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Bubak MP, Davidyan A, O'Reilly CL, Mondal SA, Keast J, Doidge SM, Borowik AK, Taylor ME, Volovičeva E, Kinter MT, Britton SL, Koch LG, Stout MB, Lewis TL, Miller BF. Metformin treatment results in distinctive skeletal muscle mitochondrial remodeling in rats with different intrinsic aerobic capacities. Aging Cell 2024:e14235. [PMID: 38923664 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The rationale for the use of metformin as a treatment to slow aging was largely based on data collected from metabolically unhealthy individuals. For healthspan extension metformin will also be used in periods of good health. To understand the potential context specificity of metformin treatment on skeletal muscle, we used a rat model (high-capacity runner/low-capacity runner [HCR/LCR]) with a divide in intrinsic aerobic capacity. Outcomes of metformin treatment differed based on baseline intrinsic mitochondrial function, oxidative capacity of the muscle (gastroc vs soleus), and the mitochondrial population (intermyofibrillar vs. subsarcolemmal). Metformin caused lower ADP-stimulated respiration in LCRs, with less of a change in HCRs. However, a washout of metformin resulted in an unexpected doubling of respiratory capacity in HCRs. These improvements in respiratory capacity were accompanied by mitochondrial remodeling that included increases in protein synthesis and changes in morphology. Our findings raise questions about whether the positive findings of metformin treatment are broadly applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Bubak
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, The Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Arik Davidyan
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, The Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Sacramento, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Colleen L O'Reilly
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, The Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Samim A Mondal
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, The Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jordan Keast
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, The Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Stephen M Doidge
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, The Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Agnieszka K Borowik
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, The Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Michael E Taylor
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, The Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Evelina Volovičeva
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, The Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Michael T Kinter
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, The Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael B Stout
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, The Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Tommy L Lewis
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, The Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, The Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- The Oklahoma VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Borowik AK, Lawrence MM, Peelor FF, Piekarz KM, Crosswhite A, Richardson A, Miller BF, Van Remmen H, Brown JL. Senolytic treatment does not mitigate oxidative stress-induced muscle atrophy but improves muscle force generation in CuZn superoxide dismutase knockout mice. GeroScience 2024; 46:3219-3233. [PMID: 38233728 PMCID: PMC11009189 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with tissue dysfunctions that can lead to reduced health. Prior work has shown that oxidative stress contributes to both muscle atrophy and cellular senescence, which is a hallmark of aging that may drive in muscle atrophy and muscle contractile dysfunction. The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that cellular senescence contributes to muscle atrophy or weakness. To increase potential senescence in skeletal muscle, we used a model of oxidative stress-induced muscle frailty, the CuZn superoxide dismutase knockout (Sod1KO) mouse. We treated 6-month-old wildtype (WT) and Sod1KO mice with either vehicle or a senolytic treatment of combined dasatinib (5 mg/kg) + quercetin (50 mg/kg) (D + Q) for 3 consecutive days every 15 days. We continued treatment for 7 months and sacrificed the mice at 13 months of age. Treatment with D + Q did not preserve muscle mass, reduce NMJ fragmentation, or alter muscle protein synthesis in Sod1KO mice when compared to the vehicle-treated group. However, we observed an improvement in muscle-specific force generation in Sod1KO mice treated with D + Q when compared to Sod1KO-vehicle mice. Overall, these data suggest that reducing cellular senescence via D + Q is not sufficient to mitigate loss of muscle mass in a mouse model of oxidative stress-induced muscle frailty but may mitigate some aspects of oxidative stress-induced muscle dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka K Borowik
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Marcus M Lawrence
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, Utah, USA
| | - Frederick F Peelor
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Katarzyna M Piekarz
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Abby Crosswhite
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Oklahoma University Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jacob L Brown
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Zarzycka W, Kobak KA, King CJ, Peelor FF, Miller BF, Chiao YA. Hyperactive mTORC1/4EBP1 Signaling Dysregulates Proteostasis and Accelerates Cardiac Aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.13.594044. [PMID: 38798509 PMCID: PMC11118374 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.13.594044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) has a major impact on aging by regulation of proteostasis. It is well established that mTORC1 signaling is hyperactivated with aging and age-related diseases. Previous studies have shown that partial inhibition of mTOR signaling by rapamycin reverses the age-related decline in cardiac function and structure in old mice. However, the downstream signaling pathways involved in this protection against cardiac aging have not been established. TORC1 phosphorylates 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) to promote the initiation of cap-dependent translation. The aim of this project is to examine the role of the mTORC1/4EBP1 axis in age-related cardiac dysfunction. We utilized a whole-body 4EBP1 KO mouse model, which mimics a hyperactive 4EBP1/eIF4E axis, to investigate the effects of hyperactive mTORC1/4EBP1 axis in cardiac aging. Echocardiographic measurements revealed that young 4EBP1 KO mice have no difference in cardiac function at baseline compared to WT mice. Interestingly, middle-aged (14-15-month-old) 4EBP1 KO mice show impaired diastolic function and myocardial performance compared to age-matched WT mice and their diastolic function and myocardial performance are at similar levels as 24-month-old WT mice, suggesting that 4EBP1 KO mice experience accelerated cardiac aging. Old 4EBP1 KO mice show further declines in systolic and diastolic function compared to middle-aged 4EBP1 KO mice and have worse systolic and diastolic function than age-matched old WT mice. Gene expression levels of heart failure markers are not different between 4EBP1 KO and WT mice at these advanced ages. However, ribosomal biogenesis and overall protein ubiquitination are significantly increased in 4EBP1 KO mice when compared to WT, which suggests dysregulated proteostasis. Together, these results show that a hyperactive 4EBP1/eIF4E axis accelerates cardiac aging, potentially by dysregulating proteostasis.
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Kritikaki E, Terzis G, Soundararajan M, Vogiatzis I, Simoes DC. Expression of intramuscular extracellular matrix proteins in vastus lateralis muscle fibres between atrophic and non-atrophic COPD. ERJ Open Res 2024; 10:00857-2023. [PMID: 38803416 PMCID: PMC11129643 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00857-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are the major constituents of the muscle cell micro-environment, imparting instructive signalling, steering cell behaviour and controlling muscle regeneration. ECM remodelling is among the most affected signalling pathways in COPD and aged muscle. As a fraction of COPD patients present muscle atrophy, we questioned whether ECM composition would be altered in patients with peripheral muscle wasting (atrophic COPD) compared to those without muscle wasting (non-atrophic COPD). Methods A set of ECM molecules with known impact on myogenesis were quantified in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies from 29 COPD patients (forced expiratory volume in 1 s 55±12% predicted) using ELISA and real-time PCR. COPD patients were grouped to atrophic or non-atrophic based on fat-free mass index (<17 or ≥17 kg·m-2). Results Atrophic COPD patients presented a lower average vastus lateralis muscle fibre cross-sectional area (3872±258 μm2) compared to non-atrophic COPD (4509±198 μm2). Gene expression of ECM molecules was found significantly lower in atrophic COPD compared to non-atrophic COPD for collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), fibronectin (FN1), tenascin C (TNC) and biglycan (BGN). In terms of protein levels, there were no significant differences between the two COPD cohorts for any of the ECM molecules tested. Conclusions Although atrophic COPD presented decreased contractile muscle tissue, the differences in ECM mRNA expression between atrophic and non-atrophic COPD were not translated at the protein level, potentially indicating an accumulation of long-lived ECM proteins and dysregulated proteostasis, as is typically observed during deconditioning and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efpraxia Kritikaki
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gerasimos Terzis
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Meera Soundararajan
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ioannis Vogiatzis
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Davina C.M. Simoes
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Trundle J, Cernisova V, Boulinguiez A, Lu-Nguyen N, Malerba A, Popplewell L. Expression of the Pro-Fibrotic Marker Periostin in a Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:216. [PMID: 38255321 PMCID: PMC10813341 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterised by fibrotic tissue deposition in skeletal muscle. We assessed the role of periostin in fibrosis using mdx mice, an established DMD murine model, for which we conducted a thorough examination of periostin expression over a year. RNA and protein levels in diaphragm (DIA) muscles were assessed and complemented by a detailed histological analysis at 5 months of age. In dystrophic DIAs, periostin (Postn) mRNA expression significantly exceeded that seen in wildtype controls at all timepoints analysed, with the highest expression at 5 months of age (p < 0.05). We found Postn to be more consistently highly expressed at the earlier timepoints compared to established markers of fibrosis like transforming growth factor-beta 1 (Tgf-β1) and connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf). Immunohistochemistry confirmed a significantly higher periostin protein expression in 5-month-old mdx mice compared to age-matched healthy controls (p < 0.01), coinciding with a significant fibrotic area percentage (p < 0.0001). RT-qPCR also indicated an elevated expression of Tgf-β1, Col1α1 (collagen type 1 alpha 1) and Ctgf in mdx DIAs compared to wild type controls (p < 0.05) at 8- and 12-month timepoints. Accordingly, immunoblot quantification demonstrated elevated periostin (3, 5 and 8 months, p < 0.01) and Tgf-β1 (8 and 12 months, p < 0.001) proteins in the mdx muscle. These findings collectively suggest that periostin expression is a valuable marker of fibrosis in this relevant model of DMD. They also suggest periostin as a potential contributor to fibrosis development, with an early onset of expression, thereby offering the potential for timely therapeutic intervention and its use as a biomarker in muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Trundle
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; (J.T.); (V.C.); (A.B.); (N.L.-N.); (L.P.)
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Viktorija Cernisova
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; (J.T.); (V.C.); (A.B.); (N.L.-N.); (L.P.)
| | - Alexis Boulinguiez
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; (J.T.); (V.C.); (A.B.); (N.L.-N.); (L.P.)
| | - Ngoc Lu-Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; (J.T.); (V.C.); (A.B.); (N.L.-N.); (L.P.)
| | - Alberto Malerba
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; (J.T.); (V.C.); (A.B.); (N.L.-N.); (L.P.)
| | - Linda Popplewell
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; (J.T.); (V.C.); (A.B.); (N.L.-N.); (L.P.)
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington DL1 1HG, UK
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Larson KR, Jayakrishnan D, Soto Sauza KA, Goodson ML, Chaffin AT, Davidyan A, Pathak S, Fang Y, Gonzalez Magaña D, Miller BF, Ryan KK. FGF21 Induces Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Increases Amino Acids in Female Mice: A Potential Role for Glucocorticoids. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae004. [PMID: 38244215 PMCID: PMC10849119 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) is an intercellular signaling molecule secreted by metabolic organs, including skeletal muscle, in response to intracellular stress. FGF21 crosses the blood-brain barrier and acts via the nervous system to coordinate aspects of the adaptive starvation response, including increased lipolysis, gluconeogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. Given its beneficial effects for hepatic lipid metabolism, pharmaceutical FGF21 analogues are used in clinical trials treatment of fatty liver disease. We predicted pharmacologic treatment with FGF21 increases HPA axis activity and skeletal muscle glucocorticoid signaling and induces skeletal muscle atrophy in mice. Here we found a short course of systemic FGF21 treatment decreased muscle protein synthesis and reduced tibialis anterior weight; this was driven primarily by its effect in female mice. Similarly, intracerebroventricular FGF21 reduced tibialis anterior muscle fiber cross-sectional area; this was more apparent among female mice than male littermates. In agreement with the reduced muscle mass, the topmost enriched metabolic pathways in plasma collected from FGF21-treated females were related to amino acid metabolism, and the relative abundance of plasma proteinogenic amino acids was increased up to 3-fold. FGF21 treatment increased hypothalamic Crh mRNA, plasma corticosterone, and adrenal weight, and increased expression of glucocorticoid receptor target genes known to reduce muscle protein synthesis and/or promote degradation. Given the proposed use of FGF21 analogues for the treatment of metabolic disease, the study is both physiologically relevant and may have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlton R Larson
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Devi Jayakrishnan
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Karla A Soto Sauza
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael L Goodson
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Aki T Chaffin
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Arik Davidyan
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Sacramento, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Suraj Pathak
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yanbin Fang
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Diego Gonzalez Magaña
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Karen K Ryan
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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O'Reilly CL, Bodine SC, Miller BF. Current limitations and future opportunities of tracer studies of muscle ageing. J Physiol 2023:10.1113/JP285616. [PMID: 38051758 PMCID: PMC11150331 DOI: 10.1113/jp285616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen L O'Reilly
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma City Veterans Association, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma City Veterans Association, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Fuqua JD, Lawrence MM, Hettinger ZR, Borowik AK, Brecheen PL, Szczygiel MM, Abbott CB, Peelor FF, Confides AL, Kinter M, Bodine SC, Dupont‐Versteegden EE, Miller BF. Impaired proteostatic mechanisms other than decreased protein synthesis limit old skeletal muscle recovery after disuse atrophy. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:2076-2089. [PMID: 37448295 PMCID: PMC10570113 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle mass and strength diminish during periods of disuse but recover upon return to weight bearing in healthy adults but are incomplete in old muscle. Efforts to improve muscle recovery in older individuals commonly aim at increasing myofibrillar protein synthesis via mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) stimulation despite evidence demonstrating that old muscle has chronically elevated levels of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity. We hypothesized that protein synthesis is higher in old muscle than adult muscle, which contributes to a proteostatic stress that impairs recovery. METHODS We unloaded hindlimbs of adult (10-month) and old (28-month) F344BN rats for 14 days to induce atrophy, followed by reloading up to 60 days with deuterium oxide (D2 O) labelling to study muscle regrowth and proteostasis. RESULTS We found that old muscle has limited recovery of muscle mass during reloading despite having higher translational capacity and myofibrillar protein synthesis (0.029 k/day ± 0.002 vs. 0.039 k/day ± 0.002, P < 0.0001) than adult muscle. We showed that collagen protein synthesis was not different (0.005 k (1/day) ± 0.0005 vs. 0.004 k (1/day) ± 0.0005, P = 0.15) in old compared to adult, but old muscle had higher collagen concentration (4.5 μg/mg ± 1.2 vs. 9.8 μg/mg ± 0.96, P < 0.01), implying that collagen breakdown was slower in old muscle than adult muscle. This finding was supported by old muscle having more insoluble collagen (4.0 ± 1.1 vs. 9.2 ± 0.9, P < 0.01) and an accumulation of advanced glycation end products (1.0 ± 0.06 vs. 1.5 ± 0.08, P < 0.001) than adult muscle during reloading. Limited recovery of muscle mass during reloading is in part due to higher protein degradation (0.017 1/t ± 0.002 vs. 0.028 1/t ± 0.004, P < 0.05) and/or compromised proteostasis as evidenced by accumulation of ubiquitinated insoluble proteins (1.02 ± 0.06 vs. 1.22 ± 0.06, P < 0.05). Last, we showed that synthesis of individual proteins related to protein folding/refolding, protein degradation and neural-related biological processes was higher in old muscle during reloading than adult muscle. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the failure of old muscle to recover after disuse is not due to limitations in the ability to synthesize myofibrillar proteins but because of other impaired proteostatic mechanisms (e.g., protein folding and degradation). These data provide novel information on individual proteins that accumulate in protein aggregates after disuse and certain biological processes such as protein folding and degradation that likely play a role in impaired recovery. Therefore, interventions to enhance regrowth of old muscle after disuse should be directed towards the identified impaired proteostatic mechanisms and not aimed at increasing protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D. Fuqua
- Aging & Metabolism Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Marcus M. Lawrence
- Aging & Metabolism Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOKUSA
- Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor RecreationSouthern Utah UniversityCedar CityUTUSA
| | - Zachary R. Hettinger
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Agnieszka K. Borowik
- Aging & Metabolism Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Parker L. Brecheen
- Aging & Metabolism Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Marcelina M. Szczygiel
- Aging & Metabolism Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Claire B. Abbott
- Aging & Metabolism Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Frederick F. Peelor
- Aging & Metabolism Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Amy L. Confides
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Michael Kinter
- Aging & Metabolism Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Sue C. Bodine
- Aging & Metabolism Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOKUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research CenterUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical CenterIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Esther E. Dupont‐Versteegden
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Benjamin F. Miller
- Aging & Metabolism Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOKUSA
- Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
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Batterson PM, McGowan EM, Borowik AK, Kinter MT, Miller BF, Newsom SA, Robinson MM. High-fat diet increases electron transfer flavoprotein synthesis and lipid respiration in skeletal muscle during exercise training in female mice. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15840. [PMID: 37857571 PMCID: PMC10587055 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) and exercise remodel skeletal muscle mitochondria. The electron transfer flavoproteins (ETF) transfer reducing equivalents from β-oxidation into the electron transfer system. Exercise may stimulate the synthesis of ETF proteins to increase lipid respiration. We determined mitochondrial remodeling for lipid respiration through ETF in the context of higher mitochondrial abundance/capacity seen in female mice. We hypothesized HFD would be a greater stimulus than exercise to remodel ETF and lipid pathways through increased protein synthesis alongside increased lipid respiration. Female C57BL/6J mice (n = 15 per group) consumed HFD or low-fat diet (LFD) for 4 weeks then remained sedentary (SED) or completed 8 weeks of treadmill training (EX). We determined mitochondrial lipid respiration, RNA abundance, individual protein synthesis, and abundance for ETFα, ETFβ, and ETF dehydrogenase (ETFDH). HFD increased absolute and relative lipid respiration (p = 0.018 and p = 0.034) and RNA abundance for ETFα (p = 0.026), ETFβ (p = 0.003), and ETFDH (p = 0.0003). HFD increased synthesis for ETFα and ETFDH (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.002). EX increased synthesis of ETFβ and ETFDH (p = 0.008 and p = 0.006). Higher synthesis rates of ETF were not always reflected in greater protein abundance. Greater synthesis of ETF during HFD indicates mitochondrial remodeling which may contribute higher mitochondrial lipid respiration through enhanced ETF function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M. Batterson
- School of Biological and Population Health SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Erin M. McGowan
- School of Biological and Population Health SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Agnieszka K. Borowik
- Aging and Metabolism Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Michael T. Kinter
- Aging and Metabolism Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Benjamin F. Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
- Oklahoma City VAOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Sean A. Newsom
- School of Biological and Population Health SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Matthew M. Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
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10
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Curl CC, Leija RG, Arevalo JA, Osmond AD, Duong JJ, Kaufer D, Horning MA, Brooks GA. Underfeeding Alters Brain Tissue Synthesis Rate in a Rat Brain Injury Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13195. [PMID: 37686002 PMCID: PMC10487942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain injuries (BI) are highly disruptive, often having long lasting effects. Inadequate standard of care (SOC) energy support in the hospital leads to dietary energy deficiencies in BI patients. However, it is unclear how underfeeding (UF) affects protein synthesis post-BI. Therefore, in a rat model, we addressed the issue of UF on the protein fractional synthesis rate (fSR) post-BI. Compared to ad libitum (AL)-fed animals, we found that UF decreased protein synthesis in hind-limb skeletal muscle and cortical mitochondrial and structural proteins (p ≤ 0.05). BI significantly increased protein synthesis in the left and right cortices (p ≤ 0.05), but suppressed protein synthesis in the cerebellum (p ≤ 0.05) as compared to non-injured sham animals. Compared to underfeeding alone, UF in conjunction with BI (UF+BI) caused increased protein synthesis rates in mitochondrial, cytosolic, and whole-tissue proteins of the cortical brain regions. The increased rates of protein synthesis found in the UF+BI group were mitigated by AL feeding, demonstrating that caloric adequacy alleviates the effects of BI on protein dynamics in cortical and cerebellar brain regions. This research provides evidence that underfeeding has a negative impact on brain healing post-BI and that protein reserves in uninjured tissues are mobilized to support cortical tissue repair following BI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - George A. Brooks
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA; (C.C.C.); (R.G.L.); (J.A.A.); (A.D.O.); (D.K.)
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11
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Bruns DR, McNair BD, Peelor FF, Borowik AK, Pranay A, Yusifov A, Miller BF. Skeletal and cardiac muscle have different protein turnover responses in a model of right heart failure. GeroScience 2023; 45:2545-2557. [PMID: 37118350 PMCID: PMC10651599 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Right heart failure (RHF) is a common and deadly disease in aged populations. Extra-cardiac outcomes of RHF such as skeletal muscle atrophy contribute to morbidity and mortality. Despite the significance of maintaining right ventricular (RV) and muscle function, the mechanisms of RHF and muscle atrophy are unclear. Metformin (MET) improves cardiac and muscle function through the regulation of metabolism and the cellular stress response. However, whether MET is a viable therapeutic for RHF and muscle atrophy is not yet known. We used deuterium oxide labeling to measure individual protein turnover in the RV as well as subcellular skeletal muscle proteostasis in aged male mice subjected to 4 weeks of hypobaric hypoxia (HH)-induced RHF. Mice exposed to HH had elevated RV mass and impaired RV systolic function, neither of which was prevented by MET. HH resulted in a higher content of glycolytic, cardiac, and antioxidant proteins in the RV, most of which were inhibited by MET. The synthesis of these key RV proteins was generally unchanged by MET, suggesting MET accelerated protein breakdown. HH resulted in a loss of skeletal muscle mass due to inhibited protein synthesis alongside myofibrillar protein breakdown. MET did not impact HH-induced muscle protein turnover and did not prevent muscle wasting. Together, we show tissue-dependent responses to HH-induced RHF where the RV undergoes hypertrophic remodeling with higher expression of metabolic and stress response proteins. Skeletal muscle undergoes loss of protein mass and atrophy, primarily due to myofibrillar protein breakdown. MET did not prevent HH-induced RV dysfunction or muscle wasting, suggesting that the identification of other therapies to attenuate RHF and concomitant muscle atrophy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Bruns
- Division of Kinesiology & Health, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, Dept. 3196, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
- Wyoming WWAMI Medical Education, Laramie, WY, USA.
| | - Benjamin D McNair
- Division of Kinesiology & Health, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, Dept. 3196, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Frederick F Peelor
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Agnieszka K Borowik
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Atul Pranay
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Aykhan Yusifov
- Division of Kinesiology & Health, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, Dept. 3196, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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12
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Miller MJ, Marcotte GR, Basisty N, Wehrfritz C, Ryan ZC, Strub MD, McKeen AT, Stern JI, Nath KA, Rasmussen BB, Judge AR, Schilling B, Ebert SM, Adams CM. The transcription regulator ATF4 is a mediator of skeletal muscle aging. GeroScience 2023; 45:2525-2543. [PMID: 37014538 PMCID: PMC10071239 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging slowly erodes skeletal muscle strength and mass, eventually leading to profound functional deficits and muscle atrophy. The molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle aging are not well understood. To better understand mechanisms of muscle aging, we investigated the potential role of ATF4, a transcription regulatory protein that can rapidly promote skeletal muscle atrophy in young animals deprived of adequate nutrition or activity. To test the hypothesis that ATF4 may be involved in skeletal muscle aging, we studied fed and active muscle-specific ATF4 knockout mice (ATF4 mKO mice) at 6 months of age, when wild-type mice have achieved peak muscle mass and function, and at 22 months of age, when wild-type mice have begun to manifest age-related muscle atrophy and weakness. We found that 6-month-old ATF4 mKO mice develop normally and are phenotypically indistinguishable from 6-month-old littermate control mice. However, as ATF4 mKO mice become older, they exhibit significant protection from age-related declines in strength, muscle quality, exercise capacity, and muscle mass. Furthermore, ATF4 mKO muscles are protected from some of the transcriptional changes characteristic of normal muscle aging (repression of certain anabolic mRNAs and induction of certain senescence-associated mRNAs), and ATF4 mKO muscles exhibit altered turnover of several proteins with important roles in skeletal muscle structure and metabolism. Collectively, these data suggest ATF4 as an essential mediator of skeletal muscle aging and provide new insight into a degenerative process that impairs the health and quality of life of many older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Miller
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - George R Marcotte
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nathan Basisty
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Zachary C Ryan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Matthew D Strub
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Jennifer I Stern
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Karl A Nath
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Blake B Rasmussen
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Emmyon, Inc., Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrew R Judge
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emmyon, Inc., Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Scott M Ebert
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Emmyon, Inc., Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Christopher M Adams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Emmyon, Inc., Rochester, MN, USA.
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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13
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Musci RV, Andrie KM, Walsh MA, Valenti ZJ, Linden MA, Afzali MF, Bork S, Campbell M, Johnson T, Kail TE, Martinez R, Nguyen T, Sanford J, Wist S, Murrell MD, McCord JM, Hybertson BM, Zhang Q, Javors MA, Santangelo KS, Hamilton KL. Phytochemical compound PB125 attenuates skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired proteostasis in a model of musculoskeletal decline. J Physiol 2023; 601:2189-2216. [PMID: 35924591 PMCID: PMC9898472 DOI: 10.1113/jp282273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial function and disrupted proteostasis contribute to musculoskeletal dysfunction. However, few interventions simultaneously target these two drivers to prevent musculoskeletal decline. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activates a transcriptional programme promoting cytoprotection, metabolism, and proteostasis. We hypothesized daily treatment with a purported Nrf2 activator, PB125, in Hartley guinea pigs, a model of musculoskeletal decline, would attenuate the progression of skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired proteostasis and preserve musculoskeletal function. We treated 2- and 5-month-old male and female Hartley guinea pigs for 3 and 10 months, respectively, with the phytochemical compound PB125. Longitudinal assessments of voluntary mobility were measured using Any-MazeTM open-field enclosure monitoring. Cumulative skeletal muscle protein synthesis rates were measured using deuterium oxide over the final 30 days of treatment. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption in soleus muscles was measured using high resolution respirometry. In both sexes, PB125 (1) increased electron transfer system capacity; (2) attenuated the disease/age-related decline in coupled and uncoupled mitochondrial respiration; and (3) attenuated declines in protein synthesis in the myofibrillar, mitochondrial and cytosolic subfractions of the soleus. These effects were not associated with statistically significant prolonged maintenance of voluntary mobility in guinea pigs. Collectively, treatment with PB125 contributed to maintenance of skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration and proteostasis in a pre-clinical model of musculoskeletal decline. Further investigation is necessary to determine if these documented effects of PB125 are also accompanied by slowed progression of other aspects of musculoskeletal dysfunction. KEY POINTS: Aside from exercise, there are no effective interventions for musculoskeletal decline, which begins in the fifth decade of life and contributes to disability and cardiometabolic diseases. Targeting both mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired protein homeostasis (proteostasis), which contribute to the age and disease process, may mitigate the progressive decline in overall musculoskeletal function (e.g. gait, strength). A potential intervention to target disease drivers is to stimulate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation, which leads to the transcription of genes responsible for redox homeostasis, proteome maintenance and mitochondrial energetics. Here, we tested a purported phytochemical Nrf2 activator, PB125, to improve mitochondrial function and proteostasis in male and female Hartley guinea pigs, which are a model for musculoskeletal ageing. PB125 improved mitochondrial respiration and attenuated disease- and age-related declines in skeletal muscle protein synthesis, a component of proteostasis, in both male and female Hartley guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert V. Musci
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kendra M. Andrie
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Maureen A. Walsh
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Zackary J. Valenti
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Melissa A. Linden
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Maryam F. Afzali
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sydney Bork
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Margaret Campbell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Taylor Johnson
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Thomas E. Kail
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Richard Martinez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Tessa Nguyen
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joseph Sanford
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sara Wist
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Joe M. McCord
- Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Brooks M. Hybertson
- Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Kelly S. Santangelo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Karyn L. Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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14
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Li P, Newhardt MF, Matsuzaki S, Eyster C, Pranay A, Peelor FF, Batushansky A, Kinter C, Subramani K, Subrahmanian S, Ahamed J, Yu P, Kinter M, Miller BF, Humphries KM. The loss of cardiac SIRT3 decreases metabolic flexibility and proteostasis in an age-dependent manner. GeroScience 2023; 45:983-999. [PMID: 36460774 PMCID: PMC9886736 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT3 is a longevity factor that acts as the primary deacetylase in mitochondria. Although ubiquitously expressed, previous global SIRT3 knockout studies have shown primarily a cardiac-specific phenotype. Here, we sought to determine how specifically knocking out SIRT3 in cardiomyocytes (SIRTcKO mice) temporally affects cardiac function and metabolism. Mice displayed an age-dependent increase in cardiac pathology, with 10-month-old mice exhibiting significant loss of systolic function, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. While mitochondrial function was maintained at 10 months, proteomics and metabolic phenotyping indicated SIRT3 hearts had increased reliance on glucose as an energy substrate. Additionally, there was a significant increase in branched-chain amino acids in SIRT3cKO hearts without concurrent increases in mTOR activity. Heavy water labeling experiments demonstrated that, by 3 months of age, there was an increase in protein synthesis that promoted hypertrophic growth with a potential loss of proteostasis in SIRT3cKO hearts. Cumulatively, these data show that the cardiomyocyte-specific loss of SIRT3 results in severe pathology with an accelerated aging phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13thSt, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Central South University, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Maria F Newhardt
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13thSt, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Satoshi Matsuzaki
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13thSt, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Craig Eyster
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13thSt, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Atul Pranay
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13thSt, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Frederick F Peelor
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13thSt, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Albert Batushansky
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13thSt, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Caroline Kinter
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13thSt, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Kumar Subramani
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sandeep Subrahmanian
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jasimuddin Ahamed
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Pengchun Yu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael Kinter
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13thSt, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13thSt, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kenneth M Humphries
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13thSt, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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15
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Basisty N, Shulman N, Wehrfritz C, Marsh AN, Shah S, Rose J, Ebert S, Miller M, Dai DF, Rabinovitch PS, Adams CM, MacCoss MJ, MacLean B, Schilling B. TurnoveR: A Skyline External Tool for Analysis of Protein Turnover in Metabolic Labeling Studies. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:311-322. [PMID: 36165806 PMCID: PMC10066879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In spite of its central role in biology and disease, protein turnover is a largely understudied aspect of most proteomic studies due to the complexity of computational workflows that analyze in vivo turnover rates. To address this need, we developed a new computational tool, TurnoveR, to accurately calculate protein turnover rates from mass spectrometric analysis of metabolic labeling experiments in Skyline, a free and open-source proteomics software platform. TurnoveR is a straightforward graphical interface that enables seamless integration of protein turnover analysis into a traditional proteomics workflow in Skyline, allowing users to take advantage of the advanced and flexible data visualization and curation features built into the software. The computational pipeline of TurnoveR performs critical steps to determine protein turnover rates, including isotopologue demultiplexing, precursor-pool correction, statistical analysis, and generation of data reports and visualizations. This workflow is compatible with many mass spectrometric platforms and recapitulates turnover rates and differential changes in turnover rates between treatment groups calculated in previous studies. We expect that the addition of TurnoveR to the widely used Skyline proteomics software will facilitate wider utilization of protein turnover analysis in highly relevant biological models, including aging, neurodegeneration, and skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Basisty
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945, United States
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Nicholas Shulman
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Cameron Wehrfritz
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945, United States
| | - Alexandra N Marsh
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Samah Shah
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945, United States
| | - Jacob Rose
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945, United States
| | - Scott Ebert
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
- Emmyon, Inc., Rochester, Minnesota 55902, United States
| | - Matthew Miller
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Dao-Fu Dai
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Peter S Rabinovitch
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Christopher M Adams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
- Emmyon, Inc., Rochester, Minnesota 55902, United States
| | - Michael J MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Brendan MacLean
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Birgit Schilling
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945, United States
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16
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Ali Mondal S, Sathiaseelan R, Mann SN, Kamal M, Luo W, Saccon TD, Isola JVV, Peelor FF, Li T, Freeman WM, Miller BF, Stout MB. 17α-estradiol, a lifespan-extending compound, attenuates liver fibrosis by modulating collagen turnover rates in male mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E120-E134. [PMID: 36516471 PMCID: PMC9902223 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00256.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen signaling is protective against chronic liver diseases, although men and a subset of women are contraindicated for chronic treatment with 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) or combination hormone replacement therapies. We sought to determine if 17α-estradiol (17α-E2), a naturally occurring diastereomer of 17β-E2, could attenuate liver fibrosis. We evaluated the effects of 17α-E2 treatment on collagen synthesis and degradation rates using tracer-based labeling approaches in male mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis. We also assessed the effects of 17α-E2 on markers of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, collagen cross-linking, collagen degradation, and liver macrophage content and polarity. We found that 17α-E2 significantly reduced collagen synthesis rates and increased collagen degradation rates, which was mirrored by declines in transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) protein content in liver. These improvements were associated with increased matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) activity and suppressed stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) protein levels, the latter of which has been linked to the resolution of liver fibrosis. We also found that 17α-E2 increased liver fetuin-A protein, a strong inhibitor of TGF-β1 signaling, and reduced proinflammatory macrophage activation and cytokines expression in the liver. We conclude that 17α-E2 reduces fibrotic burden by suppressing HSC activation and enhancing collagen degradation mechanisms. Future studies will be needed to determine if 17α-E2 acts directly in hepatocytes, HSCs, and/or immune cells to elicit these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samim Ali Mondal
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Roshini Sathiaseelan
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Shivani N Mann
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Maria Kamal
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Wenyi Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Tatiana D Saccon
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - José V V Isola
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Frederick F Peelor
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Tiangang Li
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Willard M Freeman
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Michael B Stout
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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17
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Fractional Gluconeogenesis: A Biomarker of Dietary Energy Adequacy in a Rat Brain Injury Model. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121163. [PMID: 36557201 PMCID: PMC9781857 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients treated for traumatic brain injury (TBI) are in metabolic crises because of the trauma and underfeeding. We utilized fractional gluconeogenesis (fGNG) to assess nutritional adequacy in ad libitum-fed and calorically-restricted rats following TBI. Male Sprague-Dawley individually housed rats 49 days of age were randomly assigned into four groups: ad libitum (AL) fed control (AL-Con, sham), AL plus TBI (AL+TBI), caloric restriction (CR) control (CR-Con, sham), and CR plus TBI (CR+TBI). From days 1-7 animals were given AL access to food and water containing 6% deuterium oxide (D2O). On day 8, a pre-intervention blood sample was drawn from each animal, and TBI, sham injury, and CR protocols were initiated. On day 22, the animals were euthanized, and blood was collected to measure fGNG. Pre-intervention, there was no significant difference in fGNG among groups (p ≥ 0.05). There was a significant increase in fGNG due to caloric restriction, independent of TBI (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, fGNG may provide a real-time, personalized biomarker for assessing patient dietary caloric needs.
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18
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Borowik AK, Davidyan A, Peelor FF, Voloviceva E, Doidge SM, Bubak MP, Mobley CB, McCarthy JJ, Dupont-Versteegden EE, Miller BF. Skeletal Muscle Nuclei in Mice are not Post-mitotic. FUNCTION 2022; 4:zqac059. [PMID: 36569816 PMCID: PMC9772608 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscle research field generally accepts that nuclei in skeletal muscle fibers (ie, myonuclei) are post-mitotic and unable to proliferate. Because our deuterium oxide (D2O) labeling studies showed DNA synthesis in skeletal muscle tissue, we hypothesized that resident myonuclei can replicate in vivo. To test this hypothesis, we used a mouse model that temporally labeled myonuclei with GFP followed by D2O labeling during normal cage activity, functional overload, and with satellite cell ablation. During normal cage activity, we observed deuterium enrichment into myonuclear DNA in 7 out of 7 plantaris (PLA), 6 out of 6 tibialis anterior (TA), 5 out of 7 gastrocnemius (GAST), and 7 out of 7 quadriceps (QUAD). The average fractional synthesis rates (FSR) of DNA in myonuclei were: 0.0202 ± 0.0093 in PLA, 0.0239 ± 0.0040 in TA, 0.0076 ± 0. 0058 in GAST, and 0.0138 ± 0.0039 in QUAD, while there was no replication in myonuclei from EDL. These FSR values were largely reproduced in the overload and satellite cell ablation conditions, although there were higher synthesis rates in the overloaded PLA muscle. We further provided evidence that myonuclear replication is through endoreplication, which results in polyploidy. These novel findings contradict the dogma that skeletal muscle nuclei are post-mitotic and open potential avenues to harness the intrinsic replicative ability of myonuclei for muscle maintenance and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka K Borowik
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Arik Davidyan
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819, USA
| | - Frederick F Peelor
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Evelina Voloviceva
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Stephen M Doidge
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Matthew P Bubak
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | | | - John J McCarthy
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Esther E Dupont-Versteegden
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, 900 S Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, 921 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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19
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Naylor B, Anderson CNK, Hadfield M, Parkinson DH, Ahlstrom A, Hannemann A, Quilling CR, Cutler KJ, Denton RL, Adamson R, Angel TE, Burlett RS, Hafen PS, Dallon JC, Transtrum MK, Hyldahl RD, Price JC. Utilizing Nonequilibrium Isotope Enrichments to Dramatically Increase Turnover Measurement Ranges in Single Biopsy Samples from Humans. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2703-2714. [PMID: 36099490 PMCID: PMC9639613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of new proteins and the degradation of old proteins in vivo can be quantified in serial samples using metabolic isotope labeling to measure turnover. Because serial biopsies in humans are impractical, we set out to develop a method to calculate the turnover rates of proteins from single human biopsies. This method involved a new metabolic labeling approach and adjustments to the calculations used in previous work to calculate protein turnover. We demonstrate that using a nonequilibrium isotope enrichment strategy avoids the time dependent bias caused by variable lag in label delivery to different tissues observed in traditional metabolic labeling methods. Turnover rates are consistent for the same subject in biopsies from different labeling periods, and turnover rates calculated in this study are consistent with previously reported values. We also demonstrate that by measuring protein turnover we can determine where proteins are synthesized. In human subjects a significant difference in turnover rates differentiated proteins synthesized in the salivary glands versus those imported from the serum. We also provide a data analysis tool, DeuteRater-H, to calculate protein turnover using this nonequilibrium metabolic 2H2O method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley
C. Naylor
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | | | - Marcus Hadfield
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - David H. Parkinson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Austin Ahlstrom
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Austin Hannemann
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Chad R. Quilling
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Kyle J. Cutler
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Russell L. Denton
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Robert Adamson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Thomas E. Angel
- In-vitro/In-vivo
Translation Platform Group, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Rebecca S. Burlett
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Paul S. Hafen
- Department
of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - John. C. Dallon
- Department
of Mathematics, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Mark K. Transtrum
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Robert D. Hyldahl
- Department
of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - John C. Price
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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20
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Kviatkovsky SA, Hickner RC, Ormsbee MJ. Collagen peptide supplementation for pain and function: is it effective? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2022; 25:401-406. [PMID: 36044324 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Connective tissue injuries are prevalent in active and aging populations, leading to chronic pain and decreased function. Turnover of this tissue is not well understood, especially as it relates to aging and injury. Supplementation of collagen peptides has been shown to improve connective tissue recovery and pain through increased collagen production. RECENT FINDINGS Collagen peptide supplementation improves pain and function, and upregulates metabolic pathways associated with muscle and tendon growth. Literature from the past 12-18 months supports that these pathways are also involved with increased synthesis and degradation of collagen and other elements of the extracellular matrix. Improvements in body composition and strength have been noted with collagen peptide supplementation when paired with resistance training. Collagen peptide supplements are hydrolyzed into small peptides, termed bioactive peptides, and individual amino acids. These bioactive peptides are associated with the benefits observed with collagen peptide supplementation and may play a critical role in the collagen turnover. SUMMARY Collagen peptide supplementation has been shown to promote recovery, decrease pain, and improve strength and body composition when paired with resistance training. These benefits may be attributed to bioactive peptides in collagen peptide supplements. Additional research is warranted to examine the specific effects of these bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiloah A Kviatkovsky
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
- Center for Aging and Longevity, Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Robert C Hickner
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
- Department of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Michael J Ormsbee
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
- Department of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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21
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Crossland H, Brook MS, Quinlan JI, Franchi MV, Phillips BE, Wilkinson DJ, Maganaris CN, Greenhaff PL, Szewczyk NJ, Smith K, Narici MV, Atherton PJ. Metabolic and molecular responses of human patellar tendon to concentric- and eccentric-type exercise in youth and older age. GeroScience 2022; 45:331-344. [PMID: 35948859 PMCID: PMC9886711 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise training can induce adaptive changes to tendon tissue both structurally and mechanically; however, the underlying compositional changes that contribute to these alterations remain uncertain in humans, particularly in the context of the ageing tendon. The aims of the present study were to determine the molecular changes with ageing in patellar tendons in humans, as well as the responses to exercise and exercise type (eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CON)) in young and old patellar tendon. Healthy younger males (age 23.5 ± 6.1 years; n = 27) and older males (age 68.5 ± 1.9 years; n = 27) undertook 8 weeks of CON or ECC training (3 times per week; at 60% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM)) or no training. Subjects consumed D2O throughout the protocol and tendon biopsies were collected after 4 and 8 weeks for measurement of fractional synthetic rates (FSR) of tendon protein synthesis and gene expression. There were increases in tendon protein synthesis following 4 weeks of CON and ECC training (P < 0.01; main effect by ANOVA), with no differences observed between young and old males, or training type. At the transcriptional level however, ECC in young adults generally induced greater responses of collagen and extracellular matrix-related genes than CON, while older individuals had reduced gene expression responses to training. Different training types did not appear to induce differential tendon responses in terms of protein synthesis, and while tendons from older adults exhibited different transcriptional responses to younger individuals, protein turnover changes with training were similar for both age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Crossland
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Matthew S Brook
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Jonathan I Quinlan
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- 3National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martino V Franchi
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Bethan E Phillips
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Daniel J Wilkinson
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | | | - Paul L Greenhaff
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Nathaniel J Szewczyk
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI) and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Kenneth Smith
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Marco V Narici
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- CIR-MYO Myology Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Philip J Atherton
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK.
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22
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Long DE, Peck BD, Lavin KM, Dungan CM, Kosmac K, Tuggle SC, Bamman MM, Kern PA, Peterson CA. Skeletal muscle properties show collagen organization and immune cell content are associated with resistance exercise response heterogeneity in older persons. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:1432-1447. [PMID: 35482328 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00025.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In older individuals, hypertrophy from progressive resistance training (PRT) is compromised in approximately one- third of participants in exercise trials. The objective of this study was to establish novel relationships between baseline muscle features and/or their PRT-induced change in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies with hypertrophy outcomes. Multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for sex were performed on phenotypic data from older adults (n=48, 70.8±4.5 years) completing 14 weeks of PRT. Results show that baseline muscle size associates with growth regardless of hypertrophy outcome measure (fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA), β=-0.76, Adj. p<0.01; thigh muscle area by CT, β=-0.75, Adj. p<0.01; DXA thigh lean mass, β=-0.47, Adj. p<0.05). Furthermore, loosely packed collagen organization (β=-0.44, Adj. p<0.05) and abundance of CD11b+/CD206- immune cells (β=-0.36, Adj. p=0.10) were negatively associated with whole muscle hypertrophy, with a significant sex interaction on the latter. Additionally, a composite hypertrophy score generated using all three measures reinforces significant fiber level findings that changes in myonuclei (β=0.67, Adj. p<0.01), changes in immune cells (β=0.48, Adj. p<0.05; both CD11b+/CD206+ and CD11b+/CD206- cells), and capillary density (β=0.56, Adj. p<0.01) are significantly associated with growth. Exploratory single cell RNA-sequencing of CD11b+ cells in muscle in response to resistance exercise showed that macrophages have a mixed phenotype. Collagen associations with macrophages may be an important aspect in muscle response heterogeneity. Detailed histological phenotyping of muscle combined with multiple measures of growth response to resistance training in older persons identify potential new mechanisms underlying response heterogeneity and possible sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas E Long
- Department of Physical Therapy and Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Bailey D Peck
- Department of Physical Therapy and Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Kaleen M Lavin
- Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States
| | - Cory M Dungan
- Department of Physical Therapy and Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Kate Kosmac
- Department of Physical Therapy and Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Steven Craig Tuggle
- Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States.,Center for Exercise Medicine and Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Marcas M Bamman
- Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States.,Center for Exercise Medicine and Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Philip A Kern
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Charlotte A Peterson
- Department of Physical Therapy and Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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23
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Hettinger ZR, Wen Y, Peck BD, Hamagata K, Confides AL, Van Pelt DW, Harrison DA, Miller BF, Butterfield TA, Dupont-Versteegden EE. Mechanotherapy Reprograms Aged Muscle Stromal Cells to Remodel the Extracellular Matrix during Recovery from Disuse. FUNCTION 2022; 3:zqac015. [PMID: 35434632 PMCID: PMC9009398 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by reduced remodeling of skeletal muscle extracellular matrix (ECM), which is exacerbated during recovery following periods of disuse atrophy. Mechanotherapy has been shown to promote ECM remodeling through immunomodulation in adult muscle recovery, but not during the aged recovery from disuse. In order to determine if mechanotherapy promotes ECM remodeling in aged muscle, we performed single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of all mononucleated cells in adult and aged rat gastrocnemius muscle recovering from disuse, with (REM) and without mechanotherapy (RE). We show that fibroadipogenic progenitor cells (FAPs) in aged RE muscle are highly enriched in chemotaxis genes (Csf1), but absent in ECM remodeling genes compared to adult RE muscle (Col1a1). Receptor-ligand (RL) network analysis of all mononucleated cell populations in aged RE muscle identified chemotaxis-enriched gene expression in numerous stromal cell populations (FAPs, endothelial cells, pericytes), despite reduced enrichment of genes related to phagocytic activity in myeloid cell populations (macrophages, monocytes, antigen presenting cells). Following mechanotherapy, aged REM mononuclear cell gene expression resembled adult RE muscle as evidenced by RL network analyses and KEGG pathway activity scoring. To validate our transcriptional findings, ECM turnover was measured in an independent cohort of animals using in vivo isotope tracing of intramuscular collagen and histological scoring of the ECM, which confirmed mechanotherapy-mediated ECM remodeling in aged RE muscle. Our results highlight age-related cellular mechanisms underpinning the impairment to complete recovery from disuse, and also promote mechanotherapy as an intervention to enhance ECM turnover in aged muscle recovering from disuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Hettinger
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yuan Wen
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Bailey D Peck
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Kyoko Hamagata
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Amy L Confides
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Douglas W Van Pelt
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Douglas A Harrison
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Timothy A Butterfield
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky; Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Esther E Dupont-Versteegden
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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24
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Kobak KA, Batushansky A, Borowik AK, Lopes EPB, Peelor III FF, Donovan EL, Kinter MT, Miller BF, Griffin TM. An In Vivo Stable Isotope Labeling Method to Investigate Individual Matrix Protein Synthesis, Ribosomal Biogenesis, and Cellular Proliferation in Murine Articular Cartilage. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2022; 3:zqac008. [PMID: 35399495 PMCID: PMC8991031 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Targeting chondrocyte dynamics is a strategy for slowing osteoarthritis progression during aging. We describe a stable-isotope method using in vivo deuterium oxide labeling and mass spectrometry to measure protein concentration, protein half-life, cell proliferation, and ribosomal biogenesis in a single sample of murine articular cartilage. We hypothesized that a 60-d labeling period would capture age-related declines in cartilage matrix protein content, protein synthesis rates, and cellular proliferation. Knee cartilage was harvested to the subchondral bone from 25- to 90-wk-old female C57BL/6J mice treated with deuterium oxide for 15, 30, 45, and 60 d. We measured protein concentration and half-lives using targeted high resolution accurate mass spectrometry and d2ome data processing software. Deuterium enrichment was quantified in isolated DNA and RNA to measure cell proliferation and ribosomal biogenesis, respectively. Most collagen isoforms were less abundant in aged animals, with negligible collagen synthesis at either age. In contrast, age altered the concentration and half-lives of many proteoglycans and other matrix proteins, including several with greater concentration and half-lives in older mice such as proteoglycan 4, clusterin, and fibronectin-1. Cellular proteins were less abundant in older animals, consistent with reduced cellularity. Nevertheless, deuterium was maximally incorporated into 60% of DNA and RNA by 15 d of labeling in both age groups, suggesting the presence of two large pools of either rapidly (<15 d) or slowly (>60 d) proliferating cells. Our findings indicate that age-associated changes in cartilage matrix protein content and synthesis occur without detectable changes in the relative number of proliferating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil A Kobak
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA,Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-367, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka K Borowik
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Erika Prado Barboza Lopes
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Frederick F Peelor III
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | | | - Michael T Kinter
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
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25
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Peck BD, Murach KA, Walton RG, Simmons AJ, Long DE, Kosmac K, Dungan CM, Kern PA, Bamman MM, Peterson CA. A muscle cell-macrophage axis involving matrix metalloproteinase 14 facilitates extracellular matrix remodeling with mechanical loading. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22155. [PMID: 35044708 PMCID: PMC8875325 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100182rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) in skeletal muscle plays an integral role in tissue development, structural support, and force transmission. For successful adaptation to mechanical loading, remodeling processes must occur. In a large cohort of older adults, transcriptomics revealed that genes involved in ECM remodeling, including matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14), were the most upregulated following 14 weeks of progressive resistance exercise training (PRT). Using single-cell RNA-seq, we identified macrophages as a source of Mmp14 in muscle following a hypertrophic exercise stimulus in mice. In vitro contractile activity in myotubes revealed that the gene encoding cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is robustly upregulated and can stimulate Mmp14 expression in macrophages. Functional experiments confirmed that modulation of this muscle cell-macrophage axis facilitated Type I collagen turnover. Finally, changes in LIF expression were significantly correlated with MMP14 expression in humans following 14 weeks of PRT. Our experiments reveal a mechanism whereby muscle fibers influence macrophage behavior to promote ECM remodeling in response to mechanical loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey D Peck
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kevin A Murach
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - R Grace Walton
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Alexander J Simmons
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Douglas E Long
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kate Kosmac
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Cory M Dungan
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Philip A Kern
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Marcas M Bamman
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Charlotte A Peterson
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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26
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Salvador AF, McKenna CF, Paulussen KJM, Keeble AR, Askow AT, Fang HY, Li Z, Ulanov AV, Paluska SA, Moore DR, Burd NA. Early resistance training-mediated stimulation of daily muscle protein synthetic responses to higher habitual protein intake in middle-aged adults. J Physiol 2021; 599:4287-4307. [PMID: 34320223 DOI: 10.1113/jp281907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The ingestion of protein potentiates the stimulation of myofibrillar protein synthesis rates after an acute bout of resistance exercise. Protein supplementation (eating above the protein Recommended Dietary Allowance) during resistance training has been shown to maximize lean mass and strength gains in healthy young and older adults. Here, contractile, oxidative, and structural protein synthesis were assessed in skeletal muscle in response to a moderate or higher protein diet during the early adaptive phase of resistance training in middle-aged adults. The stimulation of myofibrillar, mitochondrial or collagen protein synthesis rates during 0-3 weeks of resistance training is not further enhanced by a higher protein diet. These results show that moderate protein diets are sufficient to support the skeletal muscle adaptive response during the early phase of a resistance training programme. ABSTRACT Protein ingestion augments muscle protein synthesis (MPS) rates acutely after resistance exercise and can offset age-related loss in muscle mass. Skeletal muscle contains a variety of protein pools, such as myofibrillar (contractile), mitochondrial (substrate oxidation), and collagen (structural support) proteins, and the sensitivity to nutrition and exercise seems to be dependent on the major protein fraction studied. However, it is unknown how free-living conditions with high dietary protein density and habitual resistance exercise mediates muscle protein subfraction synthesis. Therefore, we investigated the effect of moderate (MOD: 1.06 ± 0.22 g kg-1 day-1 ) or high (HIGH: 1.55 ± 0.25 g kg-1 day-1 ) protein intake on daily MPS rates within the myofibrillar (MyoPS), mitochondrial (MitoPS) and collagen (CPS) protein fractions in middle-aged men and women (n = 20, 47 ± 1 years, BMI 28 ± 1 kg m-2 ) during the early phase (0-3 weeks) of a dietary counselling-controlled resistance training programme. Participants were loaded with deuterated water, followed by daily maintenance doses throughout the intervention. Muscle biopsies were collected at baseline and after weeks 1, 2 and 3. MyoPS in the HIGH condition remained constant (P = 1.000), but MOD decreased over time (P = 0.023). MitoPS decreased after 0-3 weeks when compared to 0-1 week (P = 0.010) with no effects of protein intake (P = 0.827). A similar decline with no difference between groups (P = 0.323) was also observed for CPS (P = 0.007). Our results demonstrated that additional protein intake above moderate amounts does not potentiate the stimulation of longer-term MPS responses during the early stage of resistance training adaptations in middle-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadeo F Salvador
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Colleen F McKenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kevin J M Paulussen
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Alexander R Keeble
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Andrew T Askow
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hsin-Yu Fang
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Zhong Li
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Alexander V Ulanov
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Scott A Paluska
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Daniel R Moore
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas A Burd
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Agergaard J, Kjær M. How Do We Explore Heterogeneity in Turnover of Musculoskeletal Proteins? FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2021; 2:zqab034. [PMID: 35330620 PMCID: PMC8788750 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Agergaard
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 København N, Denmark
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