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Bonab MKF, Guo Z, Li Q. Glycosphingolipids: from metabolism to chemoenzymatic total synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:6665-6683. [PMID: 39120686 PMCID: PMC11341264 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00695j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
GSLs are the major glycolipids in vertebrates and mediate many key biological processes from intercellular recognition to cis regulation of signal transduction. The fast-expanding field of glycobiology has led to a growing demand for diverse and structurally defined GSLs, and enzymatic GSL synthesis is developing rapidly in accordance. This article provides an overview of natural GSL biosynthetic pathways and surveys the bacterial enzymes applied to GSL synthesis and recent progress in synthesis strategies. By correlating these three areas, this article aims to define the gaps between GSL biosynthesis and chemoenzymatic synthesis and evaluate the opportunities for harnessing natural forces to access GSLs efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra K F Bonab
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA.
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Qingjiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA.
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2
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Yang X, Mishra B, Yu H, Wei Y, Chen X. A bifunctional Pasteurella multocida β1-3-galactosyl/ N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (PmNatB) for the highly efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of disaccharides. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:6004-6015. [PMID: 38993172 PMCID: PMC11290465 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00889h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases are nature's key biocatalysts for the formation of glycosidic bonds. Discovery and characterization of new synthetically useful glycosyltransferases are critical for the development of efficient enzymatic and chemoenzymatic strategies for producing complex carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. Herein we report the identification of Pasteurella multocida PmNatB as a bifunctional single-catalytic-domain glycosyltransferase with both β1-3-galactosyltransferase and β1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activities. It is a novel glycosyltransferase for constructing structurally diverse GalNAcβ3Galα/βOR and Galβ3GalNAcα/βOR disaccharides in one-pot multienzyme systems with in situ generation of UDP-sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA.
| | - Bijoyananda Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA.
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA.
| | - Yijun Wei
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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3
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Wu Y, Sun Y, Pei C, Peng X, Liu X, Qian EW, Du Y, Li JJ. Automated chemoenzymatic modular synthesis of human milk oligosaccharides on a digital microfluidic platform. RSC Adv 2024; 14:17397-17405. [PMID: 38813121 PMCID: PMC11134329 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01395f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycans, along with proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, constitute the four fundamental classes of biomacromolecules found in living organisms. Generally, glycans are attached to proteins or lipids to form glycoconjugates that perform critical roles in various biological processes. Automatic synthesis of glycans is essential for investigation into structure-function relationships of glycans. In this study, we presented a method that integrated magnetic bead-based manipulation and modular chemoenzymatic synthesis of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), on a DMF (Digital Microfluidics) platform. On the DMF platform, enzymatic modular reactions were conducted in solution, and purification of products or intermediates was achieved by using DEAE magnetic beads, circumventing the intricate steps required for traditional solid-phase synthesis. With this approach, we have successfully synthesized eleven HMOs with highest yields of up to >90% on the DMF platform. This study would not only lay the foundation for OPME synthesis of glycans on the DMF platform, but also set the stage for developing automated enzymatic glycan synthesizers based on the DMF platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yunze Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Caixia Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Nakacho 2-24-16, Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Xinlv Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xianming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Eika W Qian
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Nakacho 2-24-16, Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Yuguang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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4
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Jin X, Cheng H, Chen X, Cao X, Xiao C, Ding F, Qu H, Wang PG, Feng Y, Yang GY. A modular chemoenzymatic cascade strategy for the structure-customized assembly of ganglioside analogs. Commun Chem 2024; 7:17. [PMID: 38238524 PMCID: PMC10796935 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides play vital biological regulatory roles and are associated with neurological system diseases, malignancies, and immune deficiencies. They have received extensive attention in developing targeted drugs and diagnostic markers. However, it is difficult to obtain enough structurally defined gangliosides and analogs especially at an industrial-relevant scale, which prevent exploring structure-activity relationships and identifying drug ingredients. Here, we report a highly modular chemoenzymatic cascade assembly (MOCECA) strategy for customized and large-scale synthesis of ganglioside analogs with various glycan and ceramide epitopes. We typically accessed five gangliosides with therapeutic promising and systematically prepared ten GM1 analogs with diverse ceramides. Through further process amplification, we achieved industrial production of ganglioside GM1 in the form of modular assembly at hectogram scale. Using MOCECA-synthesized GM1 analogs, we found unique ceramide modifications on GM1 could enhance the ability to promote neurite outgrowth. By comparing the structures with synthetic analogs, we further resolved the problem of contradicting descriptions for GM1 components in different pharmaceutical documents by reinterpreting the exact two-component structures of commercialized GM1 drugs. Because of its applicability and stability, the MOCECA strategy can be extended to prepare other glycosphingolipid structures, which may pave the way for developing new glycolipid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Hanchao Cheng
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Cao
- Glycogene LLC, 10th Floor, Building 3, Wuhan Precision Medicine Industrial Base, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Xiao
- Glycogene LLC, 10th Floor, Building 3, Wuhan Precision Medicine Industrial Base, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengling Ding
- Glycogene LLC, 10th Floor, Building 3, Wuhan Precision Medicine Industrial Base, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, China
| | - Huirong Qu
- Glycogene LLC, 10th Floor, Building 3, Wuhan Precision Medicine Industrial Base, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Chen X. Enabling Chemoenzymatic Strategies and Enzymes for Synthesizing Sialyl Glycans and Sialyl Glycoconjugates. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:234-246. [PMID: 38127793 PMCID: PMC10795189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acids are fascinating negatively charged nine-carbon monosaccharides. Sialic acid-containing glycans and glycoconjugates are structurally diverse, functionally important, and synthetically challenging molecules. We have developed highly efficient chemoenzymatic strategies that combine the power of chemical synthesis and enzyme catalysis to make sialic acids, sialyl glycans, sialyl glycoconjugates, and their derivatives more accessible, enabling the efforts to explore their functions and applications. The Account starts with a brief description of the structural diversity and the functional importance of naturally occurring sialic acids and sialosides. The development of one-pot multienzyme (OPME) chemoenzymatic sialylation strategies is then introduced, highlighting its advantages in synthesizing structurally diverse sialosides with a sialyltransferase donor substrate engineering tactic. With the strategy, systematic access to sialosides containing different sialic acid forms with modifications at C3/4/5/7/8/9, various internal glycans, and diverse sialyl linkages is now possible. Also briefly described is the combination of the OPME sialylation strategy with bacterial sialidases for synthesizing sialidase inhibitors. With the goal of simplifying the product purification process for enzymatic glycosylation reactions, glycosphingolipids that contain a naturally existing hydrophobic tag are attractive targets for chemoenzymatic total synthesis. A user-friendly highly efficient chemoenzymatic strategy is developed which involves three main processes, including chemical synthesis of lactosyl sphingosine as a water-soluble hydrophobic tag-containing intermediate, OPME enzymatic extension of its glycan component with a single C18-cartridge purification of the product, followed by a facile chemical acylation reaction. The strategy allows the introduction of different sialic acid forms and diverse fatty acyl chains into the products. Gram-scale synthesis has been demonstrated. OPME sialylation has also been demonstrated for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of sialyl glycopeptides and in vitro enzymatic N-glycan processing for the formation of glycoproteins with disialylated biantennary complex-type N-glycans. For synthesizing human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) which are glycans with a free reducing end, acceptor substrate engineering and process engineering strategies are developed, which involve the design of a hydrophobic tag that can be easily installed into the acceptor substrate to allow facile purification of the product from enzymatic reactions and can be conveniently removed in the final step to produce target molecules. The process engineering involves heat-inactivation of enzymes in the intermediate steps in multistep OPME reactions for the production of long-chain sialoside targets in a single reaction pot and with a single C18-cartridge purification process. In addition, a chemoenzymatic synthon strategy has been developed. It involves the design of a derivative of the sialyltransferase donor substrate precursor, which is tolerated by enzymes in OPME reactions, introduced to enzymatic products, and then chemically converted to the desired target structures in the final step. The chemoenzymatic synthon approach has been used together with the acceptor substrate engineering method in the synthesis of complex bacterial glycans containing sialic acids, legionaminic acids, and derivatives. The biocatalysts characterized and their engineered mutants developed by the Chen group are described, with highlights on synthetically useful enzymes. We anticipate further development of chemoenzymatic strategies and biocatalysts to enable exploration of the sialic acid space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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6
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Li Z, Du X, Wang YMC. A survey of FDA Approved Monoclonal Antibodies and Fc-fusion Proteins for Manufacturing Changes and Comparability Assessment. Pharm Res 2024; 41:13-27. [PMID: 37910341 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03627-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Manufacturing changes occur commonly throughout stages of biologics development and may result in product quality attribute changes. As changes in critical quality attributes have the potential to affect clinical safety and efficacy of products, it is imperative to ensure the quality and clinical performance before introducing the after-change products. Thus, we embarked on this project to understand what data have supported the manufacturing changes for licensed products with pre- and post-approval changes. METHODS We surveyed the manufacturing changes of 85 monoclonal antibodies and 10 Fc fusion proteins approved by the Food and Drug Administration as of December 25, 2021. After collecting the type and timing of changes for these products, we investigated the approaches that provided supporting data for the changes. The source documents included reports submitted by applicants and FDA's regulatory reviews. RESULTS Analytical comparability was assessed to support all identified manufacturing changes. Supporting clinical data were available in 92% of these manufacturing changes; including data from pharmacokinetic comparability studies alone (3%), other studies on efficacy or safety (70%) and a combination of both (19%). Clinical pharmacokinetic comparability data contributed to supporting substantial changes, such as host cell type or master cell bank changes, concentration or formulation changes, and changes from pre-filled syringes to autoinjectors, especially when introduced after completing pivotal studies. CONCLUSION Our comprehensive retrospective analysis provides an understanding of the regulatory experience and industry practice, which could facilitate developing appropriate comparability approaches to support manufacturing changes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (OCP/CDER/FDA), 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Xiulian Du
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (OCP/CDER/FDA), 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Yow-Ming C Wang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (OCP/CDER/FDA), 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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7
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Babulic JL, Kofsky JM, Boddington ME, Kim Y, Leblanc EV, Cook MG, Garnier CR, Emberley-Korkmaz S, Colpitts CC, Capicciotti CJ. One-Step Selective Labeling of Native Cell Surface Sialoglycans by Exogenous α2,8-Sialylation. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:2418-2429. [PMID: 37934063 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Exo-enzymatic glycan labeling strategies have emerged as versatile tools for efficient and selective installation of terminal glyco-motifs onto live cell surfaces. Through employing specific enzymes and nucleotide-sugar probes, cells can be equipped with defined glyco-epitopes for modulating cell function or selective visualization and enrichment of glycoconjugates. Here, we identifyCampylobacter jejunisialyltransferase Cst-II I53S as a tool for cell surface glycan modification, expanding the exo-enzymatic labeling toolkit to include installation of α2,8-disialyl epitopes. Labeling with Cst-II was achieved with biotin- and azide-tagged CMP-Neu5Ac derivatives on a model glycoprotein and native sialylated cell surface glycans across a panel of cell lines. The introduction of modified Neu5Ac derivatives onto cells by Cst-II was also retained on the surface for 6 h. By examining the specificity of Cst-II on cell surfaces, it was revealed that the α2,8-sialyltransferase primarily labeled N-glycans, with O-glycans labeled to a lesser extent, and there was an apparent preference for α2,3-linked sialosides on cells. This approach thus broadens the scope of tools for selective exo-enzymatic labeling of native sialylated glycans and is highly amenable for the construction of cell-based arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Babulic
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Joshua M Kofsky
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Marie E Boddington
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Youjin Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle V Leblanc
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Madeleine G Cook
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Cole R Garnier
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Sophie Emberley-Korkmaz
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Che C Colpitts
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Chantelle J Capicciotti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
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8
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Yu H, Zheng Z, Zhang L, Yang X, Varki A, Chen X. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of N-Acetyl Analogues of 9- O-Acetylated b-Series Gangliosides. Tetrahedron 2023; 142:133522. [PMID: 37981995 PMCID: PMC10653377 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The stable N-acetyl analogues of biologically important 9-O-acetylated b-series gangliosides including 9NAc-GD3, 9NAc-GD2, 9NAc-GD1b, and 9NAc-GT1b were chemoenzymatically synthesized from a GM3 sphingosine. Two chemoenzymatic methods using either 6-azido-6-deoxy-N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc6N3) as a chemoenzymatic synthon or 6-acetamido-6-deoxy-N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc6NAc) as an enzymatic precursor for 9-acetamido-9-deoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac9NAc) were developed and compared for the synthesis of 9NAc-GD3. The latter method was found to be more efficient and was used to produce the desired 9-N-acetylated glycosylsphingosines. Furthermore, glycosylsphingosine acylation reaction conditions were improved to obtain target 9-N-acetylated gangliosides in a faster reaction with an easier purification process compared to the previous acylation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Zimin Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Libo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Ajit Varki
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, California, 92093, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
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9
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Bose P, Jaiswal MK, Singh SK, Singh RK, Tiwari VK. Growing impact of sialic acid-containing glycans in future drug discovery. Carbohydr Res 2023; 527:108804. [PMID: 37031650 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
In nature, almost all cells are covered with a complex array of glycan chain namely sialic acids or nuraminic acids, a negatively charged nine carbon sugars which is considered for their great therapeutic importance since long back. Owing to its presence at the terminal end of lipid bilayer (commonly known as terminal sugars), the well-defined sialosides or sialoconjugates have served pivotal role on the cell surfaces and thus, the sialic acid-containing glycans can modulate and mediate a number of imperative cellular interactions. Understanding of the sialo-protein interaction and their roles in vertebrates in regard of normal physiology, pathological variance, and evolution has indeed a noteworthy journey in medicine. In this tutorial review, we present a concise overview about the structure, linkages in chemical diversity, biological significance followed by chemical and enzymatic modification/synthesis of sialic acid containing glycans. A more focus is attempted about the recent advances, opportunity, and more over growing impact of sialosides and sialoconjugates in future drug discovery and development.
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Jaiswal M, Zhou M, Guo J, Tran TT, Kundu S, Jaufer AM, Fanucci GE, Guo Z. Different Biophysical Properties of Cell Surface α2,3- and α2,6-Sialoglycans Revealed by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Studies. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:1749-1757. [PMID: 36808907 PMCID: PMC10116567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c09048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Sialoglycans on HeLa cells were labeled with a nitroxide spin radical through enzymatic glycoengineering (EGE)-mediated installation of azide-modified sialic acid (Neu5Ac9N3) and then click reaction-based attachment of a nitroxide spin radical. α2,6-Sialyltransferase (ST) Pd2,6ST and α2,3-ST CSTII were used for EGE to install α2,6- and α2,3-linked Neu5Ac9N3, respectively. The spin-labeled cells were analyzed by X-band continuous wave (CW) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to gain insights into the dynamics and organizations of cell surface α2,6- and α2,3-sialoglycans. Simulations of the EPR spectra revealed average fast- and intermediate-motion components for the spin radicals in both sialoglycans. However, α2,6- and α2,3-sialoglycans in HeLa cells possess different distributions of the two components, e.g., a higher average population of the intermediate-motion component for α2,6-sialoglycans (78%) than that for α2,3-sialoglycans (53%). Thus, the average mobility of spin radicals in α2,3-sialoglycans was higher than that in α2,6-sialoglycans. Given the fact that a spin-labeled sialic acid residue attached to the 6-O-position of galactose/N-acetyl-galactosamine would experience less steric hindrance and show more flexibility than that attached to the 3-O-position, these results may reflect the differences in local crowding/packing that restrict the spin-label and sialic acid motion for α2,6-linked sialoglycans. The studies further suggest that Pd2,6ST and CSTII may have different preferences for glycan substrates in the complex environment of the extracellular matrix. The discoveries of this work are biologically important as they are useful for interpreting the different functions of α2,6- and α2,3-sialoglycans and indicate the possibility of using Pd2,6ST and CSTII to target different glycoconjugates on cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Mingwei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jiatong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Trang T Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Sayan Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Afnan M Jaufer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Gail E Fanucci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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11
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Zhu Y, Zhang J, Zhang W, Mu W. Recent progress on health effects and biosynthesis of two key sialylated human milk oligosaccharides, 3'-sialyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 62:108058. [PMID: 36372185 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the third major solid component in breast milk, are recognized as the first prebiotics for health benefits in infants. Sialylated HMOs are an important type of HMOs, accounting for approximately 13% of total HMOs. 3'-Sialyllactose (3'-SL) and 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL) are two simplest sialylated HMOs. Both SLs display promising prebiotic effects, especially in promoting the proliferation of bifidobacteria and shaping the gut microbiota. SLs exhibit several health effects, including antiadhesive antimicrobial ability, antiviral activity, prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis, immunomodulatory activity, regulation of intestinal epithelial cell response, promotion of brain development, and cognition improvement. Both SLs have been approved as "Generally Recognized as Safe" by the American Food and Drug Administration and are commercially added to infant formula. The biosynthesis of SLs using enzymatic or microbial approaches has been widely studied. The enzymatic synthesis of SLs can be realized by two types of enzymes, sialidases with trans-sialidase activity and sialyltransferases. Microbial synthesis can be achieved by the multiple recombinant bacteria in one-pot reaction, which express the enzymes involved in SL synthesis pathways separately or in combination, or by metabolically engineered strains in a fermentation process. In this article, the physiological properties of 3'-SL and 6'-SL are summarized in detail and the biosynthesis of these SLs via enzymatic and microbial synthesis is comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jiameng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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12
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Jaiswal M, Tran TT, Guo J, Zhou M, Garcia Diaz J, Fanucci GE, Guo Z. Enzymatic glycoengineering-based spin labelling of cell surface sialoglycans to enable their analysis by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Analyst 2022; 147:784-788. [PMID: 35171149 PMCID: PMC8885856 DOI: 10.1039/d1an02226a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
A novel method for spin labelling of sialoglycans on the cell surface is described. C9-Azido sialic acid was linked to glycans on live cells via CSTII-catalysed α2,3-sialylation utilizing azido-sialic acid nucleotide as a sialyl donor, which was followed by attachment of a spin label to the azide via click reaction. It enables the study of cell surface sialoglycans by EPR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Trang T Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Jiatong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Mingwei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Josefina Garcia Diaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Gail E Fanucci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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13
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de Lederkremer RM, Giorgi ME, Agusti R. trans-Sialylation: a strategy used to incorporate sialic acid into oligosaccharides. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:121-139. [PMID: 35360885 PMCID: PMC8827155 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00176k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid, as a component of cell surface glycoconjugates, plays a crucial role in recognition events. Efficient synthetic methods are necessary for the supply of sialosides in enough quantities for biochemical and immunological studies. Enzymatic glycosylations obviate the steps of protection and deprotection of the constituent monosaccharides required in a chemical synthesis. Sialyl transferases with CMP-Neu5Ac as an activated donor were used for the construction of α2-3 or α2-6 linkages to terminal galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine units. trans-Sialidases may transfer sialic acid from a sialyl glycoside to a suitable acceptor and specifically construct a Siaα2-3Galp linkage. The trans-sialidase of Trypanosoma cruzi (TcTS), which fulfills an important role in the pathogenicity of the parasite, is the most studied one. The recombinant enzyme was used for the sialylation of β-galactosyl oligosaccharides. One of the main advantages of trans-sialylation is that it circumvents the use of the high energy nucleotide. Easily available glycoproteins with a high content of sialic acid such as fetuin and bovine κ-casein-derived glycomacropeptide (GMP) have been used as donor substrates. Here we review the trans-sialidase from various microorganisms and describe their application for the synthesis of sialooligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M de Lederkremer
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Giorgi
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Rosalía Agusti
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR) Buenos Aires Argentina
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14
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Yang X, Yu H, Yang X, Kooner AS, Yuan Y, Luu B, Chen X. One-pot multienzyme (OPME) chemoenzymatic synthesis of brain ganglioside glycans with human ST3GAL II expressed in E. coli. ChemCatChem 2022; 14:e202101498. [PMID: 35784007 PMCID: PMC9249095 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A human sialyltransferase ST3GAL II (hST3GAL II) was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli as an active soluble fusion protein with an N-terminal maltose-binding protein (MBP) and a C-terminal hexa-histidine tag. It was used as an efficient catalyst in a one-pot multienzyme (OPME) sialylation system for high-yield production of the glycans of ganglioside GM1b and highly sialylated brain gangliosides GD1a and GT1b. Further sialylation of GM1b and GD1a glycans using a bacterial α2-8-sialyltransferase in another OPME sialylation reaction led to the formation of the glycans of GD1c and brain ganglioside GT1a, respectively. The lower reverse glycosylation activity of the recombinant hST3GAL II compared to its bacterial sialyltransferase counterpart simplifies the handling of enzymatic synthetic reactions and has an advantage for future use in automated chemoenzymatic synthetic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Anoopjit Singh Kooner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Bryant Luu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States,, homepage URL: https://chemistry.ucdavis.edu/people/xi-chen
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15
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Ji Y, Sasmal A, Li W, Oh L, Srivastava S, Hargett AA, Wasik BR, Yu H, Diaz S, Choudhury B, Parrish CR, Freedberg DI, Wang LP, Varki A, Chen X. Reversible O-Acetyl Migration within the Sialic Acid Side Chain and Its Influence on Protein Recognition. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1951-1960. [PMID: 33769035 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
O-Acetylation is a common naturally occurring modification of carbohydrates and is especially widespread in sialic acids, a family of nine-carbon acidic monosaccharides. O-Acetyl migration within the exocyclic glycerol-like side chain of mono-O-acetylated sialic acid reported previously was from the C7- to C9-hydroxyl group with or without an 8-O-acetyl intermediate, which resulted in an equilibrium that favors the formation of the 9-O-acetyl sialic acid. Herein, we provide direct experimental evidence demonstrating that O-acetyl migration is bidirectional, and the rate of equilibration is influenced predominantly by the pH of the sample. While the O-acetyl group on sialic acids and sialoglycans is stable under mildly acidic conditions (pH < 5, the rate of O-acetyl migration is extremely low), reversible O-acetyl migration is observed readily at neutral pH and becomes more significant when the pH increases to slightly basic. Sialoglycan microarray studies showed that esterase-inactivated porcine torovirus hemagglutinin-esterase bound strongly to sialoglycans containing a more stable 9-N-acetylated sialic acid analog, but these compounds were less resistant to periodate oxidation treatment compared to their 9-O-acetyl counterparts. Together with prior studies, the results support the possible influence of sialic acid O-acetylation and O-acetyl migration to host-microbe interactions and potential application of the more stable synthetic N-acetyl mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ji
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Aniruddha Sasmal
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Wanqing Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Lisa Oh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Audra A. Hargett
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Brian R. Wasik
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sandra Diaz
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Colin R. Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Darón I. Freedberg
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Lee-Ping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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16
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Tiwari VK. Development of Diverse Range of Biologically Relevant Carbohydrate-Containing Molecules: Twenty Years of Our Journey*. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3029-3048. [PMID: 34047444 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for significant amount of carbohydrate-containing molecules owing to their complete chemical, biological, and pharmacological investigations to better understand their role in many important biological events. Clinical studies of a wide range of simple carbohydrates or their derivatives, glycohybrids, glycoconjugates, and neoglycoconjugates have been conducted worldwide for the successful treatment of various frontline diseases. Herein, a brief perspective of carbohydrate-based molecular scaffolding and my experience during the last 20 years in the area of synthetic carbohydrate chemistry, mainly for their impact in drug discovery & development, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P.-221005, India
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17
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Bai Y, Yu H, Chen X. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Facile Purification of Gangliosides. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e91. [PMID: 33760402 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides are biologically important sialic acid-containing glycolipids found commonly in human and other vertebrates. Isolation of pure gangliosides from cells or tissues is difficult, and chemical synthesis of gangliosides usually involves numerous steps with low synthetic yields. We report here a chemoenzymatic synthesis and purification protocol for two ganglioside cancer antigens, GM3 and GD3. One-pot multienzyme glycosylation reactions are used to sequentially prepare GM3 and GD3 sphingosines from chemically synthesized lactosyl sphingosine. A facile C18-cartridge purification procedure after each glycosylation reaction provides the desired pure glycosyl sphingosine product, which is readily acylated to form the target ganglioside. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Chemoenzymatic synthesis and purification of GM3 and GD3 gangliosides Support Protocol: Monitoring reactions by thin-layer chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Bai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California
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18
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Li R, Kooner AS, Muthana SM, Yuan Y, Yu H, Chen X. A Chemoenzymatic Synthon Strategy for Synthesizing N-Acetyl Analogues of O-Acetylated N. meningitidis W Capsular Polysaccharide Oligosaccharides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:16157-16165. [PMID: 33164526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
O-Acetylated sialic acid has been found in the Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W (NmW) capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and is a required structural component of clinically used NmW CPS-based polysaccharide and polysaccharide-conjugate vaccines. The role of sialic acid O-acetylation in NmW CPS, however, is not clearly understood. This is partially due to the lack of a precise control of the percentage and the location of O-acetylation which is labile and susceptible to migration. We explore chemoenzymatic synthetic strategies for preparing N-acetylated analogues of O-acetylated NmW CPS oligosaccharides which can serve as structurally stable probe mimics. Substrate specificity studies of NmW CPS polymerase (NmSiaDW) identified 4-azido-4-deoxy-N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc4N3) and 6-azido-6-deoxy-N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc6N3) as suitable chemoenzymatic synthons for synthesizing N-acetyl analogues of NmW CPS oligosaccharides containing 7-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5,7Ac2) and/or 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5,9Ac2). The synthesis was achieved by NmSiaDW-dependent sequential one-pot multienzyme (OPME) strategy with in situ generation of the corresponding sugar nucleotides from simple monosaccharides or derivatives to form N3-oligosaccharides which were converted to the desired NAc-oligosaccharides by an efficient one-step chemical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Anoopjit S Kooner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Saddam M Muthana
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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19
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Bacterial sialyltransferases and their use in biocatalytic cascades for sialo-oligosaccharide production. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 44:107613. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Li W, Battistel MD, Reeves H, Oh L, Yu H, Chen X, Wang LP, Freedberg DI. A combined NMR, MD and DFT conformational analysis of 9-O-acetyl sialic acid-containing GM3 ganglioside glycan and its 9-N-acetyl mimic. Glycobiology 2020; 30:787-801. [PMID: 32350512 PMCID: PMC8179627 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
O-Acetylation of carbohydrates such as sialic acids is common in nature, but its role is not clearly understood due to the lability of O-acetyl groups. We demonstrated previously that 9-acetamido-9-deoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac9NAc) is a chemically and biologically stable mimic of the 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5,9Ac2) of the corresponding sialoglycans. Here, a systematic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study was undertaken for Neu5,9Ac2-containing GM3 ganglioside glycan (GM3-glycan) and its Neu5Ac9NAc analog. GM3-glycan with Neu5Ac as the non-O-acetyl form of Neu5,9Ac2 was used as a control. Complete 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift assignments, three-bond 1H-13C trans-glycosidic coupling constants (3JCH), accurate 1H-1H coupling constants (3JHH), nuclear Overhauser effects and hydrogen bonding detection were carried out. Results show that structural modification (O- or N-acetylation) on the C-9 of Neu5Ac in GM3 glycan does not cause significant conformational changes on either its glycosidic dihedral angles or its secondary structure. All structural differences are confined to the Neu5Ac glycerol chain, and minor temperature-dependent changes are seen in the aglycone portion. We also used Density Functional Theory (DFT) quantum mechanical calculations to improve currently used 3JHH Karplus relations. Furthermore, OH chemical shifts were assigned at -10°C and no evidence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond was observed. The results provide additional evidence regarding structural similarities between sialosides containing 9-N-acetylated and 9-O-acetylated Neu5Ac and support the opportunity of using 9-N-acetylated Neu5Ac as a stable mimic to study the biochemical role of 9-O-acetylated Neu5Ac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Marcos D Battistel
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Hannah Reeves
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Lisa Oh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Lee-Ping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Darón I Freedberg
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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21
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Guo X, Malcolm JR, Ali MM, Ribeiro Morais G, Shnyder SD, Loadman PM, Patterson LH, Falconer RA. An efficient assay for identification and quantitative evaluation of potential polysialyltransferase inhibitors. Analyst 2020; 145:4512-4521. [PMID: 32412559 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00721h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The polysialyltransferases (polySTs) catalyse the polymerisation of polysialic acid, which plays an important role in tumour metastasis. While assays are available to assess polyST enzyme activity, there is no methodology available specifically optimised for identification and quantitative evaluation of potential polyST inhibitors. The development of an HPLC-fluorescence-based enzyme assay described within includes a comprehensive investigation of assay conditions, including evaluation of metal ion composition, enzyme, substrate and acceptor concentrations, temperature, pH, and tolerance to DMSO, followed by validation using known polyST inhibitors. Thorough analysis of each of the assay components provided a set of optimised conditions. Under these optimised conditions, the experimentally observed Ki value for CMP, a competitive polyST inhibitor, was strongly correlated with the predicted Ki value, based on the classical Cheng-Prusoff equation [average fold error (AFE) = 1.043]. These results indicate that this assay can provide medium-throughput analysis for enzyme inhibitors with high accuracy, through determining the corresponding IC50 values with substrate concentration at the KM, without the need to perform extensive kinetic studies for each compound. In conclusion, an in vitro cell-free assay for accurate assessment of polyST inhibition is described. The utility of the assay for routine identification of potential polyST inhibitors is demonstrated, allowing quantitative measurement of inhibition to be achieved, and exemplified through assessment of full competitive inhibition. Given the considerable and growing interest in the polySTs as important anti-metastatic targets in cancer drug discovery, this is a vital tool to enable preclinical identification and evaluation of novel polyST inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Guo
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
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22
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Multi-enzyme systems and recombinant cells for synthesis of valuable saccharides: Advances and perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Kooner AS, Yu H, Chen X. Synthesis of N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid (Neu5Gc) and Its Glycosides. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2004. [PMID: 31555264 PMCID: PMC6724515 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids constitute a family of negatively charged structurally diverse monosaccharides that are commonly presented on the termini of glycans in higher animals and some microorganisms. In addition to N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), N-glycolyl neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is among the most common sialic acid forms in nature. Nevertheless, unlike most animals, human cells loss the ability to synthesize Neu5Gc although Neu5Gc-containing glycoconjugates have been found on human cancer cells and in various human tissues due to dietary incorporation of Neu5Gc. Some pathogenic bacteria also produce Neu5Ac and the corresponding glycoconjugates but Neu5Gc-producing bacteria have yet to be found. In addition to Neu5Gc, more than 20 Neu5Gc derivatives have been found in non-human vertebrates. To explore the biological roles of Neu5Gc and its naturally occurring derivatives as well as the corresponding glycans and glycoconjugates, various chemical and enzymatic synthetic methods have been developed to obtain a vast array of glycosides containing Neu5Gc and/or its derivatives. Here we provide an overview on various synthetic methods that have been developed. Among these, the application of highly efficient one-pot multienzyme (OPME) sialylation systems in synthesizing compounds containing Neu5Gc and derivatives has been proven as a powerful strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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24
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Zeuner B, Teze D, Muschiol J, Meyer AS. Synthesis of Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Protein Engineering Strategies for Improved Enzymatic Transglycosylation. Molecules 2019; 24:E2033. [PMID: 31141914 PMCID: PMC6600218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) signify a unique group of oligosaccharides in breast milk, which is of major importance for infant health and development. The functional benefits of HMOs create an enormous impetus for biosynthetic production of HMOs for use as additives in infant formula and other products. HMO molecules can be synthesized chemically, via fermentation, and by enzymatic synthesis. This treatise discusses these different techniques, with particular focus on harnessing enzymes for controlled enzymatic synthesis of HMO molecules. In order to foster precise and high-yield enzymatic synthesis, several novel protein engineering approaches have been reported, mainly concerning changing glycoside hydrolases to catalyze relevant transglycosylations. The protein engineering strategies for these enzymes range from rationally modifying specific catalytic residues, over targeted subsite -1 mutations, to unique and novel transplantations of designed peptide sequences near the active site, so-called loop engineering. These strategies have proven useful to foster enhanced transglycosylation to promote different types of HMO synthesis reactions. The rationale of subsite -1 modification, acceptor binding site matching, and loop engineering, including changes that may alter the spatial arrangement of water in the enzyme active site region, may prove useful for novel enzyme-catalyzed carbohydrate design in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte Zeuner
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - David Teze
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Jan Muschiol
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
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25
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Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Associated With Non-Shigatoxin-producing Infectious Agents: Expanding the Shigatoxin Theory. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2019; 41:e179-e181. [PMID: 29683956 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000001196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is usually associated with shigatoxin-producing Escherichia coli or shigella infections. We report 2 cases of HUS, respectively, caused by salmonella and Campylobacter jejuni infections. None of these bacteria produce shigatoxins, and the underlying mechanism of HUS development remains unknown. In streptococcus pneumoniae-associated HUS, bacterial neuraminidase cleaves neuraminic acid and causes exposure of Thomsen-Friedenreich cryptantigen on the cell surface of, for example, erythrocytes, which induces an inflammatory response caused by binding of preformed IgM. Both campylobacter and salmonella bacteria also produce neuraminidase, and HUS development could be explained by a similar mechanism.
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26
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Yu H, Santra A, Li Y, McArthur JB, Ghosh T, Yang X, Wang PG, Chen X. Streamlined chemoenzymatic total synthesis of prioritized ganglioside cancer antigens. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:4076-4080. [PMID: 29789847 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01087k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient streamlined chemoenzymatic strategy for total synthesis of four prioritized ganglioside cancer antigens GD2, GD3, fucosyl GM1, and GM3 from commercially available lactose and phytosphingosine is demonstrated. Lactosyl sphingosine (LacβSph) was chemically synthesized (on a 13 g scale), subjected to sequential one-pot multienzyme (OPME) glycosylation reactions with facile C18-cartridge purification, followed by improved acylation conditions to form target gangliosides, including fucosyl GM1 which has never been synthesized before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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27
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Slack TJ, Li W, Shi D, McArthur JB, Zhao G, Li Y, Xiao A, Khedri Z, Yu H, Liu Y, Chen X. Triazole-linked transition state analogs as selective inhibitors against V. cholerae sialidase. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5751-5757. [PMID: 30389408 PMCID: PMC6326775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sialidases or neuraminidases are enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of terminal sialic acids from oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. They play important roles in bacterial and viral infection and have been attractive targets for drug development. Structure-based drug design has led to potent inhibitors against neuraminidases of influenza A viruses that have been used successfully as approved therapeutics. However, selective and effective inhibitors against bacterial and human sialidases are still being actively pursued. Guided by crystal structural analysis, several derivatives of 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac2en or DANA) were designed and synthesized as triazole-linked transition state analogs. Inhibition studies revealed that glycopeptide analog E-(TriazoleNeu5Ac2en)-AKE and compound (TriazoleNeu5Ac2en)-A were selective inhibitors against Vibrio cholerae sialidase, while glycopeptide analog (TriazoleNeu5Ac2en)-AdE selectively inhibited Vibrio cholerae and A. ureafaciens sialidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teri J. Slack
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA,These authors contributed equality to this work
| | - Wanqing Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA,These authors contributed equality to this work
| | - Dashuang Shi
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave, NW, Washington DC 20012, USA
| | - John B. McArthur
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Gengxiang Zhao
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave, NW, Washington DC 20012, USA
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - An Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Zahra Khedri
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave, NW, Washington DC 20012, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA,Corresponding author. Tel: +1 530 754 6037; fax: +1 530 752 8995. (X. Chen)
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28
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Corfield AP. The Interaction of the Gut Microbiota with the Mucus Barrier in Health and Disease in Human. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6030078. [PMID: 30072673 PMCID: PMC6163557 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoproteins are major players in the mucus protective barrier in the gastrointestinal and other mucosal surfaces. In particular the mucus glycoproteins, or mucins, are responsible for the protective gel barrier. They are characterized by their high carbohydrate content, present in their variable number, tandem repeat domains. Throughout evolution the mucins have been maintained as integral components of the mucosal barrier, emphasizing their essential biological status. The glycosylation of the mucins is achieved through a series of biosynthetic pathways processes, which generate the wide range of glycans found in these molecules. Thus mucins are decorated with molecules having information in the form of a glycocode. The enteric microbiota interacts with the mucosal mucus barrier in a variety of ways in order to fulfill its many normal processes. How bacteria read the glycocode and link to normal and pathological processes is outlined in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Corfield
- Mucin Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
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29
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Wen L, Edmunds G, Gibbons C, Zhang J, Gadi MR, Zhu H, Fang J, Liu X, Kong Y, Wang PG. Toward Automated Enzymatic Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8151-8187. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Garrett Edmunds
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Christopher Gibbons
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Madhusudhan Reddy Gadi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Hailiang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Junqiang Fang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xianwei Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yun Kong
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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30
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McArthur JB, Yu H, Tasnima N, Lee CM, Fisher AJ, Chen X. α2-6-Neosialidase: A Sialyltransferase Mutant as a Sialyl Linkage-Specific Sialidase. ACS Chem Biol 2018. [PMID: 29543427 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The lack of α2-6-linkage specific sialidases limits the structural and functional studies of sialic-acid-containing molecules. Photobacterium damselae α2-6-sialyltransferase (Pd2,6ST) was shown previously to have α2-6-specific, but weak, sialidase activity. Here, we develop a high-throughput blue-white colony screening method to identify Pd2,6ST mutants with improved α2-6-sialidase activity from mutant libraries generated by sequential saturation mutagenesis. A triple mutant (Pd2,6ST S232L/T356S/W361F) has been identified with 100-fold improved activity, high α2-6-sialyl linkage selectivity, and ability to cleave two common sialic acid forms, N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). It is a valuable tool for sialoglycan structural analysis and functional characterization. The sequential saturation mutagenesis and screening strategy developed here can be explored to evolve other linkage-specific neoglycosidases from the corresponding glycosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B. McArthur
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Nova Tasnima
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Christie M. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Andrew J. Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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31
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Wen L, Liu D, Zheng Y, Huang K, Cao X, Song J, Wang PG. A One-Step Chemoenzymatic Labeling Strategy for Probing Sialylated Thomsen-Friedenreich Antigen. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:451-457. [PMID: 29721527 PMCID: PMC5920613 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal expression of sialylated Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-3GalNAcα-O-Ser/Thr, sialyl-T) has a strong relationship with various types of human cancers and many other diseases. However, the size and structural complexity, and relatively lower abundance of sialyl-T have posed a significant challenge to its detection. Therefore, details about the role of sialyl-T in a variety of physiological and pathological processes are still poorly understood. Here, a one-step chemoenzymatic labeling strategy to probe sialyl-T is described. This approach enables the sensitive, selective, and rapid detection of sialyl-T, and global profiling and identification of unknown sialyl-T-attached glycoproteins, which are potential therapeutic targets or biomarkers. The use of one-step labeling strategy not only has a higher sensitivity than a typical two-step reporter strategy but also avoids undergoing an additional chemical reaction step to introduce a reporter group after the labeling reaction, making it particularly useful for detecting low-abundance glycan epitopes on living cells.
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32
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Origin, evolution, and distribution of the molecular machinery for biosynthesis of sialylated lipooligosaccharide structures in Campylobacter coli. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3028. [PMID: 29445215 PMCID: PMC5813019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21438-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Additionally, C. jejuni is the most common bacterial etiological agent in the autoimmune Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Ganglioside mimicry by C. jejuni lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is the triggering factor of the disease. LOS-associated genes involved in the synthesis and transfer of sialic acid (glycosyltranferases belonging to family GT-42) are essential in C. jejuni to synthesize ganglioside-like LOS. Despite being isolated from GBS patients, scarce genetic evidence supports C. coli role in the disease. In this study, through data mining and bioinformatics analysis, C. coli is shown to possess a larger GT-42 glycosyltransferase repertoire than C. jejuni. Although GT-42 glycosyltransferases are widely distributed in C. coli population, only a fraction of C. coli strains (1%) are very likely able to express ganglioside mimics. Even though the activity of C. coli specific GT-42 enzymes and their role in shaping the bacterial population are yet to be explored, evidence presented herein suggest that loss of function of some LOS-associated genes occurred during agriculture niche adaptation.
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33
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Tasnima N, Yu H, Li Y, Santra A, Chen X. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of para-nitrophenol (pNP)-tagged α2-8-sialosides and high-throughput substrate specificity studies of α2-8-sialidases. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:160-167. [PMID: 27924345 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02240e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
para-Nitrophenol (pNP)-tagged α2-8-linked sialosides containing different sialic acid forms were chemoenzymatically synthesized using an efficient one-pot three-enzyme α2-8-sialylation system. The resulting compounds allowed high-throughput substrate specificity studies of the α2-8-sialidase activity of a recombinant human cytosolic sialidase hNEU2 and various bacterial sialidases. The sialoside substrate profiles obtained can be used to guide the selection of suitable sialidases for sialylglycan analysis and for cell and tissue surface glycan modification. They can also be used to guide sialidase inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nova Tasnima
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Abhishek Santra
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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34
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Wu Z, Liu Y, Ma C, Li L, Bai J, Byrd-Leotis L, Lasanajak Y, Guo Y, Wen L, Zhu H, Song J, Li Y, Steinhauer DA, Smith DF, Zhao B, Chen X, Guan W, Wang PG. Identification of the binding roles of terminal and internal glycan epitopes using enzymatically synthesized N-glycans containing tandem epitopes. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:11106-11116. [PMID: 27752690 PMCID: PMC5951163 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01982j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycans play diverse roles in a wide range of biological processes. Research on glycan-binding events is essential for learning their biological and pathological functions. However, the functions of terminal and internal glycan epitopes exhibited during binding with glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) and/or viruses need to be further identified. Therefore, a focused library of 36 biantennary asparagine (Asn)-linked glycans with some presenting tandem glycan epitopes was synthesized via a combined Core Isolation/Enzymatic Extension (CIEE) and one-pot multienzyme (OPME) synthetic strategy. These N-glycans include those containing a terminal sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc), sialyl Lewis x (sLex) and Siaα2-8-Siaα2-3/6-R structures with N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) or N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) sialic acid form, LacNAc, Lewis x (Lex), α-Gal, and Galα1-3-Lex; and tandem epitopes including α-Gal, Lex, Galα1-3-Lex, LacNAc, and sialyl LacNAc, presented with an internal sialyl LacNAc or 1-2 repeats of an internal LacNAc or Lex component. They were synthesized in milligram-scale, purified to over 98% purity, and used to prepare a glycan microarray. Binding studies using selected plant lectins, antibodies, and viruses demonstrated, for the first time, that when interpreting the binding between glycans and GBPs/viruses, not only the structure of the terminal glycan epitopes, but also the internal epitopes and/or modifications of terminal epitopes needs to be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Jing Bai
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China.
| | - Lauren Byrd-Leotis
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yi Lasanajak
- Department of Biochemistry and Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yuxi Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Liuqing Wen
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - David A Steinhauer
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David F Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Baohua Zhao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Wanyi Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. and College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China.
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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35
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Abstract
Sialidases are a large group of enzymes, the majority of which catalyses the cleavage of terminal sialic acids from complex carbohydrates on glycoproteins or glycolipids. In the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, sialic acid residues are mostly found in terminal location of mucins via α2-3/6 glycosidic linkages. Many enteric commensal and pathogenic bacteria can utilize sialic acids as a nutrient source, but not all express the sialidases that are required to release free sialic acid. Sialidases encoded by gut bacteria vary in terms of their substrate specificity and their enzymatic reaction. Most are hydrolytic sialidases, which release free sialic acid from sialylated substrates. However, there are also examples with transglycosylation activities. Recently, a third class of sialidases, intramolecular trans-sialidase (IT-sialidase), has been discovered in gut microbiota, releasing (2,7-anhydro-Neu5Ac) 2,7-anydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid instead of sialic acid. Reaction specificity varies, with hydrolytic sialidases demonstrating broad activity against α2,3-, α2,6- and α2,8-linked substrates, whereas IT-sialidases tend to be specific for α2,3-linked substrates. In this mini-review, we summarize the current knowledge on the structural and biochemical properties of sialidases involved in the interaction between gut bacteria and epithelial surfaces.
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36
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Liu Y, Wen L, Li L, Gadi MR, Guan W, Huang K, Xiao Z, Wei M, Ma C, Zhang Q, Yu H, Chen X, Wang PG, Fang J. A General Chemoenzymatic Strategy for the Synthesis of Glycosphingolipids. European J Org Chem 2016; 2016:4315-4320. [PMID: 28824290 PMCID: PMC5560440 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A concise, prototypical, and stereoselective strategy for the synthesis of therapeutically and immunologically significant glycosphingolipids has been developed. This strategy provides a universal platform for glycosphingolipid synthesis by block coupling of enzymatically prepared free oligosaccharideglycans to lipids using glycosyl N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidates as efficient activated intermediates. As demonstrated here, two different types of glycosphingolipids were obtained in excellent yields using the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Carbohydrate Chemistry, and State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA, http://lithium.gsu.edu/faculty/PWang/
| | - Liuqing Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA, http://lithium.gsu.edu/faculty/PWang/
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA, http://lithium.gsu.edu/faculty/PWang/
| | - Madhusudhan Reddy Gadi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA, http://lithium.gsu.edu/faculty/PWang/
| | - Wanyi Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA, http://lithium.gsu.edu/faculty/PWang/
| | - Kenneth Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA, http://lithium.gsu.edu/faculty/PWang/
| | - Zhongying Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA, http://lithium.gsu.edu/faculty/PWang/
| | - Mohui Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA, http://lithium.gsu.edu/faculty/PWang/
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA, http://lithium.gsu.edu/faculty/PWang/
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA, http://lithium.gsu.edu/faculty/PWang/
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, https://chenglycogroup.wordpress.com/
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, https://chenglycogroup.wordpress.com/
| | - Peng George Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Carbohydrate Chemistry, and State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA, http://lithium.gsu.edu/faculty/PWang/
| | - Junqiang Fang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Carbohydrate Chemistry, and State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
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37
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Yu H, Zeng J, Li Y, Thon V, Shi B, Chen X. Effective one-pot multienzyme (OPME) synthesis of monotreme milk oligosaccharides and other sialosides containing 4-O-acetyl sialic acid. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8586-97. [PMID: 27548611 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01706a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile one-pot two-enzyme chemoenzymatic approach has been established for the gram (Neu4,5Ac2α3Lac, 1.33 g) and preparative scale (Neu4,5Ac2α3LNnT) synthesis of monotreme milk oligosaccharides. Other O-acetyl-5-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu4,5Ac2)- or 4-O-acetyl-5-N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu4Ac5Gc) -containing α2-3-sialosides have also been synthesized in the preparative scale. Used as an effective probe, Neu4,5Ac2α3GalβpNP was found to be a suitable substrate by human influenza A viruses but not bacterial sialidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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38
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Yu H, Chen X. One-pot multienzyme (OPME) systems for chemoenzymatic synthesis of carbohydrates. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2809-18. [PMID: 26881499 PMCID: PMC4795158 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00058d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferase-catalyzed enzymatic and chemoenzymatic syntheses are powerful approaches for the production of oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycoconjugates, and their derivatives. Enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of sugar nucleotide donors can be combined with glycosyltransferases in one pot for efficient production of the target glycans from simple monosaccharides and acceptors. The identification of enzymes involved in the salvage pathway of sugar nucleotide generation has greatly facilitated the development of simplified and efficient one-pot multienzyme (OPME) systems for synthesizing major glycan epitopes in mammalian glycomes. The applications of OPME methods are steadily gaining popularity mainly due to the increasing availability of wild-type and engineered enzymes. Substrate promiscuity of these enzymes and their mutants allows OPME synthesis of carbohydrates with naturally occurring post-glycosylational modifications (PGMs) and their non-natural derivatives using modified monosaccharides as precursors. The OPME systems can be applied in sequence for synthesizing complex carbohydrates. The sequence of the sequential OPME processes, the glycosyltransferase used, and the substrate specificities of the glycosyltransferases define the structures of the products. The OPME and sequential OPME strategies can be extended to diverse glycans in other glycomes when suitable enzymes with substrate promiscuity become available. This Perspective summarizes the work of the authors and collaborators on the development of glycosyltransferase-based OPME systems for carbohydrate synthesis. Future directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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39
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Mishra S, Upadhaya K, Mishra KB, Shukla AK, Tripathi RP, Tiwari VK. Carbohydrate-Based Therapeutics. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63601-0.00010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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40
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Modulating the regioselectivity of a Pasteurella multocida sialyltransferase for biocatalytic production of 3′- and 6′-sialyllactose. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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41
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Enzymatic production of HMO mimics by the sialylation of galacto-oligosaccharides. Food Chem 2015; 181:51-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Haynes CLF, Ameloot P, Remaut H, Callewaert N, Sterckx YGJ, Magez S. Production, purification and crystallization of a trans-sialidase from Trypanosoma vivax. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2015; 71:577-85. [PMID: 25945712 PMCID: PMC4427168 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x15002496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialidases and trans-sialidases play important roles in the life cycles of various microorganisms. These enzymes can serve nutritional purposes, act as virulence factors or mediate cellular interactions (cell evasion and invasion). In the case of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma vivax, trans-sialidase activity has been suggested to be involved in infection-associated anaemia, which is the major pathology in the disease nagana. The physiological role of trypanosomal trans-sialidases in host-parasite interaction as well as their structures remain obscure. Here, the production, purification and crystallization of a recombinant version of T. vivax trans-sialidase 1 (rTvTS1) are described. The obtained rTvTS1 crystals diffracted to a resolution of 2.5 Å and belonged to the orthorhombic space group P212121, with unit-cell parameters a = 57.3, b = 78.4, c = 209.0 Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole L. F. Haynes
- Structural Biology Research Center (SBRC), VIB, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Research Unit for Cellular and Molecular Immunology (CMIM), VUB, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research (DMBR), UGent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Ameloot
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research (DMBR), UGent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Han Remaut
- Structural Biology Research Center (SBRC), VIB, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology (SMM), VUB, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nico Callewaert
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research (DMBR), UGent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yann G.-J. Sterckx
- Structural Biology Research Center (SBRC), VIB, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Research Unit for Cellular and Molecular Immunology (CMIM), VUB, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan Magez
- Structural Biology Research Center (SBRC), VIB, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Research Unit for Cellular and Molecular Immunology (CMIM), VUB, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
The important roles played by human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), the third major component of human milk, in the health of breast-fed infants have been increasingly recognized, as the structures of more than 100 different HMOS have now been elucidated. Despite the recognition of the various functions of HMOS as prebiotics, antiadhesive antimicrobials, and immunomodulators, the roles and the applications of individual HMOS species are less clear. This is mainly due to the limited accessibility to large amounts of individual HMOS in their pure forms. Current advances in the development of enzymatic, chemoenzymatic, whole-cell, and living-cell systems allow for the production of a growing number of HMOS in increasing amounts. This effort will greatly facilitate the elucidation of the important roles of HMOS and allow exploration into the applications of HMOS both as individual compounds and as mixtures of defined structures with desired functions. The structures, functions, and enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of HMOS are briefly surveyed to provide a general picture about the current progress on these aspects. Future efforts should be devoted to elucidating the structures of more complex HMOS, synthesizing more complex HMOS including those with branched structures, and developing HMOS-based or HMOS-inspired prebiotics, additives, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Ding L, Zhao C, Qu J, Li Y, Sugiarto G, Yu H, Wang J, Chen X. A Photobacterium sp. α2-6-sialyltransferase (Psp2,6ST) mutant with an increased expression level and improved activities in sialylating Tn antigens. Carbohydr Res 2014; 408:127-33. [PMID: 25593075 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the catalytic efficiency of recombinant Photobacterium sp. JT-ISH-224 α2-6-sialyltransferase Psp2,6ST(15-501)-His6 in sialylating α-GalNAc-containing acceptors for the synthesis of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens sialyl Tn (STn), protein crystal structure-based mutagenesis studies were carried out. Among several mutants obtained by altering the residues close to the acceptor substrate binding pocket, mutant A366G was shown to improve the sialyltransferase activity of Psp2,6ST(15-501)-His6 toward α-GalNAc-containing acceptors by 21-115% without significantly affecting its sialylation activity to β-galactosides. Furthermore, the expression level was improved from 18-40 mg L(-1) for the wild-type enzyme to 72-110 mg L(-1) for the A366G mutant. In situ generation of CMP-sialic acid in a one-pot two-enzyme system was shown effective in overcoming the high donor hydrolysis of the enzyme. Mutant A366G performed better than the wild-type Psp2,6ST(15-501)-His6 for synthesizing Neu5Acα2-6GalNAcαOSer/Thr STn antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jingyao Qu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Go Sugiarto
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Junru Wang
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Huynh N, Li Y, Yu H, Huang S, Lau K, Chen X, Fisher AJ. Crystal structures of sialyltransferase from Photobacterium damselae. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:4720-9. [PMID: 25451227 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sialyltransferase structures fall into either GT-A or GT-B glycosyltransferase fold. Some sialyltransferases from the Photobacterium genus have been shown to contain an additional N-terminal immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain. Photobacterium damselae α2-6-sialyltransferase has been used efficiently in enzymatic and chemoenzymatic synthesis of α2-6-linked sialosides. Here we report three crystal structures of this enzyme. Two structures with and without a donor substrate analog CMP-3F(a)Neu5Ac contain an immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain and adopt the GT-B sialyltransferase fold. The binary structure reveals a non-productive pre-Michaelis complex, which are caused by crystal lattice contacts that prevent the large conformational changes. The third structure lacks the Ig-domain. Comparison of the three structures reveals small inherent flexibility between the two Rossmann-like domains of the GT-B fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhung Huynh
- Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Shengshu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kam Lau
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Andrew J Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Are bacteriophage defence and virulence two sides of the same coin in Campylobacter jejuni? Biochem Soc Trans 2014; 41:1475-81. [PMID: 24256240 DOI: 10.1042/bst20130127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The continuous battle for survival in the environment has led to the development or acquisition of sophisticated defence systems in bacteria. These defence systems have contributed to the survival of the bacterial species in the environment for millions of years. Some systems appear to have evolved in a number of pathogenic bacteria towards a role in virulence and host immune evasion. Recently, different bacterial cell envelope components from diverse bacterial species have been linked not only to bacteriophage defence, but also to virulence features. In the present review we focus specifically on the bacterial cell envelope-expressed sialic-acid-containing LOS (lipo-oligosaccharide) structures and Type II CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR-associated) genes that both occur in specific Gram-negative pathogens. In Campylobacter jejuni circumstantial evidence points at a potential intertwined dual function between sialylated LOS structures and subtype II-C CRISPR-Cas, i.e. in phage defence and virulence. In the present review we discuss whether a dual functionality of sialylated LOS and subtype II-C CRISPR-Cas is exclusive to C. jejuni only or could be more widespread within the group of Type II CRISPR-Cas-harbouring bacteria. We conclude from the literature that, at least in C. jejuni, circumstantial evidence exists for a complex intertwined dual functionality between sialylated LOS and Type II CRISPR-Cas, and that other bacteria show similar genomic signatures.
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Yu H, Lau K, Thon V, Autran CA, Jantscher-Krenn E, Xue M, Li Y, Sugiarto G, Qu J, Mu S, Ding L, Bode L, Chen X. Synthetic Disialyl Hexasaccharides Protect Neonatal Rats from Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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48
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Yu H, Lau K, Thon V, Autran CA, Jantscher-Krenn E, Xue M, Li Y, Sugiarto G, Qu J, Mu S, Ding L, Bode L, Chen X. Synthetic disialyl hexasaccharides protect neonatal rats from necrotizing enterocolitis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6687-91. [PMID: 24848971 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two novel synthetic α2-6-linked disialyl hexasaccharides, disialyllacto-N-neotetraose (DSLNnT) and α2-6-linked disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DS'LNT), were readily obtained by highly efficient one-pot multienzyme (OPME) reactions. The sequential OPME systems described herein allowed the use of an inexpensive disaccharide and simple monosaccharides to synthesize the desired complex oligosaccharides with high efficiency and selectivity. DSLNnT and DS'LNT were shown to protect neonatal rats from necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and are good therapeutic candidates for preclinical experiments and clinical application in treating NEC in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
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Guo Y, Jers C, Meyer AS, Arnous A, Li H, Kirpekar F, Mikkelsen JD. A Pasteurella multocida sialyltransferase displaying dual trans-sialidase activities for production of 3′-sialyl and 6′-sialyl glycans. J Biotechnol 2014; 170:60-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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Schmölzer K, Ribitsch D, Czabany T, Luley-Goedl C, Kokot D, Lyskowski A, Zitzenbacher S, Schwab H, Nidetzky B. Characterization of a multifunctional α2,3-sialyltransferase from Pasteurella dagmatis. Glycobiology 2013; 23:1293-304. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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