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Duan H, Zhou D, Xu N, Yang T, Wu Q, Wang Z, Sun Y, Li Z, Li W, Ma F, Chen Y, Du Y, Zhang M, Yan J, Sun C, Wang G, Huang G. Association of Unhealthy Lifestyle and Genetic Risk Factors With Mild Cognitive Impairment in Chinese Older Adults. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2324031. [PMID: 37462970 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.24031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Apolipoprotein E polymorphism ε4 (APOE ε4) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) TT genotype are genetic risk factors of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but whether this risk can be changed by modifiable lifestyle factors is unknown. Objective To explore whether unhealthy lifestyle (unhealthy dietary intake, current smoking, nonlimited alcohol consumption, and irregular physical activities) is associated with a higher risk of age-related MCI considering genetic risk. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based cohort study used data from Tianjin Elderly Nutrition and Cognition (TENC) study participants, recruited from March 1, 2018, through June 30, 2021, and followed up until November 30, 2022. Participants were Chinese adults aged 60 years or older who completed the neuropsychological assessments, general physical examinations, and a personal interview. Exposures Healthy lifestyle was defined according to the Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022, including healthy diet, regular physical activity, limited alcohol consumption, and no current smoking, categorized into healthy and unhealthy lifestyles according to weighted standardized lifestyle score. Genetic risk was defined by MTHFR TT genotype and APOE ε4, categorized into low and high genetic risk according to weighted standardized genetic risk score. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was newly diagnosed MCI as identified using a modified version of Petersen criteria. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression models. Results A total of 4665 participants were included (mean [SD] age, 67.9 [4.9] years; 2546 female [54.6%] and 2119 male [45.4%]); 653 participants with new-onset MCI (mean [SD] age, 68.4 [5.4] years; 267 female [40.9%] and 386 male [59.1%]) were identified after a median follow-up of 3.11 years (range, 0.82-4.61 years). Individuals with a low genetic risk and an unhealthy lifestyle (HR, 3.01; 95% CI, 2.38-3.79), a high genetic risk and a healthy lifestyle (HR, 2.65; 95% CI, 2.03-3.44), and a high genetic risk and an unhealthy lifestyle (HR, 3.58; 95% CI, 2.73-4.69) had a higher risk of MCI compared with participants with a low genetic risk and a healthy lifestyle. There was a synergistic interaction between lifestyle categories and genetic risk (β = 3.58; 95% CI, 2.73-4.69). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of TENC participants, the findings show that unhealthy lifestyle and high genetic risk were significantly associated with a higher risk of MCI among Chinese older adults. Unhealthy lifestyle factors were associated with a higher risk of MCI regardless of genetic risk, and lifestyle and genetic risk had synergistic interactions. These findings could contribute to the development of dietary guidelines and the prevention of early-stage dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilian Duan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Dezheng Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Zehao Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenshu Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Meilin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Changqing Sun
- Neurosurgical Department of Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangshun Wang
- Department of Tumor, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Luchetti M, Aschwanden D, Caille P, Terracciano A. Personality associations with lung function and dyspnea: Evidence from six studies. Respir Med 2023; 208:107127. [PMID: 36693440 PMCID: PMC9975026 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examined the association between Five Factor Model personality traits and lung function and dyspnea. METHODS Participants were middle aged and older adults aged 34-103 years old (N > 25,000) from the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS), the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), the National Health and Aging Trends Survey (NHATS), and the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study graduate (WLSG) and sibling (WLSS) samples. Data on peak expiratory flow (PEF), dyspnea, personality traits, smoking, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), emotional/psychiatric problems, and demographic factors were obtained in each sample. RESULTS A meta-analysis indicated that higher neuroticism was related to lower PEF, higher risk of PEF less than 80% of predicted value, and higher risk of dyspnea. In contrast, higher extraversion and conscientiousness were associated with higher PEF, lower likelihood of PEF lower than 80% of the predicted value, and lower risk of dyspnea. Higher openness was related to higher PEF and lower risk of PEF less than 80%, whereas agreeableness was related to higher PEF and lower risk of dyspnea. Smoking, physical activity, BMI and emotional/psychiatric problems partially accounted for these associations. There was little evidence that lung disease moderated the association between personality and PEF and dyspnea. CONCLUSIONS Across cohorts, this study found replicable evidence that personality is associated with lung function and associated symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
| | - Martina Luchetti
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
| | - Damaris Aschwanden
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
| | | | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
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Kiselica AM, Webber TA, Benge JF. Using multivariate base rates of low scores to understand early cognitive declines on the uniform data set 3.0 Neuropsychological Battery. Neuropsychology 2020; 34:629-640. [PMID: 32338945 PMCID: PMC7484046 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low neuropsychological test scores are commonly observed even in cognitively healthy older adults. For batteries designed to assess for and track cognitive decline in older adults, documenting the multivariate base rates (MBRs) of low scores is important to differentiate expected from abnormal low score patterns. Additionally, it is important for our understanding of mild cognitive impairment and preclinical declines to and determine how such score patterns predict future clinical states. METHOD The current study utilized Uniform Data Set Neuropsychological Battery 3.0 (UDS3NB) data for 5,870 English-speaking, older adult participants from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center from 39 Alzheimer's disease Research Centers from March 2015 to December 2018. MBRs of low scores were identified for 2,608 cognitively healthy participants that had completed all cognitive measures. The association of abnormal MBR patterns with subsequent conversion to mild cognitive impairment and dementia were explored. RESULTS Depending on the operationalization of "low" score, the MBR of demographically adjusted scores ranged from 1.40 to 79.2%. Posttest probabilities using MBR methods to predict dementia status at 2-year follow up ranged from .06 to .33, while posttest probabilities for conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) ranged from .12-.32. CONCLUSIONS The data confirm that abnormal cognitive test scores are common among cognitively normal older adults. Using MBR criteria may improve our understanding of MCI. They may also be used to enrich clinical trial selection processes through recruitment of at-risk individuals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Troy A Webber
- Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center
| | - Jared F Benge
- Department of Neurology, Baylor Scott and White Health
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Power R, Nolan JM, Prado-Cabrero A, Coen R, Roche W, Power T, Howard AN, Mulcahy R. Targeted Nutritional Intervention for Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: The Cognitive impAiRmEnt Study (CARES) Trial 1. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10020043. [PMID: 32466168 PMCID: PMC7354621 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3FAs), carotenoids, and vitamin E are important constituents of a healthy diet. While they are present in brain tissue, studies have shown that these key nutrients are depleted in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in comparison to cognitively healthy individuals. Therefore, it is likely that these individuals will benefit from targeted nutritional intervention, given that poor nutrition is one of the many modifiable risk factors for MCI. Evidence to date suggests that these nutritional compounds can work independently to optimize the neurocognitive environment, primarily due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. To date, however, no interventional studies have examined the potential synergistic effects of a combination of ω-3FAs, carotenoids and vitamin E on the cognitive function of patients with MCI. Individuals with clinically confirmed MCI consumed an ω-3FA plus carotenoid plus vitamin E formulation or placebo for 12 months. Cognitive performance was determined from tasks that assessed global cognition and episodic memory. Ω-3FAs, carotenoids, and vitamin E were measured in blood. Carotenoid concentrations were also measured in tissue (skin and retina). Individuals consuming the active intervention (n = 6; median [IQR] age 73.5 [69.5–80.5] years; 50% female) exhibited statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05, for all) in tissue carotenoid concentrations, and carotenoid and ω-3FA concentrations in blood. Trends in improvements in episodic memory and global cognition were also observed in this group. In contrast, the placebo group (n = 7; median [IQR] 72 (69.5–75.5) years; 89% female) remained unchanged or worsened for all measurements (p > 0.05). Despite a small sample size, this exploratory study is the first of its kind to identify trends in improved cognitive performance in individuals with MCI following supplementation with ω-3FAs, carotenoids, and vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Power
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology West Campus, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland; (J.M.N.); (A.P.-C.); (W.R.); (T.P.)
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (R.M.); Tel.: +353-01-845-505 (R.P.); +353-51-842-509 (R.M.)
| | - John M. Nolan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology West Campus, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland; (J.M.N.); (A.P.-C.); (W.R.); (T.P.)
| | - Alfonso Prado-Cabrero
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology West Campus, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland; (J.M.N.); (A.P.-C.); (W.R.); (T.P.)
| | - Robert Coen
- Mercer’s Institute for Research on Ageing, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Warren Roche
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology West Campus, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland; (J.M.N.); (A.P.-C.); (W.R.); (T.P.)
| | - Tommy Power
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology West Campus, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland; (J.M.N.); (A.P.-C.); (W.R.); (T.P.)
| | - Alan N. Howard
- Howard Foundation, 7 Marfleet Close, Great Shelford, Cambridge CB22 5LA, UK;
| | - Ríona Mulcahy
- Age-Related Care Unit, Health Service Executive, University Hospital Waterford, Dunmore Road, X91 ER8E Waterford, Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, 123 Stephen’s Green, Saint Peter’s, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (R.M.); Tel.: +353-01-845-505 (R.P.); +353-51-842-509 (R.M.)
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MacDonald SWS, Keller CJC, Brewster PWH, Dixon RA. Contrasting olfaction, vision, and audition as predictors of cognitive change and impairment in non-demented older adults. Neuropsychology 2019; 32:450-460. [PMID: 29809033 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the relative utility of a particular class of noninvasive functional biomarkers-sensory functions-for detecting those at risk of cognitive decline and impairment. Three central research objectives were examined including whether (a) olfactory function, vision, and audition exhibited significant longitudinal declines in nondemented older adults; (b) multiwave change for these sensory function indicators predicted risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI); and (c) change within persons for each sensory measure shared dynamic time-varying associations with within-person change in cognitive functioning. METHOD A longitudinal sample (n = 408) from the Victoria Longitudinal Study was assembled. Three cognitive status subgroups were identified: not impaired cognitively, single-assessment MCI, and multiple-assessment MCI. RESULTS We tested independent predictive associations, contrasting change in sensory function as predictors of cognitive decline and impairment, utilizing both linear mixed models and logistic regression analysis. Olfaction and, to a lesser extent, vision were identified as the most robust predictors of cognitive status and decline; audition showed little predictive influence. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the potential utility of deficits in olfactory function, in particular, as an early marker of age- and pathology-related cognitive decline. Functional biomarkers may represent potential candidates for use in the early stages of a multistep screening approach for detecting those at risk of cognitive impairment, as well as for targeted intervention. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Xue H, Hou P, Li Y, Mao X, Wu L, Liu Y. Factors for predicting reversion from mild cognitive impairment to normal cognition: A meta-analysis. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 34:1361-1368. [PMID: 31179580 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may revert to normal cognition (NC), but predictive factors are under study. We therefore sought to identify factors which could help in predicting reversion from MCI to NC. METHODS Relevant studies were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EBSCO, and OVID. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, high-quality assessments of relevant literatures were conducted, followed by data extraction and meta-analysis with Stata 12.0 software. RESULTS A total of 17 studies with 6829 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The overall reversion rate is 27.57%. Positive predictive factors were found in younger age (SMD = -0.345, 95% CI, -0.501 to -0.189), higher education level (SMD = 0.337, 95% CI, 0.117-0.558), no APOE ε4 allele (OR = 0.728, 95% CI, 0.575-0.922), no hypertension (OR = 0.826, 95% CI, 0.692-0.987), no stroke (OR = 0.696, 95% CI, 0.507-0.953), and higher Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score (SMD = 0.707, 95% CI, 0.461-0.953). CONCLUSION Individuals who are at young age, have higher education level and MMSE score, and have no APOEe4 allele, no hypertension, and no stroke had a high probability to revert from MCI to NC.
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Affiliation(s)
- HuiPing Xue
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping Hou
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - YongNan Li
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin'e Mao
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - LinFeng Wu
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - YongBing Liu
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Stewart CC, Boyle PA, James BD, Yu L, Han SD, Bennett DA. Associations of APOE ε4 With Health and Financial Literacy Among Community-Based Older Adults Without Dementia. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2018; 73:778-786. [PMID: 27174891 PMCID: PMC6283314 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbw054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Older adults often exhibit low health and financial literacy, but the reasons why remain unclear. One possibility is that those older adults at high risk for developing dementia demonstrate low literacy even in the absence of marked cognitive impairment. We therefore examined associations of health and financial literacy with the APOE ε4 allele, the chief genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, among older adults without dementia. Method Participants were 487 older adults without dementia enrolled in the Rush Memory and Aging Project (mean age = 83, mean years of education = 15, 77% female, 91% non-Hispanic White). Participants underwent APOE genotyping and assessments of cognition, health literacy, and financial literacy. Health and financial literacy scores were also averaged into a total literacy score. Results ε4 was associated with lower total and health literacy, with a trend toward an association with lower financial literacy, after adjustment for age, sex, and education. Associations of ε4 with lower total and health literacy persisted after further adjustment for global cognitive function and 5 specific cognitive domains. Discussion ε4 affects literacy even in the absence of clinical dementia and does so relatively independent of performance on traditional cognitive tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Stewart
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Patricia A Boyle
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bryan D James
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - S Duke Han
- Departments of Family Medicine, Neurology, and Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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Physical activity correlates in people with mild cognitive impairment: findings from six low- and middle-income countries. Public Health 2018; 156:15-25. [PMID: 29408186 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite promising research showing that physical activity (PA) might improve cognitive functioning in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), people with MCI are less physically active compared with the general population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess PA correlates among community-dwelling older people with MCI in six low- and middle-income countries. DESIGN Cross-sectional data from the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health were analysed. METHODS PA level was assessed by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. 4854 participants with MCI (mean age 64.4 years; 55.1% females) were grouped into those who do and do not (low PA) meet the 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA per week recommendation. Associations between PA and the correlates were examined using multivariable logistic regressions. RESULTS The prevalence of low PA was 27.4% (95% confidence interval = 25.0-30.0). In the multivariable analysis, older age and unemployment were the only sociodemographic correlates of low PA. The significant positive correlates of low PA in other domains included depression, being underweight, obesity, asthma, chronic lung disease, hearing problems, visual impairment, slow gait, weak grip strength, poor self-rated health, and lower levels of social cohesion. CONCLUSIONS The current data illustrate that a number of sociodemographic and health factors are associated with PA levels among older people with MCI. The promotion of social cohesion may increase the efficacy of public health initiatives while from a health care perspective, somatic co-morbidities, muscle strength and slow gait need to be considered when activating those at risk for dementia.
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Terracciano A, Stephan Y, Luchetti M, Gonzalez-Rothi R, Sutin AR. Personality and Lung Function in Older Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2017; 72:913-921. [PMID: 26786321 PMCID: PMC5926981 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbv161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung disease is a leading cause of disability and death among older adults. We examine whether personality traits are associated with lung function and shortness of breath (dyspnea) in a national cohort with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHOD Participants (N = 12,670) from the Health and Retirement Study were tested for peak expiratory flow (PEF) and completed measures of personality, health behaviors, and a medical history. RESULTS High neuroticism and low extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were associated with lower PEF, and higher likelihood of COPD and dyspnea. Conscientiousness had the strongest and most consistent associations, including lower risk of PEF less than 80% of the predicted value (OR = 0.67; 0.62-0.73) and dyspnea (OR = 0.52; 0.47-0.57). Although attenuated, the associations remained significant when accounting for smoking, physical activity, and chronic diseases including cardiovascular and psychiatric disorders. The associations between personality and PEF or dyspnea were similar among those with or without COPD, suggesting that psychological links to lung function are not disease dependent. In longitudinal analyses, high neuroticism (β = -0.019) and low conscientiousness (β = 0.027) predicted steeper declines in PEF. DISCUSSION A vulnerable personality profile is common among individuals with limited lung function and COPD, predicts shortness of breath and worsening lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee
| | - Yannick Stephan
- Department of Sport Sciences, Psychology and Medicine, University of Montpellier, France
| | | | - Ricardo Gonzalez-Rothi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee
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Tonacci A, Bruno RM, Ghiadoni L, Pratali L, Berardi N, Tognoni G, Cintoli S, Volpi L, Bonuccelli U, Sicari R, Taddei S, Maffei L, Picano E. Olfactory evaluation in Mild Cognitive Impairment: correlation with neurocognitive performance and endothelial function. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 45:1279-1288. [PMID: 28370677 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is an intermediate condition between normal aging and dementia, associated with an increased risk of progression into the latter within months or years. Olfactory impairment, a well-known biomarker for neurodegeneration, might be present in the condition early, possibly representing a signal for future pathological onset. Our study aimed at evaluating olfactory function in MCI and healthy controls in relation to neurocognitive performance and endothelial function. A total of 85 individuals with MCI and 41 healthy controls, matched for age and gender, were recruited. Olfactory function was assessed by Sniffin' Sticks Extended Test (Burghart, Medizintechnik, GmbH, Wedel, Germany). A comprehensive neurocognitive assessment was performed. Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery by ultrasound. MCI individuals showed an impaired olfactory function compared to controls. The overall olfactory score is able to predict MCI with a good sensitivity and specificity (70.3 and 77.4% respectively). In MCI, olfactory identification score is correlated with a number of neurocognitive abilities, including overall cognitive status, dementia rating, immediate and delayed memory, visuospatial ability and verbal fluency. FMD was reduced in MCI (2.90 ± 2.15 vs. 3.66 ± 1.96%, P = 0.016) and was positively associated with olfactory identification score (ρs =0.219, P = 0.025). The association remained significant after controlling for age, gender, and smoking. In conclusion, olfactory evaluation is able to discriminate between MCI and healthy individuals. Systemic vascular dysfunction might be involved, at least indirectly, in olfactory dysfunction in MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Tonacci
- Clinical Physiology Institute - National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosa M Bruno
- Clinical Physiology Institute - National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ghiadoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenza Pratali
- Clinical Physiology Institute - National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Berardi
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (IN-CNR), Pisa, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gloria Tognoni
- Neurological Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Cintoli
- Neurological Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leda Volpi
- Neurological Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Bonuccelli
- Neurological Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosa Sicari
- Clinical Physiology Institute - National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lamberto Maffei
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (IN-CNR), Pisa, Italy.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eugenio Picano
- Clinical Physiology Institute - National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Fischer AL, O’Rourke N, Loken Thornton W. Age Differences in Cognitive and Affective Theory of Mind: Concurrent Contributions of Neurocognitive Performance, Sex, and Pulse Pressure. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2016; 72:71-81. [DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbw088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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