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Liu C, Otsuka K, Kawai T. Recent advances in microscale separation techniques for glycome analysis. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2400170. [PMID: 38863084 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The glycomic analysis holds significant appeal due to the diverse roles that glycans and glycoconjugates play, acting as modulators and mediators in cellular interactions, cell/organism structure, drugs, energy sources, glyconanomaterials, and more. The glycomic analysis relies on liquid-phase separation technologies for molecular purification, separation, and identification. As a miniaturized form of liquid-phase separation technology, microscale separation technologies offer various advantages such as environmental friendliness, high resolution, sensitivity, fast speed, and integration capabilities. For glycan analysis, microscale separation technologies are continuously evolving to address the increasing challenges in their unique manners. This review discusses the fundamentals and applications of microscale separation technologies for glycomic analysis. It covers liquid-phase separation technologies operating at scales generally less than 100 µm, including capillary electrophoresis, nanoflow liquid chromatography, and microchip electrophoresis. We will provide a brief overview of glycomic analysis and describe new strategies in microscale separation and their applications in glycan analysis from 2014 to 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Otsuka
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Research Administration Center, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Recent capillary electrophoresis applications for upstream and downstream biopharmaceutical process monitoring. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Trbojević-Akmačić I, Lageveen-Kammeijer GSM, Heijs B, Petrović T, Deriš H, Wuhrer M, Lauc G. High-Throughput Glycomic Methods. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15865-15913. [PMID: 35797639 PMCID: PMC9614987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycomics aims to identify the structure and function of the glycome, the complete set of oligosaccharides (glycans), produced in a given cell or organism, as well as to identify genes and other factors that govern glycosylation. This challenging endeavor requires highly robust, sensitive, and potentially automatable analytical technologies for the analysis of hundreds or thousands of glycomes in a timely manner (termed high-throughput glycomics). This review provides a historic overview as well as highlights recent developments and challenges of glycomic profiling by the most prominent high-throughput glycomic approaches, with N-glycosylation analysis as the focal point. It describes the current state-of-the-art regarding levels of characterization and most widely used technologies, selected applications of high-throughput glycomics in deciphering glycosylation process in healthy and disease states, as well as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bram Heijs
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tea Petrović
- Genos,
Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Helena Deriš
- Genos,
Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos,
Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University
of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Szabo M, Filep C, Nagy M, Sarkozy D, Szigeti M, Sperling E, Csanky E, Guttman A. N-glycosylation structure - function characterization of omalizumab, an anti-asthma biotherapeutic product. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 209:114483. [PMID: 34864596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Omalizumab, a glycoprotein based biotherapeutics, is one of the most frequently used targeted antibody biopharmaceutical to reduce asthma exacerbations, improve lung function and reduce oral corticosteroid use. The effector function and clearance time of such glycoprotein drugs is affected by their N-glycosylation, that defines the required administration frequency to improve the quality of life in appropriately selected patients. Therefore, the glycosylation of biologics is an important critical quality attribute (CQA). The profile of asparagine linked carbohydrates is greatly dependent on the manufacturing process. Even a small deviation may have a major effect on the structure and therefore the function of the biotherapeutic product. For this reason, comprehensive N-glycosylation analysis is of high importance during production and release. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is one of the frequently used tools to characterize protein therapeutics and utilized by the biopharmaceutical industry for protein and glycan level analysis, which are key parts both for drug development and quality control. To reveal important structure - function relationships, characterization of omalizumab is presented using capillary SDS gel electrophoresis with UV detection at the protein level and capillary gel electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescent detection at the N-linked carbohydrate level. This latter technique was also used for oligosaccharide sequencing for glycan structure validation. The results suggested no ADCC function - structure relationship due to the mostly core fucosylated biantennary glycans found. However, the presence of the high mannose structures probably affects the clearance rate of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Csenge Filep
- Horváth Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mate Nagy
- Horváth Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Daniel Sarkozy
- Horváth Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Marton Szigeti
- Translational Glycomics Group, Research Institute for Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Hungary
| | - Edit Sperling
- Horváth Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Andras Guttman
- Horváth Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Translational Glycomics Group, Research Institute for Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Hungary.
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Torok R, Horompoly K, Szigeti M, Guttman A, Vitai M, Koranyi L, Jarvas G. N-Glycosylation Profiling of Human Blood in Type 2 Diabetes by Capillary Electrophoresis: A Preliminary Study. Molecules 2021; 26:6399. [PMID: 34770808 PMCID: PMC8586923 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, diagnosing type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a great challenge. Thus, there is a need to find rapid, simple, and reliable analytical methods that can detect the disease at an early stage. The aim of this work was to shed light on the importance of sample collection options, sample preparation conditions, and the applied capillary electrophoresis bioanalytical technique, for a high-resolution determination of the N-glycan profile in human blood samples of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). To achieve the profile information of these complex oligosaccharides, linked by asparagine to hIgG in the blood, the glycoproteins of the samples needed to be cleaved, labelled, and purified with sufficient yield and selectivity. The resulting samples were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis, with laser-induced fluorescence detection. After separation parameter optimization, the capillary electrophoresis technique was implemented for efficient N-glycan profiling of whole blood samples from the diabetic patients. Our results revealed that there were subtle differences between the N-glycan profiles of the diabetic and control samples; in particular, two N-glycan structures were identified as potential glycobiomarkers that could reveal significant changes between the untreated/treated type 2 diabetic and control samples. By analyzing the resulting oligosaccharide profiles, clinically relevant information was obtained, revealing the differences between the untreated and HMG-CoA reductase-inhibitor-treated diabetic patients on changes in the N-glycan profile in the blood. In addition, the information from specific IgG N-glycosylation profiles in T2D could shed light on underlying inflammatory pathophysiological processes and lead to drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Torok
- Translational Glycomics Research Group, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprem, Hungary; (R.T.); (K.H.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Klaudia Horompoly
- Translational Glycomics Research Group, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprem, Hungary; (R.T.); (K.H.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Marton Szigeti
- Translational Glycomics Research Group, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprem, Hungary; (R.T.); (K.H.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Andras Guttman
- Translational Glycomics Research Group, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprem, Hungary; (R.T.); (K.H.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
- Horvath Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Marta Vitai
- DRC Drug Research Center Ltd., 8230 Balatonfured, Hungary; (M.V.); (L.K.)
| | - Laszlo Koranyi
- DRC Drug Research Center Ltd., 8230 Balatonfured, Hungary; (M.V.); (L.K.)
| | - Gabor Jarvas
- Translational Glycomics Research Group, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprem, Hungary; (R.T.); (K.H.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
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Walsh I, Choo MSF, Chiin SL, Mak A, Tay SJ, Rudd PM, Yuansheng Y, Choo A, Swan HY, Nguyen-Khuong T. Clustering and curation of electropherograms: an efficient method for analyzing large cohorts of capillary electrophoresis glycomic profiles for bioprocessing operations. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2087-2099. [PMID: 32952725 PMCID: PMC7476600 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate assessment of antibody glycosylation during bioprocessing requires the high-throughput generation of large amounts of glycomics data. This allows bioprocess engineers to identify critical process parameters that control the glycosylation critical quality attributes. The advances made in protocols for capillary electrophoresis-laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) measurements of antibody N-glycans have increased the potential for generating large datasets of N-glycosylation values for assessment. With large cohorts of CE-LIF data, peak picking and peak area calculations still remain a problem for fast and accurate quantitation, despite the presence of internal and external standards to reduce misalignment for the qualitative analysis. The peak picking and area calculation problems are often due to fluctuations introduced by varying process conditions resulting in heterogeneous peak shapes. Additionally, peaks with co-eluting glycans can produce peaks of a non-Gaussian nature in some process conditions and not in others. Here, we describe an approach to quantitatively and qualitatively curate large cohort CE-LIF glycomics data. For glycan identification, a previously reported method based on internal triple standards is used. For determining the glycan relative quantities our method uses a clustering algorithm to ‘divide and conquer’ highly heterogeneous electropherograms into similar groups, making it easier to define peaks manually. Open-source software is then used to determine peak areas of the manually defined peaks. We successfully applied this semi-automated method to a dataset (containing 391 glycoprofiles) of monoclonal antibody biosimilars from a bioreactor optimization study. The key advantage of this computational approach is that all runs can be analyzed simultaneously with high accuracy in glycan identification and quantitation and there is no theoretical limit to the scale of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Walsh
- Analytics Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute - Agency for Science Technology and Research. Singapore 138668
| | - Matthew S F Choo
- Analytics Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute - Agency for Science Technology and Research. Singapore 138668
| | - Sim Lyn Chiin
- Analytics Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute - Agency for Science Technology and Research. Singapore 138668
| | - Amelia Mak
- Analytics Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute - Agency for Science Technology and Research. Singapore 138668
| | - Shi Jie Tay
- Analytics Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute - Agency for Science Technology and Research. Singapore 138668
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- Analytics Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute - Agency for Science Technology and Research. Singapore 138668.,University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yang Yuansheng
- Animal Cell Technology Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138668
| | - Andre Choo
- Stem Cells 1 Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute - Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138668.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117575
| | - Ho Ying Swan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117575
| | - Terry Nguyen-Khuong
- Analytics Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute - Agency for Science Technology and Research. Singapore 138668
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