. [PMID: 37045523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
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Pandey AK, Dhingra NK, Pandey A, Puar P, Ahmed S, Verma R, Mazer CD, Butler J, Badiwala M, Yau TM, Yanagawa B, Bhatt DL, Verma S. Efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors for heart failure in black patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Heart Fail 2023; 25:591-593. [PMID: 36919580 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arjun K Pandey
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nitish K Dhingra
- Temetry Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Avinash Pandey
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pankaj Puar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shamon Ahmed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Raj Verma
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Javed Butler
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA.,University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Mitesh Badiwala
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Terrence M Yau
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bobby Yanagawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Health System, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Dhingra NK, Mazer CD, Connelly KA, Verma S. Chronic heart failure management in adult patients with congenital heart disease. Curr Opin Cardiol 2023; 38:82-87. [PMID: 36656602 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000001011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A growing number of adult patients with congenital heart disease (ACHD) are entering the healthcare system as a result of advances in the diagnosis and management of congenital heart defects. Heart failure is a common final pathway for this diverse patient population, representing the leading cause of mortality in ACHD patients. Herein, we review present guideline-directed management of heart failure in ACHD patients. RECENT FINDINGS There exists a dearth of data to guide management of ACHD-related heart failure. Given this gap, recent guidelines have been limited in the recommendations they can provide for this patient population, with practitioners being consequently forced to generalize findings from studies of acquired heart disease patients based on mechanistic plausibility. The small number of studies directly assessing ACHD patients have been largely limited in their clinical relevance through being negative, small, observational, limited to specific subsets of ACHD patients or assessing nonvalidated outcomes. SUMMARY Despite the prevalence and impact of ACHD-related heart failure, there are limited evidence-based therapies for its management. Given the rising burden of this clinical problem, definitive trials assessing newer therapies are required to establish their potential role in heart failure amongst ACHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hibino M, Pandey AK, Chan V, Mazer CD, Rumman R, Dhingra NK, Bonneau C, Verma R, Yokoyama Y, Quan A, Teoh H, Cheema A, de Varennes BE, Yanagawa B, Leong-Poi H, Connelly KA, Bisleri G, Verma S. Risk Factors for Postrepair Elevated Mitral Gradient: A Post-hoc Analysis of a Randomized Trial. Ann Thorac Surg 2023; 115:437-443. [PMID: 35779599 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2022.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predischarge elevated mean mitral gradients (>5 mm Hg) may occur after repair for degenerative mitral regurgitation. We sought to identify risk factors associated with elevated gradients and to evaluate its impact on functional outcomes at 12 months in this subanalysis of the Canadian Mitral Research Alliance CardioLink-2 trial. METHODS One hundred four patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation undergoing mitral repair were randomized to either a leaflet resection or preservation strategy. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with an elevated gradient. Functional outcomes at 12 months were compared between participants with and without elevated gradients. RESULTS Elevated gradients was identified in 15 participants (14.4%), which was not significantly different based on allocation to each repair strategy (P = .10). Patients with elevated gradients were more likely to be women (odds ratio [OR], 4.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-14.19; P = .02) and to have a lower preoperative hemoglobin level (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89-0.98; P = .01) and smaller intercommissural diameter (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76-0.97; P = .02) and mitral annuloplasty size (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57-0.87; P = .001). The ratio of intercommissural diameter-to-annuloplasty size was similar between those with and without elevated gradients (both 0.8 ± 0.1, P = .69). At 12 months those with elevated gradients had a worse New York Heart Association functional status (P = .0001), lower peak oxygen saturation in exercise test (P = .01), smaller body weight-walk distance product (P = .02), and higher Borg scale (P = .01) in the 6-minute walk test. CONCLUSIONS Female gender, smaller mitral anatomy sizes, and lower preoperative hemoglobin levels were associated with postoperative elevated mitral gradients, which was in turn were associated with reduced functional status. Further research is warranted to investigate these potential risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hibino
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arjun K Pandey
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincent Chan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rawan Rumman
- Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nitish K Dhingra
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Raj Verma
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yujiro Yokoyama
- Department of Surgery, St Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Asim Cheema
- Division of Cardiology, Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benoit E de Varennes
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bobby Yanagawa
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Howard Leong-Poi
- Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gianluigi Bisleri
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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10
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Verma S, Dhingra NK, Butler J, Anker SD, Pedro Ferreira J, Filippatos G, Januzzi JL, Lam CSP, Sattar N, Pfarr E, Nordaby M, Brueckmann M, Pocock SJ, Zannad F, Packer M. Empagliflozin in Black Versus White Patients With Heart Failure: Analysis of EMPEROR-Pooled. Circulation 2023; 147:101-104. [PMID: 36342827 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.062644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada (S.V., N.K.D.)
| | - Nitish K Dhingra
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada (S.V., N.K.D.)
| | - Javed Butler
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX (J.B.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.)
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Germany (S.D.A.)
| | - João Pedro Ferreira
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques, and Inserm U1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Nancy, France (J.P.F., F.Z.)
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.)
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Greece (G.F.)
| | - James L Januzzi
- Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.)
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-NUS Medical School (C.S.P.L.)
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK (N.S.)
| | - Egon Pfarr
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim, Germany (E.P.)
| | - Matias Nordaby
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany (M.N., M.B.)
| | - Martina Brueckmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany (M.N., M.B.)
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Stuart J Pocock
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.J.P.)
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques, and Inserm U1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Nancy, France (J.P.F., F.Z.)
| | - Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (M.P.)
- Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (M.P.)
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11
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Hibino M, Dhingra NK, Verma R, Yanagawa B. Cardiopulmonary bypass and cardiac surgery associated pulmonary hypertension: The need for proactivity and reactivity. J Card Surg 2022; 37:5288-5289. [PMID: 36378848 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.17161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension remains an important postcardiac surgical problem requiring prompt identification and management. In this edition of the Journal of Cardiac Surgery, Fayad and colleagues provide a detailed review of this topic, including epidemiology, mechanistic underpinnings, and available treatment options. In addition to responding to postoperative pulmonary hypertension, however, proactive measures including optimal timing of intervention are paramount to preventing the development of pulmonary hypertension and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hibino
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nitish K Dhingra
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raj Verma
- Royal College of Surgeon in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bobby Yanagawa
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Hibino M, Dhingra NK, Chan V, Mazer CD, Teoh H, Quan A, Verma R, Leong-Poi H, Bisleri G, Connelly KA, Verma S. Stage-based approach to predict left ventricular reverse remodeling after mitral repair. Clin Cardiol 2022; 45:921-927. [PMID: 35748086 PMCID: PMC9451668 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although predictors of reverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling postmitral valve repair are critical for guiding perioperative decision‐making, there remains a paucity of randomized, prospective data to support the criteria that potential predictor variables must meet. Methods and Results The CAMRA CardioLink‐2 randomized trial allocated 104 patients to either leaflet resection or preservation strategies for mitral repair. The correlation of indexed left ventricular end‐systolic volume (LVESVI), indexed left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (LVEDVI), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were tested with univariate analysis and subsequently with multivariate analysis to determine independent predictors of reverse remodeling at discharge and at 12 months postoperatively. At discharge, both LVESVI and LVEDVI were independently associated with their preoperative values (p < .001 for both) and LVEF by preoperative LVESVI (p < .001). Mitral ring size was favorably associated with the change in LVESVI (p < .05) and LVEF (p < .01) from predischarge to 12 months, while the mean mitral valve gradient after repair was adversely associated with the change in LVESVI (p < .05) and LVEDVI (p < .05). No significant associations were found between reverse remodeling and coaptation height nor mitral repair technique. Conclusions Beyond confirming the lack of impact of mitral repair technique on reverse remodeling, this investigation suggests that recommending surgery before significant LV dilatation or dysfunction, as well as higher postoperative mitral valve hemodynamic performance, may enhance remodeling capacity following mitral repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hibino
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nitish K Dhingra
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincent Chan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raj Verma
- Royal College of Surgeon Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Howard Leong-Poi
- Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gianluigi Bisleri
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nitish K Dhingra
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Arjun K Pandey
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Dhingra NK, Li A, Lee G, Kou R, Tam DY, Bisleri G, Yanagawa B. Reverse Fragility Index in Negative Cardiac Procedural Randomized Controlled Trials. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 35:493-496. [PMID: 35644514 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitish K Dhingra
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allen Li
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grace Lee
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger Kou
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Derrick Y Tam
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gianluigi Bisleri
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bobby Yanagawa
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada..
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15
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Dhingra NK, Verma S, Yanagawa B, Hibino M. Aortic valve neocuspidization and its technical nuance. J Card Surg 2022; 37:2475-2476. [PMID: 35535024 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.16604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aortic valve neocuspidization or Ozaki procedure represents an advanced surgical strategy for the management of patients with aortic valvulopathy. It has been shown to have clinical and hemodynamic outcomes that compare favorably with aortic valve replacement as it restores physiological aortic valve function and left ventricular remodeling. There are, however, a new set of issues including structural valve deterioration, leaflet tear/perforation, and need for reoperation. A keen understanding of the technical nuances involved with the Ozaki procedure may help in reducing the incidence of such adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish K Dhingra
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bobby Yanagawa
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Makoto Hibino
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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16
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Hibino M, Dhingra NK, Verma R, Yanagawa B, Bisleri G, Verma S. An Arrow Through the Heart. J Invasive Cardiol 2022; 34:E414-E415. [PMID: 35501114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A 54-year-old man suffered a self-inflicted penetrating chest wound from an automated crossbow used for hunting large animals. The arrow was in the plane of the diaphragm and penetrated the left ventricle, although no hemopericardium, hemothorax, or pneumothorax were identified. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography showed no significant mitral regurgitation despite the proximity of the arrow to the base of a papillary muscle. This case details his subsequent successful treatment with the assistance of cardiopulmonary bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Subodh Verma
- St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada. subodh.
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17
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Dhingra NK, Verma S, Yanagawa B, Hibino M. Complete transcatheter versus complete surgical management for combined aortic stenosis and coronary artery disease: A false dichotomy? J Card Surg 2022; 37:2084-2085. [DOI: 10.1111/jocs.16531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitish K. Dhingra
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Bobby Yanagawa
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Makoto Hibino
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland Ohio USA
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18
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Fatima R, Dhingra NK, Ribeiro R, Bisleri G, Yanagawa B. Routine left atrial appendage occlusion in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a narrative review. Curr Opin Cardiol 2022; 37:165-172. [PMID: 34723850 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW New evidence suggests a greater prevalence of protracted postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) than previously recognized. The left atrial appendage (LAA) is the most common source of embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. In this review, we ask whether there is evidence to support routine LAA occlusion (LAAO) in patients without preexisting atrial fibrillation undergoing cardiac surgery. RECENT FINDINGS Overall, available studies are small, inconsistent and have varying proportions of patients with and without preexisting atrial fibrillation. There is considerable discrepancy with respect to the efficacy of LAAO in reducing the risk of POAF-related stroke. Only one study reported a lower rate of stroke in the LAAO group compared with no LAAO. Two studies included a subgroup analysis of patients that developed POAF and report a significantly higher rate of stroke in patients that developed POAF and did not undergo LAAO. There are three clinical trials ongoing that are investigating prophylactic LAAO in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: ATLAS, LAA-CLOSURE and LAACS-2. SUMMARY There is currently insufficient evidence to recommend routine addition of LAAO to lower the risk of postoperative stroke. Ongoing clinical trials will provide important insight into the role of routine LAAO in all patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubab Fatima
- Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston
| | - Nitish K Dhingra
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roberto Ribeiro
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gianluigi Bisleri
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bobby Yanagawa
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Pandey AK, Dhingra NK, Hibino M, Gupta V, Verma S. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction: a meta-analysis. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:942-946. [PMID: 35112512 PMCID: PMC8934917 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been shown to be an effective therapy in improving heart failure outcomes. We conducted a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure patients with either a reduced or preserved ejection fraction. Methods and results We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for large (≥1000 patients) randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors compared with placebo in the setting of heart failure until September 2021. Our primary outcome was the composite of heart failure hospitalization and cardiovascular death, and secondary outcomes included all‐cause mortality and total heart failure hospitalizations. We pooled hazard ratios and risk ratios and evaluated risk of bias with the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Four randomized controlled trials (DAPA HF, EMPEROR‐Preserved, EMPEROR‐Reduced, and SOLOIST‐WHF) were included (n = 15 684); two of which evaluated patients with a reduced LVEF, one of which evaluated patients with a preserved LVEF, and one of which included both. Treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors resulted in a significant reduction in the composite of CV death and heart failure hospitalization (HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.82, I2: 0%, P < 0.00001). This was consistent in sub‐groups of patients with LVEF ≤40% (n = 9199, HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.81, I2: 0%) and LVEF >40% (n = 6482, HR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.89, I2: 0%, P‐for‐interaction: 0.57), as well as in sub‐groups of patients with and without diabetes mellitus at baseline (P‐for‐interaction: 0.81). SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a significant reduction in cardiovascular death (HR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.97, I2: 0%, P < 0.00001) and total heart failure hospitalization (RR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.76, I2: 0%, P < 0.00001); although a potential trend towards reduced all‐cause mortality was noted with SGLT2 inhibitors, no statistically significant difference was observed (HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.00, I2: 14%, P = 0.05). Conclusions Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors reduce cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalization among patients with heart failure, regardless of LVEF status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun K Pandey
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nitish K Dhingra
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Makoto Hibino
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vijay Gupta
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Keenan Research Center in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Verma S, Dhingra NK, Butler J, Anker SD, Ferreira JP, Filippatos G, Januzzi JL, Lam CSP, Sattar N, Peil B, Nordaby M, Brueckmann M, Pocock SJ, Zannad F, Packer M. Empagliflozin in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in addition to background therapies and therapeutic combinations (EMPEROR-Reduced): a post-hoc analysis of a randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2022; 10:35-45. [PMID: 34861154 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to evaluate whether a new treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) provides additive benefit to background foundational treatments. As such, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in patients with HFrEF in addition to baseline treatment with specific doses and combinations of disease-modifying therapies. METHODS We performed a post-hoc analysis of the EMPEROR-Reduced randomised, double-blind, parallel-group trial, which took place in 520 centres (hospitals and medical clinics) in 20 countries in Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. Patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification II-IV with an ejection fraction of 40% or less were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive the addition of either oral empagliflozin 10 mg per day or placebo to background therapy. The primary composite outcome was cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalisation; the secondary outcome was total heart failure hospital admissions. An extended composite outcome consisted of inpatient and outpatient HFrEF events was also evaluated. Outcomes were analysed according to background use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) or angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs), as well as β blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) at less than 50% or 50% or more of target doses and in various combinations. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03057977. FINDINGS In this post-hoc analysis of 3730 patients (mean age 66·8 years [SD 11·0], 893 [23·9%] women; 1863 [49·9%] in the empagliflozin group, 1867 [50·1%] in the placebo group) assessed between March 6, 2017, and May 28, 2020, empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary outcome (361 in 1863 participants in the empagliflozin group and 462 of 1867 in the placebo group; HR 0·75 [95% CI 0·65-0·86]) regardless of background therapy or its target doses for ACE inhibitors or ARBs at doses of less than 50% of the target dose (HR 0·85 [0·69-1·06]) and for doses of 50% or more of the target dose (HR 0·67 [0·52-0·88]; pinteraction=0·18). A similar result was seen for β blockers at doses of less than 50% of the target dose (HR 0·66 [0·54-0·80]) and for doses of 50% or more of the target dose (HR 0·81 [0·66-1·00]; pinteraction=0·15). Empagliflozin also reduced the risk of the primary outcome irrespective of background use of triple therapy with an ACE inhibitor, ARB, or ARNI plus β blocker plus MRA (given combination HR 0·73 [0·61-0·88]; not given combination HR 0·76 [0·62-0·94]; pinteraction=0·77). Similar patterns of benefit were observed for the secondary and extended composite outcomes. Empagliflozin was well tolerated and rates of hypotension, symptomatic hypotension, and hyperkalaemia were similar across all subgroups. INTERPRETATION Empagliflozin reduced serious heart failure outcomes across doses and combinations of disease-modifying therapies for HFrEF. Clinically, these data suggest that empagliflozin might be considered as a foundational therapy in patients with HFrEF regardless of their existing background therapy. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly and Company.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Nitish K Dhingra
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joao Pedro Ferreira
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, Université de Lorraine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 1116, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network, Investigation Network Initiative- Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Nancy, France; Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece
| | - James L Januzzi
- Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke- National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Martina Brueckmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim, Germany; Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stuart J Pocock
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, Université de Lorraine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 1116, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network, Investigation Network Initiative- Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Nancy, France
| | - Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Imperial College London, London, UK
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21
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Mazine A, Dhingra NK, Chu MWA, El-Hamamsy I, Peterson MD. Aortic Arch Replacement: How I Teach It. Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 113:1787-1793. [PMID: 34929142 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amine Mazine
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nitish K Dhingra
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael W A Chu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ismail El-Hamamsy
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark D Peterson
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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22
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Verma S, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M, Brinton EA, Jacobson TA, Dhingra NK, Ketchum SB, Juliano RA, Jiao L, Doyle RT, Granowitz C, Gibson CM, Pinto D, Giugliano RP, Budoff MJ, Mason RP, Tardif JC, Ballantyne CM. Icosapent Ethyl Reduces Ischemic Events in Patients With a History of Previous Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: REDUCE-IT CABG. Circulation 2021; 144:1845-1855. [PMID: 34710343 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.056290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in surgery and pharmacotherapy, there remains significant residual ischemic risk after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. METHODS In REDUCE-IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events With Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial), a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, statin-treated patients with controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and mild to moderate hypertriglyceridemia were randomized to 4 g daily of icosapent ethyl or placebo. They experienced a 25% reduction in risk of a primary efficacy end point (composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina) and a 26% reduction in risk of a key secondary efficacy end point (composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) when compared with placebo. The current analysis reports on the subgroup of patients from the trial with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting. RESULTS Of the 8179 patients randomized in REDUCE-IT, a total of 1837 (22.5%) had a history of coronary artery bypass grafting, with 897 patients randomized to icosapent ethyl and 940 to placebo. Baseline characteristics were similar between treatment groups. Randomization to icosapent ethyl was associated with a significant reduction in the primary end point (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76 [95% CI, 0.63-0.92]; P=0.004), in the key secondary end point (HR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.56-0.87]; P=0.001), and in total (first plus subsequent or recurrent) ischemic events (rate ratio, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.50-0.81]; P=0.0002) compared with placebo. This yielded an absolute risk reduction of 6.2% (95% CI, 2.3%-10.2%) in first events, with a number needed to treat of 16 (95% CI, 10-44) during a median follow-up time of 4.8 years. Safety findings were similar to the overall study: beyond an increased rate of atrial fibrillation/flutter requiring hospitalization for at least 24 hours (5.0% vs 3.1%; P=0.03) and a nonsignificant increase in bleeding, occurrences of adverse events were comparable between groups. CONCLUSIONS In REDUCE-IT patients with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting, treatment with icosapent ethyl was associated with significant reductions in first and recurrent ischemic events. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01492361.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Verma
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada (J-C.T.)
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B., R.P.G.)
| | - Ph Gabriel Steg
- Université de Paris, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U-1148, Paris, France (P.G.S.)
| | - Michael Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.M.)
| | | | - Terry A Jacobson
- Office of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (T.A.J.)
| | - Nitish K Dhingra
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (S.V., N.K.D.)
| | - Steven B Ketchum
- Amarin Pharma Inc, Bridgewater, NJ (S.B.K., R.A.J., L.J., R.T.D., C.G.)
| | - Rebecca A Juliano
- Amarin Pharma Inc, Bridgewater, NJ (S.B.K., R.A.J., L.J., R.T.D., C.G.)
| | - Lixia Jiao
- Amarin Pharma Inc, Bridgewater, NJ (S.B.K., R.A.J., L.J., R.T.D., C.G.)
| | - Ralph T Doyle
- Amarin Pharma Inc, Bridgewater, NJ (S.B.K., R.A.J., L.J., R.T.D., C.G.)
| | - Craig Granowitz
- Amarin Pharma Inc, Bridgewater, NJ (S.B.K., R.A.J., L.J., R.T.D., C.G.)
| | | | - Duane Pinto
- Baim Clinical Research Institute, Boston, MA (C.M.G., D.P.)
| | - Robert P Giugliano
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B., R.P.G.)
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Lundquist Institute, Torrance, CA (M.J.B.)
| | | | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada (J-C.T.)
| | - Christie M Ballantyne
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX (C.M.B.)
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Hibino M, Dhingra NK, Verma R, Puar P, Verma S, Yanagawa B. Surgical Treatment for Gerbode Defect Caused by Infective Endocarditis. J Invasive Cardiol 2021; 33:E1009. [PMID: 34866055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this case illustration, a Gerbode defect in a 52-year-old woman caused by infective endocarditis was closed with autologous pericardium. Postoperative echocardiographic findings were satisfactory without residual shunt flow or perivalvular leak. Her postoperative recovery was uneventful without infection recurrence. Gerbode defect is a rare complication of infective endocarditis and careful preoperative echocardiographic work-up is imperative for successful repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raj Verma
- Professor and Cardiac Surgeon, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada.
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24
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Dhingra NK, Verma S, Yau TM, Yanagawa B, Hibino M. Stuck between a rock and a hard place: The clinical conundrum of managing cardiac surgical patients during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. J Card Surg 2021; 37:174-175. [PMID: 34697835 PMCID: PMC8661891 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.16111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Deferring nonemergent cardiac surgery became the strategy of choice for several international healthcare systems afflicted by high case burdens of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19) to both conserve valuable healthcare resources and protect patients from possible exposure. Missing from the available dataset to help guide policy development has been a clear understanding of the extent to which COVID‐19 infection modulates cardiac surgery outcomes. In their investigation, Bonalumi et al. uncovered an inpatient COVID‐19 positivity rate of almost 10 times higher than that of the general Italian population, as well as a mortality rate over 20 times higher amongst cardiac surgery patients with perioperative COVID‐19 infection compared to those COVID‐negative. While the summation of available evidence points to the serious consideration cardiac surgeons must give to delaying surgeries during the COVID‐19 pandemic, recognition must be given to the risks that postponing cardiac surgery may have on patient outcomes. Emerging data is beginning to demonstrate the efficacy of vaccination in preventing postoperative COVID‐19 infection and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish K Dhingra
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Terrence M Yau
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bobby Yanagawa
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Makoto Hibino
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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25
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Dhingra NK, Mistry N, Puar P, Verma R, Anker S, Mazer CD, Verma S. SGLT2 inhibitors and cardiac remodelling: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized cardiac magnetic resonance imaging trials. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:4693-4700. [PMID: 34623032 PMCID: PMC8712921 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Recent large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated efficacy of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in both preventing and treating heart failure (HF). SGLT2i‐induced reversal of left ventricular remodelling has been proposed as a mechanism contributing to this effect. Methods and results We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of RCTs to compare SGLT2i versus placebo (treatment duration >3 months) on cardiac remodelling parameters as measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) in patients with HF and/or diabetes. The PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched until 15 June 2021. Our primary outcome was change in absolute left ventricular mass (LVM) from baseline to study endpoint. Secondary outcomes included changes in LVM indexed to body surface area, left ventricular end‐systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (LVEDV), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from baseline to study endpoint. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used to assess risk of bias. Five studies representing 408 patients were included. SGLT2i was associated with greater LVM regression compared to placebo (MD, −5.76 g; 95% CI, −10.87 g to −0.64 g, I2 = 73%; overall effect, P < 0.03; four RCTs). Statistical subgroup differences were not observed in our sensitivity analysis focusing on HF with reduced ejection fraction (P = 0.37) and were observed in our sensitivity analysis focusing on diabetes (P < 0.001). SGLT2i was not associated with statistical changes in LV mass indexed to body surface area (I2 = 75%; P = 0.16; five RCTs), LVESV (I2 = 87%; P = 0.07; five RCTs), LVEDV (I2 = 81%; P = 0.20; five RCTs), nor LVEF (I2 = 85%; P = 0.19; five RCTs) versus placebo. Sixty per cent of RCTs had low risk of bias. Conclusions Sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors treatment was associated with a reduction in left ventricular mass as assessed by cMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish K Dhingra
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nikhil Mistry
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pankaj Puar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raj Verma
- North York Diagnostic and Cardiac Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan Anker
- Department of Cardiology & Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Keenan Research Center in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Keenan Research Center in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Hibino M, Dhingra NK, Verma S. Increased patency with comparable mortality and revascularization risk: Is the case for no-touch vein harvesting open and shut? J Card Surg 2021; 36:4376-4377. [PMID: 34477262 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.15973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hibino
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nitish K Dhingra
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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27
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Makhdoum A, Dhingra NK, Kirubaharan A, Eikelboom R, Luc J, Dagher O, Bierer J, Cartier A, Vaillancourt O, Vo TX, Forgie K, Bisleri G, Yau TM, Verma S, Yanagawa B. Ticagrelor use and practice patterns among Canadian cardiac surgeons. J Card Surg 2021; 36:2793-2801. [PMID: 34028081 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.15636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The P2Y12 platelet receptor inhibitor ticagrelor is widely used in patients following acute coronary syndromes or in those who have received coronary stents. Bentracimab is a monoclonal antibody-based reversal agent that is being formally evaluated in a Phase 3 clinical trial. Here, we probe the knowledge, attitudes, and practice patterns of cardiac surgeons regarding their perioperative management of ticagrelor and potential application of a ticagrelor reversal agent. METHODS A questionnaire was developed by a working group of cardiac surgeons to inquire into participants' practices and beliefs regarding ticagrelor and disseminated to practicing, Canadian-trained cardiac surgeons. RESULTS A total of 70 Canadian-trained cardiac surgeons participated. Bleeding risk was identified as the most significant consideration when surgically revascularizing ticagrelor-treated patients (90%). There is variability in the duration of withholding ticagrelor before coronary artery bypass graft procedure in a stable patient; 44.3% wait 3 days and 32.9% wait 4 days or longer. Currently, 15.7% of cardiac surgeons prophylactically give platelet transfusions and fresh frozen plasma intraoperatively following protamine infusion in patients who have recently received ticagrelor. Interestingly, 47.1% of surveyed surgeons were aware of a reversal agent for ticagrelor, 91.4% of cardiac surgeons would consider utilizing a ticagrelor reversal agent if available, and 51.4% acknowledged that the introduction of such an agent would be a major advance in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS The present survey identified ticagrelor-related bleeding as a major concern for cardiac surgeons. Surgeons recognized the significant unmet need that a ticagrelor reversal agent would address.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Makhdoum
- Divisions of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nitish K Dhingra
- Divisions of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aathmika Kirubaharan
- Divisions of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rachel Eikelboom
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jessica Luc
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Olina Dagher
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Joel Bierer
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | | | | | - Thin X Vo
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Keir Forgie
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Gianluigi Bisleri
- Divisions of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Terrence M Yau
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Divisions of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bobby Yanagawa
- Divisions of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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28
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Abstract
Cultured neurons provide a simpler and more accessible environment to study the synaptic physiology. However, it is not clear if development of synapses in culture is similar to that in the in vivo condition. We studied the developmental sequence and morphological differentiation of chemical synapses in semi-dissociated rat retinal cultures that consisted of dissociated neurons as well as undissociated retinal aggregates. Synapses were quantified by synaptophysin immunoreactive puncta. During second week of in vitro development the average number of chemical synapses on the cell body decreased while that on the neurites increased significantly. Conventional synapses appeared both in aggregate and in dissociated neurons, with the developmental profile similar to that reported for in vivo retina. In contrast, the development of ribbon synapses was adversely affected by the in vitro microenvironment as suggested by following observations. The ribbon synapses were more frequently found in aggregate than in dissociated neurons, and were not associated with dyadic or triadic synaptic arrangement. The photoreceptor ribbons did not contact a postsynaptic process while bipolar ribbons made single (monadic) synapses. Further, photoreceptor ribbons in dissociated neurons were late to form and took more time to mature as compared to those in the aggregate cultures. Most of the rod bipolar cells, identified by their immunoreactivity to protein kinase C (PKC), had three or more neurites. Unlike in the in vivo retina, the dissociated rod bipolar cells did not show any PKC immunoreactive varicosities, suggesting that they failed to develop a well-differentiated synaptic terminal. Interestingly, we did not find any parvalbumin positive AII amacrine cells that are normally postsynaptic to rod bipolar cells. These results show that the conventional synapses of retina, which are similar to chemical synapses in other parts of the brain, develop normally both in aggregate and dissociated neurons. However, the highly specialized ribbon synapses have more stringent developmental requirements, and their normal development may require the presence of postsynaptic neurons in their close vicinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Dhingra
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, 560 029, Bangalore, India.
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29
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Shankaranarayana Rao BS, Ramamohan Y, Singh YK, Dhingra NK, Raju TR. Cytochrome oxidase activity in rat retinal ganglion cells during postnatal development. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 2000; 124:117-20. [PMID: 11113518 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-3806(00)00092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the metabolic activity of rat retinal ganglion cells during postnatal development has been examined in vivo using cytochrome oxidase histochemistry. The intensity of staining was measured by optical densitometry. The activity of cytochrome oxidase in retinal ganglion cells progressively increased from postnatal day 0 (P0) and reached a peak during the second week of postnatal development (P10-P14) and declined thereafter. Our data show that the increased levels of cytochrome oxidase seen in developing retinal ganglion cells occur at the same time, when neuronal maturity and synaptogenesis reach their peaks.
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30
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Lakshmana MK, Rao BS, Dhingra NK, Ravikumar R, Sudha S, Meti BL, Raju TR. Role of monoamine oxidase type A and B on the dopamine metabolism in discrete regions of the primate brain. Neurochem Res 1998; 23:1031-7. [PMID: 9704592 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020799700885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of monoamine oxidase (MAO) type A and B on the metabolism of dopamine (DA) in discrete regions of the monkey brain was studied. Monkeys were administered (-)-deprenyl (0.25 mg/kg) or clorgyline (1.0 mg/kg) or deprenyl and clorgyline together by intramuscular injections for 8 days. Levels of DA and its metabolites, dihydroxy phenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were estimated in frontal cortex (FC), motor cortex (MC), occipital cortex (OC), entorhinal cortex (EC), hippocampus (HI), hypothalamus (HY), caudate nucleus (CN), globus pallidus (GP) and substantia nigra (SN). (-)-Deprenyl administration significantly increased DA levels in FC, HY, CN, GP and SN (39-87%). This was accompanied by a reduction in the levels of DOPAC (37-66%) and HVA (27-79%). Clorgyline administration resulted in MAO-A inhibition by more than 87% but failed to increase DA levels in any of the brain regions studied. Combined treatment of (-)-deprenyl and clorgyline inhibited both types of MAO by more than 90% and DA levels were increased (57-245%) in all brain regions studied with a corresponding decrease in the DOPAC (49-83%) and HVA (54-88%) levels. Our results suggest that DA is metabolized preferentially, if not exclusively by MAO-B in some regions of the monkey brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Lakshmana
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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Lakshmana MK, Rao BS, Dhingra NK, Ravikumar R, Meti BL, Raju TR. Chronic (-) deprenyl administration increases dendritic arborization in CA3 neurons of hippocampus and AChE activity in specific regions of the primate brain. Brain Res 1998; 796:38-44. [PMID: 9689452 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism by which (-) deprenyl enhances cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not yet understood. (-) Deprenyl (0.2 mg/kg/day) was administered intramuscularly to adult male monkeys (n = 6) for 25 days. Control monkeys (n = 6) received physiological saline by the same route. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in different brain regions and the dendritic arborization in CA3 pyramidal neurons of hippocampus were analysed. (-) Deprenyl-treated monkeys showed a significant increase in the AChE activity by 43% (p < 0.001) in the frontal cortex, by 39% (p < 0.025) in the motor cortex, by 66% (p < 0.001) in the hippocampus and by 26% (p < 0.05) in the striatum compared to controls. The branching points and the intersections of both apical and basal dendrites of CA3 hippocampal pyramidal neurons were also significantly increased in (-) deprenyl-treated monkeys. Enhanced AChE activity may increase dendritic arborization in the hippocampus and it may also play a role in improving cognitive functions observed in AD, following (-) deprenyl treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Lakshmana
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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Abstract
Expression of synaptophysin, synapsin I and syntaxin was studied immunocytochemically in the developing rat retina using indirect immunoperoxidase technique. In the inner plexiform layer (IPL), syntaxin immunoreactivity appeared at postnatal day 1 (P1) whereas synaptophysin and synapsin I staining were first observed at P2. In the outer plexiform layer (OPL), synaptophysin appeared at P4, while synapsin I and syntaxin appeared at P8. In the case of synaptophysin, a punctate pattern of staining was observed from the time of its appearance (P4) in the OPL and from P12 onwards in the IPL. Synapsin I and syntaxin immunoreactivity in the OPL were of a low intensity throughout the development and in the adult stage. These findings are discussed in relation to synaptogenesis in the rat retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Dhingra
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
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Abstract
We have previously shown that subordination causes a reduction in the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine selectively in the frontal cortex [6]. These monoamines are catabolised mainly by the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) which exists in two isoforms; MAO-A and MAO-B. The present study was carried out to determine whether there is any change in the activity of these two iso-enzymes induced by subordination and if any such alteration is confined to the frontal cortex. The animal model of dominance-subordination used was a worker-parasite paradigm in male Wistar rats. The enzyme activities were measured in five brain regions, the frontal cortex, entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and striatum, using kynuramine as the substrate. Clorgyline and L-deprenyl were used in vitro to block the activities of MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively. There was a significant (P < 0.001) reduction in the activity of MAO-A as well as MAO-B selectively in the frontal cortex of the subordinate animals. This finding may suggest a reduced neurotransmitter turnover in the serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons terminating in the frontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Dhingra
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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Dhingra NK, Lakshmana MK, Meti BL, Raju TR. Subordination induced decrease in 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine levels in the frontal cortex--a study using worker-parasite relationship in rats as a model. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1996; 40:213-9. [PMID: 8950135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Competition for a limited resource appears to be an important factor in natural selection. Such competition when elicited experimentally, leads to the establishment of dominant-subordinate (D-S) relationship between the competitors. The present study was carried out to analyse the effect of D-S relationship on the levels of monoamines, namely, dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) in various brain regions. The model of D-S relationship selected for this work was a modified worker-parasite paradigm in adult male Wistar rats. The levels of monoamines were estimated in the frontal cortex, the entorhinal cortex, the hippocampus and the septum of the two competitors and a non-competitor control, using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Levels of DA and 5-HT, but not NE, were found to be lower (P < 0.05) only in the frontal cortex of the subordinate as compared to that of the dominant or the control. These findings are comparable with similar neurochemical changes reported to be caused by some of the known stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Dhingra
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore
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