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Vrooman JC, Boelhouwer J, Gijsberts M. A contemporary class structure: Capital disparities in The Netherlands. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296443. [PMID: 38295016 PMCID: PMC10830037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The academic and public debate on social inequality has recently been fuelled by large disparities in income and wealth, profound changes in the labour market, and other emerging cleavages in post-industrial societies. This article contributes to the discussion by arguing that class divisions are theoretically based on four types of capital: people's economic means, their social capital, their cultural resources, and the combination of their health and attractiveness ('person capital'). From this premise, the social structure of the Netherlands is examined. A dedicated survey was linked to microdata from the national population register, tax authorities and benefit agencies. Using latent class analysis, we assess contingencies in the distribution of the different resources, and identify a structure consisting of six capital groups. The established upper echelon (15.5% of the adult population) has the most capital, followed by the privileged younger people (12.7%), the employed middle echelon (26.9%) and the comfortable retirees (16.6%). Total capital is lowest among the insecure workers (13.5%) and the precariat (14.8%). Each social class has a distinctive mix of the four types of capital, highlighting the need to look beyond economic differences in order to comprehend structural inequality. The results of this study also indicate that resource disparities between classes coincide with other forms of social hierarchy and contrasts by age. Moreover, the contemporary class structure is associated with divergent views and experiences among the Dutch. Classes with little capital tend to rate politics, society, and their own social position more negatively. In addition, they value self-enhancement and hedonism less than today's upper classes and report lower levels of well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Cok Vrooman
- The Netherlands Institute for Social Research|SCP, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Boelhouwer
- Department of Sociology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mérove Gijsberts
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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2
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Persson Waye K, Löve J, Lercher P, Dzhambov AM, Klatte M, Schreckenberg D, Belke C, Leist L, Ristovska G, Jeram S, Kanninen KM, Selander J, Arat A, Lachmann T, Clark C, Botteldooren D, White K, Julvez J, Foraster M, Kaprio J, Bolte G, Psyllidis A, Gulliver J, Boshuizen H, Bozzon A, Fels J, Hornikx M, van den Hazel P, Weber M, Brambilla M, Braat-Eggen E, Van Kamp I, Vincens N. Adopting a child perspective for exposome research on mental health and cognitive development - Conceptualisation and opportunities. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117279. [PMID: 37778607 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Mental disorders among children and adolescents pose a significant global challenge. The exposome framework covering the totality of internal, social and physical exposures over a lifetime provides opportunities to better understand the causes of and processes related to mental health, and cognitive functioning. The paper presents a conceptual framework on exposome, mental health, and cognitive development in children and adolescents, with potential mediating pathways, providing a possibility for interventions along the life course. The paper underscores the significance of adopting a child perspective to the exposome, acknowledging children's specific vulnerability, including differential exposures, susceptibility of effects and capacity to respond; their susceptibility during development and growth, highlighting neurodevelopmental processes from conception to young adulthood that are highly sensitive to external exposures. Further, critical periods when exposures may have significant effects on a child's development and future health are addressed. The paper stresses that children's behaviour, physiology, activity pattern and place for activities make them differently vulnerable to environmental pollutants, and calls for child-specific assessment methods, currently lacking within today's health frameworks. The importance of understanding the interplay between structure and agency is emphasized, where agency is guided by social structures and practices and vice-versa. An intersectional approach that acknowledges the interplay of social and physical exposures as well as a global and rural perspective on exposome is further pointed out. To advance the exposome field, interdisciplinary efforts that involve multiple scientific disciplines are crucial. By adopting a child perspective and incorporating an exposome approach, we can gain a comprehensive understanding of how exposures impact children's mental health and cognitive development leading to better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Persson Waye
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Jesper Löve
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Lercher
- Institute of Highway Engineering and Transport Planning, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Angel M Dzhambov
- Institute of Highway Engineering and Transport Planning, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria; Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Research Group "Health and Quality of Life in a Green and Sustainable Environment", SRIPD, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Environmental Health Division, Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Klatte
- Cognitive and Developmental Psychology, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dirk Schreckenberg
- Centre for Applied Psychology, Environmental and Social Research (Zeus GmbH), Hagen, Germany
| | - Christin Belke
- Centre for Applied Psychology, Environmental and Social Research (Zeus GmbH), Hagen, Germany
| | - Larisa Leist
- Cognitive and Developmental Psychology, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gordana Ristovska
- Institute of Public Health of the Republic of North Macedonia, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Sonja Jeram
- National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jenny Selander
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arzu Arat
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lachmann
- Cognitive and Developmental Psychology, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany; Centro de Investigación Nebrija en Cognición (CINC), Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
| | - Charlotte Clark
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dick Botteldooren
- Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim White
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Netherlands
| | - Jordi Julvez
- Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Clinical and Epidemiological Neuroscience Group (NeuroÈpia), Reus, Spain
| | | | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland and Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gabriele Bolte
- Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Achilleas Psyllidis
- Department of Sustainable Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - John Gulliver
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability & School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Hendriek Boshuizen
- Department for Statistics, Datascience and Mathematical Modelling, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Bozzon
- Department of Sustainable Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Janina Fels
- Institute for Hearing Technology and Acoustics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maarten Hornikx
- Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Peter van den Hazel
- International Network on Children's Health, Environment and Safety, Ellecom, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marco Brambilla
- Data Science Laboratory, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Irene Van Kamp
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Netherlands
| | - Natalia Vincens
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Kopasker D, Katikireddi SV, Santos JV, Richiardi M, Bronka P, Rostila M, Cecchini M, Ali S, Emmert-Fees K, Bambra C, Hoven H, Backhaus I, Balaj M, Eikemo TA. Microsimulation as a flexible tool to evaluate policies and their impact on socioeconomic inequalities in health. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2023; 34:100758. [PMID: 37876527 PMCID: PMC10590730 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kopasker
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, UK
| | | | - João Vasco Santos
- Public Health Unit, ACES Grande Porto V – Porto Ocidental, ARS Norte, Portugal
- MEDCIDS – Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS - Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Portugal
| | - Matteo Richiardi
- Centre for Microsimulation and Policy Analysis, University of Essex, UK
| | - Patryk Bronka
- Centre for Microsimulation and Policy Analysis, University of Essex, UK
| | - Mikael Rostila
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden
- Aging Research Center (ARC), Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Michele Cecchini
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris, France
| | - Shehzad Ali
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, UK
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Knowledge Translation and HTA in Health Equity, Canada
| | - Karl Emmert-Fees
- School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, LMU Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Clare Bambra
- Population Health Sciences Institute, University of Newcastle, UK
| | - Hanno Hoven
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Centre for Global Health Inequalities Research (CHAIN), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway
| | - Insa Backhaus
- Centre for Global Health Inequalities Research (CHAIN), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway
| | - Mirza Balaj
- Centre for Global Health Inequalities Research (CHAIN), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway
| | - Terje Andreas Eikemo
- Centre for Global Health Inequalities Research (CHAIN), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway
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4
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Molarius A. Socioeconomic inequalities in health - debates on the persistence. Perspect Public Health 2023; 143:20-21. [PMID: 36694968 DOI: 10.1177/17579139221138447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Molarius
- Region Värmland, Centre for Clinical Research, 651 85 Karlstad, Sweden.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
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5
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Högberg P, Henriksson G, Borrell C, Ciutan M, Costa G, Georgiou I, Halik R, Hoebel J, Kilpeläinen K, Kyprianou T, Lesnik T, Petrauskaite I, Ruijsbroek A, Scintee SG, Vasic M, Olsson G. Monitoring Health Inequalities in 12 European Countries: Lessons Learned from the Joint Action Health Equity Europe. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:7663. [PMID: 35805322 PMCID: PMC9265987 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
To raise awareness about health inequalities, a well-functioning health inequality monitoring system (HIMS) is crucial. Drawing on work conducted under the Joint Action Health Equity Europe, the aim of this paper is to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses in current health inequality monitoring based on lessons learned from 12 European countries and to discuss what can be done to strengthen their capacities. Fifty-five statements were used to collect information about the status of the capacities at different steps of the monitoring process. The results indicate that the preconditions for monitoring vary greatly between countries. The availability and quality of data are generally regarded as strong, as is the ability to disaggregate data by age and gender. Regarded as poorer is the ability to disaggregate data by socioeconomic factors, such as education and income, or by other measures of social position, such as ethnicity. Few countries have a proper health inequality monitoring strategy in place and, where in place, it is often regarded as poorly up to date with policymakers' needs. These findings suggest that non-data-related issues might be overlooked aspects of health inequality monitoring. Structures for stakeholder involvement and communication that attracts attention from policymakers are examples of aspects that deserve more effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi Högberg
- Unit for Public Health Reporting and Evaluation, Public Health Agency of Sweden, 17182 Solna, Sweden;
| | | | - Carme Borrell
- Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Place Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marius Ciutan
- Centre for Health Services Research and Evaluation, National School of Public Health Management and Professional Development, Vaselor Str. 31, 021253 Bucharest, Romania; (M.C.); (S.G.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Costa
- Epidemiology Unit ASL TO3, Region Piedmont, Via Sabaudia 164, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
| | - Irene Georgiou
- Administration Unit, Ministry of Health, 2 Prodromou & Chilonos Str. 17, Nicosia 1448, Cyprus;
| | - Rafal Halik
- Department of Population Health Monitoring and Analysis, National Institute of Public Health NIH—National Research Institute, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jens Hoebel
- Division of Social Determinants of Health, Robert Koch Institute, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Katri Kilpeläinen
- Health and Welfare Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00270 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Theopisti Kyprianou
- Health Monitoring Unit, Ministry of Health, 2 Prodromou & Chilonos Str. 17, Nicosia 1448, Cyprus;
| | - Tina Lesnik
- Analysis and Development of Health, National Institute of Public Health, Trubarjeva 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | | | - Annemarie Ruijsbroek
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Silvia Gabriela Scintee
- Centre for Health Services Research and Evaluation, National School of Public Health Management and Professional Development, Vaselor Str. 31, 021253 Bucharest, Romania; (M.C.); (S.G.S.)
| | - Milena Vasic
- Institute of Public Health of Serbia, Dr Subotica 5, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Faculty of Dentistry Pancevo, Zarka Zrenjanina 179, 13000 Pancevo, Serbia
| | - Gabriella Olsson
- Unit for Public Health Reporting and Evaluation, Public Health Agency of Sweden, 17182 Solna, Sweden;
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Kelly-Irving M, Ball WP, Bambra C, Delpierre C, Dundas R, Lynch J, McCartney G, Smith K. Falling down the rabbit hole? Methodological, conceptual and policy issues in current health inequalities research. CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09581596.2022.2036701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kelly-Irving
- Centre for Epidemiology and Research in Population Health (CERPOP), Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Institut fédératif de recherche et d’études interdisciplinaire santé société, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Clare Bambra
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Cyrille Delpierre
- Centre for Epidemiology and Research in Population Health (CERPOP), Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Ruth Dundas
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Julia Lynch
- Department of Political Science and Leonard Davis Institute for Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, U S.A
| | - Gerry McCartney
- College of Social Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Katherine Smith
- School of Social Work & Social Policy, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Leyland AH. Is the study of genetic propensities within the remit of health inequalities research? Eur J Public Health 2021; 31:459-460. [PMID: 34148085 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alastair H Leyland
- University of Glasgow-MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Glasgow, UK
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