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Wertheim-Tysarowska K, Osipowicz K, Gielniewski B, Wojtaś B, Szabelska-Beręsewicz A, Zyprych-Walczak J, Mika A, Tysarowski A, Duk K, Rygiel AM, Niepokój K, Woźniak K, Kowalewski C, Wierzba J, Jezela-Stanek A. The Epidermal Transcriptome Analysis of a Novel c.639_642dup LORICRIN Variant-Delineation of the Loricrin Keratoderma Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119459. [PMID: 37298411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Loricrin keratoderma (LK) is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis caused by LORICRIN gene mutations. The pathogenesis of the disease is not yet fully understood. So far, only 10 pathogenic variants in LORICRIN have been described, with all of them but one being deletions or insertions. The significance of rare nonsense variants remains unclear. Furthermore, no data regarding the RNA expression in affected patients are available. The aim of this study is to describe the two variants in the LORICRIN gene found in two distinct families: the novel pathogenic variant c.639_642dup and a rare c.10C > T (p.Gln4Ter) of unknown significance. We also present the results of the transcriptome analysis of the lesional loricrin keratoderma epidermis of a patient with c.639_642dup. We show that in the LK lesion, the genes associated with epidermis development and keratocyte differentiation are upregulated, while genes engaged in cell adhesion, differentiation developmental processes, ion homeostasis and transport, signaling and cell communication are downregulated. In the context of the p.Gln4Ter clinical significance evaluation, we provide data indicating that LORICRIN haploinsufficiency has no skin consequences. Our results give further insight into the pathogenesis of LK, which may have therapeutic implications in the future and important significance in the context of genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Osipowicz
- Department of Dermatology, Immunodermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Gielniewski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wojtaś
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Szabelska-Beręsewicz
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Zyprych-Walczak
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tysarowski
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Department and Cancer Molecular and Genetic Diagnostics Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Duk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Niepokój
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Woźniak
- Department of Dermatology, Immunodermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cezary Kowalewski
- Department of Dermatology, Immunodermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Wierzba
- Department of Paediatrics, Haematology and Oncology, Department of General Nursery, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Jezela-Stanek
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
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Glunčić M, Vlahović I, Rosandić M, Paar V. Tandemly repeated NBPF HOR copies (Olduvai triplets): Possible impact on human brain evolution. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 6:6/1/e202101306. [PMID: 36261226 PMCID: PMC9584774 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously it was found that the neuroblastoma breakpoint family (NBPF) gene repeat units of ∼1.6 kb have an important role in human brain evolution and function. The higher order organization of these repeat units has been discovered by both methods, the higher order repeat (HOR)-searching method and the HLS searching method. Using the HOR searching method with global repeat map algorithm, here we identified the tandemly organized NBPF HORs in the human and nonhuman primate NCBI reference genomes. We identified 50 tandemly organized canonical 3mer NBPF HOR copies (Olduvai triplets), but none in nonhuman primates chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, and Rhesus macaque. This discontinuous jump in tandemly organized HOR copy number is in sharp contrast to the known gradual increase in the number of Olduvai domains (NBPF monomers) from nonhuman primates to human, especially from ∼138 in chimpanzee to ∼300 in human genome. Using the same global repeat map algorithm method we have also determined the 3mer tandems of canonical 3mer HOR copies in 20 randomly chosen human genomes (10 male and 10 female). In all cases, we found the same 3mer HOR copy numbers as in the case of the reference human genome, with no mutation. On the other hand, some point mutations with respect to reference genome are found for some NBPF monomers which are not tandemly organized in canonical HORs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matko Glunčić
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Marija Rosandić
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb (ret), Zagreb, Croatia,Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Paar
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia,Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
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Christophers E, Schröder JM. Evolution of innate defense in human skin. Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:304-311. [PMID: 34694661 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
More often as compared to other barrier systems (gastrointestinal, urogenital, and respiratory linings) human skin over millions of years has been subject to fundamental changes in structure and function. When life on land started, the first changes consisted in the formation of a coherent impermeable stratum corneum. Two-legged locomotion was followed by loss of body hair and formation of sweat glands. Major changes took place after the agricultural revolution, investigating settlements with domestication of animals and plants. Living together after giving up nomadic life, hairless skin became a battlefield for pathogens, members of the skin microbiome, and arthropod visits. Human skin became exceptional in showing a boosted, highly developed immune system which is much more complex as compared to the "skins" of other species. A recently found skin disinfection system ("Cationic Intrinsically Disordered Antimicrobial Peptides, CIDAMPs") dates back to the origins of life and still is active in present-day integuments. As a skin-restricted and effective principle, keratinocyte- myeloid synergy (KMS) is recognized. As a consequence of such highly developed immune defense, the basic contributions of KMS - cells (keratinocytes, neutrophils, macrophages) in regulating innate immunity is emphasized. Antimicrobial peptides and chemokines became major keratinocyte products. The formation of impermeable str. corneum membrane has enabled KMS - cells to accumulate within upper skin levels and cause a special group of human skin diseases, pustular dermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enno Christophers
- Department of Dermatology, University-Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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Mathyer ME, Brettmann EA, Schmidt AD, Goodwin ZA, Oh IY, Quiggle AM, Tycksen E, Ramakrishnan N, Matkovich SJ, Guttman-Yassky E, Edwards JR, de Guzman Strong C. Selective sweep for an enhancer involucrin allele identifies skin barrier adaptation out of Africa. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2557. [PMID: 33963188 PMCID: PMC8105351 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22821-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic modules that contribute to human evolution are poorly understood. Here we investigate positive selection in the Epidermal Differentiation Complex locus for skin barrier adaptation in diverse HapMap human populations (CEU, JPT/CHB, and YRI). Using Composite of Multiple Signals and iSAFE, we identify selective sweeps for LCE1A-SMCP and involucrin (IVL) haplotypes associated with human migration out-of-Africa, reaching near fixation in European populations. CEU-IVL is associated with increased IVL expression and a known epidermis-specific enhancer. CRISPR/Cas9 deletion of the orthologous mouse enhancer in vivo reveals a functional requirement for the enhancer to regulate Ivl expression in cis. Reporter assays confirm increased regulatory and additive enhancer effects of CEU-specific polymorphisms identified at predicted IRF1 and NFIC binding sites in the IVL enhancer (rs4845327) and its promoter (rs1854779). Together, our results identify a selective sweep for a cis regulatory module for CEU-IVL, highlighting human skin barrier evolution for increased IVL expression out-of-Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Elizabeth Mathyer
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Center for the Study of Itch & Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Erin A. Brettmann
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Center for the Study of Itch & Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Alina D. Schmidt
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Center for the Study of Itch & Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Zane A. Goodwin
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Center for the Study of Itch & Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Inez Y. Oh
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Center for the Study of Itch & Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Ashley M. Quiggle
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Center for the Study of Itch & Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Eric Tycksen
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Natasha Ramakrishnan
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Center for the Study of Itch & Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Scot J. Matkovich
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - John R. Edwards
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Cristina de Guzman Strong
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Center for the Study of Itch & Sensory Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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