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Andersen LL, Vinstrup J, Thorsen SV, Pedersen J, Sundstrup E, Rugulies R. Combined psychosocial work factors and risk of long-term sickness absence in the general working population: Prospective cohort with register follow-up among 69 371 workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 2022; 48:549-559. [PMID: 35647686 PMCID: PMC10539106 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the importance of combined psychosocial work factors for the risk of long-term sickness absence (LTSA). METHODS We followed 69 371 employees in the general working population (Work Environment and Health in Denmark study 2012-2018), without LTSA during the preceding year, for up to two years in the Danish Register for Evaluation of Marginalization. Using k-means cluster analyses and weighted Cox-regression controlling for age, gender, survey year, education, health-behaviors, and physical work demands, we determined the prospective association of 11 identified clusters - based on the combination of nine psychosocial work factors (recognition, quantitative demands, work pace, emotional demands, influence, justice, role clarity, role conflicts, and support from colleagues) - with the risk of LTSA. RESULTS During 124 045 person-years of follow-up, 6197 employees developed LTSA (weighted 8.5%). Using the cluster with the most favorable psychosocial scores as reference, clusters scoring poorly on several combined psychosocial factors had increased risk of LTSA. The cluster scoring poor on all nine psychosocial factors exhibited the highest risk [hazard ratio (HR) 1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45-1.94]. Scoring poorly on one or two psychosocial factors did not increase the risk of LTSA when combined with favorable scores on the other psychosocial factors. Interaction analyses showed that gender, but not age and education, modified the association between cluster and LTSA. CONCLUSION Scoring poorly on several combined psychosocial work factors plays an important role in the risk of LTSA. Scoring favorably on several psychosocial factors outweighed the potentially adverse effects of scoring poorly on one or two factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars L Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2
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Sørensen K, Sørensen JK, Andersen LL, Eskildsen Bruun J, Conway PM, Framke E, Madsen IEH, Nielsen HB, Nordentoft M, Seeberg KGV, Rugulies R. Leadership behaviours and health-related early exit from employment: a prospective cohort study of 55 364 employees. Eur J Public Health 2022; 32:709-715. [PMID: 36006031 PMCID: PMC9527957 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Absence of certain leadership behaviours, such as lack of feedback, recognition and involvement in employee development, has been associated with long-term sickness absence. We tested the hypothesis that absence of eight specific behaviours predicts health-related early exit from employment, and investigated differential effects in subgroups to guide future preventive initiatives. Methods Using Cox-proportional hazard modelling, we examined the prospective association between absence of leadership behaviours and health-related early exit from employment in a sample of 55 364 employees during 4.3 years follow-up. Leadership behaviours were measured by employee ratings in national surveys from 2012 to 2016. Exit from employment included disability pension and related measures of health-related early exit, retrieved from a national registry. Results We identified 510 cases of health-related early exit from employment during follow-up. A high level of absence of leadership behaviours, was associated with an increased risk of exit from employment (hazard ratio: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.31; 1.89). Subgroup analyses showed that the association between absence of leadership behaviours and exit from employment was similar for women and men and across age groups. The association was stronger for employees with high level of education than for employees with medium/low education, and the association was not observed among employees with a prevalent depressive disorder. Conclusions Absence of the eight leadership behaviours is a risk factor for health-related early exit from employment in the Danish workforce. More studies are needed to confirm the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Sørensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lars L Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Elisabeth Framke
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida E H Madsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Mads Nordentoft
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karina G V Seeberg
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Effect of Psychological Distress on the Association of Workplace Social Capital with Presenteeism and Sickness Absence. J UOEH 2021; 43:293-303. [PMID: 34483188 DOI: 10.7888/juoeh.43.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Greater workplace social capital (WSC) can be related to workers' health and productivity. We sought to clarify the association between horizontal WSC and presenteeism and sickness absence (SA) and to examine the effects of psychological distress on these associations among Japanese workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 at seven large Japanese companies. Logistic regression analysis was performed with presenteeism and SA as the dependent variables, horizontal WSC as an independent variable, and sociodemographic characteristics and psychological distress as covariates. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, the results showed that greater horizontal WSC was associated with lower presenteeism and SA. The odds ratios for the relationship between horizontal WSC and presenteeism and that between horizontal WSC and SA dropped moderately after adjustment for psychological distress but remained significant. Further exploration of the factors underlying the relationship between WSC and productivity is needed to confirm if WSC enhances workers' health and productivity and to inform the development of effective occupational health initiatives.
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Pihl-Thingvad J, Andersen LPS, Pihl-Thingvad S, Elklit A, Brandt LPA, Andersen LL. Can high workplace social capital buffer the negative effect of high workload on patient-initiated violence? Prospective cohort study. Int J Nurs Stud 2021; 120:103971. [PMID: 34107356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High workload seems to increase the risk of patient-initiated workplace violence (patient-initiated violence). However, the temporal association between workload and violence remains uncertain. Understanding the interplay of factors in the psychosocial working environment and patient-initiated violence is important to future preventive initiatives. AIM To assess whether a high workload increases the risk of patient-initiated violence, and whether intraorganizational relationships based on trust, reciprocity, justice and collaboration, known as workplace social capital, moderate this risk. METHOD Baseline survey data on 1823 social educators was collected followed by 12 monthly surveys on patient-initiated violence exposure. Poisson regressions, in mixed models, were conducted to assess the risk of violence at four levels of workload. Further, moderation analyses were conducted to assess the moderating effects of three sub-types of workplace social capital. RESULTS High and very high workload increased the risk of patient-initiated violence: RR = 1.5 [1.4-1.6], p < .001 and RR = 1.4 [1.3-1.4], p < .001. All three levels of workplace social capital had a moderating effect on the workload-violence association: Workload*Workplace social capital(co-worker): F (3, 16,712) = 3.4, p = .017, Workload*Workplace social capital(local management): F (3, 16,748) = 11.9, p < .001, Workload*Workplace social capital(general management): F (3, 16,556) = 5.5, p < .001. Only high Workplace social capital (co-workers) reduced the risk of violence at all levels of workload. Workplace social capital (general management) reduced the risk of violence at high, medium and low workload, and Workplace social capital (local management) reduced the risk of violence at medium and low workload. CONCLUSION High workload clearly increases the risk of patient-initiated violence. A high workplace social capital appears to be a viable protective factor and should be investigated further in studies of patient-initiated violence prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Pihl-Thingvad
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Odense University Hospital, OUH, Kløvervænget 3, Indgang 138 stuen, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; National Center of Psychotraumatology, Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; OPEN Odense Patient Explorative Network, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark. WP 9, J. B. Winsløws Vej 9a, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Lars Peter Soenderbo Andersen
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine - University Research Clinic, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Gl. Landevej 53 M, (postadresse 61), 7400 Herning, Denmark.
| | - Signe Pihl-Thingvad
- Department of Political Science and Public Management, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Ask Elklit
- National Center of Psychotraumatology, Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Lars Peter Andreas Brandt
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Odense University Hospital, OUH, Kløvervænget 3, Indgang 138 stuen, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark. J.B. Winsløws Vej 19.3, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Lars Louis Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 København Ø, Denmark; Sport Sciences, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7D2, 9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark.
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5
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Kwon MJ. The Role of Social Capital and Welfare in Absenteeism Across 26 OECD Countries: Moderating Effect on Employment and Working Conditions. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 63:104-110. [PMID: 33009071 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study attempted to investigate social contextual effect on the occurrence of workers' absenteeism. METHODS Survey data on 30,913 wage workers in 26 countries were linked to the indicators for social capital and welfare from the national database. Multi-level logistic regression was used for analyses. RESULTS Employment contract, atypical work, physical and psycho-social working conditions (effort and reward), social capital and welfare significantly explained the differences in occurrence of absenteeism across countries. Analysis of cross-level interactions revealed that macro indicators related to social capital, and public social and health expenditure had moderating effects on the relation between individual-level factors and absenteeism. CONCLUSION High level of public spending on welfare policies and social bonding decrease the risk of absenteeism caused by vulnerable working environments, but it also worsen gaps in coping capabilities of workers in non-permanent contract and atypical work pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Kwon
- College of Nursing, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Pihl-Thingvad S, Hansen SW, Winter V, Hansen MS, Willems J. Public managers' role in creating workplace social capital (WSC) and its effect on employees' well-being and health: a protocol of a longitudinal cohort study (PUMA-WSC). BMJ Open 2020; 10:e039027. [PMID: 33109660 PMCID: PMC7592307 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Workplace social capital (WSC) has been shown to affect employees' well-being and health, yet it is not clear how public managers can create WSC and which forms of WSC are most important. This study is the first prospective cohort study to examine the relationship between management behaviour, WSC, well-being and sickness absence. It uses a validated and detailed scale on WSC, which can distinguish between bonding, bridging, linking and organisational WSC over time. The study thereby provides rich data giving a much-needed detailed image of how WSC impacts on public employees' well-being and health. Additionally, the study pays special attention to the fact that these relationships can be different for different types of employees and therefore tests a set of relevant employee and context-related variables. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Project preparations in terms of agreements and data preparation of existing data started in 2019. This prospective cohort study considers and collects organisational data from 2016 to 2025. Annual employee surveys of more than 8000 employees (in a large Danish municipality) will be combined with register data in all years. This generates a unique cohort of public employees in different professions that are traceable over several years. The annual surveys include information on the management behaviour, WSC and employee outcomes. Fine-grained information on sickness absences will be matched for all employees and years under study. Moreover, confounders and the nested nature of the data will be considered. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Approval has been obtained from The Regional Committee on Health Research Ethics from Southern Denmark and from the University of Southern Denmark. The results will be presented at conferences and published in international peer-reviewed journals and in a practice-oriented monography targeted at public managers. The result will furthermore be disseminated to the involved employees through seminars and workshops in the participating organisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Pihl-Thingvad
- Department of Political Science and Public Management, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sune W Hansen
- Department of Political Science and Public Management, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vera Winter
- Department of Political Science and Public Management, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Health Care Management, Schumpeter School of Business and Economics, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michelle S Hansen
- Department of Political Science and Public Management, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jurgen Willems
- Department of Political Science and Public Management, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Institute for Public Management und Governance, Department of Management, WU Wien, Wien, Austria
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Jakobsen MD, Clausen T, Andersen LL. Can a participatory organizational intervention improve social capital and organizational readiness to change? Cluster randomized controlled trial at five Danish hospitals. J Adv Nurs 2020; 76:2685-2695. [PMID: 32496600 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigates the effect of a participatory organizational intervention on social capital and organizational readiness for change. DESIGN Cluster randomized controlled trial. METHODS In 2016, 27 departments from five hospitals in Denmark were randomly allocated at the department level to 1 year of participatory intervention (14 clusters, 316 healthcare workers) or a control group (13 clusters, 309 healthcare workers). The participatory intervention consisted of 2 × 2 hr workshops, where managers, 2-5 healthcare workers from each department, and the hospital's health and safety staff, developed action plans for implementing solutions for improving the use of assistive devices at the department throughout the 1-year intervention period. Workplace social capital: (a) within teams (bonding); (b) between teams and nearest leaders (linking A); and (c) between teams and distant leaders (linking B) and organizational readiness for change were measured using questionnaires at baseline, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS No group-by-time interaction occurred for any of the outcome measures. However, explorative post hoc analysis showed within-group improvements in bonding and linking B social capital and organizational readiness for change following the participatory intervention. CONCLUSION Participatory organizational interventions may improve social capital within teams and between teams and distant leaders and organizational readiness for change. IMPACT Implementing participatory interventions at the workplace may be a cost-effective strategy as they provide additional benefits, e.g., increased social capital and improved organizational readiness for change, that exceed the primary outcome of the intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02708550) March 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Clausen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Louis Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Sport Sciences, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Workplace Violence and Long-term Sickness Absence: Assessment of the Potential Buffering Effect of Social Support in Two Occupational Cohort Studies. J Occup Environ Med 2020; 62:830-838. [PMID: 32769792 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the effect of workplace violence on long-term sickness absence, and whether social support from supervisors and colleagues buffer this effect. METHODS Information on workplace violence and social support were derived from the Danish Work Environment Cohort Study in 2000, 2005, and 2010 and the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health in 2006 and 2008. Individual- and joint-effects on register-based long-term sickness absence were determined using logistic regression models for repeated measurements. Cohort-specific estimates were combined in random effect meta-analyses. RESULTS Workplace violence and low social support were independently associated with a higher risk of long-term sickness absence, and we did not find evidence of an interaction. CONCLUSION Exposure to workplace violence is a risk factor for long-term sickness absence while social support is associated with a lower risk of long-term sickness absence.
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9
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Mac A, Albertsen K. Linking professional capital with facilitating in school teams. TEAM PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/tpm-12-2019-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The project “Public schools in change – collaboration as a resource” was aimed to strengthen professional capital (social- human- and decision-capital) in public schools and as a part of this to strengthen collaboration within teams. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the approach of linking development of professional capital to the development of team competence through facilitating and discuss the adequacy of the methods used to fulfil the purpose.
Design/methodology/approach
This study was designed as a multiple case intervention implemented at four worksites. It was organized as a course consisting of four sessions among 15–20 team coordinators from each school unit. The research group provided insights and methods to increase the team’s ability to manage tasks and cooperate.
Findings
Based on observations of team meetings, the study provides a discussion on the usefulness of the approach of linking team competence and professional capital. Both at theoretical and practical levels, the study finds it is meaningful to combine facilitating as methods to ensure the creation of value in organizational teamwork, in general, with the concept of professional capital pointing on the quality of the core task and particularly developed within an educational context.
Research limitations/implications
The study provide a presentation of two theoretical frameworks and a discussion of the adequacy of linking these frameworks to the development of team competences in a school context.
Practical implications
The study suggests that organizations and educational institutions (of teachers, physicians, and social workers) may benefit from linking professional capital and facilitating and thereby provide employees and students training in professional collaboration.
Social implications
In a still more complex society, collaboration is crucial. The study suggests ways to improve collaboration, quality of the core task along with the relational dimensions in the psychosocial work environment.
Originality/value
Development of professional capital through increased team competences and facilitating skills represents a new and promising approach with theoretical as well as practical implications within a school context. Indeed, not only school teams but also teams in other organizations dealing with social- task- and contextual complexity can benefit from the insights and experiences of this study.
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Clausen T, Meng A, Borg V. Is Work Group Social Capital Associated With Sickness Absence? A Study of Workplace Registered Sickness Absence at the Work Group Level. Saf Health Work 2020; 11:228-234. [PMID: 32596020 PMCID: PMC7303523 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The concept of social capital has its focus on cooperative relations in the workplace. This study investigates the association between social capital and sickness absence among workers in 41 work groups in the Danish dairy industry and examines the possible effects of an intervention on social capital in the workplace on sickness absence. Methods A sample of 791 dairy workers working in 41 work groups that participated in an intervention study on social capital filled in a questionnaire on four subtypes of social capital, and social capital scores from individual participants were aggregated to the level of work groups. Sickness absence was measured at the level of work groups in company registers as the two-year average percentage of working time lost to sickness absence. Group-level associations between social capital and sickness absence were analyzed using multilevel linear regression analysis. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, group size, and random effects at the workplace level. Results We found statistically significant associations between social capital within work groups, social capital in relation to the immediate manager, and social capital toward the workplace as a whole on the one side and sickness absence on the other side. We found no support for any effects of the intervention on sickness absence. Conclusion The work group level of social capital is associated with the work group level of sickness absence. However, the intervention to enhance group-level social capital had no effect on reducing sickness absence in the intervention group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Clausen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark
| | - Annette Meng
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark
| | - Vilhem Borg
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark
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López-Bueno R, Calatayud J, López-Sánchez GF, Smith L, Andersen LL, Casajús JA. Higher leisure-time physical activity is associated with lower sickness absence: cross-sectional analysis among the general workforce. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:919-925. [PMID: 32162505 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10434-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention of sickness absence (SA) is a major public health challenge. Sufficient levels of physical activity may be an important protective factor. In contrast to the North European countries, little is known about physical activity behavior and its influence over SA in South European countries. METHODS In the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS) 2014, a total of 9512 Spanish workers aged 17 to 70 (46.5% women) replied to questions about SA (last 12 months) and the frequency of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). Multiple linear regression adjusted for age, sex, education, occupational class, smoking habits, body mass index, and chronic disease (diabetes, hypertension, neck pain, low back pain, chronic depression and anxiety) was used to assess associations. RESULTS The average SA among the participants was 6.9 days (SD=33.3) per year, whereas the prevalence of any SA episode was 22.0%. The prevalence of workers performing high or very high LTPA was 31.0%. In final sex and age-stratified fully adjusted models, the association between LTPA and SA remained significant for women aged 44 to 51 (β=-0.07, 95% CI: -0.42 to -0.03) for SA. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that higher LTPA is associated with lower SA in a particular category of workers, that might benefit from physical activity strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén López-Bueno
- Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain - .,National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark -
| | - Joaquín Calatayud
- National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sports and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lars L Andersen
- National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - José A Casajús
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center about Nutrition and Obesity Physiopathology (CIBER-OBN), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Burr H, Berthelsen H, Moncada S, Nübling M, Dupret E, Demiral Y, Oudyk J, Kristensen TS, Llorens C, Navarro A, Lincke HJ, Bocéréan C, Sahan C, Smith P, Pohrt A. The Third Version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire. Saf Health Work 2019; 10:482-503. [PMID: 31890332 PMCID: PMC6933167 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A new third version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III) has been developed in response to trends in working life, theoretical concepts, and international experience. A key component of the COPSOQ III is a defined set of mandatory core items to be included in national short, middle, and long versions of the questionnaire. The aim of the present article is to present and test the reliability of the new international middle version of the COPSOQ III. METHODS The questionnaire was tested among 23,361 employees during 2016-2017 in Canada, Spain, France, Germany, Sweden, and Turkey. A total of 26 dimensions (measured through scales or single items) of the middle version and two from the long version were tested. Psychometric properties of the dimensions were assessed regarding reliability (Cronbach α), ceiling and floor effects (fractions with extreme answers), and distinctiveness (correlations with other dimensions). RESULTS Most international middle dimensions had satisfactory reliability in most countries, though some ceiling and floor effects were present. Dimensions with missing values were rare. Most dimensions had low to medium intercorrelations. CONCLUSIONS The COPSOQ III offers reliable and distinct measures of a wide range of psychosocial dimensions of modern working life in different countries; although a few measures could be improved. Future testing should focus on validation of the COPSOQ items and dimensions using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Such investigations would enhance the basis for recommendations using the COPSOQ III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Burr
- Division 3 Work and Health, Federal Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanne Berthelsen
- Center for Work Life and Evaluation Studies (CTA) and the Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Salvador Moncada
- Union Institute of Work, Environment and Health (ISTAS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthias Nübling
- Freiburg Research Centre for Occupational Sciences (FFAW), Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Yucel Demiral
- Department of Public Health, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - John Oudyk
- Occupational Health Clinics for Ontario Workers (OHCOW), Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Clara Llorens
- Union Institute of Work, Environment and Health (ISTAS), Barcelona, Spain
- Research Group on Psychosocial Risks, Organization of Work and Health (POWAH), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Navarro
- Research Group on Psychosocial Risks, Organization of Work and Health (POWAH), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hans-Joachim Lincke
- Freiburg Research Centre for Occupational Sciences (FFAW), Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Ceyda Sahan
- Department of Public Health, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Peter Smith
- Institute for Work and Health (IWH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anne Pohrt
- Institut für Medizinische Psychologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Can work-unit social capital buffer the association between workplace violence and long-term sickness absence? A prospective cohort study of healthcare employees. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 93:355-364. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Berthelsen H, Westerlund H, Pejtersen JH, Hadzibajramovic E. Construct validity of a global scale for Workplace Social Capital based on COPSOQ III. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221893. [PMID: 31465500 PMCID: PMC6715184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Workplace Social Capital has been suggested as a useful concept when addressing organizational and social factors of the work environment. The overall aim of the present study is to establish and evaluate the construct validity of a measure of Workplace Social Capital based on the operationalization suggested in the third version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial questionnaire. Methods The present study is based on data collected as part of a validation and development project for the use of the Swedish version of COPSOQ at workplaces and includes responses from 1316 human service workers answering a workplace survey. Six items from scales for organizational justice, vertical trust and horizontal trust in COPSOQ III were included in the analyses. Rasch Analysis was used for scale validation. Results The analyses showed that the psychometric properties of the suggested COPSOQ scale for Workplace Social Capital were satisfactory after accommodation for local dependency. Each individual item worked as intended, the scale was unidimensional and functioned invariantly for women and men, and for younger and older employees. The scale was furthermore found to be valid for use for distinguishing groups, not individuals. Conclusion We have established that the scale for Workplace Social Capital measured by COPSOQ III is valid for distinguishing groups, e.g. work teams. The scale exhibits good construct validity as it satisfies the measurement criteria defined by the Rasch model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Berthelsen
- Centre for Work Life and Evaluation Studies (CTA) & Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Hugo Westerlund
- The Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Emina Hadzibajramovic
- The Institute of Stress Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Health Metrics, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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The association of vertical and horizontal workplace social capital with employees' job satisfaction, exhaustion and sleep disturbances: a prospective study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 92:883-890. [PMID: 30969362 PMCID: PMC6609764 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Workplace social capital (WSC) may be beneficial for employees’ health and well-being; however, most studies have analyzed WSC on the individual and not the workplace level. We test whether higher compared to lower levels of vertical WSC (WSC between employees and superiors) and horizontal WSC (WSC between employees), measured at the workplace level, is prospectively associated with higher levels of employees’ well-being. Methods Using data from an intervention study, we analyzed associations between workplace aggregated vertical and horizontal WSC at baseline with job satisfaction, exhaustion and sleep disturbances at 24-months follow-up. The sample included 606 municipal pre-school employees (71 workplaces). We adjusted for individual and workplace characteristics, baseline scores of outcomes, intervention status, and the interaction of exposure with intervention status. We used the Genmod procedure in SAS with a repeated statement to account for correlation of individuals within workplaces. We repeated analyses using individual-level WSC measurements. Results Higher levels of vertical and horizontal WSC at baseline predicted a higher level of job satisfaction (0.20, p = 0.01 and 0.24, p = 0.01, respectively) and a lower level of exhaustion (− 0.33, p = 0.04 and − 0.43, p = 0.04) at follow-up in the most adjusted model. Analyses with individual-level measures yielded similar results and further showed an association of a higher level of horizontal WSC with a lower level of sleep disturbances. Conclusions Higher levels of vertical and horizontal WSC were prospectively associated with better well-being of employees in municipal pre-schools. Workplaces may thus consider focusing on improving WSC as a means for ensuring or improving employees’ well-being. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00420-019-01432-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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16
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Hvidtfeldt UA, Bjorner JB, Jensen JH, Breinegaard N, Hasle P, Bonde JPE, Rod NH. Cohort Profile: The Well-being in HospitAL Employees (WHALE) study. Int J Epidemiol 2018. [PMID: 28637204 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jakob Bue Bjorner
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Quality Metric, Optum Patient Insights, Lincoln, RI, USA
| | - Johan Høy Jensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Breinegaard
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Hasle
- Center for Industrial Production, Department of Business and Management, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Ellekilde Bonde
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naja Hulvej Rod
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Middleton N, Andreou P, Karanikola M, Kouta C, Kolokotroni O, Papastavrou E. Investigation into the metric properties of the workplace social capital questionnaire and its association with self-rated health and psychological distress amongst Greek-Cypriot registered nurses: cross-sectional descriptive study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1061. [PMID: 30139337 PMCID: PMC6108116 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5959-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social capital can been described as an individual or a collective attribute, with structural and cognitive components, and a bonding, bridging and linking typology. While extensively studied in the community, studies in occupational settings are sparse by comparison. Furthermore, there is no uniformity in its measurement. This study investigated the construct validity of a Workplace Social Capital questionnaire (WSC), originally developed in the Finnish Public Sector occupational cohort, in a different socio-cultural setting (Cyprus), language (Greek) and occupational group (Registered Nurses). It also explored its criterion concurrent validity according to observed association with self-rated health and psychological distress. Methods Participants were 10% of all registered nurses (N = 362) who responded to the 8-item WSC scale during a nationwide educational programme. A unidimensional model was compared with the postulated two-factor (structural vs cognitive) and three-factor model (bonding, bridging, linking) in Confirmatory Factor Analyses. The association with self-rated health (0–100 Visual Analogue Scale) and mental distress (GHQ-12 ≥ 4) was assessed in linear and logistic regression models. Results A bonding (Cronbach’s a = 0.76), bridging (a = 0.78) and linking (a = 0.89) structure explained 77.6% of the variance and was a better fit as indicated by goodness of fit indices. Elevated odds of mental distress and poorer self-rated health were observed among participants with the lowest levels of perceived workplace social capital. In adjusted models, associations appeared stronger with bonding social capital (adjOR of mental distress = 2.71 95% CI = 1.08, 6.79) while those with the highest scores rated their health higher by 8.0 points on average (95% CI = 2.1, 13.8). Low linking social capital was also associated with poorer health but no consistent associations were observed with bridging. Conclusion While associations appeared stronger with bonding and linking, this may reflect a weakness of the measure to fully capture bridging social capital. Even though, this aspect might need strengthening, the WSC showed good metric properties in a different setting, language and occupational group. Cross-national and cognitive validation studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicos Middleton
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, 15 Vragadinou Str, 3041, Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - Panayiota Andreou
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, 15 Vragadinou Str, 3041, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Maria Karanikola
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, 15 Vragadinou Str, 3041, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Christiana Kouta
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, 15 Vragadinou Str, 3041, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Ourania Kolokotroni
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, 15 Vragadinou Str, 3041, Limassol, Cyprus.,St George University of London Medical School at the University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Evridiki Papastavrou
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, 15 Vragadinou Str, 3041, Limassol, Cyprus
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18
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Török E, Clark AJ, Jensen JH, Lange T, Bonde JP, Bjorner JB, Rugulies R, Hvidtfeldt UA, Hansen ÅM, Ersbøll AK, Rod NH. Work-unit social capital and long-term sickness absence: a prospective cohort study of 32 053 hospital employees. Occup Environ Med 2018; 75:623-629. [PMID: 29875292 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a lack of studies investigating social capital at the workplace level in small and relatively homogeneous work-units. The aim of the study was to investigate whether work-unit social capital predicts a lower risk of individual long-term sickness absence among Danish hospital employees followed prospectively for 1 year. METHODS This study is based on the Well-being in HospitAL Employees cohort. The study sample consisted of 32 053 individuals nested within 2182 work-units in the Capital Region of Denmark. Work-unit social capital was measured with an eight-item scale covering elements of trust, justice and collaboration between employees and leaders. Social capital at the work-unit level was computed as the aggregated mean of individual-level social capital within each work-unit. Data on long-term sickness absence were retrieved from the employers' payroll system and were operationalised as ≥29 consecutive days of sickness absence. We used a 12-point difference in social capital as the metric in our analyses and conducted two-level hierarchical logistic regression analysis. Adjustments were made for sex, age, seniority, occupational group and part-time work at the individual level, and work-unit size, the proportion of female employees and the proportion of part-time work at the work-unit level. RESULTS The OR for long-term sickness absence associated with a 12-point higher work-unit social capital was 0.73 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.78). Further, we found an association between higher work-unit social capital and lower long-term sickness absence across quartiles of social capital: compared with the lowest quartile, the OR for long-term sickness absence in the highest quartile was 0.51 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.60). CONCLUSION Our study provides support for work-unit social capital being a protective factor for individual long-term sickness absence among hospital employees in the Capital Region of Denmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Török
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alice Jessie Clark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Høy Jensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Theis Lange
- Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Bue Bjorner
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Åse Marie Hansen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette Kjær Ersbøll
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naja Hulvej Rod
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Hansen ASK, Madsen IEH, Thorsen SV, Melkevik O, Bjørner JB, Andersen I, Rugulies R. Does workplace social capital protect against long-term sickness absence? Linking workplace aggregated social capital to sickness absence registry data. Scand J Public Health 2018; 46:290-296. [PMID: 28784025 PMCID: PMC5946659 DOI: 10.1177/1403494817721672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Most previous prospective studies have examined workplace social capital as a resource of the individual. However, literature suggests that social capital is a collective good. In the present study we examined whether a high level of workplace aggregated social capital (WASC) predicts a decreased risk of individual-level long-term sickness absence (LTSA) in Danish private sector employees. METHODS A sample of 2043 employees (aged 18-64 years, 38.5% women) from 260 Danish private-sector companies filled in a questionnaire on workplace social capital and covariates. WASC was calculated by assigning the company-averaged social capital score to all employees of each company. We derived LTSA, defined as sickness absence of more than three weeks, from a national register. We examined if WASC predicted employee LTSA using multilevel survival analyses, while excluding participants with LTSA in the three months preceding baseline. RESULTS We found no statistically significant association in any of the analyses. The hazard ratio for LTSA in the fully adjusted model was 0.93 (95% CI 0.77-1.13) per one standard deviation increase in WASC. When using WASC as a categorical exposure we found a statistically non-significant tendency towards a decreased risk of LTSA in employees with medium WASC (fully adjusted model: HR 0.78 (95% CI 0.48-1.27)). Post hoc analyses with workplace social capital as a resource of the individual showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS WASC did not predict LTSA in this sample of Danish private-sector employees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ida E. H. Madsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ole Melkevik
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Bue Bjørner
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Optum, Lincoln, RI, USA
| | | | - Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Dicke T, Marsh HW, Riley P, Parker PD, Guo J, Horwood M. Validating the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ-II) Using Set-ESEM: Identifying Psychosocial Risk Factors in a Sample of School Principals. Front Psychol 2018; 9:584. [PMID: 29760670 PMCID: PMC5936966 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
School principals world-wide report high levels of strain and attrition resulting in a shortage of qualified principals. It is thus crucial to identify psychosocial risk factors that reflect principals' occupational wellbeing. For this purpose, we used the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ-II), a widely used self-report measure covering multiple psychosocial factors identified by leading occupational stress theories. We evaluated the COPSOQ-II regarding factor structure and longitudinal, discriminant, and convergent validity using latent structural equation modeling in a large sample of Australian school principals (N = 2,049). Results reveal that confirmatory factor analysis produced marginally acceptable model fit. A novel approach we call set exploratory structural equation modeling (set-ESEM), where cross-loadings were only allowed within a priori defined sets of factors, fit well, and was more parsimonious than a full ESEM. Further multitrait-multimethod models based on the set-ESEM confirm the importance of a principal's psychosocial risk factors; Stressors and depression were related to demands and ill-being, while confidence and autonomy were related to wellbeing. We also show that working in the private sector was beneficial for showing a low psychosocial risk, while other demographics have little effects. Finally, we identify five latent risk profiles (high risk to no risk) of school principals based on all psychosocial factors. Overall the research presented here closes the theory application gap of a strong multi-dimensional measure of psychosocial risk-factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Dicke
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Herbert W Marsh
- Department of Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Riley
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip D Parker
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jiesi Guo
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marcus Horwood
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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21
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Framke E, Sørensen OH, Pedersen J, Rugulies R. Effect of a participatory organizational-level occupational health intervention on job satisfaction, exhaustion and sleep disturbances: results of a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1210. [PMID: 27899101 PMCID: PMC5129592 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3871-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We examined whether the implementation of a participatory organizational-level intervention aiming to improve the working environment with a focus on the core task at work, increased job satisfaction and reduced exhaustion and sleep disturbances among pre-school employees. Methods The study sample consisted of 41 intervention group pre-schools with 423 employees and 30 control group pre-schools with 241 employees. The intervention lasted 25 months and consisted of seminars, workshops, and workplace specific intervention activities that were developed by focusing on the core task at work. We analyzed within-group changes in the three outcome variables from baseline to follow-up with t-tests for paired samples, separately for intervention and control group. Between-group differences in changes in the three outcome variables were analyzed using a mixed model with a repeated statement to account for the clustering effect of workplaces. Results Within-group analyses showed that exhaustion decreased statistically significantly in both the intervention and the control group. There were no statistically significantly changes in job satisfaction and sleep disturbances. Between-group analyses showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for changes in any of the outcome variables, neither in the unadjusted or in the adjusted analyses. Conclusions We found no evidence that participating in an organizational-level occupational health intervention aiming to improve the working environment with a focus on the core task at work has an effect on pre-school employees’ job satisfaction, exhaustion and sleep disturbances. Trial registration ISRCTN16271504, November 15, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Framke
- Center for Industrial Production, Aalborg University Copenhagen, A. C. Meyers Vænge 15, DK-2450, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ole Henning Sørensen
- Center for Industrial Production, Aalborg University Copenhagen, A. C. Meyers Vænge 15, DK-2450, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Pedersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, DK-1014, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, DK-1353, Copenhagen, Denmark
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