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Mohamed NA. Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of in vitro potential antimicrobial efficiency of new chitosan hydrogels and their CuO nanocomposites. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133810. [PMID: 39004245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The phenomenon of microbial resistance and its resulting biofilms to traditional antibiotics is worsening over time. Therefore, the discovery of alternative substances that inhibit microbial activities through mechanisms different from those of known antibiotics requires attention. So, chitosan was crosslinked using different amounts of oxalyl dihydrazide yielding four novel hydrogels; ODHCs-I, ODHCs-II, ODHCs-III, and ODHCs-IV of crosslinking degree 12.17, 20.67, 31.67, and 43.17, respectively. Different amounts of CuO nanoparticles were impregnated into ODHCs-IV, obtaining ODHCs-IV/CuONPs-1 %, ODHCs-IV/CuONPs-3 % and ODHCs-IV/CuONPs-5 % composites. Their structure was emphasized using FTIR, SEM, XRD, TEM, EDX and elemental analysis. Their in vitro antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities improved with increasing ODH and CuONPs content. ODHCs-IV exhibited minimal inhibition concentration (2 μg/mL) against S. pyogenes that was much lower than Vancomycin (3.9 μg/mL). ODHCs-IV/CuONPs-5 % displayed better inhibition performance than Vancomycin and Amphotericin B against Gram-positive-bacteria and fungi, respectively, and comparable one to that of Vancomycin against Gram-negative-bacteria. ODHCs-IV/CuONPs-5 % displayed much lower minimal biofilm inhibition concentrations (1.95 to 3.9 μg/mL) as compared with those of ODHCs-IV (7.81 and 15.63 μg/mL), against C. albicans, S. pyogenes, and K. pneumonia. ODHCs-IV/CuONPs-5 % composite is safe on normal human cells. Oxalyl dihydrazide and CuONPs amalgamated into chitosan in one formulation promoted its antimicrobial efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia A Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
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Riahi A, Mabudi H, Tajbakhsh E, Roomiani L, Momtaz H. Optimizing chitosan derived from Metapenaeus affinis: a novel anti-biofilm agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AMB Express 2024; 14:77. [PMID: 38949677 PMCID: PMC11217230 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a commonly found Gram-negative bacterium in healthcare facilities and is renowned for its ability to form biofilms and its virulence factors that are controlled by quorum sensing (QS) systems. The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains of this bacterium poses a significant challenge in the field of medicine. Consequently, the exploration of novel antimicrobial agents has become a top priority. This research aims to optimize chitosan derived from white shrimp (Metapenaeus affinis) using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) computational approach. The objective is to investigate chitosan's potential as a solution for inhibiting QS activity and biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa ATCC 10,145. Under optimized conditions, chitin was treated with NaOH (1.41 M) for 15.75 h, HCl (7.49% vol) for 2.01 h, and at a deacetylation temperature of 81.15 °C. The resulting chitosan exhibited a degree of deacetylation (DD%) exceeding 93.98%, as confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectral analysis, indicating its high purity. The extracted chitosan demonstrated a significant synergistic antibiotic effect against P. aeruginosa when combined with ceftazidime, enhancing its bactericidal activity by up to 15-fold. In addition, sub-MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) concentrations of extracted chitosan (10 and 100 µg/mL) successfully reduced the production of pyocyanin and rhamnolipid, as well as the swimming motility, protease activity and biofilm formation ability in comparison to the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, chitosan treatment downregulated the RhlR and LasR genes in P. aeruginosa when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The optimized chitosan extract shows significant potential as a coating agent for surgical equipment, effectively preventing nosocomial infections caused by P. aeruginosa pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anali Riahi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hadideh Mabudi
- Department of Fisheries, Islamic Azad University, Golestan highway, Farhang Shahr, Ahvaz Branch, PO Box 1915, 61349-37333, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Elahe Tajbakhsh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Laleh Roomiani
- Department of Fisheries, Islamic Azad University, Golestan highway, Farhang Shahr, Ahvaz Branch, PO Box 1915, 61349-37333, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hasan Momtaz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran
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3
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Maršík D, Maťátková O, Kolková A, Masák J. Exploring the antimicrobial potential of chitosan nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and impact on Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:3093-3105. [PMID: 38868829 PMCID: PMC11166115 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00064a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The escalating antibiotic resistance observed in bacteria poses a significant threat to society, with the global prevalence of resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the rise. Addressing this challenge necessitates exploring strategies that would complement existing antimicrobial agents, e.g. by substances mitigating bacterial virulence without eliciting selective pressure for resistance emergence. In this respect, free-form chitosan has demonstrated promising efficacy, prompting our investigation into reinforcing its effects through nanoparticle formulations. Our study focuses on the preparation of chitosan nanoparticles under suitable conditions while emphasizing the challenges associated with stability that can affect biological activity. These challenges are mitigated by introducing quaternized chitosan, which ensures colloidal stability in the culture media. Our approach led to the production of trimethylchitosan nanoparticles with a median size of 103 nm, circularity of 0.967, and a charge of 14.9 ± 3.1 mV, stable within a one-month period in a water stock solution, showing promising attributes for further valorization. Furthermore, the study delves into the antimicrobial activity of trimethylchitosan nanoparticles on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and confirms the benefits of both nanoformulation and modification of chitosan, as our prepared nanoparticles inhibit 50% of the bacterial population at concentration ≥160 mg L-1 within tested strains. Additionally, we identified a concentration of 5 mg L-1 that no longer impedes bacterial growth, allowing reliable verification of the effect of the prepared nanoparticles on Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors, including motility, protease activity, hemolytic activity, rhamnolipids, pyocyanin, and biofilm production. Although trimethylchitosan nanoparticles exhibit promise as an effective antibiofilm agent (reducing biofilm development by 50% at concentrations ranging from 80 to 160 mg L-1) their impact on virulence manifestation is likely not directly associated with quorum sensing. Instead, it can probably be attributed to non-specific interactions with the bacterial surface. This exploration provides valuable insights into the potential of quaternized chitosan nanoparticles in addressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections and underscores the multifaceted nature of their antimicrobial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Maršík
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Technická 5, Prague 6 Prague 166 28 Czechia
| | - Olga Maťátková
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Technická 5, Prague 6 Prague 166 28 Czechia
| | - Anna Kolková
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Technická 5, Prague 6 Prague 166 28 Czechia
| | - Jan Masák
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Technická 5, Prague 6 Prague 166 28 Czechia
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Badawy MSEM, Riad OKM, Harras MF, Binsuwaidan R, Saleh A, Zaki SA. Chitosan-Aspirin Combination Inhibits Quorum-Sensing Synthases ( lasI and rhlI) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:481. [PMID: 38672752 PMCID: PMC11051473 DOI: 10.3390/life14040481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quorum sensing (QS) controls the virulence of P. aeruginosa. This study aims to determine the anti-QS activity of aspirin alone and in combination with chitosan to reach maximum inhibition. We tested ten virulent Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) isolates and screened for N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) production using Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a biosensor. P. aeruginosa isolates were treated with sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of aspirin and chitosan-aspirin. We used broth microdilution and checkerboard titration methods to determine the MICs and the synergistic effect of these two compounds, respectively. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to estimate the anti-QS activity of the aspirin-chitosan combination on the expression of lasI and rhlI genes. RESULTS Aspirin decreased the motility and production of AHLs, pyocyanin, and biofilm. Chitosan potentiated the inhibitory effect of aspirin. The chitosan-aspirin combination inhibited lasI and rhlI gene expression in PAO1 (ATCC 15692) by 7.12- and 0.92-fold, respectively. In clinical isolates, the expression of lasI and rhlI was decreased by 1.76 × 102- and 1.63 × 104-fold, respectively. Molecular docking analysis revealed that aspirin could fit into the active sites of the QS synthases lasI and rhlI with a high binding affinity, causing conformational changes that resulted in their inhibition. CONCLUSIONS The chitosan-aspirin combination provides new insights into treating virulent and resistant P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Shaban E. M. Badawy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt;
| | - Omnia Karem M. Riad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt;
| | - Marwa F. Harras
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt;
| | - Reem Binsuwaidan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (R.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Asmaa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (R.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Samar A. Zaki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt;
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Che J, Shi J, Fang C, Zeng X, Wu Z, Du Q, Tu M, Pan D. Elimination of Pathogen Biofilms via Postbiotics from Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Promising Method in Food and Biomedicine. Microorganisms 2024; 12:704. [PMID: 38674648 PMCID: PMC11051744 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic biofilms provide a naturally favorable barrier for microbial growth and are closely related to the virulence of pathogens. Postbiotics from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are secondary metabolites and cellular components obtained by inactivation of fermentation broth; they have a certain inhibitory effect on all stages of pathogen biofilms. Postbiotics from LAB have drawn attention because of their high stability, safety dose parameters, and long storage period, which give them a broad application prospect in the fields of food and medicine. The mechanisms of eliminating pathogen biofilms via postbiotics from LAB mainly affect the surface adhesion, self-aggregation, virulence, and QS of pathogens influencing interspecific and intraspecific communication. However, there are some factors (preparation process and lack of target) which can limit the antibiofilm impact of postbiotics. Therefore, by using a delivery carrier and optimizing process parameters, the effect of interfering factors can be eliminated. This review summarizes the concept and characteristics of postbiotics from LAB, focusing on their preparation technology and antibiofilm effect, and the applications and limitations of postbiotics in food processing and clinical treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Che
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China;
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China;
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Chenguang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China;
| | - Xiaoqun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China;
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China;
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Qiwei Du
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China;
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Maolin Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China;
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Daodong Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China;
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
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Fekete-Kertész I, Berkl Z, Buda K, Fenyvesi É, Szente L, Molnár M. Quorum quenching effect of cyclodextrins on the pyocyanin and pyoverdine production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:271. [PMID: 38517512 PMCID: PMC10959793 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Various virulence determinants in Pseudomonas aeruginosa are regulated by the quorum sensing (QS) network producing and releasing signalling molecules. Two of these virulence determinants are the pyocyanin and pyoverdine, which interfere with multiple cellular functions during infection. The application of QS-inhibiting agents, such as cyclodextrins (CDs), appears to be a promising approach. Further to method development, this research tested in large-volume test systems the effect of α- and β-CD (ACD, BCD) at 1, 5, and 10 mM concentrations on the production of pyocyanin in the P. aeruginosa model system. The concentration and time-dependent quorum quenching effect of native CDs and their derivatives on pyoverdine production was tested in a small-volume high-throughput system. In the large-volume system, both ACD and BCD significantly inhibited pyocyanin production, but ACD to a greater extent. 10 mM ACD resulted in 58% inhibition, while BCD only ~40%. Similarly, ACD was more effective in the inhibition of pyoverdine production; nevertheless, the results of RMANOVA demonstrated the significant efficiency of both ACD and BCD, as well as their derivatives. Both the contact time and the cyclodextrin treatments significantly influenced pyoverdine production. In this case, the inhibitory effect of ACD after 48 h at 12.5 mM was 57%, while the inhibitory effect of BCD and its derivatives was lower than 40%. The high-level significant inhibition of both pyocyanin and pyoverdine production by ACD was detectable. Consequently, the potential value of CDs as QS inhibitors and the antivirulence strategy should be considered. KEYPOINTS: • Applicability of a simplified method for quantification of pyocyanin production was demonstrated. • The cyclodextrins significantly affected the pyocyanin and pyoverdine production. • The native ACD exhibited the highest attenuation in pyoverdine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Fekete-Kertész
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest, H-1111, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Berkl
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest, H-1111, Hungary
| | - Kata Buda
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest, H-1111, Hungary
| | - Éva Fenyvesi
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin R&D Laboratory Ltd., Illatos u. 7., Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
| | - Lajos Szente
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin R&D Laboratory Ltd., Illatos u. 7., Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
| | - Mónika Molnár
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest, H-1111, Hungary.
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Archana M, Rubini D, Dharshini KP, Hari BNV, Jayasankari S, Ramyadevi D, Gonciarz W, Domańska A, Brzeziński M, Nithyanand P. Development of an anti-infective urinary catheter composed of polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/methylcellulose/polyethylene glycol by using a pressure-assisted 3D-printing technique. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126029. [PMID: 37524285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are a common complication associated with catheterization, leading to urosepsis, bacteriuria, and septicaemia. The present work focuses on 3D printing a urinary catheter with anti-infective properties using various concentrations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, e.g., 6-8 %), sodium alginate (NaAlg, e.g. 1-4 %), methylcellulose (MC, 5 %), polyethylene glycol (PEG, 5 %) impregnated with secnidazole, an antibiotic acting against Gram-negative bacteria. To produce suitable polymer ink for Pressure Assisted Microsyringe (PAM) 3D printing, the cross-linked between NaAlg and calcium chloride is necessary to prepare the catheter. The optimised catheter was found to have an outer diameter of 5 mm, an inner diameter of 3.5 mm, and a length of the catheter of 50 mm. The analysis by various methods confirms the successful incorporation of secnidazole in the 3D-printed catheter. A drug-loaded/coated catheter showed an initial drug release of 79 % following a sustained release to reach 100 % within 5 h. Weibull model fits well with the drug release data. The release models suggest the Quasi-Fickian diffusion mechanism from the system. Moreover, the secnidazole 3D printed catheter disrupted biofilms and suppressed all the Quorum sensing mediated virulence factors of two important keystone pathogens causing urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menon Archana
- Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Durairajan Rubini
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Priya Dharshini
- Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bodethala Narayanan Vedha Hari
- Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies in Łódź, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Senthilganesh Jayasankari
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Durai Ramyadevi
- Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Weronika Gonciarz
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Domańska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Brzeziński
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies in Łódź, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Paramasivam Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Rajaramon S, Shanmugam K, Dandela R, Solomon AP. Emerging evidence-based innovative approaches to control catheter-associated urinary tract infection: a review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1134433. [PMID: 37560318 PMCID: PMC10407108 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1134433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthcare settings have dramatically advanced the latest medical devices, such as urinary catheters (UC) for infection, prevention, and control (IPC). The continuous or intermittent flow of a warm and conducive (urine) medium in the medical device, the urinary catheter, promotes the formation of biofilms and encrustations, thereby leading to the incidence of CAUTI. Additionally, the absence of an innate immune host response in and around the lumen of the catheter reduces microbial phagocytosis and drug action. Hence, the review comprehensively overviews the challenges posed by CAUTI and associated risks in patients' morbidity and mortality. Also, detailed, up-to-date information on the various strategies that blended/tailored the surface properties of UC to have anti-fouling, biocidal, and anti-adhesive properties to provide an outlook on how they can be better managed with futuristic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobana Rajaramon
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Karthi Shanmugam
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Rambabu Dandela
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Adline Princy Solomon
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
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Antimicrobial Resistance and Recent Alternatives to Antibiotics for the Control of Bacterial Pathogens with an Emphasis on Foodborne Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020274. [PMID: 36830185 PMCID: PMC9952301 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most important global public health problems. The imprudent use of antibiotics in humans and animals has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The dissemination of these strains and their resistant determinants could endanger antibiotic efficacy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify and develop novel strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. This review provides insights into the evolution and the mechanisms of AMR. Additionally, it discusses alternative approaches that might be used to control AMR, including probiotics, prebiotics, antimicrobial peptides, small molecules, organic acids, essential oils, bacteriophage, fecal transplants, and nanoparticles.
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Narayanan VHB, Lewandowski A, Durai R, Gonciarz W, Wawrzyniak P, Brzezinski M. Spray-dried tenofovir alafenamide-chitosan nanoparticles loaded oleogels as a long-acting injectable depot system of anti-HIV drug. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:473-486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Escobar-Muciño E, Arenas-Hernández MMP, Luna-Guevara ML. Mechanisms of Inhibition of Quorum Sensing as an Alternative for the Control of E. coli and Salmonella. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050884. [PMID: 35630329 PMCID: PMC9143355 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a process of cell–cell communication for bacteria such as E. coli and Salmonella that cause foodborne diseases, with the production, release, and detection of autoinducer (AI) molecules that participate in the regulation of virulence genes. All of these proteins are useful in coordinating collective behavior, the expression of virulence factors, and the pathogenicity of Gram-negative bacteria. In this work, we review the natural or synthetic inhibitor molecules of QS that inactivate the autoinducer and block QS regulatory proteins in E. coli and Salmonella. Furthermore, we describe mechanisms of QS inhibitors (QSIs) that act as competitive inhibitors, being a useful tool for preventing virulence gene expression through the downregulation of AI-2 production pathways and the disruption of signal uptake. In addition, we showed that QSIs have negative regulatory activity of genes related to bacterial biofilm formation on clinical artifacts, which confirms the therapeutic potential of QSIs in the control of infectious pathogens. Finally, we discuss resistance to QSIs, the design of next-generation QSIs, and how these molecules can be leveraged to provide a new antivirulence therapy to combat diseases caused by E. coli or Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Escobar-Muciño
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla C.P. 72570, Pue, Mexico;
| | - Margarita M. P. Arenas-Hernández
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla C.P. 72570, Pue, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (M.M.P.A.-H.); (M.L.L.-G.); Tel.: +52-(222)-191-06-00 (M.M.P.A.-H.); +52-(222)-352-31-25 (M.L.L.-G.)
| | - M. Lorena Luna-Guevara
- Colegío de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla C.P. 72570, Pue, Mexico
- Correspondence: (M.M.P.A.-H.); (M.L.L.-G.); Tel.: +52-(222)-191-06-00 (M.M.P.A.-H.); +52-(222)-352-31-25 (M.L.L.-G.)
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12
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Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Formation Activities of Novel Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogels Reinforced with Crosslinked Chitosan and Silver Nano-Particles. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081619. [PMID: 35458369 PMCID: PMC9026349 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel hydrogels were prepared by blending chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA, then crosslinking the resulting blends using trimellitic anhydride isothiocyanate at a concentration based on chitosan content in the blends. The weight ratios of chitosan: PVA in the blends were 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1 to produce three hydrogels symbolized as H13, H11, and H31, respectively. For a comparison, H10 was also prepared by crosslinking pure chitosan with trimellitic anhydride isothiocyanate. For further modification, three H31/silver nanocomposites (AgNPs) were synthesized using three different concentrations of silver nitrate to obtain H31/AgNPs1%, H31/AgNPs3% and H31/AgNPs5%. The structures of the prepared samples were emphasized using various analytical techniques. PVA has no inhibition activity against the tested microbes and biofilms. The antimicrobial and anti-biofilm formation activities of the investigated samples was arranged as: H31/AgNPs5% ≥ H31/AgNPs3% > H31/AgNPs1% > H10 > H31 > H11 > H13 > chitosan. H31/AgNPs5% and H31/AgNPs3% were more potent than Vancomycin and Amphotericin B against most of the tested microbes. Interestingly, H31 and H31/AgNPs3% were safe on the normal human cells. Consequently, hydrogels resulting from crosslinked blends of chitosan and PVA loaded with AgNPs in the same structure have significantly reinforced the antimicrobial and inhibition activity against the biofilms of PVA.
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13
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Thonglao N, Pakkulnan R, Paluka J, Chareonsudjai P, Kanokmedhakul S, Kanokmedhakul K, Chareonsudjai S. Chitosan biological molecule improves bactericidal competence of ceftazidime against Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilms. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 201:676-685. [PMID: 35063492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm-associated Burkholderia pseudomallei infections (melioidosis) are problematic because of reduced sensitivity to antibiotics and high frequency of relapse. Biofilm dispersal agents are essential to liberate the biofilm-encased cells, which then become planktonic and are more susceptible to antibiotics. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of deacetylated chitosan (dCS), an antimicrobial and antibiofilm biological macromolecule, to disrupt established biofilms, thus enabling ceftazidime (CAZ) to kill biofilm-embedded B. pseudomallei. We combined dCS with CAZ using a mechanical stirring method to generate dCS/CAZ. In combination, 1.25-2.5 mg ml-1 dCS/1-2 μg ml-1 CAZ acted synergistically to kill cells more effectively than did either dCS or CAZ alone. Notably, a combination of 5-10 mg ml-1 dCS with 256-512 μg ml-1 CAZ, prepared either by mechanical stirring (dCS/CAZ) or mixing (dCS + CAZ), drastically improved bactericidal activities against biofilm cells leading to a 3-6 log CFU reduction. Confocal laser-scanning microscope (CLSM) images revealed that 10 mg ml-1 dCS/512 μg ml-1 CAZ is by far the best formulation to diminish B. pseudomallei biofilm biomass and produces the lowest live/dead cell ratios of B. pseudomallei in biofilm matrix. Collectively, these findings emphasize the potential of novel therapeutic antibacterial and antibiofilm agents to fight against antibiotic-tolerant B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttaya Thonglao
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rattiyaphorn Pakkulnan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jakkapat Paluka
- Natural Product Research Unit, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pisit Chareonsudjai
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Biofilm Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Somdej Kanokmedhakul
- Natural Product Research Unit, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kwanjai Kanokmedhakul
- Natural Product Research Unit, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sorujsiri Chareonsudjai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Biofilm Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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14
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Kašparová P, Boková S, Rollová M, Paldrychová M, Vaňková E, Lokočová K, Michailidu J, Maťátková O, Masák J. Addition time plays a major role in the inhibitory effect of chitosan on the production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:535-546. [PMID: 35235193 PMCID: PMC9151934 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00707-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacterium capable of forming persistent biofilms that are extremely difficult to eradicate. The species is most infamously known due to complications in cystic fibrosis patients. The high mortality of cystic fibrosis is caused by P. aeruginosa biofilms occurring in pathologically overly mucous lungs, which are the major cause facilitating the organ failure. Due to Pseudomonas biofilm-associated infections, remarkably high doses of antibiotics must be administered, eventually contributing to the development of antibiotic resistance. Nowadays, multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa is one of the most terrible threats in medicine, and the search for novel antimicrobial drugs is of the utmost importance. We have studied the effect of low molecular weight chitosan (LMWCH) on various stages of P. aeruginosa ATCC 10145 biofilm formation and eradication, as well as on production of other virulence factors. LMWCH is a well-known naturally occurring agent with a vast antimicrobial spectrum, which has already found application in various fields of medicine and industry. LMWCH at a concentration of 40 mg/L was able to completely prevent biofilm formation. At a concentration of 60 mg/L, this agent was capable to eradicate already formed biofilm in most studied times of addition (2-12 h of cultivation). LMWCH (50 mg/L) was also able to suppress pyocyanin production when added 2 and 4 h after cultivation. The treatment resulted in reduced formation of cell clusters. LMWCH was proved to be an effective antibiofilm agent worth further clinical research with the potential to become a novel drug for the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kašparová
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 - Dejvice, 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - S Boková
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 - Dejvice, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - M Rollová
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 - Dejvice, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - M Paldrychová
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 - Dejvice, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - E Vaňková
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 - Dejvice, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - K Lokočová
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 - Dejvice, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - J Michailidu
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 - Dejvice, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - O Maťátková
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 - Dejvice, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - J Masák
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 - Dejvice, 166 28, Czech Republic
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15
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Elmehbad NY, Mohamed NA. Terephthalohydrazido cross-linked chitosan hydrogels: synthesis, characterization and applications. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2021.1933975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noura Y. Elmehbad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia A. Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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16
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Maisetta G, Piras AM, Motta V, Braccini S, Mazzantini D, Chiellini F, Zambito Y, Esin S, Batoni G. Antivirulence Properties of a Low-Molecular-Weight Quaternized Chitosan Derivative against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microorganisms 2021; 9:912. [PMID: 33923269 PMCID: PMC8145479 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The co-occurrence of increasing rates of resistance to current antibiotics and the paucity of novel antibiotics pose major challenges for the treatment of bacterial infections. In this scenario, treatments targeting bacterial virulence have gained considerable interest as they are expected to exert a weaker selection for resistance than conventional antibiotics. In a previous study, we demonstrated that a low-molecular-weight quaternized chitosan derivative, named QAL, displays antibiofilm activity against the major pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa at subinhibitory concentrations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether QAL was able to inhibit the production of relevant virulence factors of P. aeruginosa. When tested in vitro at subinhibiting concentrations (0.31-0.62 mg/mL), QAL markedly reduced the production of pyocyanin, pyoverdin, proteases, and LasA, as well as inhibited the swarming motility of three out of four P. aeruginosa strains tested. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses demonstrated that expression of lasI and rhlI, two QS-related genes, was highly downregulated in a representative P. aeruginosa strain. Confocal scanning laser microscopy analysis suggested that FITC-labelled QAL accumulates intracellularly following incubation with P. aeruginosa. In contrast, the reduced production of virulence factors was not evidenced when QAL was used as the main polymeric component of polyelectrolyte-based nanoparticles. Additionally, combination of sub-MIC concentrations of QAL and tobramycin significantly reduced biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa, likely due to a synergistic activity towards planktonic bacteria. Overall, the results obtained demonstrated an antivirulence activity of QAL, possibly due to polymer intracellular localization and QS-inhibition, and its ability to inhibit P. aeruginosa growth synergizing with tobramycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppantonio Maisetta
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (D.M.); (S.E.); (G.B.)
| | - Anna Maria Piras
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.P.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Vincenzo Motta
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (D.M.); (S.E.); (G.B.)
| | - Simona Braccini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, UdR INSTM PISA, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Diletta Mazzantini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (D.M.); (S.E.); (G.B.)
| | - Federica Chiellini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, UdR INSTM PISA, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.P.); (Y.Z.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Semih Esin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (D.M.); (S.E.); (G.B.)
| | - Giovanna Batoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (D.M.); (S.E.); (G.B.)
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17
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Tran TT, Hadinoto K. A Potential Quorum-Sensing Inhibitor for Bronchiectasis Therapy: Quercetin-Chitosan Nanoparticle Complex Exhibiting Superior Inhibition of Biofilm Formation and Swimming Motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the Native Quercetin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041541. [PMID: 33546487 PMCID: PMC7913711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin (QUE)—a plant-derived flavonoid, is recently established as an effective quorum sensing (QS) inhibiting agent in Pseudomonas aeruginosa—the main bacterial pathogen in bronchiectasis lungs. Successful clinical application of QUE, however, is hindered by its low solubility in physiological fluids. Herein we developed a solubility enhancement strategy of QUE in the form of a stable amorphous nanoparticle complex (nanoplex) of QUE and chitosan (CHI), which was prepared by electrostatically driven complexation between ionized QUE molecules and oppositely charged CHI. At its optimal preparation condition, the QUE–CHI nanoplex exhibited a size of roughly 150 nm with a 25% QUE payload and 60% complexation efficiency. The complexation with CHI had no adverse effect on the antibacterial and anticancer activities of QUE, signifying the preservation of QUE’s bioactivities in the nanoplex. Compared to the native QUE, the QUE–CHI nanoplex exhibited superior QS inhibition in suppressing the QS-regulated swimming motility and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa, but not in suppressing the virulence factor production. The superior inhibitions of the biofilm formation and swimming motility afforded by the nanoplex were attributed to (1) its higher kinetic solubility (5-times higher) that led to higher QUE exposures, and (2) the synergistic QS inhibition attributed to its CHI fraction.
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18
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Prabha S, Sowndarya J, Ram PJVS, Rubini D, Hari BNV, Aruni W, Nithyanand P. Chitosan-Coated Surgical Sutures Prevent Adherence and Biofilms of Mixed Microbial Communities. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:502-512. [PMID: 33389059 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sutures are widely used materials for closing the surgical wounds, and being an inert material, sutures are often colonized with drug-resistant polymicrobial biofilms. Surgical site infection (SSI) is a hospital-acquired infection caused by bacteria and fungi specifically in the sutured sites. Although most of the currently available sutures possess antibacterial property, their ability to prevent biofilm colonization by polymicrobial communities is underexplored. So, the present study shows that extracted chitosan (EC) from crab shells prevented the adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans, the predominant members that exist as mixed species at the site of SSI. In comparison with a commercial chitosan, EC showed profound inhibition of slime formation and mixed species biofilm inhibition. Intriguingly, EC-coated sutures could inhibit the growth of both bacterial and fungal pathogens when comparing with a commercial triclosan-coated suture which was active only against the bacterial pathogen. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed inhibition of C. albicans hyphal formation by the EC-coated sutures that is a crucial virulence factor responsible for tissue invasiveness. Collectively, the results of the present study showed that EC from crab shells (discarded material as a recalcitrant biowaste) could be used as an alternative to combat drug-resistant biofilms which are the prime cause for SSIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Prabha
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases [CRID], School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Jothipandiyan Sowndarya
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases [CRID], School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Parepalli Janaki Venkata Sai Ram
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases [CRID], School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Durairajan Rubini
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases [CRID], School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - B Narayanan Vedha Hari
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Wilson Aruni
- US Department of Veteran Affairs, Loma Linda, VA, USA
- California University of Science and Medicine, San Bernardino, California, USA
- Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Paramasivam Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases [CRID], School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India.
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19
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Fattah RAFA, Fathy FEZY, Mohamed TAH, Elsayed MS. Effect of chitosan nanoparticles on quorum sensing-controlled virulence factors and expression of LasI and RhlI genes among Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. AIMS Microbiol 2021; 7:415-430. [PMID: 35071940 PMCID: PMC8712529 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2021025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
<abstract>
<p>Antibiotic-resistant strains of <italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa</italic>) pose a major threat for healthcare-associated and community-acquired infections. <italic>P. aeruginosa</italic> is recognized as an opportunistic pathogen using quorum sensing (QS) system to regulate the expression of virulence factors and biofilm development. Thus, meddling with the QS system would give alternate methods of controlling the pathogenicity. This study aimed to assess the inhibitory impact of chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) on <italic>P. aeruginosa</italic> virulence factors regulated by QS (e.g., motility and biofilm formation) and <italic>LasI</italic> and <italic>RhlI</italic> gene expression. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CS-NPs against 30 isolates of <italic>P. aeruginosa</italic> was determined. The CS-NPs at sub-MIC were utilized to assess their inhibitory effect on motility, biofilm formation, and the expression levels of <italic>LasI</italic> and <italic>RhlI</italic> genes. CS-NPs remarkably inhibited the tested virulence factors as compared to the controls grown without the nanoparticles. The mean (±SD) diameter of swimming motility was decreased from 3.93 (±1.5) to 1.63 (±1.02) cm, and the mean of the swarming motility was reduced from 3.5 (±1.6) to 1.9 (±1.07) cm. All isolates became non-biofilm producers, and the mean percentage rate of biofilm inhibition was 84.95% (±6.18). Quantitative real-time PCR affirmed the opposition of QS activity by lowering the expression levels of <italic>LasI</italic> and <italic>RhlI</italic> genes; the expression level was decreased by 90- and 100-folds, respectively. In conclusion, the application of CS-NPs reduces the virulence factors significantly at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. These promising results can breathe hope in the fight against resistant <italic>P. aeruginosa</italic> by repressing its QS-regulated virulence factors.</p>
</abstract>
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20
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Rajkumar D, Rubini D, Sudharsan M, Suresh D, Nithyanand P. Novel thiazolinyl-picolinamide based palladium(II) complex-impregnated urinary catheters quench the virulence and disintegrate the biofilms of uropathogens. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:351-367. [PMID: 32401555 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1765159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens are prominent members belonging to the group of ESKAPE pathogens responsible for Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) and nosocomial infections. Both the pathogens regulate several virulence factors, including biofilm formation through quorum sensing (QS), an intercellular communication mechanism. The present study describes the anti-biofilm and QS quenching effect of thiazolinyl-picolinamide based palladium(II) complexes against P. aeruginosa and S. marcescens. Palladium(II) complexes showed quorum sensing inhibitory potential in inhibiting swarming motility behaviour, pyocyanin production and other QS mediated virulence factors in both P. aeruginosa and S. marcescens. In addition, the establishment of biofilms was prevented on palladium (II) coated catheters. Overall, the present study demonstrates that thiazolinyl-picolinamide based palladium (II) complexes will be a promising strategy to combat device-mediated UTI infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Rajkumar
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Durairajan Rubini
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Sudharsan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Suresh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Paramasivam Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Tamil Nadu, India
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21
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Wang Y, Li S, Jin M, Han Q, Liu S, Chen X, Han Y. Enhancing the Thermo-Stability and Anti-Bacterium Activity of Lysozyme by Immobilization on Chitosan Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051635. [PMID: 32121010 PMCID: PMC7084273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria requires the development of new antibiotics or new agents capable of enhancing antibiotic activity. Lysozyme degrades bacterial cell wall without involving antibiotic resistance and has become a new antibacterial strategy. However, direct use of native, active proteins in clinical settings is not practical as it is fragile under various conditions. In this study, lysozyme was integrated into chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) by the ionic gelation technique to obtain lysozyme immobilized chitosan nanoparticles (Lys-CS-NPs) and then characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which showed a small particle size (243.1 ± 2.1 nm) and positive zeta potential (22.8 ± 0.2 mV). The immobilization significantly enhanced the thermal stability and reusability of lysozyme. In addition, compared with free lysozyme, Lys-CS-NPs exhibited superb antibacterial properties according to the results of killing kinetics in vitro and measurement of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CS-NPs and Lys-CS-NPs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). These results suggest that the integration of lysozyme into CS-NPs will create opportunities for the further potential applications of lysozyme as an anti-bacterium agent.
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22
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Piras AM, Esin S, Benedetti A, Maisetta G, Fabiano A, Zambito Y, Batoni G. Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Antiadhesive Properties of Different Quaternized Chitosan Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6297. [PMID: 31847119 PMCID: PMC6940869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of antimicrobial resistance, the identification of new antimicrobials is a research priority at the global level. In this regard, the attention towards functional antimicrobial polymers, with biomedical/pharmaceutical grade, and exerting anti-infective properties has recently grown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antiadhesive properties of a number of quaternized chitosan derivatives that have displayed significant muco-adhesive properties and wound healing promotion features in previous studies. Low (QAL) and high (QAH) molecular weight quaternized chitosan derivatives were synthetized and further modified with thiol moieties or pendant cyclodextrin, and their antibacterial activity evaluated as minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC). The ability of the derivatives to prevent biofilm formation was assessed by crystal violet staining. Both QAL and QAH derivatives exerted a bactericidal and/or inhibitory activity on the growth of P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis. The same compounds also showed marked dose-dependent anti-biofilm activity. Furthermore, the high molecular weight derivative (QAH) was used to functionalize titanium plates. The successful functionalization, demonstrated by electron microscopy, was able to partially inhibit the adhesion of S. epidermidis at 6 h of incubation. The shown ability of the chitosan derivatives tested to both inhibit bacterial growth and/or biofilm formation of clinically relevant bacterial species reveals their potential as multifunctional molecules against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Piras
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Semih Esin
- Department of Translational Research and New technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.E.); (A.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Arianna Benedetti
- Department of Translational Research and New technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.E.); (A.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppantonio Maisetta
- Department of Translational Research and New technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.E.); (A.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Angela Fabiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (Y.Z.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Batoni
- Department of Translational Research and New technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.E.); (A.B.); (G.M.)
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