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Mirchandani CD, Shultz AJ, Thomas GWC, Smith SJ, Baylis M, Arnold B, Corbett-Detig R, Enbody E, Sackton TB. A Fast, Reproducible, High-throughput Variant Calling Workflow for Population Genomics. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msad270. [PMID: 38069903 PMCID: PMC10764099 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing availability of genomic resequencing data sets and high-quality reference genomes across the tree of life present exciting opportunities for comparative population genomic studies. However, substantial challenges prevent the simple reuse of data across different studies and species, arising from variability in variant calling pipelines, data quality, and the need for computationally intensive reanalysis. Here, we present snpArcher, a flexible and highly efficient workflow designed for the analysis of genomic resequencing data in nonmodel organisms. snpArcher provides a standardized variant calling pipeline and includes modules for variant quality control, data visualization, variant filtering, and other downstream analyses. Implemented in Snakemake, snpArcher is user-friendly, reproducible, and designed to be compatible with high-performance computing clusters and cloud environments. To demonstrate the flexibility of this pipeline, we applied snpArcher to 26 public resequencing data sets from nonmammalian vertebrates. These variant data sets are hosted publicly to enable future comparative population genomic analyses. With its extensibility and the availability of public data sets, snpArcher will contribute to a broader understanding of genetic variation across species by facilitating the rapid use and reuse of large genomic data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cade D Mirchandani
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Allison J Shultz
- Ornithology Department, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | | | - Sara J Smith
- Informatics Group, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Biology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada
| | - Mara Baylis
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Brian Arnold
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Center for Statistics and Machine Learning, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Russ Corbett-Detig
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Erik Enbody
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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Tajchman K, Drabik K, Ukalska-Jaruga A, Janiszewski P, Spustek D, Wengerska K. The screening method for use of wild pheasant feathers in the monitoring of environmental pollution with heavy metals. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6540. [PMID: 37085690 PMCID: PMC10121565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that some species of birds, especially herbivorous and territorial ones, are more sensitive to the effects of toxic substances compared to mammals. This allows for taking integrated actions in the area of environmental protection and monitoring in a holistic sense (at various trophic levels). Therefore, this study aimed to assess the possibility of using pheasant feathers (Phasianus colchicus) as a potential bioindicator ofenvironmental contamination, and thus to determine the concentration of heavy metals (lead-Pb, arsenic-As, cadmium-Cd, chromium-Cr, nickel-Ni, and zinc-Zn) in the analyzed tissue of animals inhabiting the forest districts of the Lubartów, Tomaszów, Skierniewice, and Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski areas. The chemical analysis used to determine the concentration of toxic elements in pheasant feathers was carried out by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The highest concentrations of Cr and Zn were found in birds from the Lubartów Forest District (1.93 mg/kg and 120.63 mg/kg, respectively), As and Ni in the Tomaszów Forest District (0.55 mg/kg and 1.60 mg/kg, respectively), Cd in the Lubartów Forest District and Skierniewice (0.04 mg/kg), and Pb in the Skierniewice Forest Distict (6.79 mg/kg). The observed results were strongly related to soil contamination and urbanization index, as key environmental factors which significantly determine the metal content in pheasant feathers. Therefore, proposed non-invasive measurements of the elemental composition of feathers of birds living in specific areas may be an important indicator of environmental pollution in relation to the high impact of anthropopressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Tajchman
- Department of Animal Ethology and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamil Drabik
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100, Puławy, Poland.
| | - Paweł Janiszewski
- Department of Fur-Bearing Animal Breeding and Game Management, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 2, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Damian Spustek
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Wengerska
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
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Assessing the origin, genetic structure and demographic history of the common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) in the introduced European range. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21721. [PMID: 34741053 PMCID: PMC8571287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00567-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The common pheasant, a game species widely introduced throughout the world, can be considered as an ideal model to study the effects of introduction events on local adaptations, biogeographic patterns, and genetic divergence processes. We aimed to assess the origin, spatial patterns of genetic variation, and demographic history of the introduced populations in the contact zone of Central and Southeast Europe, using mitochondrial DNA control region sequences and microsatellite loci. Both types of molecular markers indicated relatively low to moderate levels of genetic variation. The mtDNA analyses revealed that common pheasants across the study area are divided into two distinct clades: B (mongolicus group) and F (colchicus group). Analyses of the microsatellite data consistently suggested a differentiation between Hungary and Serbia, with the pheasant population in Hungary being much more genetically homogeneous, while that of Serbia has much more genetic mixture and admixture. This cryptic differentiation was not detected using a non-spatial Bayesian clustering model. The analyses also provided strong evidence for a recent population expansion. This fundamental information is essential for adequate and effective conservation management of populations of a game species of great economic and ecological importance in the studied geographical region.
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