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Molecular Basis of Essentiality of Early Critical Steps in the Lipopolysaccharide Biogenesis in Escherichia coli K-12: Requirement of MsbA, Cardiolipin, LpxL, LpxM and GcvB. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105099. [PMID: 34065855 PMCID: PMC8151780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify the physiological factors that limit the growth of Escherichia coli K-12 strains synthesizing minimal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we describe the first construction of strains devoid of the entire waa locus and concomitantly lacking all three acyltransferases (LpxL/LpxM/LpxP), synthesizing minimal lipid IVA derivatives with a restricted ability to grow at around 21 °C. Suppressors restoring growth up to 37 °C of Δ(gmhD-waaA) identified two independent single-amino-acid substitutions—P50S and R310S—in the LPS flippase MsbA. Interestingly, the cardiolipin synthase-encoding gene clsA was found to be essential for the growth of ΔlpxLMP, ΔlpxL, ΔwaaA, and Δ(gmhD-waaA) bacteria, with a conditional lethal phenotype of Δ(clsA lpxM), which could be overcome by suppressor mutations in MsbA. Suppressor mutations basS A20D or basR G53V, causing a constitutive incorporation of phosphoethanolamine (P-EtN) in the lipid A, could abolish the Ca++ sensitivity of Δ(waaC eptB), thereby compensating for P-EtN absence on the second Kdo. A single-amino-acid OppA S273G substitution is shown to overcome the synthetic lethality of Δ(waaC surA) bacteria, consistent with the chaperone-like function of the OppA oligopeptide-binding protein. Furthermore, overexpression of GcvB sRNA was found to repress the accumulation of LpxC and suppress the lethality of LapAB absence. Thus, this study identifies new and limiting factors in regulating LPS biosynthesis.
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Agostino M. Comprehensive analysis of carbohydrate-protein recognition in the Protein Data Bank. Carbohydr Res 2020; 498:108180. [PMID: 33096507 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-protein interactions underpin wide-ranging aspects of biology. However, such interactions remain relatively unexplored in pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications, in part due to the challenges associated with their structural characterisation, both experimentally and computationally. Knowledge-based approaches have shown great success in the prediction of drug-protein and protein-protein interactions, although have not been comprehensively investigated for carbohydrate-protein interactions. In this work, carbohydrate-protein complexes from the Protein Data Bank were comprehensively obtained and analysed to identify patterns in how carbohydrate-protein interactions are mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Agostino
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute and Curtin Institute for Computation, Bentley, Australia.
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3
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Haji-Ghassemi O, Müller-Loennies S, Brooks CL, MacKenzie CR, Caveney N, Van Petegem F, Brade L, Kosma P, Brade H, Evans SV. Subtle Changes in the Combining Site of the Chlamydiaceae-Specific mAb S25-23 Increase the Antibody-Carbohydrate Binding Affinity by an Order of Magnitude. Biochemistry 2019; 58:714-726. [PMID: 30571096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Murine antibodies S25-23, S25-26, and S25-5 derive from a common germ-line origin, and all bind the Chlamydiaceae family-specific epitope αKdo(2→8)αKdo(2→4)αKdo (where Kdo is 3-deoxy-α-d- manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid) with high affinity and specificity. These antibodies recognize the entire trisaccharide antigen in a linkage-dependent manner via a groove composed largely of germ-line residues. Despite sharing identical heavy and light chain genes, S25-23 binds the family-specific epitope with nanomolar affinity, which is an order of magnitude higher than that of S25-26, while S25-5 displays an affinity between those of S25-23 and S25-26. We determined the high-resolution crystal structures of S25-23 and S25-5 antigen binding fragments in complex with a pentasaccharide derived from the LPS of Chlamydia and measured the affinity of S25-5 for chlamydial LPS antigens using isothermal titration microcalorimetry. The 1.75 Å resolution structure of S25-23 shows how subtle conservative mutations Arg(L)-27E to lysine and Ser(H)-56 to threonine lead to an order of magnitude increase in affinity. Importantly, comparison between previous S25-26 structures and the 1.99 and 2.05 Å resolution liganded and unliganded structures of S25-5, respectively, shows how a Ser(L)-27E mutation results in an intermediate affinity due to the reduced enthalpic penalty associated with complex formation that would otherwise be required for arginine in this position. This strategy allows for subtle adjustments in the combining site via affinity maturation that have dramatic consequences for the affinity of an antibody for its antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Haji-Ghassemi
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Victoria , P.O. Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria , British Columbia , Canada V8P 3P6
| | - Sven Müller-Loennies
- Research Center Borstel , Leibniz Lung Center , Parkallee 22 , Borstel D-23845 , Germany
| | - Cory L Brooks
- Department of Chemistry , Fresno State University , 2555 East San Ramon Avenue, MS SB70 , Fresno , California 93740 , United States
| | - C Roger MacKenzie
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio , National Research Council Canada , 100 Sussex Drive , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Nathanael Caveney
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Victoria , P.O. Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria , British Columbia , Canada V8P 3P6
| | - Filip Van Petegem
- Department of Chemistry , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , A-1190 Vienna , Austria
| | - Lore Brade
- Research Center Borstel , Leibniz Lung Center , Parkallee 22 , Borstel D-23845 , Germany
| | - Paul Kosma
- Department of Chemistry , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , A-1190 Vienna , Austria
| | - Helmut Brade
- Research Center Borstel , Leibniz Lung Center , Parkallee 22 , Borstel D-23845 , Germany
| | - Stephen V Evans
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Victoria , P.O. Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria , British Columbia , Canada V8P 3P6
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Zhou XY, Yang P, Luo S, Yang JS. Divergent Synthesis of 3-Deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic Acid (Kdo) Glycosides Containing α-(2→4)-Linked Kdo-Kdo Unit. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:454-461. [PMID: 30516348 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A convenient and divergent approach was developed to prepare diverse bacterial 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) oligosaccharides containing a Kdo-α-(2→4)-Kdo fragment. The orthogonal protected α-(2→4) linked Kdo-Kdo disaccharide 3, serving as a common precursor, was divergently transformed into the corresponding 8-, 8'-, and 4'-hydroxy disaccharides 5, 7, and 14, respectively. Then, these alcohols were glycosylated, respectively, with the 5,7-O-di-tert-butylsilylene (DTBS) protected Kdo thioglycoside donors 1 or 2 in an α-stereoselective and high-yielding manner to afford a range of Kdo oligosaccharides. Finally, removal of all protecting groups of the newly formed glycosides resulted in the desired free Kdo oligomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drugs and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Pan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drugs and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drugs and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Song Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drugs and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
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5
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Haji-Ghassemi O, Müller-Loennies S, Rodriguez T, Brade L, Grimmecke HD, Brade H, Evans SV. The Combining Sites of Anti-lipid A Antibodies Reveal a Widely Utilized Motif Specific for Negatively Charged Groups. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:10104-18. [PMID: 26933033 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.712448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide dispersed in the blood by Gram-negative bacteria can be a potent inducer of septic shock. One research focus has been based on antibody sequestration of lipid A (the endotoxic principle of LPS); however, none have been successfully developed into a clinical treatment. Comparison of a panel of anti-lipid A antibodies reveals highly specific antibodies produced through distinct germ line precursors. The structures of antigen-binding fragments for two homologous mAbs specific for lipid A, S55-3 and S55-5, have been determined both in complex with lipid A disaccharide backbone and unliganded. These high resolution structures reveal a conserved positively charged pocket formed within the complementarity determining region H2 loops that binds the terminal phosphates of lipid A. Significantly, this motif occurs in unrelated antibodies where it mediates binding to negatively charged moieties through a range of epitopes, including phosphorylated peptides used in diagnostics and therapeutics. S55-3 and S55-5 have combining sites distinct from anti-lipid A antibodies previously described (as a result of their separate germ line origin), which are nevertheless complementary both in shape and charge to the antigen. S55-3 and S55-5 display similar avidity toward lipid A despite possessing a number of different amino acid residues in their combining sites. Binding of lipid A occurs independent of the acyl chains, although the GlcN-O6 attachment point for the core oligosaccharide is buried in the combining site, which explains their inability to recognize LPS. Despite their lack of therapeutic potential, the observed motif may have significant immunological implications as a tool for engineering recombinant antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Haji-Ghassemi
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 3P6, Canada and
| | - Sven Müller-Loennies
- the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 22, Borstel D-23845, Germany
| | - Teresa Rodriguez
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 3P6, Canada and
| | - Lore Brade
- the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 22, Borstel D-23845, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Grimmecke
- the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 22, Borstel D-23845, Germany
| | - Helmut Brade
- the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 22, Borstel D-23845, Germany
| | - Stephen V Evans
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 3P6, Canada and
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6
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Pradhan TK, Mong KKT. Glycosylation Chemistry of 3-Deoxy-D-manno-Oct-2-ulosonic Acid (Kdo) Donors. Isr J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201400145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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7
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Haji-Ghassemi O, Müller-Loennies S, Saldova R, Muniyappa M, Brade L, Rudd PM, Harvey DJ, Kosma P, Brade H, Evans SV. Groove-type recognition of chlamydiaceae-specific lipopolysaccharide antigen by a family of antibodies possessing an unusual variable heavy chain N-linked glycan. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:16644-61. [PMID: 24682362 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.528224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of the antigen binding fragment of mAb S25-26, determined to 1.95 Å resolution in complex with the Chlamydiaceae family-specific trisaccharide antigen Kdo(2→8)Kdo(2→4)Kdo (Kdo = 3-deoxy-α-d-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid), displays a germ-line-coded paratope that differs significantly from previously characterized Chlamydiaceae-specific mAbs despite being raised against the identical immunogen. Unlike the terminal Kdo recognition pocket that promotes cross-reactivity in S25-2-type antibodies, S25-26 and the closely related S25-23 utilize a groove composed of germ-line residues to recognize the entire trisaccharide antigen and so confer strict specificity. Interest in S25-23 was sparked by its rare high μm affinity and strict specificity for the family-specific trisaccharide antigen; however, only the related antibody S25-26 proved amenable to crystallization. The structures of three unliganded forms of S25-26 have a labile complementary-determining region H3 adjacent to significant glycosylation of the variable heavy chain on asparagine 85 in Framework Region 3. Analysis of the glycan reveals a heterogeneous mixture with a common root structure that contains an unusually high number of terminal αGal-Gal moieties. One of the few reported structures of glycosylated mAbs containing these epitopes is the therapeutic antibody Cetuximab; however, unlike Cetuximab, one of the unliganded structures in S25-26 shows significant order in the glycan with appropriate electron density for nine residues. The elucidation of the three-dimensional structure of an αGal-containing N-linked glycan on a mAb variable heavy chain has potential clinical interest, as it has been implicated in allergic response in patients receiving therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Haji-Ghassemi
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 3P6, Canada
| | - Sven Müller-Loennies
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 22, Borstel D-23845, Germany,
| | - Radka Saldova
- GlycoScience Group, the National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT), Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mohankumar Muniyappa
- GlycoScience Group, the National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT), Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lore Brade
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 22, Borstel D-23845, Germany
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- GlycoScience Group, the National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT), Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David J Harvey
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Kosma
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria, and
| | - Helmut Brade
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 22, Borstel D-23845, Germany
| | - Stephen V Evans
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 3P6, Canada,
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8
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Lodowska J, Wolny D, Węglarz L. The sugar 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) as a characteristic component of bacterial endotoxin — a review of its biosynthesis, function, and placement in the lipopolysaccharide core. Can J Microbiol 2013; 59:645-55. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2013-0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The sugar 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) is a characteristic component of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin). It connects the carbohydrate part of LPS with C6 of glucosamine or 2,3-diaminoglucose of lipid A by acid-labile α-ketosidic linkage. The number of Kdo units present in LPS, the way they are connected, and the occurrence of other substituents (P, PEtn, PPEtn, Gal, or β-l-Ara4N) account for structural diversity of the inner core region of endotoxin. In a majority of cases, Kdo is crucial to the viability and growth of bacterial cells. In this paper, the biosynthesis of Kdo and the mechanism of its incorporation into the LPS structure, as well as the location of this unique component in the endotoxin core structures, have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Lodowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Narcyzow 1 Street, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Daniel Wolny
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Narcyzow 1 St., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Ludmiła Węglarz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Narcyzow 1 Street, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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9
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Immunoglobulin gene repertoire in ocular adnexal lymphomas: hints on the nature of the antigenic stimulation. Leukemia 2011; 26:814-21. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Evans DW, Muller-Loennies S, Brooks CL, Brade L, Kosma P, Brade H, Evans SV. Structural insights into parallel strategies for germline antibody recognition of lipopolysaccharide from Chlamydia. Glycobiology 2011; 21:1049-59. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Blackler RJ, Müller-Loennies S, Brooks CL, Evans DW, Brade L, Kosma P, Brade H, Evans SV. A Common NH53K Mutation in the Combining Site of Antibodies Raised against Chlamydial LPS Glycoconjugates Significantly Increases Avidity. Biochemistry 2011; 50:3357-68. [DOI: 10.1021/bi101886v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Blackler
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 3P6, Canada
| | - Sven Müller-Loennies
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 22, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Cory L. Brooks
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 3P6, Canada
| | - Dylan W. Evans
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 3P6, Canada
| | - Lore Brade
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 22, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Paul Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Brade
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 22, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Stephen V. Evans
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 3P6, Canada
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12
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Brooks CL, Müller-Loennies S, Borisova SN, Brade L, Kosma P, Hirama T, Mackenzie CR, Brade H, Evans SV. Antibodies raised against chlamydial lipopolysaccharide antigens reveal convergence in germline gene usage and differential epitope recognition. Biochemistry 2010; 49:570-81. [PMID: 20000757 DOI: 10.1021/bi9011308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The structures of antigen-binding fragments from two related monoclonal antibodies have been determined to high resolution in the presence of several carbohydrate antigens raised against chlamydial lipopolysaccharide. With the exception of CDR H3, antibodies S54-10 and S73-2 are both derived from the same set of germline gene segments as the previously reported structures S25-2 and S45-18. Despite this similarity, the antibodies differ in specificity and the mechanism by which they recognize their cognate antigen. S54-10 uses an unrelated CDR H3 to recognize its antigen in a fashion analogous to S45-18; however, S73-2 recognizes the same antigen as S45-18 and S54-10 in a wholly unrelated manner. Together, these antibody-antigen structures provide snapshots into how the immune system uses the same set of inherited germline gene segments to generate multiple possible specificities that allow for differential recognition of epitopes and how unrelated CDR H3 sequences can result in convergent binding of clinically relevant bacterial antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory L Brooks
- University of Victoria, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, PO Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada V8P 3P6
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13
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Synthesis of a neoglycoconjugate containing a Chlamydophila psittaci-specific branched Kdo trisaccharide epitope. Carbohydr Res 2009; 345:704-8. [PMID: 20116048 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The branched Kdo trisaccharide sodium (3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosyl)onate-(2-->8)-[sodium (3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosyl)onate-(2-->4)]-sodium (allyl 3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosid)onate has been prepared utilizing the regioselective glycosylation of the C-7, C-8 diol entity of a Kdo monosaccharide acceptor with a Kdo bromide donor followed by the attachment of the third Kdo unit to O-4 of the disaccharide intermediate. Deacetylation and hydrolysis of the methyl ester groups furnished the trisaccharide allyl glycoside which was converted into the corresponding 3-(2-aminoethylthio)propyl glycoside. Subsequent covalent attachment to bovine serum albumin furnished a neoglycoconjugate serving as an antigen for the induction of Chlamydophila psittaci-specific monoclonal antibodies.
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14
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Gerstenbruch S, Brooks CL, Kosma P, Brade L, Mackenzie CR, Evans SV, Brade H, Müller-Loennies S. Analysis of cross-reactive and specific anti-carbohydrate antibodies against lipopolysaccharide from Chlamydophila psittaci. Glycobiology 2009; 20:461-72. [PMID: 20022906 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydiae contain a rough-type lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of 3-deoxy-alpha-d-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid residues (Kdo). Two Kdo trisaccharides, 2.8/2.4- and 2.4/2.4-linked, and a branched 2.4[2.8]2.4-linked Kdo tetrasaccharide occur in Chlamydiaceae. While the 2.8/2.4-linked trisaccharide contains a family-specific epitope, the branched Kdo oligosaccharide occurs only in Chlamydophila psittaci and antibodies against it will be useful in human and veterinarian diagnostics. To overcome the generation of cross-reactive antibodies that bind with high affinity to a dominant epitope formed by 2.4/2.4-linked Kdo, we immunized mice with a synthetic 2.4[2.8]-linked branched Kdo trisaccharide and used phage display of scFv to isolate recombinant antibody fragments (NH2240-31 and SAG506-01) that recognize the branched Kdo oligosaccharide with a K(D) of less than 10 nM. Importantly, although these antibodies used germline genes coding for an inherited Kdo recognition site, they were able clearly to distinguish between 2.4[2.8]2.4- and 2.4/2.4-linked Kdo. Sequence determination, binding data, and X-ray structural analysis revealed the basis for the improved discrimination between similar Kdo ligands and indicated that the alteration of a stacking interaction from a phenylalanine residue in the center of the combining site to a tyrosine residue facing away from the center favors recognition of branched 2.4[2.8]2.4-linked Kdo residues. Immunofluorescence tests of infected cell monolayers using this antibody show specific staining of C. psittaci elementary bodies that allow it to be distinguished from other pathogenic chlamydiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gerstenbruch
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 22, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
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15
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Gronow S, Xia G, Brade H. Glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of the inner core region of different lipopolysaccharides. Eur J Cell Biol 2009; 89:3-10. [PMID: 19900730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The inner core of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structures in Gram-negative bacteria is considered a highly conserved region. The sugar connecting the membrane-associated lipid A moiety with the hydrophilic saccharide moiety, 3-deoxy-alpha-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) is present in every LPS molecule investigated but it may be partially replaced by d-glycero-alpha-d-talo-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Ko). l-Glycero-alpha-d-manno-heptose (Hep) and phosphate residues are part of most but not all LPS structures and additionally, modifications with 4-amino-4-deoxy-beta-l-arabinose (Ara4N) residues occur in some. A number of different glycosyltransferases is involved in the biosynthesis of the inner core region of different lipopolysaccharides. Here, we report the characterization of Kdo transferases, heptosyltransferases and Ara4N transferases from a variety of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Gronow
- Division of Medical and Biochemical Microbiology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany.
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16
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Brooks CL, Blackler RJ, Sixta G, Kosma P, Müller-Loennies S, Brade L, Hirama T, MacKenzie CR, Brade H, Evans SV. The role of CDR H3 in antibody recognition of a synthetic analog of a lipopolysaccharide antigen. Glycobiology 2009; 20:138-47. [PMID: 19767317 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to explore the structural basis for adaptability in near germline monoclonal antibodies (mAb), we have examined the specificity of the promiscuous mAb S67-27 to both naturally derived carbohydrate antigens and a variety of synthetic nonnatural antigens based on the bacterial lipopolysaccharide component 3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo). One such analog, a 7-O-methyl (7-O-Me) Kdo disaccharide, was found to bind to the antibody with at least 30-fold higher affinity than any other antigen tested. The structure of S67-27 in complex with this analog and three other naturally occurring Kdo antigens revealed that the enhanced affinity of the mAb for the synthetic analog was accomplished by the strategic positioning of CDR H3 away from a conserved Kdo binding pocket that allowed the formation of new antibody-antigen contacts. Furthermore, the comparison of this structure with the structures of related mAbs revealed how the position and structure of CDR H3 influence the specificity or promiscuity of near-germline carbohydrate-recognizing antibodies by altering the architecture of the combining site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory L Brooks
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 3P6, Canada
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Sixta G, Wimmer K, Hofinger A, Brade H, Kosma P. Synthesis and antigenic properties of C-7-modified Kdo mono- and disaccharide ligands and Kdo disaccharide interresidue lactones. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:1660-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Klein G, Lindner B, Brabetz W, Brade H, Raina S. Escherichia coli K-12 Suppressor-free Mutants Lacking Early Glycosyltransferases and Late Acyltransferases: minimal lipopolysaccharide structure and induction of envelope stress response. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:15369-89. [PMID: 19346244 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m900490200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the minimal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure needed for the viability of Escherichia coli, suppressor-free strains lacking either the 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid transferase waaA gene or derivatives of the heptosyltransferase I waaC deletion with lack of one or all late acyltransferases (lpxL/M/P) and/or various outer membrane biogenesis factors were constructed. Delta(waaC lpxL lpxM lpxP) and waaA mutants exhibited highly attenuated growth, whereas simultaneous deletion of waaC and surA was lethal. Analyses of LPS of suppressor-free waaA mutants grown at 21 degrees C, besides showing accumulation of free lipid IV(A) precursor, also revealed the presence of its pentaacylated and hexaacylated derivatives, indicating in vivo late acylation can occur without Kdo. In contrast, LPS of Delta(waaC lpxL lpxM lpxP) strains showed primarily Kdo(2)-lipid IV(A), indicating that these minimal LPS structures are sufficient to support growth of E. coli under slow-growth conditions at 21/23 degrees C. These lipid IV(A) derivatives could be modified biosynthetically by phosphoethanolamine, but not by 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose, indicating export defects of such minimal LPS. DeltawaaA and Delta(waaC lpxL lpxM lpxP) exhibited cell-division defects with a decrease in the levels of FtsZ and OMP-folding factor PpiD. These mutations led to strong constitutive additive induction of envelope responsive CpxR/A and sigma(E) signal transduction pathways. Delta(lpxL lpxM lpxP) mutant, with intact waaC, synthesized tetraacylated lipid A and constitutively incorporated a third Kdo in growth medium inducing synthesis of P-EtN and l-Ara4N. Overexpression of msbA restored growth of Delta(lpxL lpxM lpxP) under fast-growing conditions, but only partially that of the Delta(waaC lpxL lpxM lpxP) mutant. This suppression could be alleviated by overexpression of certain mutant msbA alleles or the single-copy chromosomal MsbA-498V variant in the vicinity of Walker-box II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracjana Klein
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 22, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
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Hanuszkiewicz A, Hübner G, Vinogradov E, Lindner B, Brade L, Brade H, Debarry J, Heine H, Holst O. Structural and Immunochemical Analysis of the Lipopolysaccharide fromAcinetobacter lwoffii F78 Located OutsideChlamydiaceaewith aChlamydia-Specific Lipopolysaccharide Epitope. Chemistry 2008; 14:10251-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Collot M, Sendid B, Fievez A, Savaux C, Standaert-Vitse A, Tabouret M, Drucbert AS, Marie Danzé P, Poulain D, Mallet JM. Biotin Sulfone as a New Tool for Synthetic Oligosaccharide Immobilization: Application to Multiple Analysis Profiling and Surface Plasmonic Analysis of Anti-Candida albicans Antibody Reactivity against α and β (1→2) Oligomannosides. J Med Chem 2008; 51:6201-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jm800099g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayeul Collot
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR CNRS 8642, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France, Unité Inserm 799, Physiopathologie des Candidoses, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Recherche, CHRU, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France, Bio-Rad, Route de Cassel, 59114 Steenvoorde, France, Plateforme d’Etude des Interactions Moléculaires, IMPRT, IFR114, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Recherche, CHRU, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Boualem Sendid
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR CNRS 8642, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France, Unité Inserm 799, Physiopathologie des Candidoses, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Recherche, CHRU, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France, Bio-Rad, Route de Cassel, 59114 Steenvoorde, France, Plateforme d’Etude des Interactions Moléculaires, IMPRT, IFR114, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Recherche, CHRU, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Aurélie Fievez
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR CNRS 8642, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France, Unité Inserm 799, Physiopathologie des Candidoses, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Recherche, CHRU, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France, Bio-Rad, Route de Cassel, 59114 Steenvoorde, France, Plateforme d’Etude des Interactions Moléculaires, IMPRT, IFR114, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Recherche, CHRU, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Camille Savaux
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR CNRS 8642, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France, Unité Inserm 799, Physiopathologie des Candidoses, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Recherche, CHRU, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France, Bio-Rad, Route de Cassel, 59114 Steenvoorde, France, Plateforme d’Etude des Interactions Moléculaires, IMPRT, IFR114, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Recherche, CHRU, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Annie Standaert-Vitse
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR CNRS 8642, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France, Unité Inserm 799, Physiopathologie des Candidoses, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Recherche, CHRU, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France, Bio-Rad, Route de Cassel, 59114 Steenvoorde, France, Plateforme d’Etude des Interactions Moléculaires, IMPRT, IFR114, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Recherche, CHRU, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Marc Tabouret
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR CNRS 8642, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France, Unité Inserm 799, Physiopathologie des Candidoses, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Recherche, CHRU, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France, Bio-Rad, Route de Cassel, 59114 Steenvoorde, France, Plateforme d’Etude des Interactions Moléculaires, IMPRT, IFR114, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Recherche, CHRU, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Anne Sophie Drucbert
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR CNRS 8642, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France, Unité Inserm 799, Physiopathologie des Candidoses, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Recherche, CHRU, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France, Bio-Rad, Route de Cassel, 59114 Steenvoorde, France, Plateforme d’Etude des Interactions Moléculaires, IMPRT, IFR114, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Recherche, CHRU, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Marie Danzé
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR CNRS 8642, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France, Unité Inserm 799, Physiopathologie des Candidoses, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Recherche, CHRU, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France, Bio-Rad, Route de Cassel, 59114 Steenvoorde, France, Plateforme d’Etude des Interactions Moléculaires, IMPRT, IFR114, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Recherche, CHRU, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Poulain
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR CNRS 8642, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France, Unité Inserm 799, Physiopathologie des Candidoses, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Recherche, CHRU, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France, Bio-Rad, Route de Cassel, 59114 Steenvoorde, France, Plateforme d’Etude des Interactions Moléculaires, IMPRT, IFR114, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Recherche, CHRU, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Maurice Mallet
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR CNRS 8642, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France, Unité Inserm 799, Physiopathologie des Candidoses, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Recherche, CHRU, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France, Bio-Rad, Route de Cassel, 59114 Steenvoorde, France, Plateforme d’Etude des Interactions Moléculaires, IMPRT, IFR114, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Recherche, CHRU, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
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Rapaka RR, Goetzman ES, Zheng M, Vockley J, McKinley L, Kolls JK, Steele C. Enhanced defense against Pneumocystis carinii mediated by a novel dectin-1 receptor Fc fusion protein. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:3702-12. [PMID: 17339468 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.6.3702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pneumocystis carinii (PC) pneumonia is a leading opportunistic infection found among HIV-infected individuals worldwide. Although CD4(+) T cell deficiency clearly correlates with susceptibility to PC pneumonia, murine models of disease indicate that PC-directed Abs may prevent infection and/or inhibit growth of existing PC within the lungs. Recognition of PC by alveolar macrophages involves the beta-glucan receptor Dectin-1 and macrophage effector function against PC is enhanced by Abs derived from PC-vaccinated hosts. We developed a fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of Dectin-1 linked to the Fc portion of murine IgG1, which we hypothesized would enhance host recognition and opsonic phagocytosis of PC. The recombinant protein, Dectin-Fc, is dimeric and the Ag recognition site identifies beta-1,3 glucan linkages specifically and with high affinity (K(D) = 2.03 x 10(-7) M). Dectin-Fc enhances RAW264.7 macrophage recognition of the beta-glucan containing particulate zymosan in an FcgammaRII- and FcgammaRIII-dependent manner and preopsonization of PC organisms with Dectin-Fc increased alveolar and peritoneal macrophage-dependent killing of PC. SCID mice treated with a replication incompetent adenoviral vector expressing Dectin-Fc had attenuated growth of PC within the lungs, overall decreased PC lung burden, and diminished correlates of PC-related lung damage relative to SCID mice receiving a control vector. These findings demonstrate that targeting PC beta-glucan with Dectin-Fc enhances host recognition and clearance of PC in the absence of B and T cells, and suggest that FcgammaR-based targeting of PC, via cell wall carbohydrate recognition, may promote resistance against PC pneumonia in the immunodeficient host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha R Rapaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Rich RL, Myszka DG. Survey of the year 2006 commercial optical biosensor literature. J Mol Recognit 2007; 20:300-66. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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