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Alvarez Hayes J, Blancá B, Gorgojo JP, Baroli C, Carrica MDC, Rodriguez ME. Bordetella pertussis outer membrane vesicles impair neutrophil bactericidal activity. Microbes Infect 2024:105375. [PMID: 38849071 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophils constitute the primary defense against bacterial infections, yet certain pathogens express virulence factors that enable them to subvert neutrophils-mediated killing. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have emerged as a secretory system through which bacteria deliver virulence factors to host cells. OMVs from Bordetella pertussis, the etiological agent of whooping cough, are loaded with most of bacterial virulence factors, including CyaA, which plays a key role in B. pertussis evasion of neutrophils bactericidal activity. In our study, we investigated the role of B. pertussis OMVs in bacterial interaction with neutrophils. We observed that interaction of OMVs with neutrophils led to a decrease in the expression of cell surface CR3 and FcγRs, an effect dependent on the CyaA toxin delivered by these vesicles. This decreased receptor expression led to reduced bacterial uptake by neutrophils, irrespective of the presence of opsonic antibodies. Moreover, CyaA delivered by OMVs hindered intracellular bactericidal trafficking, promoting bacterial intracellular survival. When both bacteria and OMVs were opsonized, competition between opsonized OMVs and B. pertussis for FcγRs on neutrophils led to a significant decrease in bacterial uptake. Overall, our findings suggest that B. pertussis OMVs promote bacterial survival to the encounter with neutrophils in both naïve and immunized individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Alvarez Hayes
- CINDEFI (UNLP CONICET La Plata), School of Sciences, La Plata National University, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Bruno Blancá
- CINDEFI (UNLP CONICET La Plata), School of Sciences, La Plata National University, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Gorgojo
- CINDEFI (UNLP CONICET La Plata), School of Sciences, La Plata National University, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlos Baroli
- CINDEFI (UNLP CONICET La Plata), School of Sciences, La Plata National University, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Maria Eugenia Rodriguez
- CINDEFI (UNLP CONICET La Plata), School of Sciences, La Plata National University, La Plata, Argentina
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2
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Abu-Raya B, Esser MJ, Nakabembe E, Reiné J, Amaral K, Diks AM, Imede E, Way SS, Harandi AM, Gorringe A, Le Doare K, Halperin SA, Berkowska MA, Sadarangani M. Antibody and B-cell Immune Responses Against Bordetella Pertussis Following Infection and Immunization. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168344. [PMID: 37926426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Neither immunization nor recovery from natural infection provides life-long protection against Bordetella pertussis. Replacement of a whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccine with an acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine, mutations in B. pertussis strains, and better diagnostic techniques, contribute to resurgence of number of cases especially in young infants. Development of new immunization strategies relies on a comprehensive understanding of immune system responses to infection and immunization and how triggering these immune components would ensure protective immunity. In this review, we assess how B cells, and their secretory products, antibodies, respond to B. pertussis infection, current and novel vaccines and highlight similarities and differences in these responses. We first focus on antibody-mediated immunity. We discuss antibody (sub)classes, elaborate on antibody avidity, ability to neutralize pertussis toxin, and summarize different effector functions, i.e. ability to activate complement, promote phagocytosis and activate NK cells. We then discuss challenges and opportunities in studying B-cell immunity. We highlight shared and unique aspects of B-cell and plasma cell responses to infection and immunization, and discuss how responses to novel immunization strategies better resemble those triggered by a natural infection (i.e., by triggering responses in mucosa and production of IgA). With this comprehensive review, we aim to shed some new light on the role of B cells and antibodies in the pertussis immunity to guide new vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahaa Abu-Raya
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Mirjam J Esser
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Eve Nakabembe
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Upper Mulago Hill Road, Kampala, P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
| | - Jesús Reiné
- Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kyle Amaral
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Annieck M Diks
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden ZA 2333, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Imede
- MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Sing Sing Way
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew Gorringe
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Kirsty Le Doare
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK; Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, MU-JHU, Upper Mulago Hill, Kampala, P.O. Box 23491, Uganda
| | - Scott A Halperin
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre, and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Magdalena A Berkowska
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Manish Sadarangani
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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3
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Blanc P, Liu Y, Reveneau N, Cavell B, Gorringe A, Renauld-Mongénie G. The role of bactericidal and opsonic activity in immunity against Bordetella pertussis. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1727-1738. [PMID: 36369768 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2137145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pertussis vaccines have drastically reduced the disease burden in humans since their implementation. Despite their success, pertussis remains an important global public health challenge. Bordetella pertussis resurgence could be a result of greater surveillance combined with improved diagnosis methods, changes in Bordetella pertussis biology, vaccine schedules, and/or coverage. Additionally, mechanisms of protection conferred by acellular pertussis (aP) and whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines differ qualitatively. There are no clear immune correlates of protection for pertussis vaccines. Pertussis antigens can induce toxin neutralizing antibodies, block adherence or engage complement mediated phagocytic/bactericidal killing. AREAS COVERED We reviewed the existing evidence on antibody-mediated serum bactericidal and opsonophagocytic activity and discussed the relevance of these functional antibodies in the development of next-generation pertussis vaccines. EXPERT OPINION Current paradigm proposes that wP vaccines may confer greater herd protection than aP vaccines due to their enhanced clearance of bacteria from the nasopharynx in animal models. Functional antibodies may contribute to the reduction of nasal colonization, which differentiates aP and wP vaccines. Understanding the intrinsic differences in protective immune responses elicited by each class of vaccines will help to identify biomarkers that can be used as immunological end points in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Blanc
- Research & Development, Sanofi, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Yuanqing Liu
- Research & Development, Sanofi, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | | | - Breeze Cavell
- Department of Research and Evaluation, United Kingdom (UK) Health Security Agency, Salisbury, UK
| | - Andrew Gorringe
- Department of Research and Evaluation, United Kingdom (UK) Health Security Agency, Salisbury, UK
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Kroes MM, van Vliet LC, Jacobi RHJ, Kuipers B, Pieren DKJ, Miranda-Bedate A, van Els CACM, Pinelli E. Long Lasting Antibodies From Convalescent Pertussis Patients Induce ROS Production and Bacterial Killing by Human Neutrophils. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:888412. [PMID: 35646735 PMCID: PMC9135168 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.888412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis is a respiratory infection caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Despite high vaccination coverage this disease remains a public health concern worldwide. A better understanding of the protective immune responses to B. pertussis is required for the development of improved vaccines. The aim of this study was to determine the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by human neutrophils in response to B. pertussis and to determine the contribution of opsonizing antibodies from convalescent pertussis patients in this response. The serum samples from convalescent patients were taken at <3, 9, 18 and 36 months after diagnosis of pertussis. Also included were sera from healthy age-matched controls. We show that neutrophils produced high levels of ROS in response to opsonized, compared to non-opsonized, B. pertussis and that this effect was independent of the time the convalescent serum samples were taken. This indicates the presence of functional opsonizing antibodies up to 3 years after B. pertussis infection. While opsonization of B. pertussis with serum samples from uninfected controls also induced ROS production, sera from infected individuals induced significantly higher ROS levels. Spearman correlations analysis showed that IgG antibodies targeting fimbriae3 followed by pertactin, and BrkA correlate with ROS production. Additionally, we observed that neutrophils killed opsonized B. pertussis in a ROS-dependent manner. Searching for other antigen-specific antibodies from convalescent pertussis patients involved in ROS production by neutrophils may assist in the identification of novel antigens to improve the current pertussis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel M. Kroes
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lars C. van Vliet
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Ronald H. J. Jacobi
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Betsy Kuipers
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Daan K. J. Pieren
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Alberto Miranda-Bedate
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Cécile A. C. M. van Els
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elena Pinelli
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Elena Pinelli,
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Barman S, Soni D, Brook B, Nanishi E, Dowling DJ. Precision Vaccine Development: Cues From Natural Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 12:662218. [PMID: 35222350 PMCID: PMC8866702 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional vaccine development against infectious diseases has been guided by the overarching aim to generate efficacious vaccines normally indicated by an antibody and/or cellular response that correlates with protection. However, this approach has been shown to be only a partially effective measure, since vaccine- and pathogen-specific immunity may not perfectly overlap. Thus, some vaccine development strategies, normally focused on targeted generation of both antigen specific antibody and T cell responses, resulting in a long-lived heterogenous and stable pool of memory lymphocytes, may benefit from better mimicking the immune response of a natural infection. However, challenges to achieving this goal remain unattended, due to gaps in our understanding of human immunity and full elucidation of infectious pathogenesis. In this review, we describe recent advances in the development of effective vaccines, focusing on how understanding the differences in the immunizing and non-immunizing immune responses to natural infections and corresponding shifts in immune ontogeny are crucial to inform the next generation of infectious disease vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Barman
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dheeraj Soni
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Byron Brook
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Etsuro Nanishi
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David J Dowling
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Cimolai N. Non-primate animal models for pertussis: back to the drawing board? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1383-1398. [PMID: 35103810 PMCID: PMC8803574 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable progress in the understanding of clinical pertussis, the contemporary emergence of antimicrobial resistance for Bordetella pertussis and an evolution of concerns with acellular component vaccination have both sparked a renewed interest. Although simian models of infection best correlate with the observed attributes of human infection, several animal models have been used for decades and have positively contributed in many ways to the related science. Nevertheless, there is yet the lack of a reliable small animal model system that mimics the combination of infection genesis, variable upper and lower respiratory infection, systemic effects, infection resolution, and vaccine responses. This narrative review examines the history and attributes of non-primate animal models for pertussis and places context with the current use and needs. Emerging from the latter is the necessity for further such study to better create the optimal model of infection and vaccination with use of current molecular tools and a broader range of animal systems. KEY POINTS: • Currently used and past non-primate animal models of B. pertussis infection often have unique and focused applications. • A non-primate animal model that consistently mimics human pertussis for the majority of key infection characteristics is lacking. • There remains ample opportunity for an improved non-primate animal model of pertussis with the use of current molecular biology tools and with further exploration of species not previously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevio Cimolai
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, B.C., V6H3V4, Canada.
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Prygiel M, Mosiej E, Wdowiak K, Górska P, Polak M, Lis K, Krysztopa-Grzybowska K, Zasada AA. Effectiveness of experimental and commercial pertussis vaccines in the elimination of Bordetella pertussis isolates with different genetic profiles in murine model. Med Microbiol Immunol 2021; 210:251-262. [PMID: 34338880 PMCID: PMC8326312 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-021-00718-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the elimination of Bordetella pertussis clinical isolates, representing different genotypes in relation to alleles encoding virulence factors (MLST-multi-locus antigen sequence typing), MLVA type (multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis) and PFGE group (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) from the lungs of naive mice or mice were immunised with the commercial whole-cell pertussis vaccine, the acellular pertussis vaccine and the experimental whole-cell pertussis vaccine. Molecular data indicate that the resurgence of pertussis in populations with high vaccine coverage is associated with genomic adaptation of B. pertussis, to vaccine selection pressure. Pertactin-negative B. pertussis isolates were suspected to contribute to the reduced vaccine effectiveness. It was shown that one of the isolates used is PRN deficient. The mice were intranasally challenged with bacterial suspension containing approximately 5 × 10 7 CFU/ml B. pertussis. The immunogenicity of the tested vaccines against PT (pertussis toxin), PRN (pertactin), FHA (filamentous haemagglutinin) and FIM (fimbriae types 2 and 3) was examined. The commercial whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccines induced an immunity effective at eliminating the genetically different B. pertussis isolates from the lungs. However, the elimination of the PRN-deficient isolate from the lungs of mice vaccinated with commercial vaccines was delayed as compared to the PRN ( +) isolate, suggesting phenotypic differences with the circulating isolates and vaccine strains. The most effective vaccine was the experimental vaccine with the composition identical to that of the strains used for infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Prygiel
- Department of Vaccines and Sera Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Mosiej
- Department of Vaccines and Sera Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Wdowiak
- Department of Vaccines and Sera Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Górska
- Department of Vaccines and Sera Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Polak
- Department of Vaccines and Sera Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Lis
- Department of Vaccines and Sera Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Krysztopa-Grzybowska
- Department of Vaccines and Sera Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Anna Zasada
- Department of Vaccines and Sera Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Kling C, Pulliainen AT, Barth H, Ernst K. Human Peptides α-Defensin-1 and -5 Inhibit Pertussis Toxin. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13070480. [PMID: 34357952 PMCID: PMC8310310 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis causes the severe childhood disease whooping cough, by releasing several toxins, including pertussis toxin (PT) as a major virulence factor. PT is an AB5-type toxin, and consists of the enzymatic A-subunit PTS1 and five B-subunits, which facilitate binding to cells and transport of PTS1 into the cytosol. PTS1 ADP-ribosylates α-subunits of inhibitory G-proteins (Gαi) in the cytosol, which leads to disturbed cAMP signaling. Since PT is crucial for causing severe courses of disease, our aim is to identify new inhibitors against PT, to provide starting points for novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we investigated the effect of human antimicrobial peptides of the defensin family on PT. We demonstrated that PTS1 enzyme activity in vitro was inhibited by α-defensin-1 and -5, but not β-defensin-1. The amount of ADP-ribosylated Gαi was significantly reduced in PT-treated cells, in the presence of α-defensin-1 and -5. Moreover, both α-defensins decreased PT-mediated effects on cAMP signaling in the living cell-based interference in the Gαi-mediated signal transduction (iGIST) assay. Taken together, we identified the human peptides α-defensin-1 and -5 as inhibitors of PT activity, suggesting that these human peptides bear potential for developing novel therapeutic strategies against whooping cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Kling
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.K.); (H.B.)
| | - Arto T. Pulliainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Unit for Infection and Immunity, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Holger Barth
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.K.); (H.B.)
| | - Katharina Ernst
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.K.); (H.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Lin A, Apostolovic D, Jahnmatz M, Liang F, Ols S, Tecleab T, Wu C, van Hage M, Solovay K, Rubin K, Locht C, Thorstensson R, Thalen M, Loré K. Live attenuated pertussis vaccine BPZE1 induces a broad antibody response in humans. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:2332-2346. [PMID: 31945015 DOI: 10.1172/jci135020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDThe live attenuated BPZE1 vaccine candidate induces protection against B. pertussis and prevents nasal colonization in animal models. Here we report on the responses in humans receiving a single intranasal administration of BPZE1.METHODSWe performed multiple assays to dissect the immune responses induced in humans (n = 12) receiving BPZE1, with particular emphasis on the magnitude and characteristics of the antibody responses. Such responses were benchmarked to adolescents (n = 12) receiving the complete vaccination program of the currently used acellular pertussis vaccine (aPV). Using immunoproteomics analysis, potentially novel immunogenic B. pertussis antigens were identified.RESULTSAll BPZE1 vaccinees showed robust B. pertussis-specific antibody responses with regard to significant increase in 1 or more of the following parameters: IgG, IgA, and memory B cells to B. pertussis antigens. BPZE1-specific T cells showed a Th1 phenotype, and the IgG exclusively consisted of IgG1 and IgG3. In contrast, all aPV vaccines showed a Th2-biased response. Immunoproteomics profiling revealed that BPZE1 elicited broader and different antibody specificities to B. pertussis antigens as compared with the aPV that primarily induced antibodies to the vaccine antigens. Moreover, BPZE1 was superior at inducing opsonizing antibodies that stimulated ROS production in neutrophils and enhanced bactericidal function, which was in line with the finding that antibodies against adenylate cyclase toxin were only elicited by BPZE1.CONCLUSIONThe breadth of the antibodies, the Th1-type cellular response, and killing mechanisms elicited by BPZE1 may hold prospects of improving vaccine efficacy and protection against B. pertussis transmission.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT02453048, NCT00870350.FUNDINGILiAD Biotechnologies, Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet), Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Lin
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, and.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Maja Jahnmatz
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frank Liang
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, and.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Ols
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, and.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Chenyan Wu
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, and
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, and
| | - Ken Solovay
- ILiAD Biotechnologies, New York, New York, USA
| | - Keith Rubin
- ILiAD Biotechnologies, New York, New York, USA
| | - Camille Locht
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Karin Loré
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, and.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Gu W, Wang K, Zhang X, Hao C, Lu Y, Wu M, Chen S, He Y, Xu J, Shao X, Wang Y. Pathogen analysis of pertussis-like syndrome in children. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:353. [PMID: 32429853 PMCID: PMC7236299 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to identify the pathogens, in addition to bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis), which cause pertussis-like syndrome in children and to compare clinical presentation between those with B. pertussis and pertussis-like syndrome. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was conducted from March 2016 to September 2018. In total, 281 children with suspected pertussis infections were enrolled in this study. Multi-pathogen detection was performed. Results In total, 281 children were enrolled including 139 males and 142 females. Among them, 149 (53.0%) were B. pertussis positive, and 72 (15.6%) children tested positive for other pathogens. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP, 27 cases) was the most common causative pathogen in pertussis-like syndrome, followed by human rhinovirus (HRV, 23 cases), Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP, 13 cases), Haemophilus influenzae (HI, 12 cases) and parainfluenza virus 3 (Pinf-3, 9 cases). Children in the B. pertussis group had a higher rate of vaccination and longer hospital stay (P < 0.05). B. pertussis was more likely to be detected in winter than other pathogens, but this difference was not significant (P = 0.074). The number of white blood cells, neutrophils and blood platelets was significantly higher in children in the B. pertussis than in the pertussis-like group (P < 0.05). In addition, the percentage of CD3-CD19+ cells was significantly higher in the B. pertussis group (P = 0.018). Conclusion About half of the children with pertussis-like syndrome were B. pertussis positive. MP was the second most common causative pathogen followed by HRV, SP, HI and Pinf-3. Children infected with B. pertussis had longer hospital stay and higher numbers of white blood cells, neutrophil and blood platelets compared with other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Gu
- Department of Respiration, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No. 303 Jing De Road, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Respiration, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No. 303 Jing De Road, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- Department of Respiration, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No. 303 Jing De Road, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Chuangli Hao
- Department of Respiration, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No. 303 Jing De Road, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Yanhong Lu
- Department of Respiration, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No. 303 Jing De Road, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Respiration, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No. 303 Jing De Road, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Sainan Chen
- Department of Respiration, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No. 303 Jing De Road, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Yanyu He
- Department of Respiration, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No. 303 Jing De Road, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Xuejun Shao
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Respiration, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No. 303 Jing De Road, Suzhou, 215003, China.
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11
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Angely C, Ladant D, Planus E, Louis B, Filoche M, Chenal A, Isabey D. Functional and structural consequences of epithelial cell invasion by Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228606. [PMID: 32392246 PMCID: PMC7213728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whopping cough, produces an adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) that plays a key role in the host colonization by targeting innate immune cells which express CD11b/CD18, the cellular receptor of CyaA. CyaA is also able to invade non-phagocytic cells, via a unique entry pathway consisting in a direct translocation of its catalytic domain across the cytoplasmic membrane of the cells. Within the cells, CyaA is activated by calmodulin to produce high levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and alter cellular physiology. In this study, we explored the effects of CyaA toxin on the cellular and molecular structure remodeling of A549 alveolar epithelial cells. Using classical imaging techniques, biochemical and functional tests, as well as advanced cell mechanics method, we quantify the structural and functional consequences of the massive increase of intracellular cyclic AMP induced by the toxin: cell shape rounding associated to adhesion weakening process, actin structure remodeling for the cortical and dense components, increase in cytoskeleton stiffness, and inhibition of migration and repair. We also show that, at low concentrations (0.5 nM), CyaA could significantly impair the migration and wound healing capacities of the intoxicated alveolar epithelial cells. As such concentrations might be reached locally during B. pertussis infection, our results suggest that the CyaA, beyond its major role in disabling innate immune cells, might also contribute to the local alteration of the epithelial barrier of the respiratory tract, a hallmark of pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Angely
- Equipe 13, Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire, Inserm U955, Créteil, France
- UMR 955, UPEC, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
- ERL 7000, CNRS, Créteil, France
| | - Daniel Ladant
- Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires (CNRS UMR 3528), Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Planus
- Institut pour l’Avancée des Biosciences (IAB), Centre de Recherche UGA/ Inserm U1209 / CNRS UMR 5309, La Tronche, France
| | - Bruno Louis
- Equipe 13, Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire, Inserm U955, Créteil, France
- UMR 955, UPEC, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
- ERL 7000, CNRS, Créteil, France
| | - Marcel Filoche
- Equipe 13, Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire, Inserm U955, Créteil, France
- UMR 955, UPEC, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
- ERL 7000, CNRS, Créteil, France
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Alexandre Chenal
- Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires (CNRS UMR 3528), Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Isabey
- Equipe 13, Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire, Inserm U955, Créteil, France
- UMR 955, UPEC, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
- ERL 7000, CNRS, Créteil, France
- * E-mail:
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12
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Ashok Y, Miettinen M, Oliveira DKHD, Tamirat MZ, Näreoja K, Tiwari A, Hottiger MO, Johnson MS, Lehtiö L, Pulliainen AT. Discovery of Compounds Inhibiting the ADP-Ribosyltransferase Activity of Pertussis Toxin. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:588-602. [PMID: 31899865 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The targeted pathogen-selective approach to drug development holds promise to minimize collateral damage to the beneficial microbiome. The AB5-topology pertussis toxin (PtxS1-S5) is a major virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of the highly contagious respiratory disease whooping cough. Once internalized into the host cell, PtxS1 ADP-ribosylates α-subunits of the heterotrimeric Gαi-superfamily, thereby disrupting G-protein-coupled receptor signaling. Here, we report the discovery of the first small molecules inhibiting the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of pertussis toxin. We developed protocols to purify milligram-levels of active recombinant B. pertussis PtxS1 from Escherichia coli and an in vitro high throughput-compatible assay to quantify NAD+ consumption during PtxS1-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of Gαi. Two inhibitory compounds (NSC228155 and NSC29193) with low micromolar IC50-values (3.0 μM and 6.8 μM) were identified in the in vitro NAD+ consumption assay that also were potent in an independent in vitro assay monitoring conjugation of ADP-ribose to Gαi. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations identified plausible binding poses of NSC228155 and in particular of NSC29193, most likely owing to the rigidity of the latter ligand, at the NAD+-binding pocket of PtxS1. NSC228155 inhibited the pertussis AB5 holotoxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of Gαi in living human cells with a low micromolar IC50-value (2.4 μM). NSC228155 and NSC29193 might prove to be useful hit compounds in targeted B. pertussis-selective drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashwanth Ashok
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7A, P.O. Box 5400, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Moona Miettinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Cancer, Infections, and Immunity, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine (TuDMM), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Danilo Kimio Hirabae de Oliveira
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7A, P.O. Box 5400, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mahlet Z. Tamirat
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Näreoja
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Cancer, Infections, and Immunity, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Avlokita Tiwari
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Cancer, Infections, and Immunity, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Michael O. Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark S. Johnson
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Lari Lehtiö
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7A, P.O. Box 5400, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Arto T. Pulliainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Cancer, Infections, and Immunity, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
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13
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Lambert EE, Buisman AM, van Els CACM. Superior B. pertussis Specific CD4+ T-Cell Immunity Imprinted by Natural Infection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1183:81-98. [PMID: 31321753 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pertussis remains endemic in vaccinated populations due to waning of vaccine-induced immunity and insufficient interruption of transmission. Correlates of long-term protection against whooping cough remain elusive but increasing evidence from experimental models indicates that the priming of particular lineages of B. pertussis (Bp) specific CD4+ T cells is essential to control bacterial load. Critical hallmarks of these protective CD4+ T cell lineages in animals are suggested to be their differentiation profile as Th1 and Th17 cells and their tissue residency. These features seem optimally primed by previous infection but insufficiently or only partially by current vaccines. In this review, evidence is sought indicating whether infection also drives such superior Bp specific CD4+ T cell lineages in humans. We highlight key features of effector immunity downstream of Th1 and Th17 cell cytokines that explain clearing of primary Bp infections in naïve hosts, and effective prevention of infection in convalescent hosts during secondary challenge. Outstanding questions are put forward that need answers before correlates of human Bp infection-primed CD4+ T cell immunity can be used as benchmark for the development of improved pertussis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora E Lambert
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Buisman
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cécile A C M van Els
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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14
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Hovingh ES, Kuipers B, Bonačić Marinović AA, Jan Hamstra H, Hijdra D, Mughini Gras L, van Twillert I, Jongerius I, van Els CACM, Pinelli E. Detection of opsonizing antibodies directed against a recently circulating Bordetella pertussis strain in paired plasma samples from symptomatic and recovered pertussis patients. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12039. [PMID: 30104573 PMCID: PMC6089961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Correlates of protection (CoPs) against the highly contagious respiratory disease whooping cough, caused by Bordetella pertussis, remain elusive. Characterizing the antibody response to this pathogen is essential towards identifying potential CoPs. Here, we evaluate levels, avidity and functionality of B. pertussis-specific-antibodies from paired plasma samples derived from symptomatic and recovered pertussis patients, as well as controls. Natural infection is expected to induce protective immunity. IgG levels and avidity to nine B. pertussis antigens were determined using a novel multiplex panel. Furthermore, opsonophagocytosis of a B. pertussis clinical isolate by neutrophils was measured. Findings indicate that following infection, B. pertussis-specific antibody levels of (ex-) pertussis patients waned, while the avidity of antibodies directed against the majority of studied antigens increased. Opsonophagocytosis indices decreased upon recovery, but remained higher than controls. Random forest analysis of all the data revealed that 28% of the opsonophagocytosis index variances could be explained by filamentous hemagglutinin- followed by pertussis toxin-specific antibodies. We propose to further explore which other B. pertussis-specific antibodies can better predict opsonophagocytosis. Moreover, other B. pertussis-specific antibody functions as well as the possible integration of these functions in combination with other immune cell properties should be evaluated towards the identification of CoPs against pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise S Hovingh
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Betsy Kuipers
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Axel A Bonačić Marinović
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Jan Hamstra
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Hijdra
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lapo Mughini Gras
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inonge van Twillert
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse Jongerius
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory of the Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cecile A C M van Els
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Pinelli
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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15
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Chenal A, Ladant D. Bioengineering of Bordetella pertussis Adenylate Cyclase Toxin for Antigen-Delivery and Immunotherapy. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E302. [PMID: 30037010 PMCID: PMC6070788 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10070302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) is one of the major virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. CyaA is able to invade eukaryotic cells where, upon activation by endogenous calmodulin, it synthesizes massive amounts of cAMP that alters cellular physiology. The CyaA toxin is a 1706 residues-long bifunctional protein: the catalytic domain is located in the 400 amino-proximal residues, whereas the carboxy-terminal 1306 residues are implicated in toxin binding to the cellular receptor, the αMβ₂ (CD11b/CD18) integrin, and subsequently in the translocation of the catalytic domain across the cytoplasmic membrane of the target cells. Indeed, this protein is endowed with the unique capability of delivering its N-terminal catalytic domain directly across the plasma membrane of eukaryotic target cells. These properties have been exploited to engineer the CyaA toxin as a potent non-replicating vector able to deliver antigens into antigen presenting cells and elicit specific cell-mediated immune responses. Antigens of interest can be inserted into the CyaA protein to yield recombinant molecules that are targeted in vivo to dendritic cells, where the antigens are processed and presented by the major class I and class II histocompatibility complexes (MHC-I and II). CyaA turned out to be a remarkably effective and versatile vaccine vector capable of inducing all the components of the immune response (T-CD4, T-CD8, and antibody). In this chapter, we summarize the basic knowledge on the adenylate cyclase toxin and then describe the application of CyaA in vaccinology, including some recent results of clinical trials of immunotherapy using a recombinant CyaA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Chenal
- Institut Pasteur, Biochemistry of Macromolecular Interactions Unit, UMR CNRS 3528, Structural Biology and Chemistry Department, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France.
| | - Daniel Ladant
- Institut Pasteur, Biochemistry of Macromolecular Interactions Unit, UMR CNRS 3528, Structural Biology and Chemistry Department, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France.
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17
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Structure-Function Relationships Underlying the Capacity of Bordetella Adenylate Cyclase Toxin to Disarm Host Phagocytes. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9100300. [PMID: 28946636 PMCID: PMC5666347 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bordetellae, pathogenic to mammals, produce an immunomodulatory adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin (CyaA, ACT or AC-Hly) that enables them to overcome the innate immune defense of the host. CyaA subverts host phagocytic cells by an orchestrated action of its functional domains, where an extremely catalytically active adenylyl cyclase enzyme is delivered into phagocyte cytosol by a pore-forming repeat-in-toxin (RTX) cytolysin moiety. By targeting sentinel cells expressing the complement receptor 3, known as the CD11b/CD18 (αMβ₂) integrin, CyaA compromises the bactericidal functions of host phagocytes and supports infection of host airways by Bordetellae. Here, we review the state of knowledge on structural and functional aspects of CyaA toxin action, placing particular emphasis on signaling mechanisms by which the toxin-produced 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) subverts the physiology of phagocytic cells.
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18
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Abstract
The secretion of proteins that damage host tissue is well established as integral to the infectious processes of many bacterial pathogens. However, recent advances in our understanding of the activity of toxins suggest that the attributes we have assigned to them from early in vitro experimentation have misled us into thinking of them as merely destructive tools. Here, we will discuss the multifarious ways in which toxins contribute to the lifestyle of bacteria and, by considering their activity from an evolutionary perspective, demonstrate how this extends far beyond their ability to destroy host tissue.
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19
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Albumin, in the Presence of Calcium, Elicits a Massive Increase in Extracellular Bordetella Adenylate Cyclase Toxin. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00198-17. [PMID: 28396321 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00198-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis (whooping cough), caused by Bordetella pertussis, is resurging in the United States and worldwide. Adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) is a critical factor in establishing infection with B. pertussis and acts by specifically inhibiting the response of myeloid leukocytes to the pathogen. We report here that serum components, as discovered during growth in fetal bovine serum (FBS), elicit a robust increase in the amount of ACT, and ≥90% of this ACT is localized to the supernatant, unlike growth without FBS, in which ≥90% is associated with the bacterium. We have found that albumin, in the presence of physiological concentrations of calcium, acts specifically to enhance the amount of ACT and its localization to the supernatant. Respiratory secretions, which contain albumin, promote an increase in amount and localization of active ACT that is comparable to that elicited by serum and albumin. The response to albumin is not mediated through regulation of ACT at the transcriptional level or activation of the Bvg two-component system. As further illustration of the specificity of this phenomenon, serum collected from mice that lack albumin does not stimulate an increase in ACT. These data, demonstrating that albumin and calcium act synergistically in the host environment to increase production and release of ACT, strongly suggest that this phenomenon reflects a novel host-pathogen interaction that is central to infection with B. pertussis and other Bordetella species.
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20
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do Vale A, Cabanes D, Sousa S. Bacterial Toxins as Pathogen Weapons Against Phagocytes. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:42. [PMID: 26870008 PMCID: PMC4734073 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial toxins are virulence factors that manipulate host cell functions and take over the control of vital processes of living organisms to favor microbial infection. Some toxins directly target innate immune cells, thereby annihilating a major branch of the host immune response. In this review we will focus on bacterial toxins that act from the extracellular milieu and hinder the function of macrophages and neutrophils. In particular, we will concentrate on toxins from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that manipulate cell signaling or induce cell death by either imposing direct damage to the host cells cytoplasmic membrane or enzymatically modifying key eukaryotic targets. Outcomes regarding pathogen dissemination, host damage and disease progression will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana do Vale
- Host Interaction and Response, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal; Group of Fish Immunology and Vaccinology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal
| | - Didier Cabanes
- Host Interaction and Response, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal; Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Sousa
- Host Interaction and Response, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal; Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal
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