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Alcamán-Arias ME, Cifuentes-Anticevic J, Castillo-Inaipil W, Farías L, Sanhueza C, Fernández-Gómez B, Verdugo J, Abarzua L, Ridley C, Tamayo-Leiva J, Díez B. Dark Diazotrophy during the Late Summer in Surface Waters of Chile Bay, West Antarctic Peninsula. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061140. [PMID: 35744658 PMCID: PMC9227844 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although crucial for the addition of new nitrogen in marine ecosystems, dinitrogen (N2) fixation remains an understudied process, especially under dark conditions and in polar coastal areas, such as the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). New measurements of light and dark N2 fixation rates in parallel with carbon (C) fixation rates, as well as analysis of the genetic marker nifH for diazotrophic organisms, were conducted during the late summer in the coastal waters of Chile Bay, South Shetland Islands, WAP. During six late summers (February 2013 to 2019), Chile Bay was characterized by high NO3− concentrations (~20 µM) and an NH4+ content that remained stable near 0.5 µM. The N:P ratio was approximately 14.1, thus close to that of the Redfield ratio (16:1). The presence of Cluster I and Cluster III nifH gene sequences closely related to Alpha-, Delta- and, to a lesser extent, Gammaproteobacteria, suggests that chemosynthetic and heterotrophic bacteria are primarily responsible for N2 fixation in the bay. Photosynthetic carbon assimilation ranged from 51.18 to 1471 nmol C L−1 d−1, while dark chemosynthesis ranged from 9.24 to 805 nmol C L−1 d−1. N2 fixation rates were higher under dark conditions (up to 45.40 nmol N L−1 d−1) than under light conditions (up to 7.70 nmol N L−1 d−1), possibly contributing more than 37% to new nitrogen-based production (≥2.5 g N m−2 y−1). Of all the environmental factors measured, only PO43- exhibited a significant correlation with C and N2 rates, being negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with dark chemosynthesis and N2 fixation under the light condition, revealing the importance of the N:P ratio for these processes in Chile Bay. This significant contribution of N2 fixation expands the ubiquity and biological potential of these marine chemosynthetic diazotrophs. As such, this process should be considered along with the entire N cycle when further reviewing highly productive Antarctic coastal waters and the diazotrophic potential of the global marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E. Alcamán-Arias
- Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (M.E.A.-A.); (L.F.); (L.A.)
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (C.R.); (J.T.-L.)
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil 0901952, Ecuador
| | - Jerónimo Cifuentes-Anticevic
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (J.C.-A.); (W.C.-I.); (C.S.); (B.F.-G.)
| | - Wilson Castillo-Inaipil
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (J.C.-A.); (W.C.-I.); (C.S.); (B.F.-G.)
| | - Laura Farías
- Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (M.E.A.-A.); (L.F.); (L.A.)
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (C.R.); (J.T.-L.)
| | - Cynthia Sanhueza
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (J.C.-A.); (W.C.-I.); (C.S.); (B.F.-G.)
| | - Beatriz Fernández-Gómez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (J.C.-A.); (W.C.-I.); (C.S.); (B.F.-G.)
- Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global (IOCAG), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35001 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Josefa Verdugo
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;
| | - Leslie Abarzua
- Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (M.E.A.-A.); (L.F.); (L.A.)
| | - Christina Ridley
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (C.R.); (J.T.-L.)
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (J.C.-A.); (W.C.-I.); (C.S.); (B.F.-G.)
| | - Javier Tamayo-Leiva
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (C.R.); (J.T.-L.)
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (J.C.-A.); (W.C.-I.); (C.S.); (B.F.-G.)
- Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2085, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Beatriz Díez
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (C.R.); (J.T.-L.)
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (J.C.-A.); (W.C.-I.); (C.S.); (B.F.-G.)
- Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2085, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Correspondence:
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2
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Grattepanche JD, Jeffrey WH, Gast RJ, Sanders RW. Diversity of Microbial Eukaryotes Along the West Antarctic Peninsula in Austral Spring. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:844856. [PMID: 35651490 PMCID: PMC9149413 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.844856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During a cruise from October to November 2019, along the West Antarctic Peninsula, between 64.32 and 68.37°S, we assessed the diversity and composition of the active microbial eukaryotic community within three size fractions: micro- (> 20 μm), nano- (20-5 μm), and pico-size fractions (5-0.2 μm). The communities and the environmental parameters displayed latitudinal gradients, and we observed a strong similarity in the microbial eukaryotic communities as well as the environmental parameters between the sub-surface and the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) depths. Chlorophyll concentrations were low, and the mixed layer was shallow for most of the 17 stations sampled. The richness of the microplankton was higher in Marguerite Bay (our southernmost stations), compared to more northern stations, while the diversity for the nano- and pico-plankton was relatively stable across latitude. The microplankton communities were dominated by autotrophs, mostly diatoms, while mixotrophs (phototrophs-consuming bacteria and kleptoplastidic ciliates, mostly alveolates, and cryptophytes) were the most abundant and active members of the nano- and picoplankton communities. While phototrophy was the dominant trophic mode, heterotrophy (mixotrophy, phagotrophy, and parasitism) tended to increase southward. The samples from Marguerite Bay showed a distinct community with a high diversity of nanoplankton predators, including spirotrich ciliates, and dinoflagellates, while cryptophytes were observed elsewhere. Some lineages were significantly related-either positively or negatively-to ice coverage (e.g., positive for Pelagophyceae, negative for Spirotrichea) and temperature (e.g., positive for Cryptophyceae, negative for Spirotrichea). This suggests that climate changes will have a strong impact on the microbial eukaryotic community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wade H. Jeffrey
- Center for Environmental Diagnostics and Bioremediation, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, United States
| | - Rebecca J. Gast
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Pensacola, MA, United States
| | - Robert W. Sanders
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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3
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Alcamán-Arias ME, Cifuentes-Anticevic J, Díez B, Testa G, Troncoso M, Bello E, Farías L. Surface Ammonia-Oxidizer Abundance During the Late Summer in the West Antarctic Coastal System. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:821902. [PMID: 35401462 PMCID: PMC8992545 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.821902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine ammonia oxidizers that oxidize ammonium to nitrite are abundant in polar waters, especially during the winter in the deeper mixed-layer of West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) waters. However, the activity and abundance of ammonia-oxidizers during the summer in surface coastal Antarctic waters remain unclear. In this study, the ammonia-oxidation rates, abundance and identity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) were evaluated in the marine surface layer (to 30 m depth) in Chile Bay (Greenwich Island, WAP) over three consecutive late-summer periods (2017, 2018, and 2019). Ammonia-oxidation rates of 68.31 nmol N L−1 day−1 (2018) and 37.28 nmol N L−1 day−1 (2019) were detected from illuminated 2 m seawater incubations. However, high ammonia-oxidation rates between 267.75 and 109.38 nmol N L−1 day−1 were obtained under the dark condition at 30 m in 2018 and 2019, respectively. During the late-summer sampling periods both stratifying and mixing events occurring in the water column over short timescales (February–March). Metagenomic analysis of seven nitrogen cycle modules revealed the presence of ammonia-oxidizers, such as the Archaea Nitrosopumilus and the Bacteria Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira, with AOA often being more abundant than AOB. However, quantification of specific amoA gene transcripts showed number of AOB being two orders of magnitude higher than AOA, with Nitrosomonas representing the most transcriptionally active AOB in the surface waters. Additionally, Candidatus Nitrosopelagicus and Nitrosopumilus, phylogenetically related to surface members of the NP-ε and NP-γ clades respectively, were the predominant AOA. Our findings expand the known distribution of ammonium-oxidizers to the marine surface layer, exposing their potential ecological role in supporting the marine Antarctic system during the productive summer periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Alcamán-Arias
- Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | - Beatriz Díez
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Giovanni Testa
- Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Programa de Postgrado en Oceanografía, Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Research Center Dynamics of High Latitude Marine Ecosystems (IDEAL), Punta Arenas, Chile
| | | | - Estrella Bello
- Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Laura Farías
- Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago, Chile
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4
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Sow SLS, Brown MV, Clarke LJ, Bissett A, van de Kamp J, Trull TW, Raes EJ, Seymour JR, Bramucci AR, Ostrowski M, Boyd PW, Deagle BE, Pardo PC, Sloyan BM, Bodrossy L. Biogeography of Southern Ocean prokaryotes: a comparison of the Indian and Pacific sectors. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:2449-2466. [PMID: 35049099 PMCID: PMC9303206 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the Southern Ocean (SO) prokaryote community structure via zero‐radius operational taxonomic unit (zOTU) libraries generated from 16S rRNA gene sequencing of 223 full water column profiles. Samples reveal the prokaryote diversity trend between discrete water masses across multiple depths and latitudes in Indian (71–99°E, summer) and Pacific (170–174°W, autumn‐winter) sectors of the SO. At higher taxonomic levels (phylum‐family) we observed water masses to harbour distinct communities across both sectors, but observed sectorial variations at lower taxonomic levels (genus‐zOTU) and relative abundance shifts for key taxa such as Flavobacteria, SAR324/Marinimicrobia, Nitrosopumilus and Nitrosopelagicus at both epi‐ and bathy‐abyssopelagic water masses. Common surface bacteria were abundant in several deep‐water masses and vice‐versa suggesting connectivity between surface and deep‐water microbial assemblages. Bacteria from same‐sector Antarctic Bottom Water samples showed patchy, high beta‐diversity which did not correlate well with measured environmental parameters or geographical distance. Unconventional depth distribution patterns were observed for key archaeal groups: Crenarchaeota was found across all depths in the water column and persistent high relative abundances of common epipelagic archaeon Nitrosopelagicus was observed in deep‐water masses. Our findings reveal substantial regional variability of SO prokaryote assemblages that we argue should be considered in wide‐scale SO ecosystem microbial modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swan L S Sow
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia.,Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Mark V Brown
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Laurence J Clarke
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia.,Australian Antarctic Division, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania, 7050, Australia
| | - Andrew Bissett
- Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Jodie van de Kamp
- Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Thomas W Trull
- Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Eric J Raes
- Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Justin R Seymour
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Anna R Bramucci
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Martin Ostrowski
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Philip W Boyd
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Bruce E Deagle
- Australian Antarctic Division, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania, 7050, Australia.,National Collections & Marine Infrastructure, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Paula C Pardo
- Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Bernadette M Sloyan
- Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Levente Bodrossy
- Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
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5
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Antarctic polyester hydrolases degrade aliphatic and aromatic polyesters at moderate temperatures. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 88:e0184221. [PMID: 34705547 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01842-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most widely used synthetic plastics in the packaging industry, and consequently has become one of the main components of plastic waste found in the environment. However, several microorganisms have been described to encode enzymes that catalyze the depolymerization of PET. While most known PET hydrolases are thermophilic and require reaction temperatures between 60°C to 70°C for an efficient hydrolysis of PET, a partial hydrolysis of amorphous PET at lower temperatures by the polyester hydrolase IsPETase from the mesophilic bacterium Ideonella sakaiensis has also been reported. We show that polyester hydrolases from the Antarctic bacteria Moraxella sp. strain TA144 (Mors1) and Oleispira antarctica RB-8 (OaCut) were able to hydrolyze the aliphatic polyester polycaprolactone as well as the aromatic polyester PET at a reaction temperature of 25°C. Mors1 caused a weight loss of amorphous PET films and thus constitutes a PET-degrading psychrophilic enzyme. Comparative modelling of Mors1 showed that the amino acid composition of its active site resembled both thermophilic and mesophilic PET hydrolases. Lastly, bioinformatic analysis of Antarctic metagenomic samples demonstrated that members of the Moraxellaceae family carry candidate genes coding for further potential psychrophilic PET hydrolases. IMPORTANCE A myriad of consumer products contains polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a plastic that has accumulated as waste in the environment due to its long-term stability and poor waste management. One promising solution is the enzymatic biodegradation of PET, with most known enzymes only catalyzing this process at high temperatures. Here, we bioinformatically identified and biochemically characterized an enzyme from an Antarctic organism that degrades PET at 25°C with similar efficiency than the few PET-degrading enzymes active at moderate temperatures. Reasoning that Antarctica harbors other PET-degrading enzymes, we analyzed available data from Antarctic metagenomic samples and successfully identified other potential enzymes. Our findings contribute to increasing the repertoire of known PET-degrading enzymes that are currently being considered as biocatalysts for the biological recycling of plastic waste.
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Abstract
Microbial proton-pumping rhodopsins are considered the simplest strategy among phototrophs to conserve energy from light. Proteorhodopsins are the most studied rhodopsins thus far because of their ubiquitous presence in the ocean, except in Antarctica, where they remain understudied. We analyzed proteorhodopsin abundance and transcriptional activity in the Western Antarctic coastal seawaters. Combining quantitative PCR (qPCR) and metagenomics, the relative abundance of proteorhodopsin-bearing bacteria accounted on average for 17, 3.5, and 29.7% of the bacterial community in Chile Bay (South Shetland Islands) during 2014, 2016, and 2017 summer-autumn, respectively. The abundance of proteorhodopsin-bearing bacteria changed in relation to environmental conditions such as chlorophyll a and temperature. Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Flavobacteriia were the main bacteria that transcribed the proteorhodopsin gene during day and night. Although green light-absorbing proteorhodopsin genes were more abundant than blue-absorbing ones, the latter were transcribed more intensely, resulting in >50% of the proteorhodopsin transcripts during the day and night. Flavobacteriia were the most abundant proteorhodopsin-bearing bacteria in the metagenomes; however, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were more represented in the metatranscriptomes, with qPCR quantification suggesting the dominance of the active SAR11 clade. Our results show that proteorhodopsin-bearing bacteria are prevalent in Antarctic coastal waters in late austral summer and early autumn, and their ecological relevance needs to be elucidated to better understand how sunlight energy is used in this marine ecosystem. IMPORTANCE Proteorhodopsin-bearing microorganisms in the Southern Ocean have been overlooked since their discovery in 2000. The present study identify taxonomy and quantify the relative abundance of proteorhodopsin-bearing bacteria and proteorhodopsin gene transcription in the West Antarctic Peninsula's coastal waters. This information is crucial to understand better how sunlight enters this marine environment through alternative ways unrelated to chlorophyll-based strategies. The relative abundance of proteorhodopsin-bearing bacteria seems to be related to environmental parameters (e.g., chlorophyll a, temperature) that change yearly at the coastal water of the West Antarctic Peninsula during the austral late summers and early autumns. Proteorhodopsin-bearing bacteria from Antarctic coastal waters are potentially able to exploit both the green and blue spectrum of sunlight and are a prevalent group during the summer in this polar environment.
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7
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Liu Q, Zhao Q, McMinn A, Yang EJ, Jiang Y. Planktonic microbial eukaryotes in polar surface waters: recent advances in high-throughput sequencing. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 3:94-102. [PMID: 37073396 PMCID: PMC10064379 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-020-00062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Marine microbial eukaryotes are important primary producers and play critical roles in key biogeochemical cycles. Recent advances in sequencing technology have focused attention on the extent of microbial biodiversity, revealing a huge, previously underestimated phylogenetic diversity with many new lineages. This technology has now become the most important tool to understand the ecological significance of this huge and novel diversity in polar oceans. In particular, high-throughput sequencing technologies have been successfully applied to enumerate and compare marine microbial diversity in polar environments. Here, a brief overview of polar microbial eukaryote diversity, as revealed by in-situ surveys of the high-throughput sequencing on 18S rRNA gene, is presented. Using these 'omic' approaches, further attention still needs to be focused on differences between specific locations and/or entire polar oceans and on bipolar comparisons of diversity and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Key Lab of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Qiannan Zhao
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Key Lab of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Andrew McMinn
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Eun Jin Yang
- Division of Polar Ocean Environment, Korea Polar Research Institute, 213-3 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 406-840 Korea
| | - Yong Jiang
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Key Lab of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
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8
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Annual phytoplankton dynamics in coastal waters from Fildes Bay, Western Antarctic Peninsula. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1368. [PMID: 33446791 PMCID: PMC7809266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Year-round reports of phytoplankton dynamics in the West Antarctic Peninsula are rare and mainly limited to microscopy and/or pigment-based studies. We analyzed the phytoplankton community from coastal waters of Fildes Bay in the West Antarctic Peninsula between January 2014 and 2015 using metabarcoding of the nuclear and plastidial 18/16S rRNA gene from both size-fractionated and flow cytometry sorted samples. Overall 14 classes of photosynthetic eukaryotes were present in our samples with the following dominating: Bacillariophyta (diatoms), Pelagophyceae and Dictyochophyceae for division Ochrophyta, Mamiellophyceae and Pyramimonadophyceae for division Chlorophyta, Haptophyta and Cryptophyta. Each metabarcoding approach yielded a different image of the phytoplankton community with for example Prymnesiophyceae more prevalent in plastidial metabarcodes and Mamiellophyceae in nuclear ones. Diatoms were dominant in the larger size fractions and during summer, while Prymnesiophyceae and Cryptophyceae were dominant in colder seasons. Pelagophyceae were particularly abundant towards the end of autumn (May). In addition of Micromonas polaris and Micromonas sp. clade B3, both previously reported in Arctic waters, we detected a new Micromonas 18S rRNA sequence signature, close to, but clearly distinct from M. polaris, which potentially represents a new clade specific of the Antarctic. These results highlight the need for complementary strategies as well as the importance of year-round monitoring for a comprehensive description of phytoplankton communities in Antarctic coastal waters.
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Alcamán-Arias ME, Fuentes-Alburquenque S, Vergara-Barros P, Cifuentes-Anticevic J, Verdugo J, Polz M, Farías L, Pedrós-Alió C, Díez B. Coastal Bacterial Community Response to Glacier Melting in the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010088. [PMID: 33401391 PMCID: PMC7823458 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Current warming in the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) has multiple effects on the marine ecosystem, modifying the trophic web and the nutrient regime. In this study, the effect of decreased surface salinity on the marine microbial community as a consequence of freshening from nearby glaciers was investigated in Chile Bay, Greenwich Island, WAP. In the summer of 2016, samples were collected from glacier ice and transects along the bay for 16S rRNA gene sequencing, while in situ dilution experiments were conducted and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metatranscriptomic analysis. The results reveal that certain common seawater genera, such as Polaribacter, Pseudoalteromonas and HTCC2207, responded positively to decreased salinity in both the bay transect and experiments. The relative abundance of these bacteria slightly decreased, but their functional activity was maintained and increased the over time in the dilution experiments. However, while ice bacteria, such as Flavobacterium and Polaromonas, tolerated the increased salinity after mixing with seawater, their gene expression decreased considerably. We suggest that these bacterial taxa could be defined as sentinels of freshening events in the Antarctic coastal system. Furthermore, these results suggest that a significant portion of the microbial community is resilient and can adapt to disturbances, such as freshening due to the warming effect of climate change in Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Estrella Alcamán-Arias
- Department of Oceanography, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4030000, Chile; (M.E.A.-A.); (L.F.)
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil 0901952, Ecuador
| | - Sebastián Fuentes-Alburquenque
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8370993, Chile;
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8370993, Chile
| | - Pablo Vergara-Barros
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (P.V.-B.); (J.C.-A.)
| | - Jerónimo Cifuentes-Anticevic
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (P.V.-B.); (J.C.-A.)
| | - Josefa Verdugo
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;
| | - Martin Polz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Laura Farías
- Department of Oceanography, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4030000, Chile; (M.E.A.-A.); (L.F.)
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Carlos Pedrós-Alió
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Beatriz Díez
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (P.V.-B.); (J.C.-A.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Chen Q, Zhu B, Sun D, Liu W, Sun X, Duan S. The effect of protocatechuic acid on the phycosphere in harmful algal bloom species Scrippsiella trochoidea. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 227:105591. [PMID: 32853898 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of allelopathy and the potential harm of several isolated allelochemicals have been studied in detail. Microorganisms in the phycosphere play an important role in algal growth, decay and nutrient cycling. However, it is unknown and often neglected whether allelochemicals affect the phycosphere. The present study selected a phenolic acid protocatechuic acid (PA) - previously shown to be an allelochemical. We studied PA at a half maximal effective concentration of 0.20 mM (30 mg L-1) against Scrippsiella trochoidea to assess the effect of PA on its phycosphere in an acute time period (48 h). The results showed that: 1) OTUs (operational taxonomic units) in the treatment groups (31.4 ± 0.55) exceeded those of the control groups (28.2 ± 1.30) and the Shannon and Simpson indices were lower than the control groups (3.31 ± 0.08 and 0.84 ± 0.02, 3.45 ± 0.09 and 0.88 ± 0.01); 2) Gammaproteobacteria predominated in the treatment groups (44.71 ± 2.13 %) while Alphaproteobacteria dominated in the controls (67.17 ± 3.87 %); 3) Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria were important biomarkers in the treatment and control groups respectively (LDA > 4.0). PA improved the relative abundance of Alteromonas significantly and decreased the one of Rhodobacteraceae. PICRUSt analysis showed that the decrease of Rhodobacterceae was closely related with the decline of most functional genes in metabolism such as amino acid, carbohydrate, xenobiotics, cofactors and vitamins metabolism after PA-treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, State Defense Key Laboratory of the Nuclear Waste and Environmental Security, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Weijie Liu
- South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xian Sun
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Shunshan Duan
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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11
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Liu Q, Jiang Y. Application of microbial network analysis to discriminate environmental heterogeneity in Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 156:111244. [PMID: 32510386 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to determine the practicability of developing a protocol for bioassessing polar marine environment based on network analysis, microplankton communities and co-occurrence patterns at Ardley Cove and Great Wall Cove (King George Island, Antarctica) were studied in January 2016 through high-through sequencing. The spatial patterns and significant differences between community structures in two coves clearly reflect those in environmental heterogeneity. Moreover, both coves had their discriminated network structure and keystones. Then multivariate analyses to quantify the relationship between environmental variation and planktonic microbes response, give further evidence that nitrate and temperature, alone or in combination with other several parameters, structuring the communities respectively indeed. This study presents the first detailed description on co-occurrence networks between microbes and local environmental parameters in Antarctic coastal water. These findings suggest that co-occurrence networks based on planktonic microbes have the robust potential to assess environmental heterogeneity in polar marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Lab of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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12
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Piffaretti JC, Schink B, Semenza JC. Editorial to the thematic issue climate change and microbiology. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 365:4990562. [PMID: 29718292 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernhard Schink
- Department of Biology, Microbial Ecology, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jan C Semenza
- Scientific Assessment Section, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Gustav III:s boulevard 40, 169 73 Solna, Sweden
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Alarcón-Schumacher T, Guajardo-Leiva S, Antón J, Díez B. Elucidating Viral Communities During a Phytoplankton Bloom on the West Antarctic Peninsula. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1014. [PMID: 31139164 PMCID: PMC6527751 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In Antarctic coastal waters where nutrient limitations are low, viruses are expected to play a major role in the regulation of bloom events. Despite this, research in viral identification and dynamics is scarce, with limited information available for the Southern Ocean (SO). This study presents an integrative-omics approach, comparing variation in the viral and microbial active communities on two contrasting sample conditions from a diatom-dominated phytoplankton bloom occurring in Chile Bay in the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) in the summer of 2014. The known viral community, initially dominated by Myoviridae family (∼82% of the total assigned reads), changed to become dominated by Phycodnaviridae (∼90%), while viral activity was predominantly driven by dsDNA members of the Phycodnaviridae (∼50%) and diatom infecting ssRNA viruses (∼38%), becoming more significant as chlorophyll a increased. A genomic and phylogenetic characterization allowed the identification of a new viral lineage within the Myoviridae family. This new lineage of viruses infects Pseudoalteromonas and was dominant in the phage community. In addition, a new Phycodnavirus (PaV) was described, which is predicted to infect Phaeocystis antarctica, the main blooming haptophyte in the SO. This work was able to identify the changes in the main viral players during a bloom development and suggests that the changes observed in the virioplankton could be used as a model to understand the development and decay of blooms that occur throughout the WAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Alarcón-Schumacher
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sergio Guajardo-Leiva
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Josefa Antón
- Department of Physiology, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Beatriz Díez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR2), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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