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Haslund-Gourley BS, Grauzam S, Mehta AS, Wigdahl B, Comunale MA. Acute lyme disease IgG N-linked glycans contrast the canonical inflammatory signature. Front Immunol 2022; 13:949118. [PMID: 35990620 PMCID: PMC9389449 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.949118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease (LD) infection is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bb). Due to the limited presence of this pathogen in the bloodstream in humans, diagnosis of LD relies on seroconversion. Immunoglobulins produced in response to infection are differentially glycosylated to promote or inhibit downstream inflammatory responses by the immune system. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycan responses to LD have not been characterized. In this study, we analyzed IgG N-glycans from cohorts of healthy controls, acute LD patient serum, and serum collected after acute LD patients completed a 2- to 3-week course of antibiotics and convalesced for 70-90 days. Results indicate that during the acute phase of Bb infection, IgG shifts its glycosylation profile to include structures that are not associated with the classic proinflammatory IgG N-glycan signature. This unexpected result is in direct contrast to what is reported for other inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, IgG N-glycans detected during acute LD infection discriminated between control, acute, and treated cohorts with a sensitivity of 75-100% and specificity of 94.7-100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Samuel Haslund-Gourley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stéphane Grauzam
- GlycoPath, LLC Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Anand S. Mehta
- GlycoPath, LLC Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Brian Wigdahl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mary Ann Comunale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Mary Ann Comunale,
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2
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Dissecting Total Plasma and Protein-Specific Glycosylation Profiles in Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207635. [PMID: 33076454 PMCID: PMC7589176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein N-glycosylation is a multifactorial process involved in many biological processes. A broad range of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) have been described that feature defects in protein N-glycan biosynthesis. Here, we present insights into the disrupted N-glycosylation of various CDG patients exhibiting defects in the transport of nucleotide sugars, Golgi glycosylation or Golgi trafficking. We studied enzymatically released N-glycans of total plasma proteins and affinity purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) from patients and healthy controls using mass spectrometry (MS). The applied method allowed the differentiation of sialic acid linkage isomers via their derivatization. Furthermore, protein-specific glycan profiles were quantified for transferrin and IgG Fc using electrospray ionization MS of intact proteins and glycopeptides, respectively. Next to the previously described glycomic effects, we report unprecedented sialic linkage-specific effects. Defects in proteins involved in Golgi trafficking (COG5-CDG) and CMP-sialic acid transport (SLC35A1-CDG) resulted in lower levels of sialylated structures on plasma proteins as compared to healthy controls. Findings for these specific CDGs include a more pronounced effect for α2,3-sialylation than for α2,6-sialylation. The diverse abnormalities in glycomic features described in this study reflect the broad range of biological mechanisms that influence protein glycosylation.
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3
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Glycomic Signatures of Plasma IgG Improve Preoperative Prediction of the Invasiveness of Small Lung Nodules. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010028. [PMID: 31861777 PMCID: PMC6982969 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Preoperative assessment of tumor invasiveness is essential to avoid overtreatment for patients with small-sized ground-glass nodules (GGNs) of 10 mm or less in diameter. However, it is difficult to determine the pathological state by computed tomography (CT) examination alone. Aberrant glycans has emerged as a tool to identify novel potential disease biomarkers. In this study, we used a lectin microarray-based strategy to investigate whether glycosylation changes in plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) provide additional information about the invasiveness of small GGNs before surgery. Two independent cohorts (discovery set, n = 92; test set, n = 210) of GGN patients were used. Five of 45 lectins (Sambucus nigra agglutinin, SNA; Datura stramonium agglutinin, DSA; Galanthus nivalis agglutinin, GNA; Euonymus europaeus lectin, EEL; and Vicia villosa agglutinin, VVA) were identified as independent factors associated with pathological invasiveness of small GGNs (p < 0.01). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated the combination of these five lectins could significantly improve the accuracy of CT in diagnosing invasive GGNs, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.792 (p < 0.001), a sensitivity of 74.6%, and specificity of 74.4%, which was superior to current clinical biomarkers. These results suggest that the multilectin assay based on plasma IgG glycosylation may be a useful in vitro complementary test to enhance preoperative determination of the invasiveness of GGNs and guide surgeons to select proper clinical management to avoid overtreatment.
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4
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Stach CS, McCann MG, O’Brien CM, Le TS, Somia N, Chen X, Lee K, Fu HY, Daoutidis P, Zhao L, Hu WS, Smanski M. Model-Driven Engineering of N-Linked Glycosylation in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:2524-2535. [PMID: 31596566 PMCID: PMC7034315 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are used for industrial production of protein-based therapeutics (i.e., "biologics"). Here we describe a method for combining systems-level kinetic models with a synthetic biology platform for multigene overexpression to rationally perturb N-linked glycosylation. Specifically, we sought to increase galactose incorporation on a secreted Immunoglobulin G (IgG) protein. We rationally design, build, and test a total of 23 transgenic cell pools that express single or three-gene glycoengineering cassettes comprising a total of 100 kilobases of engineered DNA sequence. Through iterative engineering and model refinement, we rationally increase the fraction of bigalactosylated glycans five-fold from 11.9% to 61.9% and simultaneously decrease the glycan heterogeneity on the secreted IgG. Our approach allows for rapid hypothesis testing and identification of synergistic behavior from genetic perturbations by bridging systems and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S. Stach
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics and Biotechnology Institute
| | | | | | - Tung S. Le
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Nikunj Somia
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Xinning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Kyoungho Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Hsu-Yuan Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | | | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Wei-Shou Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Michael Smanski
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics and Biotechnology Institute
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5
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Neu KE, Guthmiller JJ, Huang M, La J, Vieira MC, Kim K, Zheng NY, Cortese M, Tepora ME, Hamel NJ, Rojas KT, Henry C, Shaw D, Dulberger CL, Pulendran B, Cobey S, Khan AA, Wilson PC. Spec-seq unveils transcriptional subpopulations of antibody-secreting cells following influenza vaccination. J Clin Invest 2018; 129:93-105. [PMID: 30457979 DOI: 10.1172/jci121341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are among the most effective public health tools for combating certain infectious diseases such as influenza. The role of the humoral immune system in vaccine-induced protection is widely appreciated; however, our understanding of how antibody specificities relate to B cell function remains limited due to the complexity of polyclonal antibody responses. To address this, we developed the Spec-seq framework, which allows for simultaneous monoclonal antibody (mAb) characterization and transcriptional profiling from the same single cell. Here, we present the first application of the Spec-seq framework, which we applied to human plasmablasts after influenza vaccination in order to characterize transcriptional differences governed by B cell receptor (BCR) isotype and vaccine reactivity. Our analysis did not find evidence of long-term transcriptional specialization between plasmablasts of different isotypes. However, we did find enhanced transcriptional similarity between clonally related B cells, as well as distinct transcriptional signatures ascribed by BCR vaccine recognition. These data suggest IgG and IgA vaccine-positive plasmablasts are largely similar, whereas IgA vaccine-negative cells appear to be transcriptionally distinct from conventional, terminally differentiated, antigen-induced peripheral blood plasmablasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlynn E Neu
- The Committee on Immunology.,The Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology
| | | | - Min Huang
- The Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology
| | - Jennifer La
- The Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Marcos C Vieira
- The Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kangchon Kim
- The Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Mario Cortese
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | - Carole Henry
- The Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology
| | - Dustin Shaw
- The Committee on Immunology.,The Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology
| | - Charles L Dulberger
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah Cobey
- The Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Aly A Khan
- Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Patrick C Wilson
- The Committee on Immunology.,The Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology
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6
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Dekkers G, Plomp R, Koeleman CAM, Visser R, von Horsten HH, Sandig V, Rispens T, Wuhrer M, Vidarsson G. Multi-level glyco-engineering techniques to generate IgG with defined Fc-glycans. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36964. [PMID: 27872474 PMCID: PMC5131652 DOI: 10.1038/srep36964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) mediates its immune functions through complement and cellular IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR). IgG contains an evolutionary conserved N-linked glycan at position Asn297 in the Fc-domain. This glycan consists of variable levels of fucose, galactose, sialic acid, and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (bisection). Of these variations, the lack of fucose strongly enhances binding to the human FcγRIII, a finding which is currently used to improve the efficacy of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. The influence of the other glycan traits is largely unknown, mostly due to lack of glyco-engineering tools. We describe general methods to produce recombinant proteins of any desired glycoform in eukaryotic cells. Decoy substrates were used to decrease the level of fucosylation or galactosylation, glycosyltransferases were transiently overexpressed to enhance bisection, galactosylation and sialylation and in vitro sialylation was applied for enhanced sialylation. Combination of these techniques enable to systematically explore the biological effect of these glycosylation traits for IgG and other glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Dekkers
- Sanquin Research, Department Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosina Plomp
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien A. M. Koeleman
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Visser
- Sanquin Research, Department Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans H. von Horsten
- ProBioGen AG, Berlin, Germany
- HTW-Berlin University of Applied Sciences, Life Science Engineering, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Theo Rispens
- Sanquin Research, Department Immunopathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research, Department Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Shinzaki S, Ishii M, Fujii H, Iijima H, Wakamatsu K, Kawai S, Shiraishi E, Hiyama S, Inoue T, Hayashi Y, Kuwahara R, Takamatsu S, Kamada Y, Morii E, Tsujii M, Takehara T, Miyoshi E. N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V exacerbates murine colitis with macrophage dysfunction and enhances colitic tumorigenesis. J Gastroenterol 2016; 51:357-69. [PMID: 26349931 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-015-1119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oligosaccharide structures and their alterations have important roles in modulating intestinal inflammation. N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V) is involved in the biosynthesis of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) by β1,6-branching on N-glycans and is induced in various pathologic processes, such as inflammation and regeneration. GnT-V alters host immune responses by inhibiting the functions of CD4(+) T cells and macrophages. The present study aimed to clarify the role of GnT-V in intestinal inflammation using GnT-V transgenic mice. METHODS Colitis severity was compared between GnT-V transgenic mice and wild-type mice. β1,6-GlcNAc levels were investigated by phytohemagglutinin-L4 lectin blotting and flow cytometry. We investigated phagocytosis of macrophages by measuring the number of peritoneal-macrophage-ingested fluorescent latex beads by flow cytometry. Cytokine production in the culture supernatant of mononuclear cells from the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and bone-marrow-derived macrophages was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clodronate liposomes were intravenously injected to deplete macrophages in vivo. Chronic-colitis-associated tumorigenesis was assessed after 9 months of repeated administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). RESULTS DSS-induced colitis and colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid were markedly exacerbated in GnT-V transgenic mice compared with wild-type mice. Production of interleukin-10 and phagocytosis of macrophages were significantly impaired in GnT-V transgenic mice compared with wild-type mice. Clodronate liposome treatment to deplete macrophages blocked the exacerbation of DSS-induced colitis and impairment of interleukin-10 production in GnT-V transgenic mice. Chronic-colitis-associated tumorigenesis was significantly increased in GnT-V transgenic mice. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of GnT-V exacerbated murine experimental colitis by inducing macrophage dysfunction, thereby enhancing colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Shinzaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 K1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mayuko Ishii
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hironobu Fujii
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideki Iijima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 K1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kana Wakamatsu
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Kawai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 K1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eri Shiraishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 K1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 K1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takahiro Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 K1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshito Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 K1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Kuwahara
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, 7-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Shinji Takamatsu
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 K1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tsujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 K1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 K1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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8
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Isotypes of Epstein-Barr virus antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis: association with rheumatoid factors and citrulline-dependent antibodies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:472174. [PMID: 26000294 PMCID: PMC4426970 DOI: 10.1155/2015/472174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the humoral immune response against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to compare it with the two major autoantibody types in RA, plasma samples from 77 RA patients, 28 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 28 healthy controls (HCs) were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Increased percentages of positives and concentrations of IgG/IgA/IgM antibodies against the latent EBV nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) were observed in RA patients compared to SLE patients and HCs. Increased concentrations and percentages of positives of IgG/IgA/IgM against the early lytic EBV antigen diffuse (EAD) were also found in RA patients compared to HCs but were highest in SLE patients. Furthermore, associations between the elevated EBNA-1 IgA and EBNA-1 IgM levels and the presence of IgM and IgA rheumatoid factors (RFs) and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs, IgG) and between elevated IgA concentrations against EAD and the presence of RFs and ACPAs in RA patients were found. Thus, RA patients had elevated antibodies of all isotypes characteristic of latent EBV infection (whereas SLE patients had elevated antibodies characteristic of lytic EBV infection). Notably, for IgM and IgA (but not IgG), these were associated with the presence of characteristic RA autoantibodies.
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9
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Ho CH, Chien RN, Cheng PN, Liu JH, Liu CK, Su CS, Wu IC, Li IC, Tsai HW, Wu SL, Liu WC, Chen SH, Chang TT. Aberrant Serum Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation in Chronic Hepatitis B Is Associated With Histological Liver Damage and Reversible by Antiviral Therapy. J Infect Dis 2014; 211:115-24. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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10
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Krištić J, Vučković F, Menni C, Klarić L, Keser T, Beceheli I, Pučić-Baković M, Novokmet M, Mangino M, Thaqi K, Rudan P, Novokmet N, Sarac J, Missoni S, Kolčić I, Polašek O, Rudan I, Campbell H, Hayward C, Aulchenko Y, Valdes A, Wilson JF, Gornik O, Primorac D, Zoldoš V, Spector T, Lauc G. Glycans are a novel biomarker of chronological and biological ages. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 69:779-89. [PMID: 24325898 PMCID: PMC4049143 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fine structural details of glycans attached to the conserved N-glycosylation site significantly not only affect function of individual immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules but also mediate inflammation at the systemic level. By analyzing IgG glycosylation in 5,117 individuals from four European populations, we have revealed very complex patterns of changes in IgG glycosylation with age. Several IgG glycans (including FA2B, FA2G2, and FA2BG2) changed considerably with age and the combination of these three glycans can explain up to 58% of variance in chronological age, significantly more than other markers of biological age like telomere lengths. The remaining variance in these glycans strongly correlated with physiological parameters associated with biological age. Thus, IgG glycosylation appears to be closely linked with both chronological and biological ages. Considering the important role of IgG glycans in inflammation, and because the observed changes with age promote inflammation, changes in IgG glycosylation also seem to represent a factor contributing to aging. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Glycosylation is the key posttranslational mechanism that regulates function of immunoglobulins, with multiple systemic repercussions to the immune system. Our study of IgG glycosylation in 5,117 individuals from four European populations has revealed very extensive and complex changes in IgG glycosylation with age. The combined index composed of only three glycans explained up to 58% of variance in age, considerably more than other biomarkers of age like telomere lengths. The remaining variance in these glycans strongly correlated with physiological parameters associated with biological age; thus, IgG glycosylation appears to be closely linked with both chronological and biological ages. The ability to measure human biological aging using molecular profiling has practical applications for diverse fields such as disease prevention and treatment, or forensics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twins Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, UK
| | | | - Toma Keser
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twins Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, UK
| | | | - Pavao Rudan
- Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Jelena Sarac
- Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Saša Missoni
- Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia
| | | | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRCHGU, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Yurii Aulchenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SD RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ana Valdes
- Department of Twins Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, UK
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, UK
| | - Olga Gornik
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Tim Spector
- Department of Twins Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, UK
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycobiology Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia. Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Croatia.
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11
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Yamada K, Ito K, Furukawa JI, Nakata J, Alvarez M, Verbeek JS, Shinohara Y, Izui S. Galactosylation of IgG1 modulates FcγRIIB-mediated inhibition of murine autoimmune hemolytic anemia. J Autoimmun 2013; 47:104-10. [PMID: 24055197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Murine immune effector cells express three different stimulatory FcγRs (FcγRI, FcγRIII and FcγRIV) and one inhibitory receptor, FcγRIIB. Competitive engagement of stimulatory and inhibitory FcγRs has been shown to be critical for the development of immune complex-mediated inflammatory disorders. Because of the previous demonstration that FcγRIIB was unable to inhibit FcγRIII-mediated autoimmune hemolytic anemia induced by 105-2H IgG1 anti-RBC mAb, we reevaluated the regulatory role of FcγRIIB on the development of anemia using two additional IgG1 anti-RBC mAbs (34-3C and 3H5G1) and different 34-3C IgG subclass-switch variants. We were able to induce a more severe anemia in FcγRIIB-deficient mice than in FcγRIIB-sufficient mice after injection of 34-3C and 3H5G1 IgG1, but not 105-2H IgG1. Structural analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides attached to the CH2 domain revealed that 105-2H was poorly galactosylated as compared with the other mAbs, while the extent of sialylation was comparable between all mAbs. In addition, we observed that a more galactosylated 105-2H variant provoked more severe anemia in FcγRIIB-deficient mice than FcγRIIB-sufficient mice. In contrast, the development of anemia induced by three non-IgG1 subclass variants of the 34-3C mAb was not down-regulated by FcγRIIB, although they were more galactosylated than its IgG1 variant. These data indicate that FcγRIIB-mediated inhibition of autoimmune hemolytic anemia is restricted to the IgG1 subclass and that galactosylation, but not sialylation, of IgG1 (but not other IgG subclasses) is critical for the interaction with FcγR, thereby determining the pathogenic potential of IgG1 autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Yamada
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
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12
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Collins ES, Galligan MC, Saldova R, Adamczyk B, Abrahams JL, Campbell MP, Ng CT, Veale DJ, Murphy TB, Rudd PM, Fitzgerald O. Glycosylation status of serum in inflammatory arthritis in response to anti-TNF treatment. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 52:1572-82. [PMID: 23681398 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glycosylation is the most common post-translational modification and is altered in disease. The typical glycosylation change in patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA) is a decrease in galactosylation levels on IgG. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of anti-TNF therapy on whole serum glycosylation from IA patients and determine whether these alterations in the glycome change upon treatment of the disease. METHODS Serum samples were collected from 54 IA patients before treatment and at 1 and 12 months after commencing anti-TNF therapy. N-linked glycans from whole serum samples were analysed using a high-throughput hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-based method. RESULTS Glycosylation on the serum proteins of IA patients changed significantly with anti-TNF treatment. We observed an increase in galactosylated glycans from IgG, also an increase in core-fucosylated biantennary galactosylated glycans and a decrease in sialylated triantennary glycans with and without outer arm fucose. This increase in galactosylated IgG glycans suggests a reversing of the N-glycome towards normal healthy profiles. These changes are strongly correlated with decreasing CRP, suggesting a link between glycosylation changes and decreases in inflammatory processes. CONCLUSION Glycosylation changes in the serum of IA patients on anti-TNF therapy are strongly associated with a decrease in inflammatory processes and reflect the effect of anti-TNF on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Collins
- Department of Rheumatology, Dublin Academic Medical Centre, Dublin 4, Ireland
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13
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Dall’Olio F, Vanhooren V, Chen CC, Slagboom PE, Wuhrer M, Franceschi C. N-glycomic biomarkers of biological aging and longevity: a link with inflammaging. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:685-98. [PMID: 22353383 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a frequent co/post-translational modification of proteins which modulates a variety of biological functions. The analysis of N-glycome, i.e. the sugar chains N-linked to asparagine, identified new candidate biomarkers of aging such as N-glycans devoid of galactose residues on their branches, in a variety of human and experimental model systems, such as healthy old people, centenarians and their offspring and caloric restricted mice. These agalactosylated biantennary structures mainly decorate Asn297 of Fc portion of IgG (IgG-G0), and are present also in patients affected by progeroid syndromes and a variety of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. IgG-G0 exert a pro-inflammatory effect through different mechanisms, including the lectin pathway of complement, binding to Fcγ receptors and formation of autoantibody aggregates. The age-related accumulation of IgG-G0 can contribute to inflammaging, the low-grade pro-inflammatory status that characterizes elderly, by creating a vicious loop in which inflammation is responsible for the production of aberrantly glycosylated IgG which, in turn, would activate the immune system, exacerbating inflammation. Moreover, recent data suggest that the N-glycomic shift observed in aging could be related not only to inflammation but also to alteration of important metabolic pathways. Thus, altered N-glycans are both powerful markers of aging and possible contributors to its pathogenesis.
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Otani M, Kuroki A, Kikuchi S, Kihara M, Nakata J, Ito K, Furukawa JI, Shinohara Y, Izui S. Sialylation determines the nephritogenicity of IgG3 cryoglobulins. J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 23:1869-78. [PMID: 23024299 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2012050477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal 6-19 IgG3 anti-IgG2a rheumatoid factor derived from lupus-prone MRL-Fas(lpr) mice can induce GN and cryoglobulinemia, but the features that confer nephritogenic potential are not completely understood. Asparagine-linked oligosaccharide chains of 6-19 IgG3 mAb are poorly galactosylated and hardly sialylated, possibly contributing to the pathogenic potential of 6-19 IgG3 rheumatoid factors. Here, we used the 6-19 model of cryoglobulin-associated GN to define the relative contributions of galactosylation and sialylation, in relation to cryoglobulin activity, to the nephritogenic potential of IgG3 antibodies. We generated one highly sialylated and two distinct more galactosylated 6-19 IgG3 rheumatoid factor variants. Although the mere extent of galactosylation had no effect on either the cryogenic and nephritogenic activities of 6-19 IgG3 rheumatoid factor, terminal sialylation attenuated the nephritogenic potential of 6-19 IgG3 by limiting its cryoglobulin activity. These data suggest a protective role of IgG sialylation against the development of cryoglobulin-mediated GN, highlighting the anti-inflammatory activity of sialylated IgG antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Otani
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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15
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Choi HJ, Chung TW, Kim CH, Jeong HS, Joo M, Youn B, Ha KT. Estrogen induced β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 expression regulates proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 426:620-5. [PMID: 22982306 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.08.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 (B4GALT1) synthesizes galactose β-1,4-N-acetylglucosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) groups on N-linked sugar chains of glycoproteins, which play important roles in many biological events, including the proliferation and migration of cancer cells. A previous microarray study reported that this gene is expressed by estrogen treatment in breast cancer. In this study, we examined the regulatory mechanisms and biological functions of estrogen-induced B4GALT1 expression. Our data showed that estrogen-induced expression of B4GALT1 is localized in intracellular compartments and in the plasma membrane. In addition, B4GALT1 has an enzyme activity involved in the production of the Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure. The result from a promoter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that 3 different estrogen response elements (EREs) in the B4GALT1 promoter are critical for responsiveness to estrogen. In addition, the estrogen antagonists ICI 182,780 and ER-α-ERE binding blocker TPBM inhibit the expression of estrogen-induced B4GALT1. However, the inhibition of signal molecules relating to the extra-nuclear pathway, including the G-protein coupled receptors, Ras, and mitogen-activated protein kinases, had no inhibitory effects on B4GALT1 expression. The knock-down of the B4GALT1 gene and the inhibition of membrane B4GALT1 function resulted in the significant inhibition of estrogen-induced proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Considering these results, we propose that estrogen regulates the expression of B4GALT1 through the direct binding of ER-α to ERE and that the expressed B4GALT1 plays a crucial role in the proliferation of MCF-7 cells through its activity as a membrane receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jung Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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16
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Shinzaki S, Iijima H, Fujii H, Kuroki E, Tatsunaka N, Inoue T, Nakajima S, Egawa S, Kanto T, Tsujii M, Morii E, Takeishi S, Asano M, Takehara T, Hayashi N, Miyoshi E. Altered oligosaccharide structures reduce colitis induction in mice defective in β-1,4-galactosyltransferase. Gastroenterology 2012; 142:1172-82. [PMID: 22333949 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Oligosaccharide modifications induce various functional changes in immune cells. The galactose-deficient fraction of fucosylated IgG oligosaccharides is increased, whereas that of β-1,4-galactosyltransferase I (B4GalTI) is reduced, in patients with Crohn's disease. We investigated the role of oligosaccharide modification in the pathophysiology of colitis using B4galt1-deficient mice. METHODS Colitis severity was compared between B4galt1(+/-) and B4galt1(+/+) mice. B cells isolated from B4galt1(+/-) and B4galt1(+/+) mice were adoptively transferred to recombination activating gene 2(-/-) mice, in which colitis was induced by administration of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells. Cell-surface glycan profiles were determined by lectin microarray analysis. Cytokine production was determined in a coculture of various types of cells isolated from either B4galt1(+/-) or B4galt1(+/+) mice. RESULTS Colitis induction by dextran sodium sulfate or trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid was significantly reduced in B4galt1(+/-) mice, which had galactose deficiency in IgG oligosaccharides (similar to patients with Crohn's disease) compared with B4galt1(+/+) mice. Amelioration of colitis was associated with increased production of interleukin-10 by macrophages in B4galt1(+/-) mice. Colitis induction in recombination activating gene 2(-/-) mice by administration of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells was reduced by cotransfer of B cells isolated from B4galt1(+/-), but not from B4galt1(+/+) mice. Lectin microarray analysis revealed increased expression of polylactosamines on B4galt1(+/-) B cells and macrophages, compared with B4galt1(+/+) cells. The production of interleukin-10 from macrophages was induced via their direct interaction with B4galt1(+/-) B cells. CONCLUSIONS Altered oligosaccharide structures on immune cells modulate mucosal inflammation. Oligosaccharides in immune cells might be a therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Shinzaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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17
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18
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Sinha S, Pipes G, Topp EM, Bondarenko PV, Treuheit MJ, Gadgil HS. Comparison of LC and LC/MS methods for quantifying N-glycosylation in recombinant IgGs. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2008; 19:1643-1654. [PMID: 18707900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2008] [Revised: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography (LC) and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) methods with various sample preparation schemes were compared for their ability to identify and quantify glycoforms in two different production lots of a recombinant monoclonal IgG1 antibody. IgG1s contain a conserved N-glycosylation site in the fragment crystallizable (Fc) subunit. Six methods were compared: (1) LC/ESI-MS analysis of intact IgG, (2) LC/ESI-MS analysis of the Fc fragment produced by limited proteolysis with Lys-C, (3) LC/ESI-MS analysis of the IgG heavy chain produced by reduction, (4) LC/ESI-MS analysis of Fc/2 fragment produced by limited proteolysis and reduction, (5) LC/MS analysis of the glycosylated tryptic fragment (293EEQYNSTYR301) using extracted ion chromatograms, and (6) normal phase HPLC analysis of N-glycans cleaved from the IgG using PNGase F. The results suggest that MS quantitation based on the analysis of Fc/2 (4) is accurate and gives results that are comparable to normal phase HPLC analysis of N-glycans (6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandipan Sinha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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19
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Mestecky J, Novak J, Julian BA, Tomana M. Pathogenic potential of galactose-deficient IgA1 in IgA nephropathy. Nephrology (Carlton) 2008. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1797.7.s3.3.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Shinzaki S, Iijima H, Nakagawa T, Egawa S, Nakajima S, Ishii S, Irie T, Kakiuchi Y, Nishida T, Yasumaru M, Kanto T, Tsujii M, Tsuji S, Mizushima T, Yoshihara H, Kondo A, Miyoshi E, Hayashi N. IgG oligosaccharide alterations are a novel diagnostic marker for disease activity and the clinical course of inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103:1173-81. [PMID: 18177457 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01699.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) share several immunologic similarities with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients with RA have significantly increased levels of serum agalactosyl immunoglobulin G (IgG). Our aim was to investigate the clinical significance of analyzing the oligosaccharide structure of serum IgG in patients with IBD. METHODS Serum IgG oligosaccharide structures were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography in 60 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 58 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 27 healthy volunteers (HV), and 15 disease controls (DC). The activity and mRNA level of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (Beta4GalT) in antibody-secreting cells were investigated in these subjects. RESULTS The agalactosyl fraction of the fucosylated IgG oligosaccharides (G0F/G2F) in CD and UC was significantly greater than that in HV and DC (P < 0.001). The percentage of subjects with a high G0F/G2F in CD, UC, HV, and DC was 72%, 33%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. G0F/G2F, which is significantly correlated with disease severity in both CD and UC, had higher sensitivity to diagnose IBD compared with anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody. Moreover, G0F/G2F was significantly correlated with the prognosis of UC patients: patients with a high G0F/G2F did not maintain long-term remission. The activity and mRNA level of Beta4GalT were significantly elevated in UC but not in CD. CONCLUSIONS G0F/G2F is a potentially effective diagnostic marker of disease activity in both CD and UC, and of the clinical course in UC. A pathophysiologic difference between CD and UC was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Shinzaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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21
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Mestecky J, Tomana M, Moldoveanu Z, Julian BA, Suzuki H, Matousovic K, Renfrow MB, Novak L, Wyatt RJ, Novak J. Role of aberrant glycosylation of IgA1 molecules in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. Kidney Blood Press Res 2008; 31:29-37. [PMID: 18182777 DOI: 10.1159/000112922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of the properties of immune complexes (IC) in the circulation, urine, and mesangium of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients have provided data relevant to the pathogenesis of this disease. IC contain predominantly polymeric IgA1 molecules which are deficient in galactose (Gal) residues on O-linked glycan chains in the hinge region (HR) of their heavy (H) chains. As a result of this aberrancy, a novel antigenic determinant(s) involving N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) and perhaps sialic acid (SA) of O-linked glycans is generated and recognized by naturally occurring GalNAc-specific antibodies. Thus, IC in IgAN consist of Gal-deficient IgA1 molecules as an antigen, and GalNAc-specific IgG and/or IgA1 as an antibody. IgG antibodies to Gal-deficient IgA1 are probably induced by cross-reactive microbial antigens; they are present at variable levels not only in humans with or without IgAN but also in many phylogenetically diverse vertebrate species. Incubation of human mesangial cells with IC from sera of IgAN patients indicated that stimulation of cellular proliferative activity was restricted to the large (>800 kDa) complexes. These findings suggest that experimental approaches that prevent the formation of large Gal-deficient IgA1-IgG IC may be applied ultimately in an immunologically mediated therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mestecky
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2170, USA.
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22
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Moore JS, Wu X, Kulhavy R, Tomana M, Novak J, Moldoveanu Z, Brown R, Goepfert PA, Mestecky J. Increased levels of galactose-deficient IgG in sera of HIV-1-infected individuals. AIDS 2005; 19:381-9. [PMID: 15750391 DOI: 10.1097/01.aids.0000161767.21405.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The IgG from sera of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of autoimmune character or some chronic microbial infections is frequently deficient in galactose on N-linked glycans. However, this phenomenon has not been investigated at length in human viral infections. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the glycosylation of serum IgG in HIV-1-positive patients. METHODS Psathyrella velutina lectin was used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent and Western blot assays to determine glycosylation. In addition, gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were utilized to confirm the galactose deficiency observed in the lectin-binding assays. RESULTS HIV-1-infected individuals had significantly higher levels of galactose-deficient IgG than healthy controls. In fact, the galactose deficiency of the N-linked glycans observed in other diseases was even more profound in HIV-1 infection. This deficiency was primarily restricted to IgG when total serum glycoproteins were evaluated and IgG1 was the subclass most affected in all patients. Also, a significant increase in lectin binding was observed on IgG2 and IgG4 from HIV-1-positive females compared with HIV-1-negative females. CONCLUSIONS Identification of deficient galactosylation of serum IgG from HIV-1-infected patients extended the spectrum of diseases in which this phenomenon has been observed. In addition, the results suggest yet another aspect of immune dysfunction as a result of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Moore
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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Alavi A, Pool AJ, Axford JS. New Insights into Rheumatoid Arthritis Associated Glycosylation Changes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2005; 564:129-38. [PMID: 16400819 DOI: 10.1007/0-387-25515-x_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azita Alavi
- Biochemistry and Immunology, Academic Unit for Musculoskeletal Disease, St Georges Hospital Med School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
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24
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Alavi A, Axford J. Glycobiology of the rheumatic diseases: an update. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2004; 535:271-80. [PMID: 14714902 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0065-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Azita Alavi
- Academic Unit for Musculoskeletal Diseases, St George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 ORE, UK
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25
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MESTECKY J, NOVAK J, JULIAN BA, TOMANA M. Pathogenic potential of galactose-deficient IgA1 in IgA nephropathy. Nephrology (Carlton) 2002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2002.tb00517.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Novak J, Julian BA, Tomana M, Mesteck J. Progress in molecular and genetic studies of IgA nephropathy. J Clin Immunol 2001; 21:310-27. [PMID: 11720004 DOI: 10.1023/a:1012284402054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Several new findings emerged recently from biochemical, genetic, and molecular studies of patients with IgA nephropathy. It appears that immunoglobulin A1-secreting cells of IgA nephropathy patients produce increased amounts of aberrantly glycosylated IgA1 in which the O-linked glycans in the hinge region are deficient in the content of galactose. The galactose-deficient IgA1 in the circulation is recognized by naturally occurring antibodies with anti-glycan specificity, and immune complexes are formed. These circulating immune complexes escape hepatic degradation and eventually are deposited in the kidney mesangium. Resident mesangial cells bind the IgA-containing immune complexes with the involvement of a novel IgA receptor and become activated. A familial form of IgA nephropathy has been linked to chromosome 6q22-23. Recent progress in molecular analyses of IgA nephropathy thus defines this disease as an autoimmune process with a novel IgA mesangial receptor and certain genetically determined traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA.
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Fukuta K, Abe R, Yokomatsu T, Kono N, Nagatomi Y, Asanagi M, Shimazaki Y, Makino T. Comparative study of the N-glycans of human monoclonal immunoglobulins M produced by hybridoma and parental cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2000; 378:142-50. [PMID: 10871054 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.2000.1806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell hybridization is one method of establishing cell lines capable of producing an abundance of antibodies. In order to clearly characterize antibodies produced by hybridomas, the influence of cell-cell hybridization on the glycosylation of produced antibodies should be studied. In this report, we describe structural changes of the N-glycans in immunoglobulin M (IgM) produced by a hybridoma cell line termed 3-4, which was established through hybridization of an IgM-producing Epstein-Barr virus transformed human B-cell line termed No. 12, and a human myeloma cell line termed P109. We analyzed the structures of sugar chains on the constant region of the mu-chain of IgMs produced by parental No. 12 cells and hybridoma 3-4 cells. In both parental cells and hybridoma cells, the predominant structures at Asn171, Asn332, and N395 were fully galactosylated biantennary complex types, with or without core fucose and/or bisecting GlcNAc. However, the amount of bisecting GlcNAc was markedly decreased in the hybridoma cells. Therefore, the activity of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:beta-D-mannoside beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GnT-III) responsible for the formation of bisecting GlcNAc was measured in parental cells and hybridoma cells. No. 12 cells showed some GnT-III activity, whereas P109 cells showed no such activity. The corresponding level of activity observed in hybridoma 3-4 cells was much lower than that in No. 12 cells. The above results demonstrated a reduction in the intracellular activity of GnT-III in the hybridoma cells, which was largely due to the influence of P109 cells. Moreover, the sugar chain structures of IgMs produced by the cells reflected the level of GnT-III activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fukuta
- Life Science Laboratory, Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Mobara, Chiba, Japan.
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Keusch J, Lydyard PM, Berger EG, Delves PJ. B lymphocyte galactosyltransferase protein levels in normal individuals and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Glycoconj J 1998; 15:1093-7. [PMID: 10386894 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006957711557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We have quantified the level of beta4-galactosyltransferase protein in human B lymphocytes using an ELISA-based assay. Between 1-10ng of beta4-galactosyltransferase was detected per mg total cellular protein, indicating that this enzyme constitutes <0.001% of B lymphocyte cellular protein. Akin to previous studies, individuals with rheumatoid arthritis exhibited reduced lymphocytic galactosyltransferase enzyme activity compared with normal controls when using ovalbumin as the acceptor substrate. The levels of enzyme protein present in B lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis was, however, not reduced suggesting that the B lymphocyte galactosyltransferase catalytic activity may be regulated post-translationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Keusch
- Department of Immunology, University College London, UK
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