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Hou Z, Yang S, He W, Lu T, Feng X, Zang L, Bai W, Chen X, Nie B, Li C, Wei M, Ma L, Han Z, Zou Q, Li W, Wang L. The haplotype-resolved genome of diploid Chrysanthemum indicum unveils new acacetin synthases genes and their evolutionary history. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38864745 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Acacetin, a flavonoid compound, possesses a wide range of pharmacological effects, including antimicrobial, immune regulation, and anticancer effects. Some key steps in its biosynthetic pathway were largely unknown in flowering plants. Here, we present the first haplotype-resolved genome of Chrysanthemum indicum, whose dried flowers contain abundant flavonoids and have been utilized as traditional Chinese medicine. Various phylogenetic analyses revealed almost equal proportion of three tree topologies among three Chrysanthemum species (C. indicum, C. nankingense, and C. lavandulifolium), indicating that frequent gene flow among Chrysanthemum species or incomplete lineage sorting due to rapid speciation might contribute to conflict topologies. The expanded gene families in C. indicum were associated with oxidative functions. Through comprehensive candidate gene screening, we identified five flavonoid O-methyltransferase (FOMT) candidates, which were highly expressed in flowers and whose expressional levels were significantly correlated with the content of acacetin. Further experiments validated two FOMTs (CI02A009970 and CI03A006662) were capable of catalyzing the conversion of apigenin into acacetin, and these two genes are possibly responsible acacetin accumulation in disc florets and young leaves, respectively. Furthermore, combined analyses of ancestral chromosome reconstruction and phylogenetic trees revealed the distinct evolutionary fates of the two validated FOMT genes. Our study provides new insights into the biosynthetic pathway of flavonoid compounds in the Asteraceae family and offers a model for tracing the origin and evolutionary routes of single genes. These findings will facilitate in vitro biosynthetic production of flavonoid compounds through cellular and metabolic engineering and expedite molecular breeding of C. indicum cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangwei Hou
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Song Yang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weijun He
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xunmeng Feng
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lanlan Zang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhui Bai
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueqing Chen
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bao Nie
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Wei
- China Resources Sanjiu Medical and Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Liangju Ma
- China Resources Sanjiu Medical and Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Zhengzhou Han
- China Resources Sanjiu Medical and Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Qingjun Zou
- China Resources Sanjiu Medical and Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518110, China
- National Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, 100700, China
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Jiang L, Chen S, Wang X, Sen L, Dong G, Song C, Liu Y. An improved genome assembly of Chrysanthemum nankingense reveals expansion and functional diversification of terpene synthase gene family. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:593. [PMID: 38867153 PMCID: PMC11170872 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10498-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terpenes are important components of plant aromas, and terpene synthases (TPSs) are the key enzymes driving terpene diversification. In this study, we characterized the volatile terpenes in five different Chrysanthemum nankingense tissues. In addition, genome-wide identification and expression analysis of TPS genes was conducted utilizing an improved chromosome-scale genome assembly and tissue-specific transcriptomes. The biochemical functions of three representative TPSs were also investigated. RESULTS We identified tissue-specific volatile organic compound (VOC) and volatile terpene profiles. The improved Chrysanthemum nankingense genome assembly was high-quality, including a larger assembled size (3.26 Gb) and a better contig N50 length (3.18 Mb) compared to the old version. A total of 140 CnTPS genes were identified, with the majority representing the TPS-a and TPS-b subfamilies. The chromosomal distribution of these TPS genes was uneven, and 26 genes were included in biosynthetic gene clusters. Closely-related Chrysanthemum taxa were also found to contain diverse TPS genes, and the expression profiles of most CnTPSs were tissue-specific. The three investigated CnTPS enzymes exhibited versatile activities, suggesting multifunctionality. CONCLUSIONS We systematically characterized the structure and diversity of TPS genes across the Chrysanthemum nankingense genome, as well as the potential biochemical functions of representative genes. Our results provide a basis for future studies of terpene biosynthesis in chrysanthemums, as well as for the breeding of improved chrysanthemum varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No.1 Hospital (Wuhan Hospital of Traditional and Western Medicine), Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Sen
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Gangqiang Dong
- Amway (China) Botanical R&D Center, Wuxi, 214115, P.R. China
| | - Chi Song
- Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yifei Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Hubei, 430065, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Song A, Su J, Wang H, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Van de Peer Y, Chen F, Fang W, Guan Z, Zhang F, Wang Z, Wang L, Ding B, Zhao S, Ding L, Liu Y, Zhou L, He J, Jia D, Zhang J, Chen C, Yu Z, Sun D, Jiang J, Chen S, Chen F. Analyses of a chromosome-scale genome assembly reveal the origin and evolution of cultivated chrysanthemum. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2021. [PMID: 37037808 PMCID: PMC10085997 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37730-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) is a globally important ornamental plant with great economic, cultural, and symbolic value. However, research on chrysanthemum is challenging due to its complex genetic background. Here, we report a near-complete assembly and annotation for C. morifolium comprising 27 pseudochromosomes (8.15 Gb; scaffold N50 of 303.69 Mb). Comparative and evolutionary analyses reveal a whole-genome triplication (WGT) event shared by Chrysanthemum species approximately 6 million years ago (Mya) and the possible lineage-specific polyploidization of C. morifolium approximately 3 Mya. Multilevel evidence suggests that C. morifolium is likely a segmental allopolyploid. Furthermore, a combination of genomics and transcriptomics approaches demonstrate the C. morifolium genome can be used to identify genes underlying key ornamental traits. Phylogenetic analysis of CmCCD4a traces the flower colour breeding history of cultivated chrysanthemum. Genomic resources generated from this study could help to accelerate chrysanthemum genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jiangshuo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Zhongren Zhang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xingtan Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518120, China
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Fei Chen
- College of tropical crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University & Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, 572025, China
| | - Weimin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Zhiyong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Likai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Baoqing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Lian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Lijie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Diwen Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Chuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Zhongyu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Daojin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Sumei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Fadi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
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Li J, Zhang Q, Kong D, Pu Y, Wen X, Dai S. Genome-wide identification of the MIKCc-type MADS-box gene family in Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium reveals their roles in the capitulum development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1153490. [PMID: 37035079 PMCID: PMC10076714 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1153490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum ×morifolium is well known throughout the world for its diverse and exquisite flower types. However, due to the complicated genetic background of C. ×morifolium, it is difficult to understand the molecular mechanism of its flower development. And it limits the molecular breeding of improving chrysanthemum flower types. C. ×morifolium has the typical radial capitulum, and many researches showed that the members of the MIKCc-type MADS box gene family play a key role in the formation and development of the capitulum. However, it has been difficult to isolate the important MIKCc and investigate their roles in this process due to the lack of genomic information in chrysanthemum. Here, we identified MIKCc-type MADS box genes at whole genome-wide level in C. lavandulifolium, a diploid species closely related to C. ×morifolium, and investigated their roles in capitulum development by gene expression pattern analysis and protein interaction analysis. A total of 40 ClMIKCc were identified and were phylogenetically grouped into 12 clades. Members of all clades showed different enriched expression patterns during capitulum formation. We speculate that the E-class genes in C. lavandulifolium underwent subfunctionalization because they have a significantly expanded, more diverse expression patterns, and specifically tissue expression than AtSEPs. Meanwhile, we detected the C-class expressed in disc floret corolla, which could be the clue to explore the morphological differences between disc and ray floret corolla. In addition, the potential roles of some MIKCcs in complex inflorescence formation were explored by comparing the number and phylogenetic relationship of MIKCc subfamily members in Asteraceae with different capitulum types. Members of the FLC branch in Asteraceae were found to be possibly related to the differentiation and development of the ray floret.
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Hao DC, Song Y, Xiao P, Zhong Y, Wu P, Xu L. The genus Chrysanthemum: Phylogeny, biodiversity, phytometabolites, and chemodiversity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:973197. [PMID: 36035721 PMCID: PMC9403765 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.973197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The ecologically and economically important genus Chrysanthemum contains around 40 species and many hybrids and cultivars. The dried capitulum of Chrysanthemum morifolium (CM) Ramat. Tzvel, i.e., Flos Chrysanthemi, is frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and folk medicine for at least 2,200 years. It has also been a popular tea beverage for about 2,000 years since Han Dynasty in China. However, the origin of different cultivars of CM and the phylogenetic relationship between Chrysanthemum and related Asteraceae genera are still elusive, and there is a lack of comprehensive review about the association between biodiversity and chemodiversity of Chrysanthemum. This article aims to provide a synthetic summary of the phylogeny, biodiversity, phytometabolites and chemodiversity of Chrysanthemum and related taxonomic groups, focusing on CM and its wild relatives. Based on extensive literature review and in light of the medicinal value of chrysanthemum, we give some suggestions for its relationship with some genera/species and future applications. Mining chemodiversity from biodiversity of Chrysanthemum containing subtribe Artemisiinae, as well as mining therapeutic efficacy and other utilities from chemodiversity/biodiversity, is closely related with sustainable conservation and utilization of Artemisiinae resources. There were eight main cultivars of Flos Chrysanthemi, i.e., Hangju, Boju, Gongju, Chuju, Huaiju, Jiju, Chuanju and Qiju, which differ in geographical origins and processing methods. Different CM cultivars originated from various hybridizations between multiple wild species. They mainly contained volatile oils, triterpenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids, polysaccharides, amino acids and other phytometabolites, which have the activities of antimicrobial, anti-viral, antioxidant, anti-aging, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and closely related taxonomic groups could also be useful as food, medicine and tea. Despite some progresses, the genetic/chemical relationships among varieties, species and relevant genera have yet to be clarified; therefore, the roles of pharmacophylogeny and omics technology are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Cheng Hao
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology Institute, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, China
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yanjun Song
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peiling Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lijia Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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6
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Sumitomo K, Shirasawa K, Isobe S, Hirakawa H, Harata A, Nakano M, Nakano Y, Yagi M, Hisamatsu T, Yamaguchi H, Taniguchi F. A genome-wide association and fine-mapping study of white rust resistance in hexaploid chrysanthemum cultivars with a wild diploid reference genome. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac170. [PMID: 36324641 PMCID: PMC9613985 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
White rust caused by Puccinia horiana is one of the most serious diseases of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium). In this study, we report the DNA markers associated with resistance against P. horiana via a simple approach using the genome of a wild diploid relative, Chrysanthemum seticuspe. First, we identified the important region of the genome in the resistant cultivar "Ariesu" via a genome-wide association study. Simplex single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers mined from ddRAD-Seq were used in a biparental population originating from crosses between resistant "Ariesu" and susceptible "Yellow Queen". The C. seticuspe genome was used as a reference. For the fine mapping of P. horiana resistance locus 2 (Phr2), a comparative whole genome sequencing study was conducted. Although the genome sequences of chrysanthemum cultivars assembled via the short-read approach were fragmented, reliable genome alignments were reconstructed by mapping onto the chromosome level of the C. seticuspe pseudomolecule. Base variants were then identified by comparing the assembled genome sequences of resistant "Ariesu" and susceptible "Yellow Queen". Consequently, SNP markers that were closer to Phr2 compared with ddRAD-Seq markers were obtained. These SNP markers co-segregated with resistance in F1 progenies originating from resistant "Ariesu" and showed robust transferability for detecting Phr2-conferring resistance among chrysanthemum genetic resources. The wild C. seticuspe pseudomolecule, a de facto monoploid genome used for ddRAD-Seq analysis and assembled genome sequence comparison, demonstrated this method's utility as a model for developing DNA markers in hexaploid chrysanthemum cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenta Shirasawa
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818 Japan
| | - Sachiko Isobe
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818 Japan
| | - Hideki Hirakawa
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818 Japan
| | - Akiho Harata
- Kagoshima Prefectural Institute for Agricultural Development, Minamisatsuma, Kagoshima 899-3401, Japan
- CCS Inc., Kyoto, Kyoto 602-8019, Japan
| | - Michiharu Nakano
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakano
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0852, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yagi
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0852, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Hisamatsu
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0852, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Yamaguchi
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0852, Japan
| | - Fumiya Taniguchi
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8605, Japan
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Masuda Y, Nakano M, Kusaba M. The complete sequence of the chloroplast genome of Chrysanthemum rupestre, a diploid disciform capitula species of Chrysanthemum. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2022; 7:603-605. [PMID: 35386632 PMCID: PMC8979539 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2022.2057252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the complete sequence of the chloroplast genome of Chrysanthemum rupestre Matsum. et Koidz., 1910, a diploid disciform capitula species of Chrysanthemum endemic to Japan, formerly classified as Ajania rupestris (Matsum. & Koidz.) Muldashev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad), 1983. The chloroplast genome of C. rupestre has a typical conserved quadripartite structure of 151,061 bp in length, comprising a large single-copy region (82,846 bp), a small single-copy region (18,301 bp), and a pair of inverted repeat regions (each 24,957 bp). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that C. rupestre clustered with other Chrysanthemum species, including another former Ajania species, Chrysanthemum pacificum Nakai, 1928. However, Ajania variifolia (C.C.Chang) Tzvelev, 1961, which is a synonym of Phaeostigma variifolium (C.C.Chang) Muldashev, 1981, was placed outside the Chrysanthemum clade, thereby implying that the former genus Ajania includes heterogeneous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Masuda
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Michiharu Nakano
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Makoto Kusaba
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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