1
|
Gamboa CJ, Julion WA, Fogg L, Bounds DT, Sumo J, Barnes LL. Perceptions of Caring Recruitment Among Older Adults: African Americans and Non-Latinx Whites. Nurs Res 2023; 72:114-122. [PMID: 36598918 PMCID: PMC9991987 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African Americans (AAs) are underrepresented in health-related research studies. Few studies have investigated how behaviors of study recruiters affect recruitment of older AAs versus non-Latinx Whites (NLWs). OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore whether caring behaviors influence AA and NLW older adults' decision to participate in hypothetical, high-commitment, health-related research studies and differences in participants' enrollment decisions by race. METHODS Using a descriptive, cross-sectional study design, guided by Kristen Swanson's middle-range theory of caring, a research-savvy sample of 60 AA and 60 NLW adults (age > 65 years) were randomly assigned one of two written vignettes. The concept of caring behaviors was manipulated and illustrated in a hypothetical recruitment scenario. A participant feedback survey was used to assess (a) participants' perceptions of caring and uncaring behaviors exhibited by the fictitious research recruiter, (b) differences in their willingness to participate based on vignette type, and (c) participants' judgment of the research recruiter as being caring or uncaring. A chi-square test assessed the association among categorical variables (caring behavior and participants' race). RESULTS Participants who received the vignette with the high caring recruiter were more than twice as likely to agree to participate in the study than those who received the vignette with the low caring recruiter. AA and NLW participants did not differ in their likelihood to agree to participate. Participants who received the caring vignette and judged the recruiter as caring were 5 times as likely to agree to participate in the high-commitment study than those who received the uncaring vignette ( p < .001). Associations did not vary by race. DISCUSSION This experimental study of equally recruited older adults from an existing longitudinal study revealed that caring behaviors in recruitment strategies are associated with an increased likelihood of participation in high-commitment research with older adults. The research-savvy AA participants were just as likely to participate in the hypothetical high-commitment research as their NLW peers when the fictional research recruiter was perceived as having caring behaviors. When targeting specific populations, it is essential to employ nuanced recruitment approaches where the study recruiters are attuned to caring behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlene J. Gamboa
- Rush University Medical Center, Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Office of Research Affairs, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Louis Fogg
- Rush University, College of Nursing, Chicago, IL
| | - Dawn T. Bounds
- The University of California, Irvine, Sue, and Bill Gross School of Nursing, Irvine, CA
| | - Jen’nea Sumo
- Rush University, College of Nursing, Chicago, IL
| | - Lisa L. Barnes
- Rush University, Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ta Park VM, Meyer OL, Tsoh JY, Kanaya AM, Tzuang M, Nam B, Vuong Q, Bang J, Hinton L, Gallagher-Thompson D, Grill JD. The Collaborative Approach for Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders Research and Education (CARE): A recruitment registry for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, aging, and caregiver-related research. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:433-443. [PMID: 35420258 PMCID: PMC9562598 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical research focused on aging, Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), and caregiving often does not recruit Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs). METHODS With funding from the National Institute on Aging, we designed and launched the Collaborative Approach for AAPIs Research and Education (CARE), a research recruitment registry to increase AAPIs' participation in ADRD, aging, and caregiving research. We present the design of this novel recruitment program. RESULTS CARE uses community-based participatory research methods that are culturally and linguistically appropriate. Since CARE's launch, it has enrolled >7000 AAPIs in a 1-year period. The majority enrolled in CARE via community organizations and reported never having participated in any kind of research before. CARE also engages researchers by establishing a recruitment referral request protocol. DISCUSSION CARE provides a promising venue to foster meaningful inclusion of AAPIs who are under-represented in aging and dementia-related research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Van M. Ta Park
- Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Asian American Research Center on Health (ARCH), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Oanh L. Meyer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Janice Y. Tsoh
- Asian American Research Center on Health (ARCH), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alka M. Kanaya
- Asian American Research Center on Health (ARCH), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marian Tzuang
- Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bora Nam
- Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Quyen Vuong
- International Children Assistance Network, Milpitas, California, USA
| | - Joon Bang
- National Asian Pacific Center on Aging, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ladson Hinton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Dolores Gallagher-Thompson
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Optimal Aging Center, Los Altos, California, USA
| | - Joshua D. Grill
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rorai VO, Perry TE, Whitney SE, Gianfermi HC, Mitchell JA, Key KD, Lichtenberg PA, Taylor RJ, Ilardo JL, Knurek SM, Conyers CS. "It Takes Some Empathy, Sympathy, and Listening": Telephone Outreach to Older Detroiters in a Pandemic as a Modality to Gain an Understanding of Challenges and Resiliency. J Urban Health 2021; 98:91-102. [PMID: 34518983 PMCID: PMC8437335 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-021-00564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript describes a telephone outreach project for members of a research registry program for older adults in Detroit, Michigan. From April until December 2020, the Healthier Black Elders Center designed and implemented a telephone outreach program, calling 1204 older adults utilizing 15 staff and volunteers. The calls served to check in on registry members and collect data on mental health, coping mechanisms, access to services, masks, testing, and tele-health. This paper details the methods of developing and implementing an innovative engagement program that collected time-sensitive data from older Black adults that has directly been applied to create virtual health education programs, share resource information, and create a program to reduce social isolation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa O Rorai
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Tam E Perry
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kent D Key
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Peter A Lichtenberg
- Institute of Gerontology, Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
- Program for Research on Black Americans, Institute for Social Research, Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Robert Joseph Taylor
- Program for Research on Black Americans, Institute for Social Research, Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Research Initiatives, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Joan L Ilardo
- Research Initiatives, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Sean M Knurek
- Michigan State University Extension, East Lansing, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mitchell J, Perry T, Rorai V, Ilardo J, Lichtenberg PA, Jackson JS. Building and Sustaining a Community Advisory Board of African American Older Adults as the Foundation for Volunteer Research Recruitment and Retention in Health Sciences. Ethn Dis 2020; 30:755-764. [PMID: 33250622 DOI: 10.18865/ed.30.s2.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Older African Americans' participation in health-related research is severely limited; they are not involved in sufficient numbers to ensure the applicability of advancements in medical and behavioral health. This research participation gap exacerbates older African Americans' vulnerability to poor health outcomes and disparities. The Michigan Center for Urban African American Aging Research employs a progressive community-based participatory model that utilizes a structured community advisory board (CAB) of African American older adults in metro Detroit, Michigan to oversee the research recruitment and retention of fellow minority older adult research participants. CAB members develop and support community health programming that provides free resources to older adults and also serves as fertile ground for recruiting participants in a volunteer research registry. CAB members are also provided ongoing training on social and behavioral health research and are supported in acting as a consultancy to outside researchers where they can be compensated for their expertise and engagement. This community-engaged model of sustaining a CAB of African American older adults offers key lessons learned on building relationships and trust, valuing and leveraging community members' expertise and time, sharing decision-making, and fostering genuine community all while promoting research recruitment and retention among underserved populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Mitchell
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Tam Perry
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Vanessa Rorai
- Healthier Black Elders Center and the Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Joan Ilardo
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Lansing, MI
| | - Peter A Lichtenberg
- Institute of Gerontology and Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - James S Jackson
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ajrouch KJ, Vega IE, Antonucci TC, Tarraf W, Webster NJ, Zahodne LB. Partnering with Middle Eastern/Arab American and Latino Immigrant Communities to Increase Participation in Alzheimer's Disease Research. Ethn Dis 2020; 30:765-774. [PMID: 33250623 DOI: 10.18865/ed.30.s2.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recruitment and retention of US ethnic groups traditionally underrepresented in research continues to pose challenges. The Michigan Center for Contextual Factors in Alzheimer's Disease (MCCFAD) engages with two underserved immigrant communities in Michigan - Middle Eastern/Arab Americans in metro-Detroit and Latinos in the Grand Rapids area - to recruit and retain two Participant Resource Pools (PRP). Procedures We adapt an existing community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach to recruit Middle Eastern/Arab American and Latino adults of all ages for Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) research. Using American Community Survey (2014-2018) data, we compare socio-demographic characteristics of Middle Eastern/Arab Americans and Latinos living in Michigan to our PRPs. Assessment tools and community advisory board feedback identified missteps and culturally sensitive solutions. Main Findings In the first year of MCCFAD activities, 100 Middle Eastern/Arab Americans and 117 Latinos joined the MCCFAD PRPs. Comparisons to state-level data showed that PRP participants were on average older and more likely to be female than the Middle Eastern/Arab American and Latino populations in Michigan. Further, Middle Eastern/Arab Americans in the PRP reported higher education levels while Latinos reported lower education levels than their respective statewide populations. Community partnerships/feedback identified the importance of connecting with community leaders, attending to matters of within-group diversity, as well as language and semantics. Conclusion Partnership with communities to develop culturally targeted and sensitive community health events can fill a significant gap in addressing ADRD health disparities by establishing sustainable relationships to increase participation in ADRD research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine J Ajrouch
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, Criminology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI
| | - Irving E Vega
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI
| | - Toni C Antonucci
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Wassim Tarraf
- Institute of Gerontology and Department of Healthcare Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Noah J Webster
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Laura B Zahodne
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kluding PM, Denton J, Jamison TR, Brooks W, Blackwell K, Lantos JD, Waitman LR, McMahon TM, Choudhary A, Bott MJ, Greiner A, Klaus S, O'Brien-Ladner A, Aaronson LS, Burns J, Barohn R. Frontiers: Integration of a Research Participant Registry with Medical Clinic Registration and Electronic Health Records. Clin Transl Sci 2015; 8:405-11. [PMID: 26243261 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Kluding
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Jo Denton
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - T Rene Jamison
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - William Brooks
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Karen Blackwell
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - John D Lantos
- Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | - Marjorie J Bott
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Allen Greiner
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Susan Klaus
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Burns
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Richard Barohn
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sankaré IC, Bross R, Brown AF, Del Pino HE, Jones LF, Morris DM, Porter C, Lucas-Wright A, Vargas R, Forge N, Norris KC, Kahn KL. Strategies to Build Trust and Recruit African American and Latino Community Residents for Health Research: A Cohort Study. Clin Transl Sci 2015; 8:412-20. [PMID: 26094679 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study used Community Partnered Participatory Research (CPPR) to address low participation of racial and ethnic minorities in medical research and the lack of trust between underrepresented communities and researchers. METHODS Using a community and academic partnership in July 2012, residents of a South Los Angeles neighborhood were exposed to research recruitment strategies: referral by word-of-mouth, community agencies, direct marketing, and extant study participants. RESULTS Among 258 community members exposed to recruitment strategies, 79.8% completed the study. Exposed individuals identified their most important method for learning about the study as referral by study participants (39.8%), community agencies (30.6%), word-of-mouth (17.5%), or direct marketing promotion (12.1%). Study completion rates varied by recruitment method: referral by community agencies (88.7%), referral by participants (80.4%), direct marketing promotion (86.2%), word of mouth (64.3%). CONCLUSIONS Although African American and Latino communities are often described as difficult to engage in research, we found high levels of research participation and completion when recruitment strategies emerged from the community itself. This suggests recruitment strategies based on CPPR principles represent an important opportunity for addressing health disparities and our high rates of research completion should provide optimism and a road map for next steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahima C Sankaré
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rachelle Bross
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Arleen F Brown
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Homero E Del Pino
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Loretta F Jones
- Healthy African American Families, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Roberto Vargas
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nell Forge
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Keith C Norris
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Katherine L Kahn
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hagiwara N, Berry-Bobovski L, Francis C, Ramsey L, Chapman RA, Albrecht TL. Unexpected findings in the exploration of African American underrepresentation in biospecimen collection and biobanks. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2014; 29:580-587. [PMID: 24243440 PMCID: PMC4026340 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-013-0586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Racial/ethnic minorities are underrepresented in current biobanking programs. The current study utilized community-based participatory research to identify motivating factors and barriers that affect older African Americans' willingness to donate biospecimens. The standardized phone survey was administered to 78 African Americans who are 55 years old or older and live in the metropolitan Detroit area to assess their overall willingness to donate biospecimens and what factors were associated with it. The majority of the participants were willing to donate biospecimens, along with their personal information, for medical research and indicated that they did donate biospecimens when they were asked. However, African Americans were rarely asked to participate in biobanking programs. Furthermore, African Americans were not as concerned with research exploitation or as mistrusting of medical researchers as previously thought by the medical researchers. Even if African Americans were concerned over potential research exploitation or mistrust of medical researchers, these concerns or mistrust did not translate into an actual unwillingness to participate in biobanking programs. Rather, transparency in medical research and biobanking programs was more important when predicting African Americans' willingness to donate biospecimens for medical research. The findings suggest that underrepresentation of African Americans in current biobanking programs may not be due to their willingness/unwillingness to participate in such programs but rather due to a failure of medical researchers to approach them. Additionally, researchers and clinicians should focus on increasing the transparency of medical research and biobanking programs rather than changing African Americans' potential negative attitudes toward them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nao Hagiwara
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 808 West Franklin Street, P.O. Box, 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ficker LJ, Lysack CL, Hanna M, Lichtenberg PA. Perceived Cognitive Impairment among African American elders: health and functional impairments in daily life. Aging Ment Health 2014; 18:471-80. [PMID: 24328435 PMCID: PMC4151047 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2013.856859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Center for Disease Control began to assess Perceived Cognitive Impairment in 2009, yet there has been no in-depth study of how perceived decline in thinking or memory skills may be associated to the health and lifestyle of an independent community-dwelling older person. Among urban-dwelling older African Americans who are at elevated risk for cognitive impairment and dementia, we know even less regarding the interaction of these risk factors. METHOD Five hundred and one African American elders (n=501) between the ages of 55 and 95 with an average age of 70.73 years (SD=8.6 years) participated in telephone interviews. RESULTS Approximately one-third of the elders reported that their memory, thinking skills, or ability to reason was worse than a year ago (n=150; 29.9%) and 25% of this group (n=38) reported that this Perceived Cognitive Impairment impacted their daily activities and/or warranted a consultation with their doctor. Bivariate analyses indicated that Perceived Cognitive Impairment was associated with increased health problems, mobility limitations, depressed mood, and lower social functioning. CONCLUSION Elders who reported that cognitive problems impacted their daily functioning reported the greatest health and mental health problems. Perceived Cognitive Impairment is an important health variable with implications for an older adult's overall health, mobility, and mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J. Ficker
- Institute of Gerontology, Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, 87 E. Ferry St. Detroit, MI, USA,Corresponding author.
| | - Cathy L. Lysack
- Institute of Gerontology, Professor of Gerontology & Occupational Therapy, 87 E. Ferry St. Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mena Hanna
- Institute of Gerontology, 87 E. Ferry St. Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Peter A. Lichtenberg
- Institute of Gerontology, Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, 87 E. Ferry St. Detroit, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Conners FA, Phillips BA, Rhodes JD, Hamilton JC. Family experience in a regional participant contact registry for research on intellectual disability. INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2014; 52:112-123. [PMID: 24725110 PMCID: PMC9938699 DOI: 10.1352/1934-9556-52.2.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Participant recruitment is one of the most significant challenges in research on intellectual disability (ID). One potential solution is to develop a participant contact registry, which allows the researcher to contact participants directly rather than recruiting through multiple schools or service agencies. The authors describe the development of one such registry and results of a survey of registry families. Results suggest that families joined the registry to help others, they hope research in the ID field improves the daily lives of individuals with ID and their families, and they find research participation to be a positive experience. However, logistic concerns can be an important barrier to their research participation, and they would like more information about the research study both before and after participating.
Collapse
|
11
|
Dilworth-Anderson P. Introduction to the science of recruitment and retention among ethnically diverse populations. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2011; 51 Suppl 1:S1-4. [PMID: 21565811 PMCID: PMC3106368 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnr043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recruitment and retention of research participants is evolving with the changing demographics of the American population, in particular its growing diversity. The cultural-historical background and sociopolitical conditions of each diverse group poses unique challenges in developing successful recruitment and retention methods and strategies. This critical collection of articles demonstrates important theoretical and conceptual frameworks that seek to address the shortcomings of previous models of recruiting diverse populations. Understanding the key components of cultural distinctions, such as values and beliefs, community cohesion, and collective history, has proven to be instrumental in reaching out to these diverse groups. This important strategy has allowed researchers to overcome the barriers that have been fostered in the past and has built the trust necessary to move forward into an inclusive approach to aging research. Not to be overlooked, an important factor to achieving success in recruitment and retention of diverse populations is having access to resources that allow for ongoing connection with research participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peggye Dilworth-Anderson
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health 1102 D McGavran Greenberg Hall, CB 7411, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7411, USA.
| |
Collapse
|