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Fraňová P, Marchalín Š. Recent developments in the synthesis of polyhydroxylated indolizidines. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Fraňová
- Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava: Slovenska technicka univerzita v Bratislave Organic Chemistry Radlinského 2101/9 81237 Bratislava SLOVAKIA
| | - Štefan Marchalín
- Slovak University of Technology Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology: Slovenska Technicka Univerzita v Bratislave Fakulta chemickej a potravinarskej technologie Organic Chemistry Radlinského 2101/9 81237 Bratislava SLOVAKIA
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Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy's Current Antiviral Agents FactFile 2006 (1st Edition) the DNA Viruses. Antivir Chem Chemother 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095632020601700303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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3
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Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy's Current Antiviral Agents FactFile 2006 (1st edition): The RNA Viruses with DNA Intermediates (Retroviruses). Antivir Chem Chemother 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095632020601700305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
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Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy'sCurrent Antiviral Agents FactFile 2006 (1st edition) the RNA viruses. Antivir Chem Chemother 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095632020601700304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Huang W, Kim SJ, Liu J, Zhang W. Identification of the Polyketide Biosynthetic Machinery for the Indolizidine Alkaloid Cyclizidine. Org Lett 2015; 17:5344-7. [PMID: 26473429 PMCID: PMC4646845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The cyclizidine biosynthetic gene cluster was identified from Streptomyces NCIB 11649, which revealed the polyketide biosynthetic machinery for cyclizidine alkaloid biosynthesis. Both in vivo mutagenesis study and in vitro biochemical analysis provided insight into the timing and mechanism of the biosynthetic enzymes that produce cyclizidine-type indolizidine alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Seong Jong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Joyce Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Watanabe S, Rathore AP, Sung C, Lu F, Khoo YM, Connolly J, Low J, Ooi EE, Lee HS, Vasudevan SG. Dose- and schedule-dependent protective efficacy of celgosivir in a lethal mouse model for dengue virus infection informs dosing regimen for a proof of concept clinical trial. Antiviral Res 2012; 96:32-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The members of the family Flaviviridae, including West Nile virus, yellow fever virus and dengue virus, are important human pathogens that are expanding their impact around the globe. The four serotypes of dengue infect 50-100 million people each year, yet the only clinical treatment is supportive care to reduce symptoms. Drugs that employ novel inhibition mechanisms and targets are urgently needed to combat the growing incidence of dengue worldwide. AREAS COVERED The authors discuss recently discovered flavivirus inhibitors with a focus on antivirals targeting non-enzymatic proteins of the dengue virus lifecycle. Specifically, the authors discuss the flaviviruses, the need for novel inhibitors and the criteria for successful antiviral drug development. Current literature describing new advances in antiviral therapy at each stage of the flavivirus lifecycle (entry, endosomal escape, viral RNA processing and replication, assembly and immune evasion) are evaluated and summarized. EXPERT OPINION Overall, the prognosis of flavivirus antiviral drug development is positive: new effective compounds have been discovered and studied. However, repurposing existing compounds and a greater translation to the clinical setting are recommended in order to combat the growing threat of flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Botting
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hockmeyer Hall of Structural Biology, 240 S. Martin Jischke Drive
| | - Richard J. Kuhn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hockmeyer Hall of Structural Biology, 240 S. Martin Jischke Drive
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Rathore APS, Paradkar PN, Watanabe S, Tan KH, Sung C, Connolly JE, Low J, Ooi EE, Vasudevan SG. Celgosivir treatment misfolds dengue virus NS1 protein, induces cellular pro-survival genes and protects against lethal challenge mouse model. Antiviral Res 2011; 92:453-60. [PMID: 22020302 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infections continue to spread aggressively around the world. Here we demonstrate that celgosivir (6-O-butanoyl castanospermine), strongly inhibits all four DENV serotypes. We show by fluorescence microscopy that the antiviral mechanism of celgosivir, is in part, due to misfolding and accumulation of DENV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) in the endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, celgosivir modulates the host's unfolded protein response (UPR) for its antiviral action. Significantly, celgosivir is effective in lethal challenge mouse models that recapitulate primary or secondary antibody-dependent enhanced DENV infection. Celgosivir treated mice showed enhanced survival, reduced viremia and robust immune response, as reflected by serum cytokine analysis. Importantly, survival increased even after treatment was delayed till 2 days post-infection. Together the present study suggests that celgosivir, which has been clinically determined to be safe in humans, may be a valuable candidate for clinical testing in dengue patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay P S Rathore
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Stevens AJ, Gahan ME, Mahalingam S, Keller PA. The medicinal chemistry of dengue fever. J Med Chem 2010; 52:7911-26. [PMID: 19739651 DOI: 10.1021/jm900652e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Stevens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia
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De Clercq E, Field HJ. Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy's Current Antiviral Agents FactFile (2nd Edition): Retroviruses and Hepadnaviruses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 19:75-105. [DOI: 10.1177/095632020801900205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are at present exactly 25 compounds that have been formally approved for the treatment of retrovirus (that is HIV) infections: seven nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), one nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NtRTI), four non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), 10 protease inhibitors (PIs), one core-ceptor inhibitor (CRI), one fusion inhibitor (FI) and one integrase inhibitor (INI). Other compounds expected to be approved for the treatment of HIV infections in the near future are the NNRTI rilpivirine, the CRI vicriviroc and the INI elvitegravir. To obtain synergistic activity, enable lower dosage levels, thus minimizing toxic side effects, and particularly to reduce the risk of drug resistance development, common wisdom dictates that the HIV inhibitors should be used in drug combination regimens. Although, given the number of compounds available, the drug combinations that could be concocted are uncountable, only one triple-drug combination has so far been formulated as single pill to be taken orally once daily, namely Atripla® containing the NtRTI tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, the NRTI emtricitabine and the NNRTI efavirenz. Here, we document these approved compounds along with other HIV-active compounds and, for the first time, compounds whose principal activity is against hepatitis B virus. The logic of this new division being the enzymatic similarity between the reverse transcriptase of HIV and hepatitis B virus; the strategies for the development of antiviral agents to combat them have much in common.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugh J Field
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Whitby K, Pierson TC, Geiss B, Lane K, Engle M, Zhou Y, Doms RW, Diamond MS. Castanospermine, a potent inhibitor of dengue virus infection in vitro and in vivo. J Virol 2005; 79:8698-706. [PMID: 15994763 PMCID: PMC1168722 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.14.8698-8706.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that alpha-glucosidase inhibitors such as castanospermine and deoxynojirimycin inhibit dengue virus type 1 infection by disrupting the folding of the structural proteins prM and E, a step crucial to viral secretion. We extend these studies by evaluating the inhibitory activity of castanospermine against a panel of clinically important flaviviruses including all four serotypes of dengue virus, yellow fever virus, and West Nile virus. Using in vitro assays we demonstrated that infections by all serotypes of dengue virus were inhibited by castanospermine. In contrast, yellow fever virus and West Nile virus were partially and almost completely resistant to the effects of the drug, respectively. Castanospermine inhibited dengue virus infection at the level of secretion and infectivity of viral particles. Importantly, castanospermine prevented mortality in a mouse model of dengue virus infection, with doses of 10, 50, and 250 mg/kg of body weight per day being highly effective at promoting survival (P < or = 0.0001). Correspondingly, castanospermine had no adverse or protective effect on West Nile virus mortality in an analogous mouse model. Overall, our data suggest that castanospermine has a strong antiviral effect on dengue virus infection and warrants further development as a possible treatment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Whitby
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8051, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Michael JP. Simple indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2002; 55:91-258. [PMID: 11704985 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-9598(01)55004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J P Michael
- Centre for Molecular Design, Department of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits 2050, South Africa
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Lourenço A, Máximo P, Ferreira L, Pereira M. Indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids structure and bioactivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(02)80038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
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Watson AA, Fleet GW, Asano N, Molyneux RJ, Nash RJ. Polyhydroxylated alkaloids -- natural occurrence and therapeutic applications. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2001; 56:265-295. [PMID: 11243453 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00451-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 542] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Over one hundred polyhydroxylated alkaloids have been isolated from plants and micro-organisms. These alkaloids can be potent and highly selective glycosidase inhibitors and are arousing great interest as tools to study cellular recognition and as potential therapeutic agents. However, only three of the natural products so far have been widely studied for therapeutic potential due largely to the limited commercial availability of the other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Watson
- Molecular Nature Limited, Aberystwyth, Cardiganshire, UK
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Perrone GG, Barrow KD, McFarlane IJ. The selective enzymatic synthesis of lipophilic esters of swainsonine. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:831-5. [PMID: 10400336 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(98)00271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The potent and specific inhibitor of Golgi alpha-mannosidase II, swainsonine (SW) has been isolated in high yield from Swainsona procumbens and derivatised by regiospecific enzymatic reactions. In this study the regioselectivity of three commercially available enzymes, subtilisin Carlsberg, porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) and Candida cylindracea lipase was determined for the acylation of swainsonine in predominantly anhydrous organic medium. The use of subtilisin in pyridine facilitated the single step synthesis of 2-O-butyryl-SW in a 23% yield, whilst catalysis by PPL in tetrahydrofuran gave 2-O-butyryl-SW (6%) and 1,2-di-O-butyryl-SW (31%).
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Perrone
- School of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Michael
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, South Africa
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