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Tzikas A, Koulierakis G, Athanasakis K, Merakou K. Nudging Interventions on Stair Use: A Scoping Review. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2024:10.1007/s10935-024-00790-2. [PMID: 38877174 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-024-00790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Stair use is a physical activity that can be incorporated into the daily lifestyle of a majority of the population, resulting in several health benefits. Nudges are increasingly used in public health interventions to encourage healthy behaviours such as physical activity in a cost-effective manner. This scoping review aimed to investigate the effect and the characteristics of nudges used on interventions to promote stair use. We reviewed the relevant literature published in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Mendeley and Google Scholar, from January 2009 to May 2022. Eligibility criteria included original studies of any type of design, written in English, targeting healthy adults, reporting nudging interventions, using elevator or escalator as comparators and defining a baseline for comparisons. Initially, 118 publications were identified, and after applying exclusion criteria, 27 articles were included in the analysis. Results showed that most of the nudging interventions had significant positive effect on stair use in several settings. The evidence from this review suggests that incorporating nudges into public health interventions can effectively promote physical activity through increased stair usage. Emphasizing prevention measures in public health interventions may contribute to better health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Tzikas
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece.
| | - George Koulierakis
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Health Determinants and Well-Being, Division of Epidemiology, Prevention and Quality of Life, Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Athanasakis
- Laboratory for Health Technology Assessment, Division of Health Systems and Policy, Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriakoula Merakou
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Health Determinants and Well-Being, Division of Epidemiology, Prevention and Quality of Life, Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
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Quigg R, Marsh L, Clark-Heu B. Indigenous Māori perspectives of smokefree parks. Aust N Z J Public Health 2022; 46:469-476. [PMID: 35678963 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to understand the context of place associated with smoking in urban Hamilton parks from a Te Ao Māori perspective (the worldview of Māori, the Indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand). METHODS Our study approached smokefree environments in Hamilton through a Māori lens, undertaking interviews with family groups and people from organisations involved in the local Smokefree environments policy. RESULTS The majority of the 26 adult participants identified as Māori, with 30% being current smokers. Parks had a place in the sporting memories of participants. Smoking was merged with these memories. Important features of places that influenced smoking behaviours were raised, with signage a key talking point. CONCLUSIONS The colonial construct of parks do not make visible Māori values and historical associations with the land, nor do they set a framework that would promote Māori ways of being and doing, including enacting smokefree spaces and places. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH This study provides the incentive to address change in parks and reserve management that would support Māori aspirations for their health and wellbeing associated with ancestral land, and give meaning to smokefree environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Quigg
- Raukawa, Ngāi Tahu Māori Health Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - Louise Marsh
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - Bobbi Clark-Heu
- Waikato-Tainui, Department of Public Health, Wellington School of Medicine, University of Otago, Aotearoa, New Zealand
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Yoon A, Choi S, Mun J, Hong J, Hahn D, Kang M, Lee S. Motivational signage increases stair usage on a Hispanic serving institution. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2020; 68:236-241. [PMID: 30570444 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1539000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Stair climbing is considered a good physical activity. Motivational signage has been successful in promoting stair usage in various settings. This study was to investigate the effects of motivational signage on stair usage in a Hispanic serving institution. Participants: A total of 31,067 pedestrians were observed from February to March 2013. Methods: Stair usage was monitored for 9 h per day each week at phase 1 (baseline), 2 (intervention), and 3 (post-intervention). Results: Overall, participants' stair usage was higher during phase 2 (49.0%) and phase 3 (48.0%), compared with phase 1 (39.7%). The participants during phase 2 and 3 were more likely to use the stairs compared to participants during phase 1, regardless of floor level (3-story or 4-story building), status (student or staff/faculty), and time of day (7:30-10:29, 10:30-13:29, or 13:30-16:30) (p < .001). Conclusion: Motivational signage can effectively encourage more stair usage, and hence promote healthy behavior in a predominantly Hispanic-serving institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Yoon
- Department of Health & Human Performance, Albany State University, Albany, Georgia, USA
| | - Soonmi Choi
- Department of Athletic Training and Exercise Physiology, Midwestern State University, Wichita Falls, Texas, USA
| | - Junbae Mun
- Department of Health & Human Performance, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA
| | - Junyoung Hong
- Department of Health & Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dongwoo Hahn
- College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Minsoo Kang
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Sukho Lee
- Department of Counseling, Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Forberger S, Reisch L, Kampfmann T, Zeeb H. Nudging to move: a scoping review of the use of choice architecture interventions to promote physical activity in the general population. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:77. [PMID: 31481090 PMCID: PMC6724306 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0844-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nudges are used to alter lifestyles and thus curb the rise of non-communicable diseases. Physical activity is a core prevention strategy to reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases. This paper aims to (1) give an overview of the scope of interventions using choice architecture techniques to promote physical activity at the population levels and (2) identify research gaps by analysing the different approaches in terms of class and type of intervention used. Methods A systematic electronic database search was combined with snowball citation sampling of a starter set of publications to search for studies published through October 2018 reporting interventions to promote physical activity at the population level using choice architecture techniques. The methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute for Scoping Reviews was applied. Results In all, 35 publications were included. Most of the interventions used point-of-choice prompts tested at railway stations, shopping malls and airports (N = 27). Eight studies were online studies. While all studies were aimed at the general population, details, if reported at all, were vague and basic. All studies focused on individual-level lifestyle behaviour. None of the studies attempted to alter population-based lifestyle behaviour. Online and “real-world” approaches were rarely combined. Neither, interventions targeting meso- and macro-level structures nor combinations of individual-level and specific meso- or macro-level interventions were found. Conclusion Nudging is in principle an effective approach to promote physical activity within the general population. However, there are large gaps in research. Available opportunities have not yet been exhausted. Further research is needed that is explicitly based on behavioural insights and covering the full range of nudging approaches, particularly focussing on theoretical developments, practical feasibility tests and scale-up activities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12966-019-0844-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Forberger
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - L Reisch
- Leibniz-Chair, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,Copenhagen Business School, MSC, Dalgas Have 15, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - T Kampfmann
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - H Zeeb
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Hongu N, Shimada M, Miyake R, Nakajima Y, Nakajima I, Yoshitake Y. Promoting Stair Climbing as an Exercise Routine among Healthy Older Adults Attending a Community-Based Physical Activity Program. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:E23. [PMID: 30669254 PMCID: PMC6359596 DOI: 10.3390/sports7010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Stair climbing provides a feasible opportunity for increasing physical activity (PA) in daily living. The purpose of this study was to examine the daily walking and stair-climbing steps among healthy older adults (age: 74.0 ± 4.9 years; Body Mass Index (BMI): 22.3 ± 2.5 kg/m²). Participants (34 females and 15 males) attended a weekly 6-month community-based PA program. During the entire program period, daily walking and stair-climbing steps were recorded using a pedometer (Omron, HJA-403C, Kyoto, Japan). Before and after the 6-month program, height, body weight and leg muscle strength were assessed. After the 6-month program, the mean walking and stair-climbing steps in both women and men increased significantly (p ≤ 0.01). Daily stair-climbing steps increased about 36 steps in women and 47 steps in men. At the end of 6 months, only male participants had significant correlation between the number of stair steps and leg muscle strength (r = 0.428, p = 0.037). This study reported that healthy older adults attending the community-based PA program had regular stair-climbing steps during daily living. Promoting stair climbing as an exercise routine was feasible to increase their walking and stair-climbing steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Hongu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0038, USA.
| | - Mieko Shimada
- Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Chiba 261-0014, Japan.
| | - Rieko Miyake
- Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Chiba 261-0014, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Nakajima
- Comprehensive Welfare, Urawa University, Saitama 336-0974, Japan.
| | - Ichirou Nakajima
- Department of Physical Education, International Budo University, Chiba 299-5295, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Yoshitake
- National Institute of Fitness & Sports in Kanoya, Kagoshima 891-2311, Japan.
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Van Hoecke AS, Seghers J, Boen F. Promoting Stair Climbing in a Worksite and Public Setting: Are Footprints Enough? Am J Health Promot 2017; 32:527-535. [PMID: 29214829 DOI: 10.1177/0890117117694284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of footprints on stair climbing in different settings. DESIGN Interrupted time-series design. SETTING A company (stair/elevator choice) and a mall (stair/escalator choice). PARTICIPANTS Employees (n = 5676) and visitors of the mall (n = 12 623). INTERVENTION An intervention comprising 3 consecutive phases was implemented-(1) footprints leading to the stairs were stuck on the floor, (2) a health message referring to the footprints was introduced, and (3) passersby were congratulated for their increased stair use. MEASURES Stair climbing was observed before (ie, baseline), during, and 6 to 13 weeks after (ie, follow-up) the intervention. ANALYSIS Proportions of stair climbers were compared using χ2 analyses. RESULTS The footprints resulted in a closely significant increase in stair climbing in the company (from 27.7% at baseline to 31.2% in phase 1). However, they did not produce any effect in the mall. Introducing a health message yielded an additional 12.4% increase in stair climbing in the company and a significant 11.4% increase in the mall (22.3% in phase 2). Congratulating people did not further increase stair climbing. At follow-up, the proportions of stair climbers dropped but still exceeded baseline. CONCLUSION Footprints tend to increase stair climbing in a worksite setting with a stair/escalator choice but not in a public setting with a stair/elevator choice. Adding a meaningful message seems essential to obtain stronger and longer term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Seghers
- 1 Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Filip Boen
- 1 Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
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Platter HN, Pokorny SB. Smoke-free signage in public parks: impacts on smoking behaviour. Tob Control 2017; 27:470-473. [DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveBehavioural interventions, such as smoke-free signage, are used to support air quality in public outdoor spaces that are not protected by a smoke-free policy, such as states with preemptive clause legislation. However, there is little evidence of the effectiveness of these interventions. This paper is an evaluation of whether smoke-free signage posted in public parks altered smoking behaviours of park patrons.MethodsA time-series quasi-experimental design was used. Cigarette butts were collected at the same day and time every week in ten amenities within four parks in 2011. Each park completed a baseline period until a stable trend emerged at six weeks, then received smoke-free signage for the six week intervention period. There were 1684 cigarette butts collected during baseline and 1008 collected during the intervention phase.FindingsWilcoxon signed-rank test demonstrated that smoking at seven out of ten amenities decreased and the overall decrease was significant at p=0.028. Individual parks and amenities grouped by type did not experience a statistically significant change. A neighbourhood median income trend was visually discovered, revealing that as income increased, there was a greater decrease in cigarette butts.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence on the impact of smoke-free signage not supported by local ordinance in public parks using a reproducible measure. States, especially those with a preemptive clause legislation, may benefit from incorporating smoke-free signage in public areas to protect community members from exposure to tobacco smoke, reduce littering, and denormalise smoking.
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Van Calster L, Van Hoecke AS, Octaef A, Boen F. Does a video displaying a stair climbing model increase stair use in a worksite setting? Public Health 2017; 149:11-20. [PMID: 28521189 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the effects of improving the visibility of the stairwell and of displaying a video with a stair climbing model on climbing and descending stair use in a worksite setting. STUDY DESIGN Intervention study. METHODS Three consecutive one-week intervention phases were implemented: (1) the visibility of the stairs was improved by the attachment of pictograms that indicated the stairwell; (2) a video showing a stair climbing model was sent to the employees by email; and (3) the same video was displayed on a television screen at the point-of-choice (POC) between the stairs and the elevator. The interventions took place in two buildings. The implementation of the interventions varied between these buildings and the sequence was reversed. RESULTS Improving the visibility of the stairs increased both stair climbing (+6%) and descending stair use (+7%) compared with baseline. Sending the video by email yielded no additional effect on stair use. By contrast, displaying the video at the POC increased stair climbing in both buildings by 12.5% on average. One week after the intervention, the positive effects on stair climbing remained in one of the buildings, but not in the other. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that improving the visibility of the stairwell and displaying a stair climbing model on a screen at the POC can result in a short-term increase in both climbing and descending stair use.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Van Calster
- Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - A-S Van Hoecke
- Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - A Octaef
- Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Boen
- Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Jennings CA, Yun L, Loitz CC, Lee EY, Mummery WK. A Systematic Review of Interventions to Increase Stair Use. Am J Prev Med 2017; 52:106-114. [PMID: 27720340 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Stair climbing is an accessible activity that can be incorporated into one's daily lifestyle to increase physical activity levels and provide health benefits. This review summarizes the effectiveness of stair interventions and explores key differences that may influence intervention effectiveness. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Interventions to increase stair use published from January 1990 to July 2015 were identified in PubMed, Sport Discus, Web of Science, Environment Complete, CINAHL, Trial Register of Promoting Health Interventions, Embase, Scopus, and PsycINFO. Eligibility criteria included original studies, published in peer-reviewed journals, targeting adult samples, and clearly describing intervention design and results. Studies were also required to measure the use of stairs compared with an elevator, escalator, or moving stairway at baseline and during at least one timepoint when the intervention was in effect. Studies were required to provide data to determine if the intervention resulted in significant changes in stair use/climbing. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The search results yielded 2,136 articles in total; 54 articles met the criteria, which resulted in a final sample of 67 studies included in the analyses. Interventions settings included public sites (75%), worksites (21%), or a combination of both (4%). For Phase 1 results, 72% of studies reported significant improvements in stair use (n=10 of 14) and stair climbing (n=38 of 53). CONCLUSIONS Evidence from the review demonstrates support for the effectiveness of interventions to increase stair use and stair climbing. Although evidence supports the effectiveness of stair interventions in public settings, less support is provided for worksites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cally A Jennings
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Lira Yun
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christina C Loitz
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - W Kerry Mummery
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
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Bellicha A, Kieusseian A, Fontvieille AM, Tataranni A, Charreire H, Oppert JM. Stair-use interventions in worksites and public settings - a systematic review of effectiveness and external validity. Prev Med 2015; 70:3-13. [PMID: 25449692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We performed a literature review with the main aims to propose an updated overview of the effectiveness of stair-use interventions and to determine the most effective type of intervention. METHODS We systematically searched stair-use interventions performed in worksites or public settings, published up to mid 2013. We used a harvest plot approach to visualize the findings in addition to a quantitative synthesis. We also assessed external validity using the Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. RESULTS Of 8571 articles identified, 50 were included. In worksites (25 studies) and public settings (35 studies), an increase in stair climbing was found during the intervention period in 64% and 76% of studies, respectively. Combining motivational and directional signs in worksites or conducting a second intervention phase in public settings increased stair climbing in 83% and 86% of studies, respectively. Elements of external validity were overall largely under-reported. CONCLUSION There is evidence that stair-use interventions are effective to increase stair climbing in public settings, but evidence of such effect is limited in worksites. Issues regarding the best sequencing of interventions or the potential importance of environmental interventions should be addressed in future studies. Process evaluation should be an integral part of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bellicha
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), University Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Kieusseian
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), University Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Hélène Charreire
- Department of Geography, Lab-Urba, Urbanism Institute of Paris, University Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Michel Oppert
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), University Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Paris, France; Department of Nutrition, Pitie-Salpetriere University Hospital (AP-HP), University Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Center for Research on Human Nutrition Ile-de-France (CRNH IdF), Paris, France.
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Kaczynski AT, Wilhelm Stanis SA, Hipp JA. Point-of-decision prompts for increasing park-based physical activity: a crowdsource analysis. Prev Med 2014; 69:87-9. [PMID: 25204987 PMCID: PMC4312231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the potential efficacy of using point-of-decision prompts to influence intentions to be active in a park setting. METHODS In June 2013, participants from across the U.S. (n=250) completed an online experiment using Amazon's Mechanical Turk and Survey Monkey. Participants were randomly exposed to a park photo containing a persuasive, theoretically based message in the form of a sign (treatment) or an identical photo with no sign (control). Differences in intentions to engage in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity within the park were examined between the two conditions for multiple gender, age, and race groups. RESULTS Participants who were exposed to the park photo with the sign reported significantly greater intentions to be active than those who viewed the photo without a sign. This effect was stronger for women and largely null for men, but no differences were observed across age or race groups. CONCLUSION Point-of-decision prompts are a relatively inexpensive, simple, sustainable, and scalable strategy for evoking behavior change in parks and further testing of diverse messages in actual park settings is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Kaczynski
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Room 529, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Sonja A Wilhelm Stanis
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 105 ABNR Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - J Aaron Hipp
- Brown School, Prevention Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, CB 1196, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Lewis A, Eves F. Prompt before the choice is made: Effects of a stair-climbing intervention in university buildings. Br J Health Psychol 2012; 17:631-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8287.2011.02060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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