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Duko B, Bedaso A, Dachew BA, Newnham E, Gebremedhin AT, Tessema G, Einarsdottir K, Alati R, Pereira G. The effect of maternal prenatal tobacco smoking on offspring academic achievement: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Addict Behav 2024; 153:107985. [PMID: 38367506 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.107985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous epidemiological studies examining the prospective association between maternal prenatal tobacco smoking and offspring academic achievement have reported conflicting results. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the magnitude and consistency of association reported by those studies. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis was guided by the PRISMA protocol. Relevant epidemiological studies on the topic were extracted from four main databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Scopus). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to appraise the methodological quality of the included studies. We conducted a narrative assessment of the studies that did not report effect estimates. Inverse variance-weighted random effect meta-analysis was used to combine studies reporting effect sizes to estimate pooled adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022350901). RESULTS Nineteen observational studies, published between 1973 and 2021 with a total of 1.25 million study participants were included in the final review. Of these, fifteen studies (79 %) reported reduced academic achievement in offspring exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco smoking. The eight primary studies (sample size = 723,877) included in the meta-analysis together suggested a 49 % higher risk of reduced academic achievement in offspring exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco smoking when compared to non-exposed offspring (Pooled odds ratio = 1.49, 95 % CI:1.17-1.91). CONCLUSION Our review found a positive association between maternal prenatal tobacco smoking and offspring reduced academic achievement. However, variation in the adjustment of potential confounders and significant heterogeneity across included studies limited more conclusive inference. Mechanistic studies to identify causal pathways and specific academic impacts are needed to inform targeted developmental programs to assist child learning and academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bereket Duko
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; Australian Centre for Precision Health, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Asres Bedaso
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Berihun Assefa Dachew
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Newnham
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; FXB Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Gizachew Tessema
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Kristjana Einarsdottir
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Vatnsmýrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Rosa Alati
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; Institute for Social Sciences Research, The University of Queensland, 80 Meier's Rd, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068 Australia
| | - Gavin Pereira
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; Centre for Fertility and Health (CeFH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Roustaei Z, Heino A, Kiuru-Kuhlefelt S, Morris JK, Glinianaia SV, Garne E, Loane M, Rankin J, Gissler M. Educational achievement of children with selected major congenital anomalies and associated factors: a Finnish registry-based study. Eur J Public Health 2023; 33:1027-1034. [PMID: 37594898 PMCID: PMC10710322 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with major congenital anomalies may be at risk of poor educational outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the educational achievement of children born with major congenital anomalies compared with children without major congenital anomalies in relation to sociodemographic factors. METHODS We performed a registry-based study including 401 544 children in Finland, graduates of the compulsory school who applied to secondary education. We used health data from the Finnish Register of Congenital Malformations for children born from 1995 to 2002 linked with education data from the Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture. We used generalized linear regression to compare the mean grade differences of children with specific major congenital anomalies and 'All anomalies' subgroup (major congenital anomalies, chromosomal syndromes, and multiple anomalies) with reference children. RESULTS Children with major congenital anomalies were less likely to apply for further education than reference children (88.0% vs. 96.8%; odds ratio = 4.13; 95% confidence interval, 3.92-4.36). For most non-chromosomal congenital anomalies, children born with congenital anomalies had similar educational achievement to the reference children. For the 'All anomalies' subgroup, children with congenital anomalies had lower educational achievement than reference children. Among children with congenital anomalies, male sex, lower maternal educational levels and younger maternal age were associated with lower educational achievement. CONCLUSIONS For children applying to further education, most non-chromosomal congenital anomalies were not associated with lower educational achievement. Nevertheless, efforts are needed to improve educational achievement in children with major congenital anomalies associated with maternal sociodemographic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Roustaei
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Heino
- Department of Knowledge Brokers, THL Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sonja Kiuru-Kuhlefelt
- Department of Knowledge Brokers, THL Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joan K Morris
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Ester Garne
- Paediatric Department, Hospital Lillebælt, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Maria Loane
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Belfast, UK
| | - Judith Rankin
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mika Gissler
- Department of Knowledge Brokers, THL Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Saliaj A, Zahaj M, Vasilika P, Mechili EA. Long-term impact of tobacco exposure during pregnancy on children's psychomotor development. Pediatr Int 2023; 65:e15388. [PMID: 36251534 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both active and second-hand smoking (SHS) can cause complications during pregnancy and after delivery. This study aimed to assess how tobacco exposure (active and passive) during the fetal period could impact the psychomotor development of children when they attain the age of 3-6 years. METHODS The study included 160 mothers and their 3-6 year-old children. Two research groups were set up of children born to active or SHS mothers during the period when they were pregnant and a control group of children of non-smoking mothers. The parameters of the psychomotor development of the children were measured using the Age & Stage Questionnaires 3® (ASQ-3). RESULTS Children, whose mothers were smokers themselves or who were exposed to SHS during the period of pregnancy had an average psychomotor development score of 221 points versus 243.5 points in the control group. Twenty-six percent had delays (near or under the cut-off scores) in one of the assessed psychomotor areas and 60% had two or more psychomotor delays; 36% of children whose mothers were not exposed to smoking during pregnancy had normal psychomotor development and only 34% presented multiple psychomotor delays. CONCLUSIONS Fetuses exposed to tobacco are more likely to achieve a psychomotor development in the 'monitor' and 'fail' areas compared to the non-exposed control group. The children exposed to smoking during their fetal development should be considered as a group at risk of developmental delays, therefore they should be closely monitored and supported by caregivers and developmental pediatricians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurela Saliaj
- Department of Health care, Faculty of Health, University 'Ismail Qemali' of Vlora, Vlora, Albania
| | - Majlinda Zahaj
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health, University 'Ismail Qemali' of Vlora, Vlora, Albania
| | - Prifti Vasilika
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health, University 'Ismail Qemali' of Vlora, Vlora, Albania
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The effectiveness of PROMISE minimal smoking cessation intervention strategy to improve the adherence to smoking cessation counselling during pregnancy: A stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial. Midwifery 2022; 111:103364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2022.103364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Arrhenius B, Sariaslan A, Suominen A, Sourander A, Gyllenberg D. Familial confounding affected the associations between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring speech and language, scholastic and coordination disorders. Acta Paediatr 2021; 110:3275-3283. [PMID: 34363238 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study examined the associations between prenatal smoking and speech and language, scholastic, coordination and mixed developmental disorders in offspring, using sibling and population controls. METHODS National Finnish registers were used to identify all 690 654 singletons born between 1996 and 2007 and any cases diagnosed with speech and language, scholastic, coordination and mixed developmental disorders by the end of 2012. Cases were compared to population controls, biological full-siblings and maternal half-siblings born during the same period. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess any associations between smoking during pregnancy and the selected developmental disorders. RESULTS Prenatal smoking was higher in the mothers of the 27 297 cases (21.7%) than the 99 876 population controls (14.5%). The adjusted odds ratio for smoking throughout pregnancy, and any diagnosis of speech and language, scholastic, coordination or mixed developmental disorders, was 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.24-1.34). However, when we compared a subsample of 15 406 cases and their 20 657 siblings, the association was no longer statistically significant (odds ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval 0.98-1.21). CONCLUSION The sibling comparisons suggested that the associations between prenatal smoking and speech and language, scholastic, coordination and mixed developmental disorders were confounded by familial factors shared by differentially exposed siblings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Arrhenius
- Department of Child Psychiatry University of Turku Turku Finland
- INVEST Research Flagship Center University of Turku Turku Finland
- Child and Youth Health Services City of Helsinki Finland
| | - Amir Sariaslan
- Department of Child Psychiatry University of Turku Turku Finland
- Social and Public Policy Unit Faculty of Social Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Auli Suominen
- Department of Child Psychiatry University of Turku Turku Finland
- INVEST Research Flagship Center University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Andre Sourander
- Department of Child Psychiatry University of Turku Turku Finland
- INVEST Research Flagship Center University of Turku Turku Finland
- Department of Child Psychiatry Turku University Hospital Turku Finland
| | - David Gyllenberg
- Department of Child Psychiatry University of Turku Turku Finland
- INVEST Research Flagship Center University of Turku Turku Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki Finland
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Dardani C, Howe LJ, Mukhopadhyay N, Stergiakouli E, Wren Y, Humphries K, Davies A, Ho K, Weinberg SM, Marazita ML, Mangold E, Ludwig KU, Relton CL, Davey Smith G, Lewis SJ, Sandy J, Davies NM, Sharp GC. Cleft lip/palate and educational attainment: cause, consequence or correlation? A Mendelian randomization study. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 49:1282-1293. [PMID: 32373937 PMCID: PMC7660147 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have found that children born with a non-syndromic orofacial cleft have lower-than-average educational attainment. Differences could be due to a genetic predisposition to low intelligence and academic performance, factors arising due to the cleft phenotype (such as social stigmatization, impaired speech/language development) or confounding by the prenatal environment. A clearer understanding of this mechanism will inform interventions to improve educational attainment in individuals born with a cleft, which could substantially improve their quality of life. We assessed evidence for the hypothesis that common variant genetic liability to non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) influences educational attainment. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of nsCL/P with 1692 nsCL/P cases and 4259 parental and unrelated controls. Using GWAS summary statistics, we performed Linkage Disequilibrium (LD)-score regression to estimate the genetic correlation between nsCL/P, educational attainment (GWAS n = 766 345) and intelligence (GWAS n = 257 828). We used two-sample Mendelian randomization to evaluate the causal effects of genetic liability to nsCL/P on educational attainment and intelligence. RESULTS There was limited evidence for shared genetic aetiology or causal relationships between nsCL/P and educational attainment [genetic correlation (rg) -0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.12 to 0.01, P 0.13; MR estimate (βMR) -0.002, 95% CI -0.009 to 0.006, P 0.679) or intelligence (rg -0.04, 95% CI -0.13 to 0.04, P 0.34; βMR -0.009, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.002, P 0.11). CONCLUSIONS Common variants are unlikely to predispose individuals born with nsCL/P to low educational attainment or intelligence. This is an important first step towards understanding the aetiology of low educational attainment in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Dardani
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laurence J Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nandita Mukhopadhyay
- Centre for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Evie Stergiakouli
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,The Cleft Collective, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Yvonne Wren
- The Cleft Collective, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Bristol Speech and Language Therapy Research Unit, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Amy Davies
- The Cleft Collective, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Karen Ho
- The Cleft Collective, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Bristol Bioresource Laboratories, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Seth M Weinberg
- Centre for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Centre for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Kerstin U Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,The Cleft Collective, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jonathan Sandy
- The Cleft Collective, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Neil M Davies
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gemma C Sharp
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,The Cleft Collective, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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A multi-level developmental approach towards understanding adolescent mental health and behaviour: rationale, design and methods of the LIFECOURSE study in Iceland. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:519-529. [PMID: 33236265 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Identifying and understanding modifiable risk and protective factors that can inform early detection and intervention to prevent adolescent emotional problems and harmful behaviours is among the most pressing modern-day public health challenges. This paper describes the rationale, objectives, methods, and anticipated outcomes of the LIFECOURSE study, a multi-level, bio-psychosocial prospective study designed to advance our understanding of factors that shape adolescent mental health and behaviour. METHODS Conducted by the Icelandic Centre for Social Research and Analysis at Reykjavik University, LIFECOURSE is a longitudinal population-based developmental study of Icelandic adolescents born in 2004. The study utilizes a comprehensive multi-informant assessment of individual, societal and biological factors measured across the lifespan. Data assembly and collection were conducted from 2016-2020 and utilize both retrospective and prospective data sources: (a) retrospective registry data assembled from seven national databases, (b) prospectively collected social surveys and (c) biomarker samples. RESULTS Of the 3914 eligible adolescents, 60.8% (n = 2378) provided informed parental consent and student assent to participate in the study, with approximately half of the participants being female (n = 1175, 49.4%) and the majority being born in the capital area (n = 1455; 61.2%). The coverage of available data from the national databases and participation in the social surveys ranged from 81.7 to 100%. CONCLUSIONS Major gaps remain in our knowledge of how individual, societal and biological factors across the lifespan-from early life to adolescence-interact and shape the risk for emotional problems and harmful behaviours during adolescence. The LIFECOURSE study was designed to address this knowledge gap.
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Chan YL, Oliver BG, Chen H. What lessons have we learnt about the impact of maternal cigarette smoking from animal models? Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:337-344. [PMID: 31556137 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Maternal first- or second-hand tobacco smoking during pregnancy is still common albeit that the detrimental effects to the unborn child are well known. Maternal tobacco cigarette smoking can affect multiple organ systems in the offspring, rendering them at increased risk of various conditions throughout life (eg. intrauterine underdevelopment, asthma, substance abuse, diabetes). However, this review will only focus on its impact on the brain and the related molecular changes in the offspring based on evidence from animal studies. Although epidemiological studies have identified the associations between maternal cigarette smoke exposure (SE) and brain disorders, animal models can help identify the underlying mechanisms and test interventions. Human studies have found that maternal SE is closely linked to small brain size and changes in brain structure and associated with a high risk of cognitive defects. Animal models suggest that this may be due to increased brain oxidative stress and inflammation during the neonatal period, leading to increased brain cell apoptosis in adulthood. There is a distinct gender bias of such impacts, where male offspring are more affected than females. Female offspring seem to have developed the adaptation by increasing endogenous antioxidant levels. Indeed, animal studies have shown that using antioxidant supplementation during pregnancy can improve neurological outcomes in male offspring, however, the efficacy in humans is yet to be confirmed. Furthermore, some animal studies suggested nicotine as the key player in intrauterine underdevelopment due to maternal SE, while human clinical trials using nicotine replacement therapy do not support this mechanism. This review will discuss the possible reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yik L Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Kristjansson AL, Thomas S, Lilly CL, Thorisdottir IE, Allegrante JP, Sigfusdottir ID. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and academic achievement of offspring over time: A registry data-based cohort study. Prev Med 2018; 113:74-79. [PMID: 29758305 PMCID: PMC6002605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have assessed the cumulative impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) on scholastic outcomes over time. We examined the relations between MSDP and academic achievement in the 4th, 7th and 10th grades using registry data collected at birth, during the neonatal period, and at each grade level from the 2000, LIFECOURSE study birth cohort in Reykjavik, Iceland (N = 1151, girls = 49.3%). Latent growth modeling showed that MSDP influenced Icelandic achievement scores, standardized to a range from 0 to 60, at baseline (β = -0.04), and over time (β = -0.05). Likewise, MSDP was negatively associated with standardized mathematics scores at baseline (ß = -0.09) and continued to exert a negative impact on mathematics scores over time (ß = -0.08) after controlling for gender, income, cohabitation, and baseline mathematics and Icelandic achievement scores. Results provide evidence of the persistent negative impact of MSDP on academic achievement in offspring. Findings support the proposition that children whose mothers smoke during the first trimester of pregnancy are, on average, at greater risk for poor scholastic outcomes over time than children whose mothers do not smoke during their first trimester. To our knowledge, this is the first study using a longitudinal cohort design to assess whether the impacts of maternal smoking during pregnancy may persist over time. This study contributes to the current state of knowledge by providing an assessment that focuses on the impact of smoking during pregnancy on academic achievement from childhood into early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfgeir L Kristjansson
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Icelandic Center for Social Research and Analysis, Reykjavik University, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Sabena Thomas
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Christa L Lilly
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ingibjorg E Thorisdottir
- Icelandic Center for Social Research and Analysis, Reykjavik University, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - John P Allegrante
- Icelandic Center for Social Research and Analysis, Reykjavik University, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York 10027, NY, USA; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York 10032, NY, USA
| | - Inga Dora Sigfusdottir
- Icelandic Center for Social Research and Analysis, Reykjavik University, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York 10027, NY, USA
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Tsakiridis I, Mamopoulos A, Papazisis G, Petousis S, Liozidou A, Athanasiadis A, Dagklis T. Prevalence of smoking during pregnancy and associated risk factors: a cross-sectional study in Northern Greece. Eur J Public Health 2018; 28:321-325. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Tsakiridis
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolos Mamopoulos
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Papazisis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stamatios Petousis
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasia Liozidou
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Athens Metropolitan College, Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Athanasiadis
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Themistoklis Dagklis
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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