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Lin CL. Postpartum medical utilization: The role of prenatal economic activity and living costs. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2021; 41:100989. [PMID: 33784611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2021.100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first to explore the extent to which prenatal economic fluctuations affect postpartum outpatient care utilization during three-month, six-month, and one-year postpartum periods in Taiwan and to document their counter-cyclical patterns for economic activity and pro-cyclical patterns for the CPI change rate. We present evidence that medical care utilization occurring during the postpartum period is sensitive to economic activity within the first trimester of pregnancy and the CPI change rate within the second trimester. The findings herein reveal that negative prenatal economic shocks lead to a higher probability of cesarean section, more outpatient visits for depressive disorders, hypertension, gestational diabetes, and anemia in the pregnancy period, and a lower number of prenatal care visits that could deteriorate postpartum maternal health. Moreover, our results are consistent with low-salary and private-sector-employed mothers who face credit constraints and experience the risk of losing their job, respectively, during a decline in economic activity and who subsequently suffer from nutritional deficits and maternal stress that lead to postpartum health deterioration. Conversely, high-salary mothers do not face credit constraints and have greater coping ability to deal with stress and nutritional problems, while public-sector-employed mothers are affected only by nutrition.
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Abdou R, Cassells D, Berrill J, Hanly J. An empirical investigation of the relationship between business performance and suicide in the US. Soc Sci Med 2020; 264:113256. [PMID: 32861051 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that mortality rates behave pro-cyclically with respect to economic growth, with suicides representing a notable exception that consistently increase in economic downturns. Over recent years, there is ample evidence in the literature that the working environment in the US has deteriorated significantly, suggesting that suicide rates may not necessarily behave in a counter-cyclical manner with business performance. Utilising recent suicide data, this study empirically tests the hypothesis that adverse working conditions over recent years may have resulted in a pro-cyclical relationship between business performance and suicide. Unlike previous studies, we use a stock market index, a leading macroeconomic indicator, to measure economic conditions from a business perspective. We employ the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) co-integration methodology to study the long-run relationship between monthly S&P500 stock market data and age and gender-specific suicide rates during the period January 1999 to July 2017. Our results highlight substantial differences in age groups responses to fluctuations in business performance. We find a clear positive association between business performance and suicide rates for the youngest males and females aged 15-34 years, indicating that there is a human cost associated with improved business performance. Additionally, we investigate the association between economic insecurity, a unique aspect of the recent deterioration in the working environment, using the Implied Volatility Index "VIX" and age and gender-specific suicide rates. Our findings do not support a population-wide adverse impact of economic insecurity on suicide incidences. The exception was males aged 15-24, and females aged 55-64 for whom we find a significant positive association. Teaching work-life management and problem-solving skills to manage everyday work stressors may be important strategies to mitigate the psychological cost of business successes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawayda Abdou
- College of Business, Technological University Dublin, Aungier Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Damien Cassells
- College of Business, Technological University Dublin, Aungier Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Jenny Berrill
- Trinity Business School, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Jim Hanly
- College of Business, Technological University Dublin, Aungier Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Qin X, Liao H, Zheng X, Liu X. Stock Market Exposure and Anxiety in a Turbulent Market: Evidence From China. Front Psychol 2019; 10:328. [PMID: 30873073 PMCID: PMC6401606 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The stock market in China has experienced significant turbulence since July 2014, including a bull market. In this paper, we propose that exposure to stock (defined as the condition of being exposed to both stock and stock-related information) can induce anxiety disorder when the market is in a turbulent period. To examine this prediction, we designed two studies in which we operationalized exposure to stock in two different ways. In Study 1, a panel analysis of a longitudinal data set for the Chinese stock market from January 2014 to July 2015 demonstrated that exposure to stock had a significant positive impact on individuals' anxiety disorder, even in a bull market. Study 2, employing priming experiments, further supported that a temporarily primed "stock mindset" subconsciously increased participants' anxiety. In addition, Study 2 revealed that physical exercise helped attenuate the detrimental impact of exposure to stock on mental well-being. This research demonstrates the detrimental impact of exposure to a turbulent stock market - even a rising market - on individuals' mental health. Furthermore, it identifies an effective way to buffer such impact, and suggests ways for social scientists to employ search engines and the related data sets to obtain psychological or behavioral information (especially emotions and emotion disorders) by examining longitudinal "Big Data."
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qin
- Sun Yat-sen Business School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liao
- Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Xiaoming Zheng
- School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Renmin Business School, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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Chen D, Petrie D, Tang K, Wu D. Retirement saving and mental health in China. Health Promot Int 2017; 33:801-811. [DOI: 10.1093/heapro/dax029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- School of Economics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dennis Petrie
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Kam Tang
- School of Economics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dongjie Wu
- School of Economics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Chen CC, Lin YT, Liu TC, Chen CS. Economic Stress and Mental Health: The Relationship Between the Stock Market and Neurotic Disorder Doctor Visits. Stress Health 2016; 32:607-615. [PMID: 27017837 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates the relationship between the stock market and the neurotic disorder doctor visits. We use aggregate data, partition the population by age and gender and examine the impact of changes in the stock market on neurotic disorders. Using doctor visits as a proxy measure of morbidity, we find evidence of some relationship between neurotic disorder morbidity and stock market variations. A stock market falling in a single day and the accumulation of daily stock market drops are both associated with more neurotic disorder doctor visits. We also observe more neurotic disorder doctor visits during periods of a low stock index for the elderly, regardless of gender. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chih Chen
- Department of Economics, National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Tzu Lin
- Public Finance and Finance Research Center, National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ching Liu
- Department of Public Finance, National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Shyan Chen
- Department of Economics, National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Chang FW, Lee WY, Liu YP, Yang JJ, Chen SP, Cheng KC, Lin YC, Ho TW, Chiu FH, Hsu RJ, Liu JM. The relationship between economic conditions and postpartum depression in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based study. J Affect Disord 2016; 204:174-9. [PMID: 27362733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding mothers' economic conditions and postpartum depression (PPD) is important for determining how they will take care of themselves and their infants during the postnatal period, especially for low-income families. This study examined the relationship between economic conditions and PPD to elucidate the effect of economic contraction on PPD. METHODS Our population-based nationwide study used 2000-2013 the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. A total of 1240 newly diagnosed PPD patients were recruited. We used the database of the Directorate General of Budget, Accounting, and Statistics of Executive Yuan of Taiwan for national economic indicators. The correlation between economic indicators and PPD was examined. RESULTS The PPD incidence was positively correlated with yearly unemployment rate, consumer price index, and gross domestic product. During the great recession of 2008-2009, PPD was positively correlated with inflation rate. Consumer price index had a positive correlation with PPD incidence per month when comparing PPD in 2010 with the economic indicators during the great recession. LIMITATIONS As this retrospective study evaluated macroeconomic indicators, it is unclear whether the macroeconomic indicators' effect on PPD totally reflects the effect of true personal economic status on PPD. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant association between PPD and economic conditions. This study shows that mothers' familial environment plays an important role in the development of PPD. The impact of the worldwide economic downturn of the great recession on women is persistent. This useful finding may give health policy planners a hint of early discovering and dealing with PPD when worldwide economic downturn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fung-Wei Chang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Ying Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Ping Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Jung Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Pin Chen
- Division of Genetics and endocrinology, Chang Gung Children's and Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Chen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yan-Cen Lin
- Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Department of Nursing, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Te-Wei Ho
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-Hsiang Chiu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Superintendent office, Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang province, China.
| | - Ren-Jun Hsu
- Biobank Management Center of Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jui-Ming Liu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Using 10-year population data from 2000 through 2009 in Taiwan, this is the first paper to analyze the relationship between margin trading in stock markets and stroke hospitalizations. The results show that 3 and 6 days after an increase of margin trading in the Taiwan stock markets are associated with greater stoke hospitalizations. In general, a 1 % increase in total margin trading positions is associated with an increment of 2.5 in the total number of stroke hospitalizations, where the mean number of hospital admissions is 233 cases a day. We further examine the effects of margin trading by gender and age groups and find that the effects of margin trading are significant for males and those who are 45-74 years old only. In summary, buying stocks with money you do not have is quite risky, especially if the prices of those stocks fall past a certain level or if there is a sudden and severe drop in the stock market. There is also a hidden danger to one's health from margin trading. A person should be cautious before conducting margin trading, because while it can be quite profitable, danger always lurks just around the corner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hui Lin
- Department of Finance, National Changhua University of Education, 2, Shi-Da Road, Changhua City, 500, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Ho Wang
- Department of Economics, National Taipei University, 151, University Rd., San Shia, New Taipei City, 23741, Taiwan.
| | - Tsai-Ching Liu
- Department of Public Finance, National Taipei University, 151, University Rd., San Shia, New Taipei City, 23741, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Shyan Chen
- Department of Economics, National Taipei University, 151, University Rd., San Shia, New Taipei City, 23741, Taiwan.
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