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Saito T, Yagi H, Kuo CW, Khoo KH, Kato K. An embeddable molecular code for Lewis X modification through interaction with fucosyltransferase 9. Commun Biol 2022; 5:676. [PMID: 35831428 PMCID: PMC9279290 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
N-glycans are diversified by a panel of glycosyltransferases in the Golgi, which are supposed to modify various glycoproteins in promiscuous manners, resulting in unpredictable glycosylation profiles in general. In contrast, our previous study showed that fucosyltransferase 9 (FUT9) generates Lewis X glycotopes primarily on lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) in neural stem cells. Here, we demonstrate that a contiguous 29-amino acid sequence in the N-terminal domain of LAMP-1 is responsible for promotion of the FUT9-catalyzed Lewis X modification. Interestingly, Lewis X modification was induced on erythropoietin as a model glycoprotein both in vitro and in cells, just by attaching this sequence to its C-terminus. Based on these results, we conclude that the amino acid sequence from LAMP-1 functions as a “Lewis X code”, which is deciphered by FUT9, and can be embedded into other glycoproteins to evoke a Lewis X modification, opening up new possibilities for protein engineering and cell engineering. A 29-amino acid sequence in the N-terminal domain of LAMP-1 promotes its Lewis X glycosylation and is embeddable to other proteins for Lewis X glycoengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.,Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.,Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Chu-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan. .,Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan. .,Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.
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Abdullah A, Hayashi Y, Morimura N, Kumar A, Ikenaka K, Togayachi A, Narimatsu H, Hitoshi S. Fut9 Deficiency Causes Abnormal Neural Development in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex and Retina. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2793-2804. [PMID: 35753011 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
α1,3-Fucosyltransferase 9 (Fut9) is responsible for the synthesis of Lewis X [LeX, Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc] carbohydrate epitope, a marker for pluripotent or multipotent tissue-specific stem cells. Although Fut9-deficient mice show anxiety-related behaviors, structural and cellular abnormalities in the brain remain to be investigated. In this study, using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical techniques in combination, we clarified the spatiotemporal expression of Fut9, together with LeX, in the brain and retina. We found that Fut9-expressing cells are positive for Ctip2, a marker of neurons residing in layer V/VI, and TLE4, a marker of corticothalamic projection neurons (CThPNs) in layer VI, of the cortex. A birthdating analysis using 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine at embryonic day (E)11.5, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine at E12.5, and in utero electroporation of a GFP expression plasmid at E14.5 revealed a reduction in the percentage of neurons produced at E11.5 in layer VI/subplate of the cortex and in the ganglion cell layer of the retina in P0 Fut9-/- mice. Furthermore, this reduction in layer VI/subplate neurons persisted into adulthood, leading to a reduction in the number of Ctip2strong/Satb2- excitatory neurons in layer V/VI of the adult Fut9-/- cortex. These results suggest that Fut9 plays significant roles in the differentiation, migration, and maturation of neural precursor cells in the cortex and retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Abdullah
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hayashi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Naoko Morimura
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ikenaka
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Akira Togayachi
- Research Centre for Medical Glycoscience, Glycogene Function Team, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Hisashi Narimatsu
- Research Centre for Medical Glycoscience, Glycogene Function Team, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Seiji Hitoshi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan.
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.
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α1,3-Fucosyltransferase-IX, an enzyme of pulmonary endogenous lung stem cell marker SSEA-1, alleviates experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1126-1135. [PMID: 32303051 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0891-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenous pulmonary stem cells (PSCs) play an important role in lung development and repair; however, little is known about their role in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). We hypothesize that an endogenous PSC marker stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1) and its enzyme, α1,3-fucosyltransferase IX (FUT9) play an important role in decreasing inflammation and restoring lung structure in experimental BPD. METHODS We studied the expression of SSEA-1, and its enzyme FUT9, in wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice, in room air and hyperoxia. Effects of intraperitoneal administration of recombinant human FUT9 (rhFUT9) on lung airway and parenchymal inflammation, alveolarization, and apoptosis were evaluated. RESULTS On hyperoxia exposure, SSEA-1 significantly decreased at postnatal day 14 in hyperoxia-exposed BPD mice, accompanied by a decrease in FUT9. BPD and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in human lungs showed decreased expression of SSEA-1 as compared to their term controls. Importantly, intraperitoneal administration of FUT9 in the neonatal BPD mouse model resulted in significant decrease in pulmonary airway (but not lung parenchymal) inflammation, alveolar-capillary leakage, alveolar simplification, and cell death in the hyperoxia-exposed BPD mice. CONCLUSIONS An important role of endogenous PSC marker SSEA-1 and its enzyme FUT9 is demonstrated, indicating early systemic intervention with FUT9 as a potential therapeutic option for BPD. IMPACT Administration of rhFUT9, an enzyme of endogenous stem cell marker SSEA-1, reduces pulmonary airway (but not lung parenchymal) inflammation, alveolar-capillary leak and cell death in the BPD mouse model. SSEA-1 is reported for the first time in experimental BPD models, and in human RDS and BPD. rhFUT9 treatment ameliorates hyperoxia-induced lung injury in a developmentally appropriate BPD mouse model. Our results have translational potential as a therapeutic modality for BPD in the developing lung.
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Xu J, Wang Y, Hsu CY, Negri S, Tower RJ, Gao Y, Tian Y, Sono T, Meyers CA, Hardy WR, Chang L, Hu S, Kahn N, Broderick K, Péault B, James AW. Lysosomal protein surface expression discriminates fat- from bone-forming human mesenchymal precursor cells. eLife 2020; 9:e58990. [PMID: 33044169 PMCID: PMC7550188 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue resident mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) occupy perivascular spaces. Profiling human adipose perivascular mesenchyme with antibody arrays identified 16 novel surface antigens, including endolysosomal protein CD107a. Surface CD107a expression segregates MSCs into functionally distinct subsets. In culture, CD107alow cells demonstrate high colony formation, osteoprogenitor cell frequency, and osteogenic potential. Conversely, CD107ahigh cells include almost exclusively adipocyte progenitor cells. Accordingly, human CD107alow cells drove dramatic bone formation after intramuscular transplantation in mice, and induced spine fusion in rats, whereas CD107ahigh cells did not. CD107a protein trafficking to the cell surface is associated with exocytosis during early adipogenic differentiation. RNA sequencing also suggested that CD107alow cells are precursors of CD107ahigh cells. These results document the molecular and functional diversity of perivascular regenerative cells, and show that relocation to cell surface of a lysosomal protein marks the transition from osteo- to adipogenic potential in native human MSCs, a population of substantial therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xu
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Yiyun Wang
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Ching-Yun Hsu
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Stefano Negri
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Robert J Tower
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Departments of Orthopaedics, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Yongxing Gao
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Ye Tian
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Takashi Sono
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Carolyn A Meyers
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Winters R Hardy
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research CenterLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Leslie Chang
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Shuaishuai Hu
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research CenterLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Nusrat Kahn
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research CenterLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Kristen Broderick
- Departments of Plastic Surgery, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Bruno Péault
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research CenterLos AngelesUnited States
- Center For Cardiovascular Science and Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Aaron W James
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research CenterLos AngelesUnited States
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5
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Yagi H. Functional Roles of Glycoprotein Glycans in Neural Stem Cells. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2019. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1943.2se] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Yagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
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6
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Yagi H. Functional Roles of Glycoprotein Glycans in Neural Stem Cells. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2019. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1943.2sj] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Yagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
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7
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Lewis X-Carrying Neoglycolipids Evoke Selective Apoptosis in Neural Stem Cells. Neurochem Res 2017; 43:212-218. [PMID: 29019053 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
N-glycans carrying the Lewis X trisaccharide [Galβ1-4 (Fucα1-3) GlcNAc] are expressed by neural stem cells (NSCs) exclusively before differentiation, and they actively contribute to the maintenance of stemness of these cells. To address the functional roles of the Lewis X-mediated molecular interactions in NSCs, we created a series of synthetic neoglycolipids that contained a Lewis X-carrying glycan connected to an acyl chain through an amide bond. The neoglycolipids formed aqueous micelles displaying functional Lewis X glycotopes. Surprisingly, the neoglycolipid micelles evoked selective apoptosis in undifferentiated NSCs, whereas their differentiated cells remained unaffected. The apoptotic activity depended on the structural integrity of the Lewis X glycotopes and also on the length of the acyl chain, with an optimum length of C18. We propose hypothetical functional mechanisms of the neoglycolipid, which involves selective NSC targeting with Lewis X glycan and apoptotic signaling by the intracellular release of fatty acids. This serendipitous finding may offer a new strategy for controlling neural cell fates using artificial glycoclusters.
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8
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Comparative glycoproteomics of stem cells identifies new players in ricin toxicity. Nature 2017; 549:538-542. [PMID: 28959962 DOI: 10.1038/nature24015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation, the covalent attachment of carbohydrate structures onto proteins, is the most abundant post-translational modification. Over 50% of human proteins are glycosylated, which alters their activities in diverse fundamental biological processes. Despite the importance of glycosylation in biology, the identification and functional validation of complex glycoproteins has remained largely unexplored. Here we develop a novel quantitative approach to identify intact glycopeptides from comparative proteomic data sets, allowing us not only to infer complex glycan structures but also to directly map them to sites within the associated proteins at the proteome scale. We apply this method to human and mouse embryonic stem cells to illuminate the stem cell glycoproteome. This analysis nearly doubles the number of experimentally confirmed glycoproteins, identifies previously unknown glycosylation sites and multiple glycosylated stemness factors, and uncovers evolutionarily conserved as well as species-specific glycoproteins in embryonic stem cells. The specificity of our method is confirmed using sister stem cells carrying repairable mutations in enzymes required for fucosylation, Fut9 and Slc35c1. Ablation of fucosylation confers resistance to the bioweapon ricin, and we discover proteins that carry a fucosylation-dependent sugar code for ricin toxicity. Mutations disrupting a subset of these proteins render cells ricin resistant, revealing new players that orchestrate ricin toxicity. Our comparative glycoproteomics platform, SugarQb, enables genome-wide insights into protein glycosylation and glycan modifications in complex biological systems.
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9
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Yagi H. Development and Application of Glycosylation-Profiling Techniques for Functional Glycomics in the Nervous System. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2017. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1614.2e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Yagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
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10
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Yagi H. Development and Application of Glycosylation-Profiling Techniques for Functional Glycomics in the Nervous System. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2017. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1614.2j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Yagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
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11
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Yagi H, Kato K. Functional roles of glycoconjugates in the maintenance of stemness and differentiation process of neural stem cells. Glycoconj J 2016; 34:757-763. [PMID: 27350557 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) possess a high proliferative potential and capacity for self-renewal with retention of multipotency to differentiate into brain-forming cells. NSCs have gained a considerable attention because of their potential application in treatment strategies on the basis of transplantation for neurodegenerative disorders and nerve injuries. Although several signaling pathways have been reportedly involved in the fate determination process of NSCs, the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of neural cell stemness and differentiation process remain largely unknown. Glycoconjugates expressed in the NSC niche in the brain offer markers of NSCs; moreover, they serve as cell regulators, which are actively involved in the modulation of signal transduction. The glycans function on NCS surfaces by recruiting growth factor receptors to specific microdomains as components of glycolipids, thereby mediating the ligand-receptor interactions both indirectly and directly as components of proteoglycans and interacting with specific lectin-type receptors as components of ligand glycoproteins. In this review, we outline current knowledge of the possible functional mechanisms of glycoconjugates to determine cell fates, which are associated with their expression pattern and structural characteristic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Yagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan. .,Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, 5-1 Higashiyama Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.
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12
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Labeling of neuronal differentiation and neuron cells with biocompatible fluorescent nanodiamonds. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5004. [PMID: 24830447 PMCID: PMC4023134 DOI: 10.1038/srep05004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanodiamond is a promising carbon nanomaterial developed for biomedical applications. Here, we show fluorescent nanodiamond (FND) with the biocompatible properties that can be used for the labeling and tracking of neuronal differentiation and neuron cells derived from embryonal carcinoma stem (ECS) cells. The fluorescence intensities of FNDs were increased by treatment with FNDs in both the mouse P19 and human NT2/D1 ECS cells. FNDs were taken into ECS cells; however, FNDs did not alter the cellular morphology and growth ability. Moreover, FNDs did not change the protein expression of stem cell marker SSEA-1 of ECS cells. The neuronal differentiation of ECS cells could be induced by retinoic acid (RA). Interestingly, FNDs did not affect on the morphological alteration, cytotoxicity and apoptosis during the neuronal differentiation. Besides, FNDs did not alter the cell viability and the expression of neuron-specific marker β-III-tubulin in these differentiated neuron cells. The existence of FNDs in the neuron cells can be identified by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Together, FND is a biocompatible and readily detectable nanomaterial for the labeling and tracking of neuronal differentiation process and neuron cells from stem cells.
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Itokazu Y, Yu RK. Amyloid β-peptide 1-42 modulates the proliferation of mouse neural stem cells: upregulation of fucosyltransferase IX and notch signaling. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:186-96. [PMID: 24436056 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8634-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid β-peptides (Aβs) aggregate to form amyloid plaques, also known as senile plaques, which are a major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβs are reported to possess proliferation effects on neural stem cells (NSCs); however, this effect remains controversial. Thus, clarification of their physiological function is an important topic. We have systematically evaluated the effects of several putative bioactive Aβs (Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, and Aβ25-35) on NSC proliferation. Treatment of NSCs with Aβ1-42 significantly increased the number of those cells (149 ± 10 %). This was not observed with Aβ1-40 which did not have any effects on the proliferative property of NSC. Aβ25-35, on the other hand, exhibited inhibitory effects on cellular proliferation. Since cell surface glycoconjugates, such as glycolipids, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans, are known to be important for maintaining cell fate determination, including cellular proliferation, in NSCs and they undergo dramatic changes during differentiation, we examined the effect of Aβs on a number of key glycoconjugate metabolizing enzymes. Significantly, we found for the first time that Aβ1-42 altered the expression of several key glycosyltransferases and glycosidases, including fucosyltransferase IX (FUT9), sialyltransferase III (ST-III), glucosylceramide ceramidase (GLCC), and mitochondrial sialidase (Neu4). FUT9 is a key enzyme for the synthesis of the Lewis X carbohydrate epitope, which is known to be expressed in stem cells. Aβ1-42 also stimulated the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD) by upregulation of the expression of Musashi-1 and the paired box protein, Pax6. Thus, Aβ1-42 upregulates NSC proliferation by modulating the expression of several glycogenes involved in Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Itokazu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics and Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
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14
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Glycolipid and Glycoprotein Expression During Neural Development. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 9:185-222. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1154-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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LewisX: A neural stem cell specific glycan? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:830-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Yagi H, Saito T, Yanagisawa M, Yu RK, Kato K. Lewis X-carrying N-glycans regulate the proliferation of mouse embryonic neural stem cells via the Notch signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:24356-64. [PMID: 22645129 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.365643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) possess high proliferative potential and the capacity for self-renewal with retention of multipotency to differentiate into brain-forming cells. Several signaling pathways have been shown to be involved in the fate determination process of NSCs, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of neural cell stemness remain largely unknown. Our previous study showed that human natural killer carbohydrate epitopes expressed specifically by mouse NSCs modulate the Ras-MAPK pathway, raising the possibility of regulatory roles of glycoprotein glycans in the specific signaling pathways involved in NSC fate determination. To address this issue, we performed comparative N-glycosylation profiling of NSCs before and after differentiation in a comprehensive and quantitative manner. We found that Lewis X-carrying N-glycans were specifically displayed on undifferentiated cells, whereas pauci-mannose-type N-glycans were predominantly expressed on differentiated cells. Furthermore, by knocking down a fucosyltransferase 9 with short interfering RNA, we demonstrated that the Lewis X-carrying N-glycans were actively involved in the proliferation of NSCs via modulation of the expression level of Musashi-1, which is an activator of the Notch signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that Lewis X carbohydrates, which have so far been characterized as undifferentiation markers, actually operate as activators of the Notch signaling pathway for the maintenance of NSC stemness during brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Yagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
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17
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Abstract
NSCs (neural stem cells) are undifferentiated neural cells endowed with a high potential for proliferation and a capacity for self-renewal with retention of multipotency to differentiate into neurons and glial cells. It has been recently reported that GD3, a b-series ganglioside, is a marker molecule for identifying and isolating mouse NSCs. However, the expression of gangliosides in human NSCs is largely unknown. In the present study, we analysed the expression of gangliosides, GD2 and GD3, in human NSCs that were isolated from human brains at gestational week 17 in the form of neurospheres, which are floating clonal aggregates formed by NSCs in vitro. Employing immunocytochemistry, we found that human NSCs were strongly reactive to anti-GD2 antibody and relatively weakly reactive to anti-GD3 antibody. Treatment of these cells with an organic solvent such as 100% methanol, which selectively removes glycolipids from plasma membrane, abolished the immunoreactivity with those antibodies, indicating that the reactivity was due to GD2 and GD3, but not to GD2-/GD3-like glycoproteins or proteoglycans. The immunoreactivity of human NSCs to antibody against SSEA-1 (stage-specific embryonic antigen-1), a well-known carbohydrate antigen of NSCs, was not decreased by the treatment with 100% methanol, indicating that SSEA-1 is mainly carried by glycoproteins and/or proteoglycans in human NSCs. Our study suggests that GD2 and GD3 can be marker gangliosides for identifying human NSCs.
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Hennen E, Czopka T, Faissner A. Structurally distinct LewisX glycans distinguish subpopulations of neural stem/progenitor cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:16321-31. [PMID: 21385876 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.201095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the stem and progenitor cell population that builds the central nervous system is very heterogeneous. Stem cell markers with the potential to divide this cell pool into subpopulations with distinct characteristics are sparse. We were looking for new cell type-specific antigens to further subdivide the progenitor pool. Here, we introduce the novel monoclonal antibody clone 5750. We show that it specifically labels cell surfaces of neural stem and progenitor cells. When 5750-expressing cells were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting from embryonic mouse brains, the sorted population showed increased neurosphere forming capacity and multipotency. Neurospheres generated from 5750-positive cells could self-renew and remained multipotent even after prolonged passaging. Carbohydrate binding assays revealed that the 5750 antibody specifically binds to LewisX-related carbohydrates. Interestingly, we found that the LewisX epitope recognized by clone 5750 differs from those detected by other anti-LewisX antibody clones like 487(LeX), SSEA-1(LeX), and MMA(LeX). Our data further reveal that individual anti-LewisX clones can be successfully used to label and deplete different subpopulations of neural cells in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, we present a new tool for the isolation and characterization of neural subpopulations and provide insights into the complexity of cell surface glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hennen
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
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Yagi H, Yanagisawa M, Suzuki Y, Nakatani Y, Ariga T, Kato K, Yu RK. HNK-1 epitope-carrying tenascin-C spliced variant regulates the proliferation of mouse embryonic neural stem cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:37293-301. [PMID: 20855890 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.157081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) possess high proliferative potential and the capacity for self-renewal with retention of multipotency to differentiate into neuronal and glial cells. NSCs are the source for neurogenesis during central nervous system development from fetal and adult stages. Although the human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) carbohydrate epitope is expressed predominantly in the nervous system and involved in intercellular adhesion, cell migration, and synaptic plasticity, the expression patterns and functional roles of HNK-1-containing glycoconjugates in NSCs have not been fully recognized. We found that HNK-1 was expressed in embryonic mouse NSCs and that this expression was lost during the process of differentiation. Based on proteomics analysis, it was revealed that the HNK-1 epitopes were almost exclusively displayed on an extracellular matrix protein, tenascin-C (TNC), in the mouse embryonic NSCs. Furthermore, the HNK-1 epitope was found to be present only on the largest isoform of the TNC molecules. In addition, the expression of HNK-1 was dependent on expression of the largest TNC variant but not by enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of HNK-1. By knocking down HNK-1 sulfotransferase or TNC by small interfering RNA, we further demonstrated that HNK-1 on TNC was involved in the proliferation of NSCs via modulation of the expression level of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Our finding provides insights into the function of HNK-1 carbohydrate epitopes in NSCs to maintain stemness during neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Yagi
- From the Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics and Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912
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