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Gianniny G, Stark JM, Abbott BW, Lee R, Brahney J. Soil temperature and moisture as key controls of phosphorus export in mountain watersheds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:170958. [PMID: 38365042 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Oligotrophic mountain lakes act as sensitive indicators of landscape-scale changes in mountain regions due to their low nutrient concentration and remote, relatively undisturbed watersheds. Recent research shows that phosphorus (P) concentrations are increasing in mountain lakes around the world, creating more mesotrophic states and altering lake ecosystem structure and function. The relative importance of atmospheric deposition and climate-driven changes to local biogeochemistry in driving these shifts is not well established. In this study, we test whether increasing temperatures in watershed soils may be contributing to the observed increases in mountain lake P loading. Specifically, we test whether higher soil temperatures increase P mobilization from mountain soils by accelerating the rate of geochemical weathering and soil organic matter decomposition. We used paired soil incubation (lab) and soil transplant (field) experiments with mountain soils from around the western United States to test the effects of warming on rain-leachable P concentration, soil P mobilization, and soil respiration. Our results show that while higher temperature can increase soil P mobilization, low soil moisture can limit the effects of warming in some situations. Soils with lower bulk densities, higher pH, lower aluminum oxide contents, and lower ratios of carbon to nitrogen had much higher rain-leachable P concentration across all sites and experimental treatments. Together, these results suggest that mountain watersheds with high-P soils and relatively high soil moisture could have the largest increases in P mobilization with warming. Consequently, lakes and streams in such watersheds could become especially susceptible to soil-driven eutrophication as temperatures rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Gianniny
- Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, United States of America.
| | - John M Stark
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, United States of America
| | - Benjamin W Abbott
- Department of Plant & Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Raymond Lee
- Department of Plant & Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Janice Brahney
- Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, United States of America
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2
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Giorgio M, Niccolò BGM, Benedetta T, Luisa M, Leonardo BF, Gregory B, Pietro B, Alberto A, Domizia D, Emidio A. Fungal and Bacterial Diversity in the Tuber magnatum Ecosystem and Microbiome. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:508-521. [PMID: 35237850 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fungi belonging to the genus Tuber produce edible ascocarps known as truffles. Tuber magnatum Picco may be the most appreciated truffle species given its peculiar aroma. While its life cycle is not yet fully elucidated, some studies demonstrated an active role of microorganisms. The main goal of this study was to determine how the T. magnatum microbiome varies across space and time. To address this, we characterized microbial communities associated with T. magnatum through high-throughput amplicon sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 16S rDNAs in three productive natural sites in Italy across 2 years. At each site, four truffles were sampled as well as the soil underneath and at 40, 100, and 200 cm from the harvesting points, to assess for microbial variation between substrates, years, and sites. A statistically significant site-related effect on microbial communities was identified, whereas only the prokaryotic community was significantly affected by the distance of soil from the truffle. Significant differences between sampling years were also found, demonstrating a possible relation among rainfall precipitation and Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. Thirty-six bacterial OTUs in truffles and 11 bacterial OTUs in soils beneath truffles were identified as indicator taxa. As shown for other truffle species, the dominance of Bradyrhizobium, Rhizobium, and Ensifer spp. within the truffle fruiting body suggests an evolutionary adaptation of this microorganism to the genus Tuber. The present work offers novel and relevant insights into the microbial ecology of T. magnatum ecosystems and fruiting bodies. The function and role of these bacteria in the truffle microbiome and life cycle are in need of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marozzi Giorgio
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Benucci Gian Maria Niccolò
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Turchetti Benedetta
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Massaccesi Luisa
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Baciarelli Falini Leonardo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Bonito Gregory
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Buzzini Pietro
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Agnelli Alberto
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Donnini Domizia
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Albertini Emidio
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
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3
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Barrón-Sandoval A, Martiny JBH, Pérez-Carbajal T, Bullock SH, Leija A, Hernández G, Escalante AE. Functional significance of microbial diversity in arid soils: biological soil crusts and nitrogen fixation as a model system. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:6998555. [PMID: 36690342 PMCID: PMC9923382 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities respond to changes in environmental conditions; however, how compositional shifts affect ecosystem processes is still not well-understood and it is often assumed that different microbial communities will function equally under similar environmental conditions. We evaluated this assumption of functional redundancy using biological soil crusts (BSCs) from two arid ecosystems in Mexico with contrasting climate conditions (hot and cold deserts) following an experimental approach both in the field (reciprocal transplants) and in laboratory conditions (common garden), focusing on the community's composition and potential for nitrogen fixation. Potential of nitrogen fixation was assessed through the acetylene reduction assay. Community composition and diversity was determined with T-RFLPs of nifH gene, high throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and metagenomic libraries. BSCs tended to show higher potential nitrogen fixation rates when experiencing temperatures more similar to their native environment. Moreover, changes in potential nitrogen fixation, taxonomic and functional community composition, and diversity often depended on an interactive effect of origin of the communities and the environment they experienced. We interpret our results as legacy effects that result from ecological specialization of the BSC communities to their native environment. Overall, we present evidence of nonfunctional redundancy of BSCs in terms of nitrogen fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Barrón-Sandoval
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad (LANCIS), Instituto de Ecología, UNAM. Circuito Exterior s/n, junto al Jardín Botánico, Coyacán, Mexico City, 014510, Mexico,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92627, United States
| | - Jennifer B H Martiny
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92627, United States
| | - Teresa Pérez-Carbajal
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad (LANCIS), Instituto de Ecología, UNAM. Circuito Exterior s/n, junto al Jardín Botánico, Coyacán, Mexico City, 014510, Mexico
| | - Stephen H Bullock
- Department of Conservation Biology, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE), Ctra. Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Ensenada, 22860 Baja CA, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Leija
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av, Universidad 1001, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Georgina Hernández
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av, Universidad 1001, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ana E Escalante
- Corresponding author: Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad (LANCIS), Instituto de Ecología, UNAM. Circuito Exterior s/n, junto al Jardín Botánico, Coyacán, Mexico City, 04510. Mexico. Tel: +52(55)5623-7714; E-mail:
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4
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He D, Guo Z, Shen W, Ren L, Sun D, Yao Q, Zhu H. Fungal Communities Are More Sensitive to the Simulated Environmental Changes than Bacterial Communities in a Subtropical Forest: the Single and Interactive Effects of Nitrogen Addition and Precipitation Seasonality Change. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02092-8. [PMID: 35927588 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increased nitrogen deposition (N factor) and changes in precipitation patterns (W factor) can greatly impact soil microbial communities in tropical/subtropical forests. Although knowledge about the effects of a single factor on soil microbial communities is growing rapidly, little is understood about the interactive effects of these two environmental change factors. In this study, we investigated the responses of soil bacterial and fungal communities to the short-term simulated environmental changes (nitrogen addition, precipitation seasonality change, and their combination) in a subtropical forest in South China. The interaction between N and W factors was detected significant for affecting some soil physicochemical properties (such as pH, soil water, and NO3- contents). Fungi were more susceptible to treatment than bacteria in a variety of community traits (alpha, beta diversity, and network topological features). The N and W factors act antagonistically to affect fungal alpha diversity, and the interaction effect was detected significant for the dry season. The topological features of the meta-community (containing both bacteria and fungi) network overrode the alpha and beta diversity of bacterial or fungal communities in explaining the variation of soil enzyme activities. The associations between Ascomycota fungi and Gammaproteobacteria or Alphaproteobacteria might be important in mediating the inter-kingdom interactions. In summary, our results suggested that fungal communities were more sensitive to N and W factors (and their interaction) than bacterial communities, and the treatments' effects were more prominent in the dry season, which may have great consequences in soil processes and ecosystem functions in subtropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Xianlie Road 100#, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Zhiming Guo
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Weijun Shen
- College of Forestry, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Daxue Road 100#, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Lijuan Ren
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Dan Sun
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Qing Yao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Honghui Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Xianlie Road 100#, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
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5
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Abstract
Soil microbes play a central role in ecosystem element cycling. Yet a central question in microbial ecology remains unanswered: to what extent does the taxonomic composition of soil microbial communities mediate biogeochemical process rates? In this quantitative review, we explore the mechanisms that lead to variation in the strength of microbial community structure-function relationships over space and time. To evaluate these mechanisms, we conduct a meta-analysis of studies that have monitored the decomposition of sterilized plant litter inoculated with different microbial assemblages. We find that the influence of microbial community composition on litter decay is pervasive and strong, rivalling in magnitude the influence of litter chemistry on decomposition. However, no single environmental or experimental attribute was correlated with variation in the inoculum effect. These results emphasize the need to better understand ecological dynamics within microbial communities, particularly emergent features such as cross-feeding networks, to improve predictions of soil biogeochemical function.
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6
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Evans S, Allison S, Hawkes C. Microbes, memory, and moisture: predicting microbial moisture responses and their impact on carbon cycling. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Evans
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Program Department of Integrative Biology Michigan State University Hickory Corners MI 49083 USA
| | - Steve Allison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Christine Hawkes
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27607 USA
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Choudoir MJ, DeAngelis KM. A framework for integrating microbial dispersal modes into soil ecosystem ecology. iScience 2022; 25:103887. [PMID: 35243247 PMCID: PMC8866892 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is a fundamental community assembly process that maintains soil microbial biodiversity across spatial and temporal scales, yet the impact of dispersal on ecosystem function is largely unpredictable. Dispersal is unique in that it contributes to both ecological and evolutionary processes and is shaped by both deterministic and stochastic forces. The ecosystem-level ramifications of dispersal outcomes are further compounded by microbial dormancy dynamics and environmental selection. Here we review the knowledge gaps and challenges that remain in defining how dispersal, environmental filtering, and microbial dormancy interact to influence the relationship between microbial community structure and function in soils. We propose the classification of microbial dispersal into three categories, through vegetative or active cells, through dormant cells, and through acellular dispersal, each with unique spatiotemporal dynamics and microbial trait associations. This conceptual framework should improve the integration of dispersal in defining soil microbial community structure-function relationships.
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8
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Rudgers JA, Afkhami ME, Bell-Dereske L, Chung YA, Crawford KM, Kivlin SN, Mann MA, Nuñez MA. Climate Disruption of Plant-Microbe Interactions. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-011720-090819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between plants and microbes have important influences on evolutionary processes, population dynamics, community structure, and ecosystem function. We review the literature to document how climate change may disrupt these ecological interactions and develop a conceptual framework to integrate the pathways of plant-microbe responses to climate over different scales in space and time. We then create a blueprint to aid generalization that categorizes climate effects into changes in the context dependency of plant-microbe pairs, temporal mismatches and altered feedbacks over time, or spatial mismatches that accompany species range shifts. We pair a new graphical model of how plant-microbe interactions influence resistance to climate change with a statistical approach to predictthe consequences of increasing variability in climate. Finally, we suggest pathways through which plant-microbe interactions can affect resilience during recovery from climate disruption. Throughout, we take a forward-looking perspective, highlighting knowledge gaps and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Rudgers
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA;,
| | - Michelle E. Afkhami
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33157, USA
| | - Lukas Bell-Dereske
- Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, Michigan 49060, USA
| | - Y. Anny Chung
- Departments of Plant Biology and Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Kerri M. Crawford
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Stephanie N. Kivlin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Michael A. Mann
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA;,
| | - Martin A. Nuñez
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente, CONICET/Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche 8400, Argentina
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9
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Kivlin SN, Hawkes CV. Spatial and temporal turnover of soil microbial communities is not linked to function in a primary tropical forest. Ecology 2020; 101:e02985. [PMID: 31958139 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The spatial and temporal linkages between turnover of soil microbial communities and their associated functions remain largely unexplored in terrestrial ecosystems. Yet defining these relationships and how they vary across ecosystems and microbial lineages is key to incorporating microbial communities into ecological forecasts and ecosystem models. To define linkages between turnover of soil bacterial and fungal communities and their function we sampled fungal and bacterial composition, abundance, and enzyme activities across a 3-ha area of wet tropical primary forest over 2 yr. We show that fungal and bacterial communities both exhibited temporal turnover, but turnover of both groups was much lower than in temperate ecosystems. Turnover over time was driven by gain and loss of microbial taxa and not changes in abundance of individual species present in multiple samples. Only fungi varied over space with idiosyncratic variation that did not increase linearly with distance among sampling locations. Only phosphorus-acquiring enzyme activities were linked to shifts in septate, decomposer fungal abundance; no enzymes were affected by composition or diversity of fungi or bacteria. Although temporal and spatial variation in composition was appreciable, because turnover of microbial communities did not alter the functional repertoire of decomposing enzymes, functional redundancy among taxa may be high in this ecosystem. Slow temporal turnover of tropical soil microbial communities and large functional redundancy suggests that shifts in abundance of particular functional groups may capture ecosystem function more accurately than composition in these heterogeneous ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N Kivlin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Christine V Hawkes
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
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Cobian GM, Egan CP, Amend AS. Plant-microbe specificity varies as a function of elevation. THE ISME JOURNAL 2019; 13:2778-2788. [PMID: 31300724 PMCID: PMC6794252 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Specialized associations between interacting species fundamentally determine the diversity and distribution of both partners. How the specialization of guilds of organisms varies along environmental gradients underpins popular theories of biogeography and macroecology, whereas the degree of specialization of a species is typically considered fixed. However, the extent to which environmental context impacts specialization dynamics is seldom examined empirically. In this study, we examine how specialization within a bipartite network consisting of three co-occurring plant species and their foliar fungal endophyte symbionts changes along a 1000-meter elevation gradient where host species were held constant. The gradient, along the slope of Mauna Loa shield volcano, represents almost the entire elevational range of two of the three plants. Network and plant specialization values displayed a parabolic relationship with elevation, and were highest at middle elevations, whereas bipartite associations were least specific at low and high elevations. Shannon's diversity of fungal endophytes correlated negatively with specificity, and was highest at the ends of the transects. Although plant host was a strong determinant of fungal community composition within sites, fungal species turnover was high among sites. There was no evidence of spatial or elevational patterning in fungal community compositon. Our work demonstrates that specificity can be a plastic trait, which is influenced by the environment and centrality of the host within its natural range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald M Cobian
- Department of Botany, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Cameron P Egan
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Anthony S Amend
- Department of Botany, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
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11
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The Fate of Chemical Pollutants with Soil Properties and Processes in the Climate Change Paradigm—A Review. SOIL SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems2030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal(loid)s and organic contaminants are two major groups of pollutants in soils. The fate and exposure of such pollutants in soil depends on their chemical properties, speciation, and soil properties. Soil properties and processes that control the toxicological aspects of pollutants include temperature, moisture, organic matter, mineral fractions, and microbial activities. These processes are vulnerable to climate change associated with global warming, including increased incidences of extreme rainfall, extended dry periods, soil erosion, and a rise in sea level. Here we explain evidence that relates to the effects of climate change-driven soil processes on the mobility, transport, and storage of pollutants in soil. The review found that changes in climate could increase human exposure to soil contaminants mainly due to processes involving soil organic carbon (SOC), surface runoff, redox state, and microbial community. However, uncertainties remain in relation to the extent of contaminant toxicity to human health, which is linked to global change drivers.
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