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Giang LT, Nguyen NT, Nguyen TT, Le HQ, Tran NTT. Social Support Effect on Health of Older People in Vietnam: Evidence from a National Aging Survey. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-020-09370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Development in adulthood occurs through the process of setting and working toward goals. Emotions link experiences to goals and action, and as such are integral to goal setting, evaluation of goal progress, and goal pursuit. When viewed in the context of goals, the simultaneous experience of positive and negative or "mixed" emotions coheres with the complexity of goal pursuit within the context of competing demands in daily life. Mixed emotions may be experienced as uncertainty in which goal to prioritize, ambiguity in whether an event served or impeded goal progress, or poignancy in a bittersweet moment of recognizing the losses that accompany gains. Mixed emotions therefore represent a problem that must be resolved-through either prioritization of conflicting goals, down-playing negative affective response, or goal disengagement-before goal pursuit can continue. Because mixed emotions must be resolved before they can be translated to action, the experience of mixed emotions may evoke a new awareness of priorities and available options that leads to better goal outcomes. Over time, openness to mixed emotions could result in outcomes such as better health and self-actualization.
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Sohn SY, Joo WT, Kim WJ, Kim SJ, Youm Y, Kim HC, Park YR, Lee E. Social network types among older Korean adults: Associations with subjective health. Soc Sci Med 2016; 173:88-95. [PMID: 27936422 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With population aging now a global phenomenon, the health of older adults is becoming an increasingly important issue. Because the Korean population is aging at an unprecedented rate, preparing for public health problems associated with old age is particularly salient in this country. As the physical and mental health of older adults is related to their social relationships, investigating the social networks of older adults and their relationship to health status is important for establishing public health policies. The aims of this study were to identify social network types among older adults in South Korea and to examine the relationship of these social network types with self-rated health and depression. Data from the Korean Social Life, Health, and Aging Project were analyzed. Model-based clustering using finite normal mixture modeling was conducted to identify the social network types based on ten criterion variables of social relationships and activities: marital status, number of children, number of close relatives, number of friends, frequency of attendance at religious services, attendance at organized group meetings, in-degree centrality, out-degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted to examine associations between the identified social network types and self-rated health and depression. The model-based clustering analysis revealed that social networks clustered into five types: diverse, family, congregant, congregant-restricted, and restricted. Diverse or family social network types were significantly associated with more favorable subjective mental health, whereas the restricted network type was significantly associated with poorer ratings of mental and physical health. In addition, our analysis identified unique social network types related to religious activities. In summary, we developed a comprehensive social network typology for older Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Yun Sohn
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Won-Tak Joo
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison College, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Woo Jung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seonam University College of Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Hwasu-ro 55, 14beon-gil, Deogyang-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10475, South Korea
| | - Se Joo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Yoosik Youm
- Department of Sociology, Yonsei University College of Social Sciences, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Yeong-Ran Park
- Division of Silver Industry, Kangnam University, Gangnam-ro 40, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16979, South Korea
| | - Eun Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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Telonidis JS, Lund DA, Caserta MS, Guralnik JM, Pennington JL. The Effects of Widowhood on Disabled Older Women (The Women's Health and Aging Study). OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2016. [DOI: 10.2190/hbmw-64c0-1vlw-qp40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of becoming widowed for older women with pre-existing physical disability. Data from three consecutive interviews from the Women's Health and Aging Study (WHAS) were used to compare depression, quality of life, and functional difficulty for widowed and non-widowed women. The two groups of 24 women were matched by age, disability level, domains of disability, and race. Repeated measures of analyses of variance (ANOVAs) revealed that, for both groups, depression scores were low and remained relatively stable and they were satisfied with their quality of life at all three time points (T1 = 0–6 months pre-bereavement, T2 = 0–6 months bereaved, T3 = 6–12 months bereaved), with no significant group by time interaction effects. The two groups were no different on their levels of functional difficulty at T1 and T2 but by T3, surprisingly, the widows reported slightly less difficulty. Overall, the findings show that disabled women who became widows demonstrate a noticeable degree of resiliency and hardiness.
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Consedine NS, Fiori KL, Tuck NL, Merz EM. Attachment, activity limitation, and health symptoms in later life: the mediating roles of negative (and positive) affect. J Aging Health 2012; 25:56-79. [PMID: 23212847 DOI: 10.1177/0898264312466260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patterns of attachment-normative styles of relating to significant others-impact relationships across adulthood. Preliminary studies link attachment with health outcomes but have yet to examine older adults or functional impairment, and the mechanisms behind this relationship remain unclear. This report investigated how attachment predicted symptoms and functional impairment and tested the mediating roles of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). METHODS 1,118 older adults completed measures of attachment, health symptoms, and functional impairment, together with confounds including age, sex, and income. RESULTS As expected, security and fearful avoidance predicted greater symptomology, but only fearful avoidance predicted greater functional impairment. Negative affect partially mediated links between attachment and outcomes, but only for fearful avoidance. DISCUSSION Understanding links between attachment, symptom reports, and functional impairment will facilitate better understanding of positive aging versus premature decline, help identify at risk individuals, and guide interventions to assist optimal functioning in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan S Consedine
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Fiori KL, Jager J. The impact of social support networks on mental and physical health in the transition to older adulthood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0165025411424089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Social support is a multidimensional construct that consists of the type of support, the direction of support, the sources or targets of support, and whether support is actual or potential. We used latent class analysis to uncover network types based on these dimensions and to examine the association between network types and well-being among 6,824 adults ( M age = 54 at T1) in the two most recent waves (1992–1993 and 2003–2005) of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. We found six classes of social support networks. Class membership at T1 significantly predicted changes in depressive symptomatology and self-rated health over time. Our findings are discussed in light of the utility of a pattern-centered approach for uncovering heterogeneity in the social networks of adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin Jager
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, USA
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Conway F, Magai C, Mcpherson-Salandy R, Milano K. Synergy between molecular and contextual views of coping among four ethnic groups of older adults. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2010; 70:319-43. [PMID: 20649162 DOI: 10.2190/ag.70.4.c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The coping styles of four ethnic groups of older adults in response to negative life events were analyzed in a population-based study of 1118 residents of Brooklyn, New York. Using a molecular approach, data regarding the context of events and the corresponding coping responses was obtained. Open-ended semi-structured interviews allowed participants to describe recent negative life events and explain how they coped. An empirically derived coding system distinguished four major negative life events: Death, Illness/Injury, Empathic Response to Distress of Others, and Interpersonal Conflict. Nine major styles of coping emerged: Medicate, Active Coping, Passive Response, Prayer, Stoicism, Social Support, Positive Self-Talk, Acknowledgment of Emotions, and Distraction. Gender and ethnic differences in coping styles were found. Although ethnic specificity in coping emerged when context was considered, the few effects of ethnicity suggests that the major normative events of later life may pull for generic coping responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Conway
- Derner Institute, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York 11530, USA.
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Golden J, Conroy RM, Lawlor BA. Social support network structure in older people: Underlying dimensions and association with psychological and physical health. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2009; 14:280-90. [DOI: 10.1080/13548500902730135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
ABSTRACTThis study extends previous research on the profiles of social relations in three ways: (1) by including both functional and qualitative characteristics of social relations; (2) by examining the association of these profiles with mental and physical health and mortality; and (3) by exploring these profiles and associations in two cultures. Using samples of approximately 500 adults aged 60 or more years from the Social Relations and Mental Health over the Life Course studies in both the United States and Japan, separate cluster analyses were conducted for each country. The common or shared network types were labelled ‘diverse’, ‘restricted’, ‘friend-focused’ and ‘family-focused’, but in the US we found two types of ‘friend-focused’ networks (supported and unsupported) and two types of ‘restricted’ networks (structurally- and functionally-restricted). In addition, we found a unique network type in Japan: ‘married and distal’. Multivariate analyses of variance and Cox regressions revealed that whereas individuals in the functionally restricted network type had the worse physical and mental health in the US, Americans in the structurally-restricted network type had the lowest survival rates at a 12-year follow-up. Interestingly, there were no wellbeing differences by network type in Japan. The findings have been interpreted in the light of social relations theories, with special emphasis on the importance of taking a multidimensional perspective and exploring cultural variation.
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Vance DE, Struzick TC, Raper JL. Biopsychosocial benefits of spirituality in adults aging with HIV: implications for nursing practice and research. J Holist Nurs 2008; 26:119-25. [PMID: 18308924 DOI: 10.1177/0898010107310615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
More than 100,000 adults above the age of 50 have been diagnosed with HIV in the United States. It is important to understand how to promote successful aging in this growing population. With the positive effects of spirituality on biopsychosocial functioning in aging, HIV, and chronic diseases, accessing the strengths associated with spirituality may facilitate successful aging in adults surviving to older ages. The inherent nature of the nurse-patient relationship means nurses are in a key position to actively listen, assess spiritual needs, and make clinical referrals. In providing holistic care to patients, nurse scientists are encouraged to study and address the spiritual needs in this growing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Vance
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-1210, USA.
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Consedine NS, Magai C, Krivoshekova YS. Sex and age cohort differences in patterns of socioemotional functioning in older adults and their links to physical resilience. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-005-1013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Brown WM, Consedine NS, Magai C. Altruism relates to health in an ethnically diverse sample of older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2005; 60:P143-52. [PMID: 15860784 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/60.3.p143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The existing literature indicates links between aspects of social network functioning and health outcomes. It is generally believed that networks that are larger or provide greater instrumental and emotional support contribute to improved health and, perhaps, greater longevity. Recently, it has been suggested that giving as well as receiving social support may be of benefit. On the basis of evolutionary theories of emotion and altruism, the current study sought to test this thesis in a large, ethnically diverse sample of community-dwelling older adults. As expected, levels of social support given were associated with lower morbidity, whereas levels of receiving were not. It is important that these relations held even when (a) socioeconomic status, education, marital status, age, gender, ethnicity, and (b) absolute network size and activity limitation were controlled for. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for theory regarding the relations among social exchanges, giving, and later life adaptation among older adults.
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