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Straiton M, Liefbroer AC, Hollander AC, Hauge LJ. Sickness absence around contact with outpatient mental health care services - differences between migrants and non-migrants: a Norwegian register study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:428. [PMID: 37316795 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders are a leading cause of sickness absence. Some groups of migrants are at higher risk of both mental disorder and sickness absence. Yet, research on sickness absence in relation to mental disorders among migrants is limited. This study investigates differences in sickness absence in the twelve-month period around contact with outpatient mental health services between non-migrants and various migrant groups with different length of stays. It also considers whether these differences are similar for men and women. METHODS Using linked Norwegian register data, we followed 146,785 individuals, aged 18-66 years, who had attended outpatient mental health services and who had, or had recently had, a stable workforce attachment. The number of days of sickness absence was calculated for the 12-month period surrounding contact with outpatient mental health services. We applied logistic regression and zero-truncated negative binomial regression to assess differences in any sickness absence and number of days of absence between non-migrants and migrants, including refugees and non-refugees. We included interaction terms between migrant category and sex. RESULTS Refugee men and other migrant men from countries outside the European Economic Area (EEA) had a higher probability of any sickness absence in the period surrounding contact with outpatient mental health services than their non-migrant counterparts. Women from EEA countries with stays of less than 15 years had a lower probability than non-migrant women. Additionally, refugees, both men and women, with 6-14 years in Norway had more days of absence while EEA migrants had fewer days than their non-migrant counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Refugee men and other non-EEA migrant men appear to have higher sickness absence than non-migrant men around the time of contact with services. This finding does not apply to women. Several probable reasons for this are discussed, though further research is required to understand why. Targeted strategies to reduce sickness absence and support the return to work for refugees and other non-EEA migrant men are needed. Barriers to timely help-seeking should also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Straiton
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Aart C Liefbroer
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, PO Box 11650, The Hague, 2502 AR, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna-Clara Hollander
- Epidemiology of Psychiatric Conditions, Substance Use and Social Environment, Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Lars Johan Hauge
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
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Pulford A, Thapa A, Thomson RM, Guilding A, Green MJ, Leyland A, Popham F, Katikireddi SV. Does persistent precarious employment affect health outcomes among working age adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health 2022; 76:jech-2022-219292. [PMID: 36137738 PMCID: PMC9554022 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2022-219292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of persistent precarious employment (lasting 12+ months) on the health of working age adults, compared with more stable employment. Persistent precarity reflects a shift towards less secure forms of employment and may be particularly important for health. METHODS Nine databases were systematically searched to identify quantitative studies that assessed the relationship between persistent precarious employment and health outcomes. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using an adaptation of the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool. Narrative synthesis and random effects meta-analysis were conducted. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. RESULTS Of 12 940 records screened, 50 studies met the inclusion criteria and 29 were included in meta-analyses. RoB was generally high (n=18). The most reported outcome domain was mental health; with evidence also reported relating to general health, physical health,and health behaviours. Of GRADE assessed outcomes, persistent precarious employment was associated with increased risk of poor self-rated health (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.14, I2=80%) and mental health symptoms (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.70, I2=65%). The association with all-cause mortality was imprecisely estimated (OR 1.10, 5% CI 0.91 to 1.33, I2=73%). There was very low GRADE certainty across all outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Persistent precarious employment is associated with poorer health, particularly for outcomes with short time lags, though associations are small and causality is highly uncertain. Further research using more robust methods is needed but given potential health harms of persistent precarious employment, exploration of precautionary labour regulations and employment policies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Pulford
- Evidence for Action Team, Public Health Scotland Glasgow Office, Glasgow, UK
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alekh Thapa
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rachel M Thomson
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Annette Guilding
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael James Green
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alastair Leyland
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Frank Popham
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Sandholm K, Winding TN. Work environment and labour market participation in early adulthood. Occup Med (Lond) 2022; 72:324-331. [PMID: 35665830 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigating whether a poor physical or psychosocial work environment is associated with low labour market participation in early adulthood is important to avoid negative health-related consequences and to improve job prospects. AIMS To investigate associations between the physical or psychosocial work environment and labour market participation in early adulthood. METHODS The study was based on data from the West Jutland Cohort, an ongoing study of individuals born in 1989 who lived in the western part of Jutland, Denmark, in 2004. Participants were employed individuals who had questionnaire data on their work environment at age 28 and register information on labour market participation at ages 28-29 (n = 1312). The outcome was categorized into low (>4 weeks) versus high (≤4 weeks) labour market participation based on the total number of weeks receiving any unemployment or health-related benefits during a 52-week period. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine associations between work environment factors and labour market participation, taking confounders into account. RESULTS Low influence, low quality of leadership, high job insecurity and temporary employment were associated with low labour market participation. High job insecurity (OR: 2.2; 95% CI 1.5-3.1) and temporary employment (OR: 3.1; 95% CI 2.1-4.5) were strongly associated with low labour market participation. An association was seen between hard physical work and low labour market participation. CONCLUSIONS Several physical and psychosocial work environment factors, especially high job insecurity and temporary employment, have a negative impact on labour market participation in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sandholm
- Department of Occupational Medicine - University Research Clinic, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Herning, Denmark
| | - T Nøhr Winding
- Department of Occupational Medicine - University Research Clinic, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Herning, Denmark
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Yoshioka T, Okubo R, Tabuchi T, Odani S, Shinozaki T, Tsugawa Y. Factors associated with serious psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: a nationwide cross-sectional internet-based study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e051115. [PMID: 34226236 PMCID: PMC8260284 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the factors associated with serious psychological distress (SPD) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. DESIGN Nationwide cross-sectional study using survey data. SETTING Internet survey using sampling weights for national estimates conducted between 25 August and 30 September 2020 in Japan. EXPOSURES Demographics (age, gender), socioeconomic status (income level, employment type, educational attainment, marital status, family composition and caregiving burden); the experience of domestic violence (DV), the state of emergency and fear of and stigma related to COVID-19. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of SPD, defined as Kessler 6 Scale score ≥13. RESULTS Among 25 482 respondents, 10.0% met the criteria of SPD. Overall, women (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.59; 95% CI 1.17 to 2.16; p=0.003), ages 15-29 (aOR 2.35 compared with ages 45-59 years; 95% CI 1.64 to 3.38; p<0.001), low-income level (aOR 1.70 compared with intermediate income; 95% CI 1.16 to 2.49; p=0.007), providing caregiving to family members (aOR 5.48; 95% CI 3.51 to 8.56; p<0.001), experiencing DV (aOR 5.72; 95% CI 3.81 to 8.59; p<0.001) and fear of COVID-19 (aOR 1.96; 95% CI 1.55 to 2.48; p<0.001) were associated with SPD. Among women aged 15-29 years, who have a higher risk of suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, caregiving, DV, fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19-related stigma were associated with SPD. CONCLUSIONS Economic situation, caregiving burden, DV and fear of COVID-19 were independently associated with SPD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among young women, similar factors, except economic situation, were associated with SPD. Targeted interventions based on age and gender may be more effective in mitigating the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population's mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yoshioka
- Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ryo Okubo
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satomi Odani
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shinozaki
- Department of Information and Computer Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsugawa
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Shiri R, Hakola T, Härmä M, Ropponen A. The associations of working hour characteristics with short sickness absence among part- and full-time retail workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 2021; 47:268-276. [PMID: 33755187 PMCID: PMC8091071 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to determine the associations of working hour characteristics with short (1–3 days) sickness absence (SA) among retail workers. Methods: As part of “RetailHours-project”, 4046 employees of 338 Finnish retail stores were included. Registry-based data on working hour characteristics and short SA were utilized. A case-crossover design was used and the odds ratios (OR) were controlled for the clustering effect and working hour characteristics. Results: There were strong dose–response relationships between percent of short (<11 hours) shift intervals and short SA among part- and full-time workers, men and women, and younger and older workers. Compared to workers without short shift intervals, the risk of SA was 1.47 times [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29–1.68] higher among workers who had short shift intervals <10% of work times, 2.39 times (95% CI 2.03–2.82) higher among workers who had 10–25% of work times, and 4.03 times (CI 2.34–6.93) higher among workers who had short shift intervals >25% of work times. Weekly working hours >40 hours were associated with SA among part-time workers [odds ratio (OR) 2.22, CI 1.65–2.98], women (OR 1.62, CI 1.27–2.07) and among workers <30 years of age (OR 1.68, CI 1.20–2.35) as well as among workers aged ≥30 years (OR 1.43, CI 1.07–1.92). Furthermore, working mainly night shifts was associated with SA among full-time workers (OR 2.41, 95% CI 0.99–5.86) and women (OR 1.72, CI 1.02–2.89). Conclusions: A short shift interval is an important risk factor for short SA. Improving intervals between shifts and shortening long weekly working hours could reduce the risk of short SA among retail workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Shiri
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 18, FI-00032 Työterveyslaitos, Helsinki.
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Yoshioka T, Okubo R, Tabuchi T, Odani S, Shinozaki T, Tsugawa Y. Factors Associated with Serious Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [PMID: 33688666 PMCID: PMC7941641 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.27.21252458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Importance: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have a negative impact on mental health of the population, leading to higher suicide rates, in many countries. However, little is known about risk factors associated with worsened mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To investigate the factors associated with serious psychological distress (SPD) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Design, Setting, and Participants: A cross-sectional study using a large-scale internet survey conducted between August 25 and September 30, 2020, in Japan. Exposures: Demographics (age, gender, marital status, family composition, and caregiving burden), socio-economic status (income level, employment type, educational attainment), the experience of domestic violence (DV), the state of emergency, fear of COVID-19, and stigma related to COVID-19. Main Outcomes and Measures: Prevalence of SPD, defined as Kessler 6 scale score ≥13. Results: Among 25,482 individuals included in this study, 2,556 (10%) met the criteria of SPD. Overall, women (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.59; 95%CI, 1.17–2.16; P=0.003), ages 15–29 (aOR compared with ages 45–59, 2.35; 95%CI, 1.64–3.38; P<0.001), low income (aOR compared with intermediate income, 1.70; 95%CI, 1.16–2.49; P=0.007), providing caregiving to family members (aOR, 5.48; 95%CI, 3.51–8.56; P<0.001), experiencing DV (aOR, 5.72; 95%CI, 3.81–8.59; P<0.001), and fear of COVID-19 (aOR, 1.96; 95%CI, 1.55–2.48; P<0.001) were associated with a higher rate of SPD. Among women aged 15–29 years, who experienced the highest rate of SPD, caregiving, DV, fear of COVID-19, and COVID-19-related stigma were associated with a higher rate of SPD; whereas economic situation (income level and employment type) and social isolation (marital status) were not associated with the prevalence of SPD. Conclusions and Relevance: Economic situation, caregiving burden, DV, and fear of COVID-19 were independently associated with SPD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among young women—who have a higher risk of suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan—similar factors, except economic situation, were associated with a higher rate of SPD. Targeted interventions based on age and gender may be more effective in mitigating the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population’s mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yoshioka
- Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence (CiRCLE), Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ryo Okubo
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satomi Odani
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shinozaki
- Department of Information and Computer Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsugawa
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Ohara K, Suzuki M, Niigata N, Shirai C, Idoguti Y, Kawahira M. [Factors associated with unemployment or job change due to the treatment of designated intractable diseases]. SANGYŌ EISEIGAKU ZASSHI = JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2020; 63:143-153. [PMID: 33342960 DOI: 10.1539/sangyoeisei.2020-039-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Unemployment or job change due to treatment for a disease is affected by various factors such as disease type, degree of disability, and workplace patient support. This study aimed to clarify the factors affecting the unemployment/job-change rate among workers who had designated intractable diseases. METHODS A questionnaire survey was administered to 3210 designated patients with intractable diseases who underwent applications for renewal of medical care subsidies at the Hirakata City Public Health Center during fiscal year 2019 (July-December). Of these patients, 539 workers aged 20-59 years who were employed as regular workers, temporary contract worker/dispatched workers, and part-time workers when they became designated intractable diseases were subjects of the analysis. Unemployment/job-change due to the treatment for a designated intractable disease was treated as an event occurrence, while the absence of unemployment/job-change due to disease at the time of the survey were considered censored cases. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine the trend of the unemployment/job-change rate associated with the duration of work. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the relationship between unemployment/job-change and factors such as gender, age at onset, disease groups, activities of daily living, types of employment, experienced workplace supports (e.g., reduced working hours and hourly paid leave), and existence of insoluble medical difficulties at the workplace. RESULTS The unemployment/job-change rate due to treatment for designated intractable disease was 19.4%. Significantly independent factors of unemployment/job-change were the following: 50s at onset (compared to those in their 30s, HR = 2.55, 95% CI (1.21-5.37)), requiring outing assistance (compared to going out alone, 2.31 (1.13-4.71)), being a temporary contract worker/dispatched worker (compared to a regular worker, 2.66 (1.20-5.89)), existence of insoluble medical difficulties at workplace (4.15 (2.43-7.09)). Experienced workplace support was not a significant factor in preventing unemployment/job-change. CONCLUSIONS Age at onset, degree of disability, form of employment, and existence of insoluble medical difficulties at the workplace were significantly associated with unemployment/job change due to treatment for designated intractable diseases. The relationship between workplace patient supports and unemployment/job-change was not clear, but to reduce medical difficulties in the workplace, workplace supports must be expanded. Given that workplace support is not an obligatory effort for employers, it is necessary to establish a system where employers can easily promote workplace support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenryo Ohara
- Occupational Health Section, Hirakata City Office
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