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Lee E, Ibrahim JG, Zhu H. Bayesian bi-level variable selection for genome-wide survival study. Genomics Inform 2023; 21:e28. [PMID: 37813624 PMCID: PMC10584651 DOI: 10.5808/gi.23047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the onset and evolution of cognitive impairments, often considered a transitional stage to Alzheimer's disease (AD). The genetic traits of MCI patients who experience a rapid progression to AD can enhance early diagnosis capabilities and facilitate drug discovery for AD. While a genome-wide association study (GWAS) is a standard tool for identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to a disease, it fails to detect SNPs with small effect sizes due to stringent control for multiple testing. Additionally, the method does not consider the group structures of SNPs, such as genes or linkage disequilibrium blocks, which can provide valuable insights into the genetic architecture. To address the limitations, we propose a Bayesian bi-level variable selection method that detects SNPs associated with time of conversion from MCI to AD. Our approach integrates group inclusion indicators into an accelerated failure time model to identify important SNP groups. Additionally, we employ data augmentation techniques to impute censored time values using a predictive posterior. We adapt Dirichlet-Laplace shrinkage priors to incorporate the group structure for SNP-level variable selection. In the simulation study, our method outperformed other competing methods regarding variable selection. The analysis of Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data revealed several genes directly or indirectly related to AD, whereas a classical GWAS did not identify any significant SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjee Lee
- Department of Information and Statistics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Joseph G. Ibrahim
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hongtu Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Chakraborty S, Kahali B. Exome-wide analysis reveals role of LRP1 and additional novel loci in cognition. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100208. [PMID: 37305557 PMCID: PMC10248556 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive functioning is heritable, with metabolic risk factors known to accelerate age-associated cognitive decline. Identifying genetic underpinnings of cognition is thus crucial. Here, we undertake single-variant and gene-based association analyses upon 6 neurocognitive phenotypes across 6 cognition domains in whole-exome sequencing data from 157,160 individuals of the UK Biobank cohort to expound the genetic architecture of human cognition. We report 20 independent loci associated with 5 cognitive domains while controlling for APOE isoform-carrier status and metabolic risk factors; 18 of which were not previously reported, and implicated genes relating to oxidative stress, synaptic plasticity and connectivity, and neuroinflammation. A subset of significant hits for cognition indicates mediating effects via metabolic traits. Some of these variants also exhibit pleiotropic effects on metabolic traits. We further identify previously unknown interactions of APOE variants with LRP1 (rs34949484 and others, suggestively significant), AMIGO1 (rs146766120; pAla25Thr, significant), and ITPR3 (rs111522866, significant), controlling for lipid and glycemic risks. Our gene-based analysis also suggests that APOC1 and LRP1 have plausible roles along shared pathways of amyloid beta (Aβ) and lipid and/or glucose metabolism in affecting complex processing speed and visual attention. In addition, we report pairwise suggestive interactions of variants harbored in these genes with APOE affecting visual attention. Our report based on this large-scale exome-wide study highlights the effects of neuronal genes, such as LRP1, AMIGO1, and other genomic loci, thus providing further evidence of the genetic underpinnings for cognition during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Chakraborty
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
- Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Bratati Kahali
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
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Hu Z, Wang X, Meng L, Liu W, Wu F, Meng X. Detection of Association Features Based on Gene Eigenvalues and MRI Imaging Using Genetic Weighted Random Forest. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2344. [PMID: 36553611 PMCID: PMC9777775 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD), jointly analyzing imaging data and genetic data provides an effective method to explore the potential biomarkers of AD. AD can be separated into healthy controls (HC), early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI), late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI) and AD. In the meantime, identifying the important biomarkers of AD progression, and analyzing these biomarkers in AD provide valuable insights into understanding the mechanism of AD. In this paper, we present a novel data fusion method and a genetic weighted random forest method to mine important features. Specifically, we amplify the difference among AD, LMCI, EMCI and HC by introducing eigenvalues calculated from the gene p-value matrix for feature fusion. Furthermore, we construct the genetic weighted random forest using the resulting fused features. Genetic evolution is used to increase the diversity among decision trees and the decision trees generated are weighted by weights. After training, the genetic weighted random forest is analyzed further to detect the significant fused features. The validation experiments highlight the performance and generalization of our proposed model. We analyze the biological significance of the results and identify some significant genes (CSMD1, CDH13, PTPRD, MACROD2 and WWOX). Furthermore, the calcium signaling pathway, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and the glutamatergic synapse pathway were identified. The investigational findings demonstrate that our proposed model presents an accurate and efficient approach to identifying significant biomarkers in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixi Hu
- School of Computer Information and Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China
| | - Xuanyan Wang
- School of Computer Information and Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China
| | - Li Meng
- School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Wenjie Liu
- School of Computer Information and Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China
| | - Feng Wu
- School of Electrical & Information Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China
| | - Xianglian Meng
- School of Computer Information and Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China
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4
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Lahti J, Tuominen S, Yang Q, Pergola G, Ahmad S, Amin N, Armstrong NJ, Beiser A, Bey K, Bis JC, Boerwinkle E, Bressler J, Campbell A, Campbell H, Chen Q, Corley J, Cox SR, Davies G, De Jager PL, Derks EM, Faul JD, Fitzpatrick AL, Fohner AE, Ford I, Fornage M, Gerring Z, Grabe HJ, Grodstein F, Gudnason V, Simonsick E, Holliday EG, Joshi PK, Kajantie E, Kaprio J, Karell P, Kleineidam L, Knol MJ, Kochan NA, Kwok JB, Leber M, Lam M, Lee T, Li S, Loukola A, Luck T, Marioni RE, Mather KA, Medland S, Mirza SS, Nalls MA, Nho K, O'Donnell A, Oldmeadow C, Painter J, Pattie A, Reppermund S, Risacher SL, Rose RJ, Sadashivaiah V, Scholz M, Satizabal CL, Schofield PW, Schraut KE, Scott RJ, Simino J, Smith AV, Smith JA, Stott DJ, Surakka I, Teumer A, Thalamuthu A, Trompet S, Turner ST, van der Lee SJ, Villringer A, Völker U, Wilson RS, Wittfeld K, Vuoksimaa E, Xia R, Yaffe K, Yu L, Zare H, Zhao W, Ames D, Attia J, Bennett DA, Brodaty H, Chasman DI, Goldman AL, Hayward C, Ikram MA, Jukema JW, Kardia SLR, Lencz T, Loeffler M, Mattay VS, Palotie A, Psaty BM, Ramirez A, Ridker PM, Riedel-Heller SG, Sachdev PS, Saykin AJ, Scherer M, Schofield PR, Sidney S, Starr JM, Trollor J, Ulrich W, Wagner M, Weir DR, Wilson JF, Wright MJ, Weinberger DR, Debette S, Eriksson JG, Mosley TH, Launer LJ, van Duijn CM, Deary IJ, Seshadri S, Räikkönen K. Genome-wide meta-analyses reveal novel loci for verbal short-term memory and learning. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4419-4431. [PMID: 35974141 PMCID: PMC9734053 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the genomic basis of memory processes may help in combating neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, we examined the associations of common genetic variants with verbal short-term memory and verbal learning in adults without dementia or stroke (N = 53,637). We identified novel loci in the intronic region of CDH18, and at 13q21 and 3p21.1, as well as an expected signal in the APOE/APOC1/TOMM40 region. These results replicated in an independent sample. Functional and bioinformatic analyses supported many of these loci and further implicated POC1. We showed that polygenic score for verbal learning associated with brain activation in right parieto-occipital region during working memory task. Finally, we showed genetic correlations of these memory traits with several neurocognitive and health outcomes. Our findings suggest a role of several genomic loci in verbal memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Turku Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Samuli Tuominen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola J Armstrong
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Alexa Beiser
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Katharina Bey
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Qiang Chen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janie Corley
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gail Davies
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eske M Derks
- Translational Neurogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Annette L Fitzpatrick
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alison E Fohner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute of Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Myriam Fornage
- McGovern Medical School, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zachary Gerring
- Translational Neurogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Francine Grodstein
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Assocation, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Eleanor Simonsick
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Holliday
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki and Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauliina Karell
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria J Knol
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole A Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John B Kwok
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Markus Leber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Max Lam
- Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Teresa Lee
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anu Loukola
- Helsinki Biobank, University of Helsinki Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tobias Luck
- Department of Economic and Social Sciences & Institute of Social Medicine, Rehabilitation Sciences and Healthcare Research, University of Applied Sciences Nordhausen, Nordhausen, Germany
- University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Saira S Mirza
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Adrienne O'Donnell
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Oldmeadow
- Clinical Research Design, IT and Statistical Support Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Jodie Painter
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alison Pattie
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simone Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Richard J Rose
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Vijay Sadashivaiah
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter W Schofield
- Neuropsychiatry Service, Hunter New England Local Health District, Charlestown, NSW, Australia
| | - Katharina E Schraut
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rodney J Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeannette Simino
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Assocation, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Social Research, Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David J Stott
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ida Surakka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stella Trompet
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen T Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sven J van der Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arno Villringer
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Day Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert S Wilson
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eero Vuoksimaa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rui Xia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Habil Zare
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, NA, US
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St George's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Clinical Research Design, IT and Statistical Support Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron L Goldman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Todd Lencz
- Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Venkata S Mattay
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Heath Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Martin Scherer
- Institute of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter R Schofield
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - John M Starr
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Julian Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - William Ulrich
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie Debette
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU Bordeaux), Department of Neurology, Bordeaux, France
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Helsinki, Singapore
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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5
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Alves G, Ornellas MH, Liehr T. The role of Calmodulin Binding Transcription Activator 1 (CAMTA1) gene and its putative genetic partners in the human nervous system. Psychogeriatrics 2022; 22:869-878. [PMID: 35949142 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Calmodulin Binding Transcription Activator 1 (CAMTA1) gene plays a central role in the human nervous system. Here evidence-based perspectives on its clinical value for the screening of CAMTA1 malfunction is provided and argued that in future, patients suffering from brain tumours and/or neurological disorders could benefit from this diagnostic. In neuroblastomas as well as in low-grade gliomas, the influence of reduced expression of CAMTA1 results in opposite prognosis, probably because of different carcinogenic pathways in which CAMTA1 plays different roles, but the exact genetics bases remains unsolved. Rearrangements, mutations and variants of CAMTA1 were associated with human neurodegenerative disorders, while some CAMTA1 single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with poorer memory in clinical cases and also amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. So far, the follow-up of patients with neurological diseases with alterations in CAMTA1 indicates that defects (expression, mutations, and rearrangements) in CAMTA1 alone are not sufficient to drive carcinogenesis. It is necessary to continue studying CAMTA1 rearrangements and expression in more cases than done by now. To understand the influence of CAMTA1 variants and their role in nervous system tumours and in several psychiatric disorders is currently a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Alves
- Circulating Biomarkers Laboratory, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Ornellas
- Circulating Biomarkers Laboratory, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Jena, Germany
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6
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Gao Y, Felsky D, Reyes-Dumeyer D, Sariya S, Rentería MA, Ma Y, Klein HU, Cosentino S, De Jager PL, Bennett DA, Brickman AM, Schellenberg GD, Mayeux R, Barral S. Integration of GWAS and brain transcriptomic analyses in a multiethnic sample of 35,245 older adults identifies DCDC2 gene as predictor of episodic memory maintenance. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:1797-1811. [PMID: 34873813 PMCID: PMC9170841 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Identifying genes underlying memory function will help characterize cognitively resilient and high-risk declining subpopulations contributing to precision medicine strategies. We estimated episodic memory trajectories in 35,245 ethnically diverse older adults representing eight independent cohorts. We conducted apolipoprotein E (APOE)-stratified genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses and combined individual cohorts' results via meta-analysis. Three independent transcriptomics datasets were used to further interpret GWAS signals. We identified DCDC2 gene significantly associated with episodic memory (Pmeta = 3.3 x 10-8 ) among non-carriers of APOE ε4 (N = 24,941). Brain transcriptomics revealed an association between episodic memory maintenance and (1) increased dorsolateral prefrontal cortex DCDC2 expression (P = 3.8 x 10-4 ) and (2) lower burden of pathological Alzheimer's disease (AD) hallmarks (paired helical fragment tau P = .003, and amyloid beta load P = .008). Additional transcriptomics results comparing AD and cognitively healthy brain samples showed a downregulation of DCDC2 levels in superior temporal gyrus (P = .007) and inferior frontal gyrus (P = .013). Our work identified DCDC2 gene as a novel predictor of memory maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Gao
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease
and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia
University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Felsky
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction
and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry & Institute of Medical
Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dolly Reyes-Dumeyer
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease
and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia
University, New York, NY, USA.,G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and
Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and
Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New
York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjeev Sariya
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease
and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia
University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel Arce Rentería
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease
and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia
University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and
Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New
York, NY, USA
| | - Yiyi Ma
- Center for Translational & Computational
Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center,
New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hans-Ulrich Klein
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease
and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia
University, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Translational & Computational
Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center,
New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Stephanie Cosentino
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease
and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia
University, New York, NY, USA.,G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and
Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and
Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New
York, NY, USA
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease
and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia
University, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Translational & Computational
Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center,
New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA,
USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush University Medical Center, Rush Alzheimer’s
Disease Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Rush University Medical Center, Department of Neurological
Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Adam M. Brickman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease
and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia
University, New York, NY, USA.,G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and
Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and
Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New
York, NY, USA
| | - Gerard D. Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease
and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia
University, New York, NY, USA.,G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and
Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and
Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New
York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Barral
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease
and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia
University, New York, NY, USA.,G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and
Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and
Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New
York, NY, USA
| | -
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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7
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Abrishamcar S, Chen J, Feil D, Kilanowski A, Koen N, Vanker A, Wedderburn CJ, Donald KA, Zar HJ, Stein DJ, Hüls A. DNA methylation as a potential mediator of the association between prenatal tobacco and alcohol exposure and child neurodevelopment in a South African birth cohort. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:418. [PMID: 36180424 PMCID: PMC9525659 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02195-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) and prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) have been associated with an increased risk of delayed neurodevelopment in children as well as differential newborn DNA methylation (DNAm). However, the biological mechanisms connecting PTE and PAE, DNAm, and neurodevelopment are largely unknown. Here we aim to determine whether differential DNAm mediates the association between PTE and PAE and neurodevelopment at 6 (N = 112) and 24 months (N = 184) in children from the South African Drakenstein Child Health Study. PTE and PAE were assessed antenatally using urine cotinine measurements and the ASSIST questionnaire, respectively. Cord blood DNAm was measured using the EPIC and 450 K BeadChips. Neurodevelopment (cognitive, language, motor, adaptive behavior, socioemotional) was measured using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition. We constructed methylation risk scores (MRS) for PTE and PAE and conducted causal mediation analysis (CMA) with these MRS as mediators. Next, we conducted a high-dimensional mediation analysis to identify individual CpG sites as potential mediators, followed by a CMA to estimate the average causal mediation effects (ACME) and total effect (TE). PTE and PAE were associated with neurodevelopment at 6 but not at 24 months. PTE MRS reached a prediction accuracy (R2) of 0.23 but did not significantly mediate the association between PTE and neurodevelopment. PAE MRS was not predictive of PAE (R2 = 0.006). For PTE, 31 CpG sites and eight CpG sites were identified as significant mediators (ACME and TE P < 0.05) for the cognitive and motor domains at 6 months, respectively. For PAE, 16 CpG sites and 1 CpG site were significant mediators for the motor and adaptive behavior domains at 6 months, respectively. Several of the associated genes, including MAD1L1, CAMTA1, and ALDH1A2 have been implicated in neurodevelopmental delay, suggesting that differential DNAm may partly explain the biological mechanisms underlying the relationship between PTE and PAE and child neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Abrishamcar
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Junyu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dakotah Feil
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anna Kilanowski
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Nastassja Koen
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Aneesa Vanker
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Catherine J Wedderburn
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kirsten A Donald
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Heather J Zar
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anke Hüls
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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8
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Unraveling the Biology of Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma, a TAZ-CAMTA1 Fusion Driven Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122980. [PMID: 35740643 PMCID: PMC9221450 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare vascular cancer that involves a gain-of-function gene fusion involving TAZ, a transcriptional coactivator, and one of two end effectors of the Hippo pathway. Although the activity of TAZ and/or YAP, a paralog of TAZ, is consistently altered in many cancers, genetic alterations involving YAP/TAZ are rare, and the precise mechanisms by which YAP/TAZ are activated are not well understood in most cancers. Because WWTR1(TAZ)–CAMTA1 is the only genetic alteration in approximately half of EHE, EHE is a genetically clean and homogenous system for understanding how the dysregulation of TAZ promotes tumorigenesis. Therefore, by using EHE as a model system, we hope to elucidate the essential biological pathways mediated by TAZ and identify mechanisms to target them. The findings of EHE research can be applied to other cancers that are addicted to high YAP/TAZ activity. Abstract The activities of YAP and TAZ, the end effectors of the Hippo pathway, are consistently altered in cancer, and this dysregulation drives aggressive tumor phenotypes. While the actions of these two proteins aid in tumorigenesis in the majority of cancers, the dysregulation of these proteins is rarely sufficient for initial tumor development. Herein, we present a unique TAZ-driven cancer, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE), which harbors a WWTR1(TAZ)–CAMTA1 gene fusion in at least 90% of cases. Recent investigations have elucidated the mechanisms by which YAP/TAP-fusion oncoproteins function and drive tumorigenesis. This review presents a critical evaluation of this recent work, with a particular focus on how the oncoproteins alter the normal activity of TAZ and YAP, and, concurrently, we generate a framework for how we can target the gene fusions in patients. Since EHE represents a paradigm of YAP/TAZ dysregulation in cancer, targeted therapies for EHE may also be effective against other YAP/TAZ-dependent cancers.
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9
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Vuong-Brender TT, Flynn S, Vallis Y, de Bono M. Neuronal calmodulin levels are controlled by CAMTA transcription factors. eLife 2021; 10:68238. [PMID: 34499028 PMCID: PMC8428840 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous Ca2+ sensor calmodulin (CaM) binds and regulates many proteins, including ion channels, CaM kinases, and calcineurin, according to Ca2+-CaM levels. What regulates neuronal CaM levels, is, however, unclear. CaM-binding transcription activators (CAMTAs) are ancient proteins expressed broadly in nervous systems and whose loss confers pleiotropic behavioral defects in flies, mice, and humans. Using Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila, we show that CAMTAs control neuronal CaM levels. The behavioral and neuronal Ca2+ signaling defects in mutants lacking camt-1, the sole C. elegans CAMTA, can be rescued by supplementing neuronal CaM. CAMT-1 binds multiple sites in the CaM promoter and deleting these sites phenocopies camt-1. Our data suggest CAMTAs mediate a conserved and general mechanism that controls neuronal CaM levels, thereby regulating Ca2+ signaling, physiology, and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Thi Vuong-Brender
- Cell Biology Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Sean Flynn
- Cell Biology Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Vallis
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Mario de Bono
- Cell Biology Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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10
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Watanabe H, Murakami K, Motoi T, Murakami K, Aoyama Y, Mitomo H, Ishibashi N, Sugawara T, Tabata T, Matsuura T, Sasano H, Nakamura Y. Novel detection of the CAMTA1-WWTR1 fusion gene in extra-adrenal myelolipoma-like lesion: a case report. Virchows Arch 2021; 480:707-712. [PMID: 34231054 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A mediastinal mass was incidentally detected by chest X-ray in a 44-year-old man. Computed tomography findings revealed that the mass was a possible malignancy in the right and middle mediastinum and was removed by surgical resection. Macroscopically, the resected specimen was a well-demarcated yellowish, brownish, and whitish mass. Microscopically, a solid lesion with cords of epithelioid cells in the extra-adrenal myelolipoma-like lesion was observed. Immunohistochemically, the solid lesion was positive for typical vascular markers and CAMTA1, the expression of which is highly specific for epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE). The endothelial cells and bone marrow elements of myelolipoma-like lesion were also positive for CAMTA1. Fluorescence in situ hybridization examination detected the CAMTA1-WWTR1 fusion gene not only in the solid lesion but also in the endothelial cells and bone marrow elements of myelolipoma-like lesion. To our knowledge, this is the first report suggesting common genetic abnormality, CAMTA1-WWTR1 fusion, in cases of EHE and extra-adrenal myelolipoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Watanabe
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Murakami
- Division of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toru Motoi
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keigo Murakami
- Division of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yayoi Aoyama
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hideki Mitomo
- Division of Chest Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Naoya Ishibashi
- Division of Chest Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugawara
- Division of Chest Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Tabata
- Division of Chest Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomonori Matsuura
- Division of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakamura
- Division of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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11
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Nagaraja RY, Sherry DM, Fessler JL, Stiles MA, Li F, Multani K, Orock A, Ahmad M, Brush RS, Anderson RE, Agbaga MP, Deák F. W246G Mutant ELOVL4 Impairs Synaptic Plasticity in Parallel and Climbing Fibers and Causes Motor Defects in a Rat Model of SCA34. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4921-4943. [PMID: 34227061 PMCID: PMC8497303 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02439-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by ataxia and cerebellar atrophy. A number of different mutations gives rise to different types of SCA with characteristic ages of onset, symptomatology, and rates of progression. SCA type 34 (SCA34) is caused by mutations in ELOVL4 (ELOngation of Very Long-chain fatty acids 4), a fatty acid elongase essential for biosynthesis of Very Long Chain Saturated and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (VLC-SFA and VLC-PUFA, resp., ≥28 carbons), which have important functions in the brain, skin, retina, Meibomian glands, testes, and sperm. We generated a rat model of SCA34 by knock-in of the SCA34-causing 736T>G (p.W246G) ELOVL4 mutation. Rats carrying the mutation developed impaired motor deficits by 2 months of age. To understand the mechanism of these motor deficits, we performed electrophysiological studies using cerebellar slices from rats homozygous for W246G mutant ELOVL4 and found marked reduction of long-term potentiation at parallel fiber synapses and long-term depression at climbing fiber synapses onto Purkinje cells. Neuroanatomical analysis of the cerebellum showed normal cytoarchitectural organization with no evidence of degeneration out to 6 months of age. These results point to ELOVL4 as essential for motor function and cerebellar synaptic plasticity. The results further suggest that ataxia in SCA34 patients may arise from a primary impairment of synaptic plasticity and cerebellar network desynchronization before onset of neurodegeneration and progression of the disease at a later age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Y Nagaraja
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - David M Sherry
- Neuroscience Program, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jennifer L Fessler
- Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Megan A Stiles
- Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Karanpreet Multani
- Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Albert Orock
- Neuroscience Program, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Reynolds Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Mohiuddin Ahmad
- Neuroscience Program, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Richard S Brush
- Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Robert E Anderson
- Neuroscience Program, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Martin-Paul Agbaga
- Neuroscience Program, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA. .,Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA. .,Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA. .,Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA. .,Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Ferenc Deák
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA. .,Neuroscience Program, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA. .,Reynolds Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, DMEI 428PP, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA. .,Dept. of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th Str, CA4010, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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12
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Wanner NM, Colwell M, Drown C, Faulk C. Developmental cannabidiol exposure increases anxiety and modifies genome-wide brain DNA methylation in adult female mice. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:4. [PMID: 33407853 PMCID: PMC7789000 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00993-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of cannabidiol (CBD), the primary non-psychoactive compound found in cannabis, has recently risen dramatically, while relatively little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms of its effects. Previous work indicates that direct CBD exposure strongly impacts the brain, with anxiolytic, antidepressant, antipsychotic, and other effects being observed in animal and human studies. The epigenome, particularly DNA methylation, is responsive to environmental input and can direct persistent patterns of gene regulation impacting phenotype. Epigenetic perturbation is particularly impactful during embryogenesis, when exogenous exposures can disrupt critical resetting of epigenetic marks and impart phenotypic effects lasting into adulthood. The impact of prenatal CBD exposure has not been evaluated; however, studies using the psychomimetic cannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) have identified detrimental effects on psychological outcomes in developmentally exposed adult offspring. We hypothesized that developmental CBD exposure would have similar negative effects on behavior mediated in part by the epigenome. Nulliparous female wild-type Agouti viable yellow (Avy) mice were exposed to 20 mg/kg CBD or vehicle daily from two weeks prior to mating through gestation and lactation. Coat color shifts, a readout of DNA methylation at the Agouti locus in this strain, were measured in F1 Avy/a offspring. Young adult F1 a/a offspring were then subjected to tests of working spatial memory and anxiety/compulsive behavior. Reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing was performed on both F0 and F1 cerebral cortex and F1 hippocampus to identify genome-wide changes in DNA methylation for direct and developmental exposure, respectively. RESULTS F1 offspring exposed to CBD during development exhibited increased anxiety and improved memory behavior in a sex-specific manner. Further, while no significant coat color shift was observed in Avy/a offspring, thousands of differentially methylated loci (DMLs) were identified in both brain regions with functional enrichment for neurogenesis, substance use phenotypes, and other psychologically relevant terms. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate for the first time that despite positive effects of direct exposure, developmental CBD is associated with mixed behavioral outcomes and perturbation of the brain epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Wanner
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Mathia Colwell
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, 225 Food Science, St. Paul, MN, 55018, USA
| | - Chelsea Drown
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, 225 Food Science, St. Paul, MN, 55018, USA
| | - Christopher Faulk
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, 225 Food Science, St. Paul, MN, 55018, USA.
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13
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Zhang L, Silva TC, Young JI, Gomez L, Schmidt MA, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Kunkle BW, Chen X, Martin ER, Wang L. Epigenome-wide meta-analysis of DNA methylation differences in prefrontal cortex implicates the immune processes in Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6114. [PMID: 33257653 PMCID: PMC7704686 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19791-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation differences in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been reported. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of more than 1000 prefrontal cortex brain samples to prioritize the most consistent methylation differences in multiple cohorts. Using a uniform analysis pipeline, we identified 3751 CpGs and 119 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) significantly associated with Braak stage. Our analysis identified differentially methylated genes such as MAMSTR, AGAP2, and AZU1. The most significant DMR identified is located on the MAMSTR gene, which encodes a cofactor that stimulates MEF2C. Notably, MEF2C cooperates with another transcription factor, PU.1, a central hub in the AD gene network. Our enrichment analysis highlighted the potential roles of the immune system and polycomb repressive complex 2 in pathological AD. These results may help facilitate future mechanistic and biomarker discovery studies in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanyu Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Tiago C Silva
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Juan I Young
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Lissette Gomez
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Michael A Schmidt
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Kara L Hamilton-Nelson
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Brian W Kunkle
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Eden R Martin
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Lily Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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14
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Jacobs EZ, Brown K, Byler MC, D'haenens E, Dheedene A, Henderson LB, Humberson JB, van Jaarsveld RH, Kanani F, Lebel RR, Millan F, Oegema R, Oostra A, Parker MJ, Rhodes L, Saenz M, Seaver LH, Si Y, Vanlander A, Vergult S, Callewaert B. Expanding the molecular spectrum and the neurological phenotype related to CAMTA1 variants. Clin Genet 2020; 99:259-268. [PMID: 33131045 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The CAMTA1-associated phenotype was initially defined in patients with intragenic deletions and duplications who showed nonprogressive congenital ataxia, with or without intellectual disability. Here, we describe 10 individuals with CAMTA1 variants: nine previously unreported (likely) pathogenic variants comprising one missense, four frameshift and four nonsense variants, and one missense variant of unknown significance. Six patients were diagnosed following whole exome sequencing and four individuals with exome-based targeted panel analysis. Most of them present with developmental delay, manifesting in speech and motor delay. Other frequent findings are hypotonia, cognitive impairment, cerebellar dysfunction, oculomotor abnormalities, and behavioral problems. Feeding problems occur more frequently than previously observed. In addition, we present a systematic review of 19 previously published individuals with causal variants, including copy number, truncating, and missense variants. We note a tendency of more severe cognitive impairment and recurrent dysmorphic features in individuals with a copy number variant. Pathogenic variants are predominantly observed in and near the N- and C- terminal functional domains. Clinical heterogeneity is observed, but 3'-terminal variants seem to associate with less pronounced cerebellar dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Z Jacobs
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Brown
- University of Colorado, Section of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Melissa C Byler
- Division of Development, Behavior and Genetics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Erika D'haenens
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelies Dheedene
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Jennifer B Humberson
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia Children's Hospital, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Farah Kanani
- Sheffield Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Robert Roger Lebel
- Division of Development, Behavior and Genetics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Renske Oegema
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ann Oostra
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Neuropediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael J Parker
- Sheffield Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Margarita Saenz
- University of Colorado, Section of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Laurie H Seaver
- Medical Genetics and Genomics, Spectrum Health Helen Devos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Yue Si
- GeneDx, Inc. Laboratory, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Arnaud Vanlander
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Neuropediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Vergult
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Hagenston AM, Bading H, Bas-Orth C. Functional Consequences of Calcium-Dependent Synapse-to-Nucleus Communication: Focus on Transcription-Dependent Metabolic Plasticity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a035287. [PMID: 31570333 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the nervous system, calcium signals play a major role in the conversion of synaptic stimuli into transcriptional responses. Signal-regulated gene transcription is fundamental for a range of long-lasting adaptive brain functions that include learning and memory, structural plasticity of neurites and synapses, acquired neuroprotection, chronic pain, and addiction. In this review, we summarize the diverse mechanisms governing calcium-dependent transcriptional regulation associated with central nervous system plasticity. We focus on recent advances in the field of synapse-to-nucleus communication that include studies of the signal-regulated transcriptome in human neurons, identification of novel regulatory mechanisms such as activity-induced DNA double-strand breaks, and the identification of novel forms of activity- and transcription-dependent adaptations, in particular, metabolic plasticity. We summarize the reciprocal interactions between different kinds of neuroadaptations and highlight the emerging role of activity-regulated epigenetic modifiers in gating the inducibility of signal-regulated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Hagenston
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hilmar Bading
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlos Bas-Orth
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Jung H, Kim HN, Jang Y, Park CK, Ha SY. CAMTA-1 Expression in 24 Cases of Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma in a Single Institute: Diagnostic Utility for Differential Diagnosis from Hepatic Angiosarcoma. In Vivo 2020; 33:2293-2297. [PMID: 31662570 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Epithelioid hemangio-endothelioma (EHE) of the liver is an uncommon vascular tumor with variable clinical courses ranging from stable disease to fatal outcome. EHE can mimic epithelioid angiosarcoma, which has a more aggressive behavior, especially in a small biopsy sample. EHEs are known to have the WWTR1-CAMTA1 fusion gene, and nuclear expression of CAMTA1 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been reported in about 90% of EHEs in multiple organs. Our study aimed to validate the diagnostic utility of CAMTA1 expression in EHEs, especially in the liver. PATIENTS AND METHODS IHC was performed using anti-CAMTA1 antibody in 34 tumors (24 hepatic EHEs and 10 angiosarcomas). In CAMTA1-negative EHEs, TFE3 IHC was performed. RESULTS Of the 24 hepatic EHEs, 22 (91.6%) showed nuclear staining for CAMTA1. One of two CAMTA1-negative cases showed TFE3 positivity. The other case was negative for TFE3. Meanwhile, all 10 angiosarcoma cases had no CAMTA1 expression. CONCLUSION CAMTA1 is a highly sensitive and specific marker for diagnosis of hepatic EHE. It is helpful for differentiation of hepatic EHE and angiosarcoma, especially in small biopsy samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hera Jung
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Na Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjeong Jang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Keun Park
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Anatomic Pathology Reference Lab, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yun Ha
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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De novo variants in CAMTA1 cause a syndrome variably associated with spasticity, ataxia, and intellectual disability. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:763-769. [PMID: 32157189 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-0600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, intragenic CAMTA1 copy number variants (CNVs) have been shown to cause non-progressive, congenital ataxia with or without intellectual disability (OMIM#614756). However, ataxia, intellectual disability, and dysmorphic features were all incompletely penetrant, even within families. Here, we describe four patients with de novo nonsense, frameshift or missense CAMTA1 variants. All four patients predominantly manifested features of ataxia and/or spasticity. Borderline intellectual disability and dysmorphic features were both present in one patient only, and other neurological and behavioural symptoms were variably present. Neurodevelopmental delay was found to be mild. Our findings indicate that also nonsense, frameshift and missense variants in CAMTA1 can cause a spastic ataxia syndrome as the main phenotype.
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18
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Taniai T, Onda S, Sato S, Shiba H, Sakamoto T, Yanaga K. Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma: Difficult Differential Diagnosis from Angiosarcoma. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2020; 14:56-62. [PMID: 32110201 PMCID: PMC7036556 DOI: 10.1159/000505513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is extremely rare, and preoperative diagnosis is difficult because hepatic EHE has clinicopathological features that are similar to those of angiosarcoma. However, it is important to differentiate hepatic EHE from angiosarcoma because the latter is an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis. We herein report a case of hepatic EHE that was difficult to distinguish from angiosarcoma by tumor biopsy. A 30-year-old man with Crohn's disease presented with multiple liver tumors. The tumors were preoperatively diagnosed as angiosarcoma by tumor biopsy. The patient underwent extended left hemihepatectomy with biliary reconstruction and partial resection of segments 6 and 8. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for CD34, factor VIII, and calmodulin binding transcription activator 1 (CAMTA1), and the pathological diagnosis was EHE. Two years after surgery, a recurrent tumor was found in liver segment 6, for which laparoscopic partial hepatectomy was performed. Pathological examination revealed recurrence of EHE. The patient remained well with no evidence of tumor recurrence as of 9 months after the second resection. In conclusion, we described a case of hepatic EHE that was initially diagnosed as angiosarcoma on biopsy. Immunohistochemical staining with CAMTA1 may help distinguish EHE from angiosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Taniai
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Onda
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Sato
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shiba
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Sakamoto
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yanaga
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Thway K, Folpe AL. Update on selected advances in the immunohistochemical and molecular genetic analysis of soft tissue tumors. Virchows Arch 2019; 476:3-15. [PMID: 31701221 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02678-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although traditional morphological evaluation remains the cornerstone for the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors, ancillary diagnostic modalities such as immunohistochemistry and molecular genetic analysis are of ever-increasing importance in this field. New insights into the molecular pathogenesis of soft tissue tumors, often obtained from high-throughput sequencing technologies, has enabled significant progress in the characterization and biologic stratification of mesenchymal neoplasms, expanding the spectrum of immunohistochemical tests (often aimed towards recently discovered genetic events) and molecular genetic assays (most often fluorescence in situ hybridization and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). This review discusses selected novel molecular and immunohistochemical assays with diagnostic applicability in mesenchymal neoplasms, with emphasis on diagnosis, refinement of tumor classification, and treatment stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Thway
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, 203 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Andrew L Folpe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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20
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Neelagandan N, Gonnella G, Dang S, Janiesch PC, Miller KK, Küchler K, Marques RF, Indenbirken D, Alawi M, Grundhoff A, Kurtz S, Duncan KE. TDP-43 enhances translation of specific mRNAs linked to neurodegenerative disease. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:341-361. [PMID: 30357366 PMCID: PMC6326785 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein TDP-43 is heavily implicated in neurodegenerative disease. Numerous patient mutations in TARDBP, the gene encoding TDP-43, combined with data from animal and cell-based models, imply that altered RNA regulation by TDP-43 causes Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. However, underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. Increased cytoplasmic TDP-43 levels in diseased neurons suggest a possible role in this cellular compartment. Here, we examined the impact on translation of overexpressing human TDP-43 and the TDP-43A315T patient mutant protein in motor neuron-like cells and primary cultures of cortical neurons. In motor-neuron like cells, TDP-43 associates with ribosomes without significantly affecting global translation. However, ribosome profiling and additional assays revealed enhanced translation and direct binding of Camta1, Mig12, and Dennd4a mRNAs. Overexpressing either wild-type TDP-43 or TDP-43A315T stimulated translation of Camta1 and Mig12 mRNAs via their 5'UTRs and increased CAMTA1 and MIG12 protein levels. In contrast, translational enhancement of Dennd4a mRNA required a specific 3'UTR region and was specifically observed with the TDP-43A315T patient mutant allele. Our data reveal that TDP-43 can function as an mRNA-specific translational enhancer. Moreover, since CAMTA1 and DENND4A are linked to neurodegeneration, they suggest that this function could contribute to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagammal Neelagandan
- Neuronal Translational Control Research Group, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Giorgio Gonnella
- Universität Hamburg, MIN-Fakultät, ZBH-Center for Bioinformatics, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Stefan Dang
- Universität Hamburg, MIN-Fakultät, ZBH-Center for Bioinformatics, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Philipp C Janiesch
- Neuronal Translational Control Research Group, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Katharine K Miller
- Neuronal Translational Control Research Group, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Katrin Küchler
- Neuronal Translational Control Research Group, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Rita F Marques
- Neuronal Translational Control Research Group, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Daniela Indenbirken
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Malik Alawi
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg 20251, Germany.,Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Adam Grundhoff
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Stefan Kurtz
- Universität Hamburg, MIN-Fakultät, ZBH-Center for Bioinformatics, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Kent E Duncan
- Neuronal Translational Control Research Group, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg 20251, Germany
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21
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Methylation Marks of Blood Leukocytes of Native Hucul Mares Differentiated in Age. Int J Genomics 2019; 2019:2839614. [PMID: 31281827 PMCID: PMC6589255 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2839614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Horses are one of the longest-living species of farm animals. Advanced age is often associated with a decrease in body condition, dysfunction of immune system, and late-onset disorders. Due to this, the search for new solutions in the prevention and treatment of pathological conditions of the advanced age of horses is desirable. That is why the identification of aging-related changes in the horse genome is interesting in this respect. In the recent years, the research on aging includes studies of age-related epigenetic effects observed on the DNA methylation level. We applied reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) to uncover a range of age DMR sites in genomes of blood leukocytes derived from juvenile and aged horses of native Hucul breed. Genes colocated with age-related differentially methylated regions (age DMRs) are the members of pathways involved in cellular signal transduction, immune response, neurogenesis, differentiation, development, and cancer progression. A positive correlation was found between methylation states and gene expression in particular loci from our data set. Some of described age DMR-linked genes were also reported elsewhere. Obtained results contribute to the knowledge about the molecular basis of aging of equine blood cells.
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22
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Pruunsild P, Bading H. Shaping the human brain: evolutionary cis-regulatory plasticity drives changes in synaptic activity-controlled adaptive gene expression. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2019; 59:34-40. [PMID: 31102862 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal activity-induced gene expression programs involved in synaptic structure- and plasticity-related functions are similar in mice and humans, yet bear distinct features. These include gains or losses of activity-responsiveness of certain genes and differences in gene induction profiles. Here, we discuss a possible origin of dissimilarities in activity-regulated transcription between species. We highlight that while synapse-to-nucleus signalling pathways are evolutionarily conserved, cis-regulatory plasticity has been driving species-specific remodelling of the activity-controlled enhancer landscape, thereby affecting gene regulation. In particular, evolutionary rearrangements of transcription factor binding site placements together with potential species-dependent developmental stage- and/or cell type-specific epigenetic and other trans-acting mechanisms are most likely at least in part accountable for between-species diversity in activity-regulated transcription. It is conceivable that cis-regulatory plasticity may have equipped the synaptic activity-driven adaptive gene program in human neurons with unique, species-specific qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priit Pruunsild
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hilmar Bading
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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23
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Lamar JM, Motilal Nehru V, Weinberg G. Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma as a Model of YAP/TAZ-Driven Cancer: Insights from a Rare Fusion Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10070229. [PMID: 29996478 PMCID: PMC6070876 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10070229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare soft-tissue sarcoma involving cells with histologic markers that suggest an endothelial origin. Around 90% of EHEs are caused by the fusion of Transcriptional Co-activator with a PDZ-motif (TAZ) with Calmodulin Binding Transcription Activator 1 (CAMTA1), a central nervous system-specific transcription activator. The 10% of EHEs that lack the TAZ–CAMTA1 fusion instead have a fusion of Yes-associated Protein (YAP) and Transcription Factor E3 (TFE3) genes (YAP-TFE3). YAP and TAZ are well-defined downstream effectors in the Hippo pathway that promote cell growth when translocated to the nucleus. The TAZ–CAMTA1 fusion transcript is insensitive to the Hippo inhibitory signals that normally prevent this process and thus constitutively activates the TAZ transcriptome. In EHE, this causes tumors to form in a variety of organs and tissue types, most commonly the liver, lung, and bone. Its clinical course is unpredictable and highly variable. TAZ activation is known to contribute to key aspects of the cancer phenotype, including metastasis and fibrosis, and increased expression of TAZ is thought to be causally related to the progression of many cancers, including breast, lung, and liver. Therefore, understanding TAZ biology and the molecular mechanisms by which it promotes unregulated cell proliferation will yield insights and possibly improved treatments for both EHE as well as much more common cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Lamar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
| | | | - Guy Weinberg
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Hardingham GE, Pruunsild P, Greenberg ME, Bading H. Lineage divergence of activity-driven transcription and evolution of cognitive ability. Nat Rev Neurosci 2017; 19:9-15. [PMID: 29167525 DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2017.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Excitation-transcription coupling shapes network formation during brain development and controls neuronal survival, synaptic function and cognitive skills in the adult. New studies have uncovered differences in the transcriptional responses to synaptic activity between humans and mice. These differences are caused both by the emergence of lineage-specific activity-regulated genes and by the acquisition of signal-responsive DNA elements in gene regulatory regions that determine whether a gene can be transcriptionally induced by synaptic activity or alter the extent of its inducibility. Such evolutionary divergence may have contributed to lineage-related advancements in cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giles E Hardingham
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Priit Pruunsild
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael E Greenberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hilmar Bading
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Pruunsild P, Bengtson CP, Bading H. Networks of Cultured iPSC-Derived Neurons Reveal the Human Synaptic Activity-Regulated Adaptive Gene Program. Cell Rep 2017; 18:122-135. [PMID: 28052243 PMCID: PMC5236011 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term adaptive responses in the brain, such as learning and memory, require synaptic activity-regulated gene expression, which has been thoroughly investigated in rodents. Using human iPSC-derived neuronal networks, we show that the human and the mouse synaptic activity-induced transcriptional programs share many genes and both require Ca2+-regulated synapse-to-nucleus signaling. Species-specific differences include the noncoding RNA genes BRE-AS1 and LINC00473 and the protein-coding gene ZNF331, which are absent in the mouse genome, as well as several human genes whose orthologs are either not induced by activity or are induced with different kinetics in mice. These results indicate that lineage-specific gain of genes and DNA regulatory elements affects the synaptic activity-regulated gene program, providing a mechanism driving the evolution of human cognitive abilities. The repertoire of human activity-induced genes is expanded lineage specifically Temporal expression profiles of many activity-responsive genes are species specific Some human orthologs of mouse genes have gained inducibility by synaptic activity The human HIC1 gene promoter has gained an activity-responsive regulatory element
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Affiliation(s)
- Priit Pruunsild
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, INF 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Peter Bengtson
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, INF 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hilmar Bading
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, INF 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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A Dopamine Receptor genetic variant enhances perceptual speed in cognitive healthy subjects. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2017; 3:254-261. [PMID: 28993814 PMCID: PMC5630172 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Cognition is under strong genetic control, yet the specific genes are unknown. Methods One hundred and fifty-three cognitive healthy European subjects from the Reference Abilities Study (RANN) were genotyped for 1,160 variants within 446 neuropsychiatric genes. Adjusted linear regression models evaluated the association between the genetic variants and four reference abilities (Vocabulary, Episodic Memory, Perceptual Speed, and Reasoning). Results One hundred and fifty-nine variants nominally were found significant in the RANN cohort and re-evaluated in an independent cohort of 868 cognitive healthy subjects from the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory Aging Project. Meta-analysis yielded a Bonferroni adjusted statistically significant association between perceptual speed and a variant located in the promoter of the dopamine receptor D4 gene, rs3756450 (β = 0.23, standard error = 0.05, Pmeta = 2.3 × 10−5). Discussion Our data suggest that genetic variation in a dopamine pathway gene influences perceptual speed performance in cognitively healthy individuals.
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Mollet IG, Malm HA, Wendt A, Orho-Melander M, Eliasson L. Integrator of Stress Responses Calmodulin Binding Transcription Activator 1 (Camta1) Regulates miR-212/miR-132 Expression and Insulin Secretion. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:18440-52. [PMID: 27402838 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.716860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered microRNA profiles have been demonstrated in experimental models of type 2 diabetes, including in islets of the diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat. Our bioinformatic analysis of conserved sequences in promoters of microRNAs, previously observed to be up-regulated in GK rat islets, revealed putative CGCG-core motifs on the promoter of the miR-212/miR-132 cluster, overexpression of which has been shown to increase insulin secretion. These motifs are possible targets of calmodulin binding transcription activators Camta1 and Camta2 that have been recognized as integrators of stress responses. We also identified putative NKE elements, possible targets of NK2 homeobox proteins like the essential islet transcription factor Nkx2-2. As Camtas can function as co-activators with NK2 proteins in other tissues, we explored the role of Camta1, Camta2, and Nkx2-2 in the regulation of the miR-212/miR-132 cluster and insulin secretion. We demonstrate that exposure of control Wistar or GK rat islets to 16.7 mm glucose increases miR-212/miR-132 expression but significantly less so in the GK rat. In addition, Camta1, Camta2, and Nkx2-2 were down-regulated in GK rat islets, and knockdown of Camta1 reduced miR-212/miR-132 promoter activity and miR-212/miR-132 expression, even under cAMP elevation. Knockdown of Camta1 decreased insulin secretion in INS-1 832/13 cells and Wistar rat islets but increased insulin content. Furthermore, knockdown of Camta1 reduced K(+)-induced insulin secretion and voltage-dependent Ca(2+) currents. We also demonstrate Camta1 and Nkx2-2 protein interaction. These results indicate that Camta1 is required not only for expression of the miR-212/miR-132 cluster but at multiple levels for regulating beta cell insulin content and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Guerra Mollet
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Helena Anna Malm
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna Wendt
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
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Fogh I, Lin K, Tiloca C, Rooney J, Gellera C, Diekstra FP, Ratti A, Shatunov A, van Es MA, Proitsi P, Jones A, Sproviero W, Chiò A, McLaughlin RL, Sorarù G, Corrado L, Stahl D, Del Bo R, Cereda C, Castellotti B, Glass JD, Newhouse S, Dobson R, Smith BN, Topp S, van Rheenen W, Meininger V, Melki J, Morrison KE, Shaw PJ, Leigh PN, Andersen PM, Comi GP, Ticozzi N, Mazzini L, D'Alfonso S, Traynor BJ, Van Damme P, Robberecht W, Brown RH, Landers JE, Hardiman O, Lewis CM, van den Berg LH, Shaw CE, Veldink JH, Silani V, Al-Chalabi A, Powell J. Association of a Locus in the CAMTA1 Gene With Survival in Patients With Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. JAMA Neurol 2016; 73:812-20. [PMID: 27244217 PMCID: PMC5556366 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder with a poor prognosis and a median survival of 3 years. However, a significant proportion of patients survive more than 10 years from symptom onset. OBJECTIVE To identify gene variants influencing survival in ALS. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyzed survival in data sets from several European countries and the United States that were collected by the Italian Consortium for the Genetics of ALS and the International Consortium on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Genetics. The study population included 4256 patients with ALS (3125 [73.4%] deceased) with genotype data extended to 7 174 392 variants by imputation analysis. Samples of DNA were collected from January 1, 1993, to December 31, 2009, and analyzed from March 1, 2014, to February 28, 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Cox proportional hazards regression under an additive model with adjustment for age at onset, sex, and the first 4 principal components of ancestry, followed by meta-analysis, were used to analyze data. Survival distributions for the most associated genetic variants were assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS Among the 4256 patients included in the analysis (2589 male [60.8%] and 1667 female [39.2%]; mean [SD] age at onset, 59 [12] years), the following 2 novel loci were significantly associated with ALS survival: at 10q23 (rs139550538; P = 1.87 × 10-9) and in the CAMTA1 gene at 1p36 (rs2412208, P = 3.53 × 10-8). At locus 10q23, the adjusted hazard ratio for patients with the rs139550538 AA or AT genotype was 1.61 (95% CI, 1.38-1.89; P = 1.87 × 10-9), corresponding to an 8-month reduction in survival compared with TT carriers. For rs2412208 CAMTA1, the adjusted hazard ratio for patients with the GG or GT genotype was 1.17 (95% CI, 1.11-1.24; P = 3.53 × 10-8), corresponding to a 4-month reduction in survival compared with TT carriers. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This GWAS robustly identified 2 loci at genome-wide levels of significance that influence survival in patients with ALS. Because ALS is a rare disease and prevention is not feasible, treatment that modifies survival is the most realistic strategy. Therefore, identification of modifier genes that might influence ALS survival could improve the understanding of the biology of the disease and suggest biological targets for pharmaceutical intervention. In addition, genetic risk scores for survival could be used as an adjunct to clinical trials to account for the genetic contribution to survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Fogh
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, England
| | - Kuang Lin
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, England
| | - Cinzia Tiloca
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - James Rooney
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cinzia Gellera
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Frank P Diekstra
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Antonia Ratti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy6Department of Pathophysiology and Tranplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, Università degli Studi d
| | - Aleksey Shatunov
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, England
| | - Michael A van Es
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Petroula Proitsi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, England
| | - Ashley Jones
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, England
| | - William Sproviero
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, England
| | - Adriano Chiò
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy8Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Russell Lewis McLaughlin
- Population Genetics Laboratory, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gianni Sorarù
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Lucia Corrado
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, A. Avogadro University, Novara, Italy
| | - Daniel Stahl
- Department of Biostatistics, IoPPN, King's College London, London, England
| | - Roberto Del Bo
- Neurologic Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurobiology, IRCCS C. Mondino National Institute of Neurology Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Castellotti
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Steven Newhouse
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, IoPPN, King's College London, London, England17Department of Biostatistics, IoPPN, King's College London, London, England
| | - Richard Dobson
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, IoPPN, King's College London, London, England18NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Dementia, King's College London, London, England
| | - Bradley N Smith
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, England
| | - Simon Topp
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, England
| | - Wouter van Rheenen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent Meininger
- Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Réseau SLA (Sclérose Latérale) Île de France, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Judith Melki
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale Unité Mixte de Recherché-788 and University of Paris 11, Bicetre Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Karen E Morrison
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England22Neurosciences Division, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, England
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Academic Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England
| | - P Nigel Leigh
- Section of Neurology, Division of Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Trafford Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Sussex, East Sussex, England
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany26Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Giacomo P Comi
- Neurologic Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy6Department of Pathophysiology and Tranplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, Università degli Studi d
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, A. Avogadro University, Novara, Italy27ALS Center Department of Neurology, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Sandra D'Alfonso
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, A. Avogadro University, Novara, Italy
| | - Bryan J Traynor
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Philip Van Damme
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, Flanders Instititue for Biotechnology, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium30Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven
| | - Wim Robberecht
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, Flanders Instititue for Biotechnology, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert H Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - John E Landers
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Orla Hardiman
- Population Genetics Laboratory, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- IoPPN Genomics and Biomarker Core, Translational Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, England33Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Lon
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, England
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy6Department of Pathophysiology and Tranplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, Università degli Studi d
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, England
| | - John Powell
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, England
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Bas-Orth C, Tan YW, Oliveira AMM, Bengtson CP, Bading H. The calmodulin-binding transcription activator CAMTA1 is required for long-term memory formation in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:313-21. [PMID: 27194798 PMCID: PMC4880143 DOI: 10.1101/lm.041111.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The formation of long-term memory requires signaling from the synapse to the nucleus to mediate neuronal activity-dependent gene transcription. Synapse-to-nucleus communication is initiated by influx of calcium ions through synaptic NMDA receptors and/or L-type voltage-gated calcium channels and involves the activation of transcription factors by calcium/calmodulin signaling in the nucleus. Recent studies have drawn attention to a new family of transcriptional regulators, the so-called calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) proteins. CAMTAs are expressed at particularly high levels in the mouse and human brain, and we reasoned that, as calmodulin-binding transcription factors, CAMTAs may regulate the formation of long-term memory by coupling synaptic activity and calcium/calmodulin signaling to memory-related transcriptional responses. This hypothesis is supported by genetic studies that reported a correlation between Camta gene polymorphisms or mutations and cognitive capability in humans. Here, we show that acute knockdown of CAMTA1, but not CAMTA2, in the hippocampus of adult mice results in impaired performance in two memory tests, contextual fear conditioning and object-place recognition test. Short-term memory and neuronal morphology were not affected by CAMTA knockdown. Gene expression profiling in the hippocampus of control and CAMTA knockdown mice revealed a number of putative CAMTA1 target genes related to synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability. Patch clamp recordings in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures provided further evidence for CAMTA1-dependent changes in electrophysiological properties. In summary, our study provides experimental evidence that confirms previous human genetic studies and establishes CAMTA1 as a regulator of long-term memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bas-Orth
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yan-Wei Tan
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana M M Oliveira
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Peter Bengtson
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hilmar Bading
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Nuclear Expression of CAMTA1 Distinguishes Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma From Histologic Mimics. Am J Surg Pathol 2016; 40:94-102. [PMID: 26414223 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a malignant endothelial neoplasm characterized by recurrent translocations involving chromosomal regions 1p36.3 and 3q25, resulting in the formation of a WWTR1-CAMTA1 fusion gene in approximately 90% of cases; a small subset (<5%) have a YAP1-TFE3 fusion gene. The WWTR1-CAMTA1 fusion gene leads to overexpression of both genes. WWTR1 protein is expressed in many different cell types, whereas CAMTA1 expression is normally limited to the brain. A prior study using a polyclonal antibody directed against regions within the C-terminus of CAMTA1 reported widespread expression in both normal tissues and diverse tumor types. In contrast, a recent study using a different polyclonal antibody directed against the C-terminus of CAMTA1 suggested that this other antibody is a potentially useful diagnostic marker for EHE. Our study aimed to validate this finding in a large series of EHE cases and to determine whether CAMTA1 is expressed in other epithelioid mesenchymal tumors that may mimic EHE. Protein expression of CAMTA1 was evaluated in whole-tissue sections of 204 tumors using a polyclonal anti-CAMTA1 antibody: 59 EHE (48 conventional, 11 "malignant"; 4 with known TFE3 gene rearrangement); 70 other epithelioid vascular tumors; and 75 nonendothelial epithelioid mesenchymal neoplasms. In total, 51/59 cases (86%) of EHE showed diffuse nuclear staining for CAMTA1, including 44/48 cases (92%) with conventional histology and 7/11 cases (64%) with "malignant" histology. Of the 8 CAMTA1-negative tumors, 6 were positive for TFE3. With the exception of 1 case previously diagnosed as epithelioid angiosarcoma on core biopsy, all other tumor types examined were negative for CAMTA1. In conclusion, in keeping with the reported frequency of WWTR1-CAMTA1 in EHE, nuclear CAMTA1 expression is identified in the majority of EHE cases, whereas other epithelioid mesenchymal neoplasms are negative for CAMTA1. These findings support the diagnostic utility of immunohistochemistry for CAMTA1 in distinguishing EHE from histologic mimics, in particular benign epithelioid vascular tumors, epithelioid angiosarcoma, and epithelioid sarcoma, an important distinction given the differences in biological potential and clinical course.
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Ramanan VK, Nho K, Shen L, Risacher SL, Kim S, McDonald BC, Farlow MR, Foroud TM, Gao S, Soininen H, Kłoszewska I, Mecocci P, Tsolaki M, Vellas B, Lovestone S, Aisen PS, Petersen RC, Jack CR, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Weiner MW, Green RC, Toga AW, De Jager PL, Yu L, Bennett DA, Saykin AJ. FASTKD2 is associated with memory and hippocampal structure in older adults. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1197-204. [PMID: 25385369 PMCID: PMC4427556 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Memory impairment is the cardinal early feature of Alzheimer's disease, a highly prevalent disorder whose causes remain only partially understood. To identify novel genetic predictors, we used an integrative genomics approach to perform the largest study to date of human memory (n=14 781). Using a genome-wide screen, we discovered a novel association of a polymorphism in the pro-apoptotic gene FASTKD2 (fas-activated serine/threonine kinase domains 2; rs7594645-G) with better memory performance and replicated this finding in independent samples. Consistent with a neuroprotective effect, rs7594645-G carriers exhibited increased hippocampal volume and gray matter density and decreased cerebrospinal fluid levels of apoptotic mediators. The MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) gene and pathways related to endocytosis, cholinergic neurotransmission, epidermal growth factor receptor signaling and immune regulation, among others, also displayed association with memory. These findings nominate FASTKD2 as a target for modulating neurodegeneration and suggest potential mechanisms for therapies to combat memory loss in normal cognitive aging and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Ramanan
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Medical Scientist Training Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shannon L. Risacher
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Brenna C. McDonald
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Martin R. Farlow
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tatiana M. Foroud
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sujuan Gao
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- On behalf of the AddNeuroMed Consortium,Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Iwona Kłoszewska
- On behalf of the AddNeuroMed Consortium,Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- On behalf of the AddNeuroMed Consortium,Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- On behalf of the AddNeuroMed Consortium,3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Bruno Vellas
- On behalf of the AddNeuroMed Consortium,INSERM U 558, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Simon Lovestone
- On behalf of the AddNeuroMed Consortium,University of Oxford, Department of Psychiatry, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul S. Aisen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Clifford R. Jack
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael W. Weiner
- Departments of Radiology, Medicine, and Psychiatry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert C. Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arthur W. Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Correspondence to: Dr. Andrew J. Saykin, IU Health Neuroscience Center, Suite 4100 Indiana University School of Medicine 355 West 16th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA , Phone (317)963-7501, Fax (317)963-7547
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Papassotiropoulos A, de Quervain DJF. Genetics of human memory functions in healthy cohorts. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Tanas MR, Ma S, Jadaan FO, Ng CKY, Weigelt B, Reis-Filho JS, Rubin BP. Mechanism of action of a WWTR1(TAZ)-CAMTA1 fusion oncoprotein. Oncogene 2015; 35:929-38. [PMID: 25961935 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The WWTR1 (protein is known as TAZ)-CAMTA1 (WC) fusion gene defines epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, a malignant vascular cancer. TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ binding motif) is a transcriptional coactivator and end effector of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway. It is inhibited by phosphorylation by the Hippo kinases LATS1 and LATS2. Such phosphorylation causes cytoplasmic localization, 14-3-3 protein binding and the phorphorylation of a terminal phosphodegron promotes ubiquitin-dependent degradation (the phosphorylation of the different motifs has several effects). CAMTA1 is a putative tumor suppressive transcription factor. Here we demonstrate that TAZ-CAMTA1 (TC) fusion results in its nuclear localization and constitutive activation. Consequently, cells expressing TC display a TAZ-like transcriptional program that causes resistance to anoikis and oncogenic transformation. Our findings elucidate the mechanistic basis of TC oncogenic properties, highlight that TC is an important model to understand how the Hippo pathway can be inhibited in cancer, and provide approaches for targeting this chimeric protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Tanas
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Robert J. Tomsich Pathology Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - S Ma
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - F O Jadaan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - C K Y Ng
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - B P Rubin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Robert J. Tomsich Pathology Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Busch RM, Najm I, Hermann BP, Eng C. Genetics of cognition in epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2014; 41:297-306. [PMID: 24973143 PMCID: PMC4268334 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
With the completion of the Human Genome Project and the advent of more advanced sequencing platforms capable of high throughput genotyping at reduced cost, research on the genetics/genomics of cognition has expanded rapidly over the past several decades. This has been facilitated even further by global consortia including HapMap, 1000 Genomes Project, ENCODE, and others, which have made information regarding genetic variation and genomic functional elements readily available to all researchers. Thus, the goal of this Targeted Review is not to provide an exhaustive review of the existing literature on the role of genetic factors in cognition. Rather, we will highlight some of the most consistent findings in this field, review the research in epilepsy to date, and provide a background within which to set forth unique opportunities epilepsy may provide to further elucidate the role of genetics in cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn M Busch
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Imad Najm
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bruce P Hermann
- Charles Matthew Neuropsychology Section, Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Magnin E, Blagosklonov O, Sylvestre G, Minot D, Thevenon J, Faivre L, Boulahdour H, Thauvin-Robinet C, Rumbach L. Neuropsychological and neuroimaging phenotype induced by a CAMTA1 mutation. Brain Dev 2014; 36:711-5. [PMID: 24145135 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS CAMTA1 mutations have recently been reported in families with intellectual disability and/or non-progressive congenital ataxias. The objective of this study was to describe the neuropsychological and neuroimaging phenotype of CAMTA1 mutation. METHODS We performed neuropsychological examinations, MRI and FDG-PET imaging in three patients with autosomal dominant mild intellectual disabilities and ataxia induced by a CAMTA1 intragenic deletion at 1p36.31p36.23. RESULTS Neuropsychological tests showed similar findings in two patients, with low information processing speed, slow memory consolidation, phonological disorders, working memory deficits, but mainly preserved executive function. Bilateral parietal and medial temporal abnormalities were found on brain MRI. Diffuse parieto-occipital and local left temporo-parietal decrease of FDG uptake was observed on PET images. CONCLUSION These results suggest that CAMTA1 mutation may induce an unusual neuropsychological profile and parieto-temporal developmental abnormalities. We recommend screening for CAMTA1 mutations in patients with autosomal dominant mild intellectual disability presenting with similar a phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloi Magnin
- Department of Neurology, Besançon University Hospital, France; Memory Center (CMRR), Besançon University Hospital, France; Department of Functional Neuro-imaging, Besançon University Hospital, France.
| | - Oleg Blagosklonov
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and EA 4662 "Nanomedicine Lab, Imagery and Therapeutics", Franche-Comté University Besançon University Hospital, France
| | | | - Delphine Minot
- Genetic Center and Reference Center «Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs», Dijon University Hospital, France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- Genetic Center and Reference Center «Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs», Dijon University Hospital, France; EA 4271 "Génétique des Anomalies du Développement", IFR 100-Santé STIC, Bourgogne University, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Genetic Center and Reference Center «Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs», Dijon University Hospital, France; EA 4271 "Génétique des Anomalies du Développement", IFR 100-Santé STIC, Bourgogne University, Dijon, France
| | - Hatem Boulahdour
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and EA 4662 "Nanomedicine Lab, Imagery and Therapeutics", Franche-Comté University Besançon University Hospital, France
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- Genetic Center and Reference Center «Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs», Dijon University Hospital, France; EA 4271 "Génétique des Anomalies du Développement", IFR 100-Santé STIC, Bourgogne University, Dijon, France
| | - Lucien Rumbach
- Department of Neurology, Besançon University Hospital, France; Memory Center (CMRR), Besançon University Hospital, France; Clinical Investigation Centre, INSERM CIT 808, Besançon University Hospital, France
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Ataxia and Purkinje cell degeneration in mice lacking the CAMTA1 transcription factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:11521-6. [PMID: 25049392 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1411251111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) family of proteins function as calcium-sensitive regulators of gene expression in multicellular organisms ranging from plants to humans. Here, we show that global or nervous system deletion of CAMTA1 in mice causes severe ataxia with Purkinje cell degeneration and cerebellar atrophy, partially resembling the consequences of haploinsufficiency of the human CAMTA1 locus. Gene-expression analysis identified a large collection of neuronal genes that were dysregulated in the brains of CAMTA1-mutant mice, and elucidation of a consensus sequence for binding of CAMTA proteins to DNA revealed the association of CAMTA-binding sites with many of these genes. We conclude that CAMTA1 plays an essential role in the control of Purkinje cell function and survival. CAMTA1-mutant mice provide a model to study the molecular mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases and for screening potential therapeutic interventions for such disorders.
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Luciano M, Mõttus R, Harris SE, Davies G, Payton A, Ollier WER, Horan MA, Starr JM, Porteous DJ, Pendleton N, Deary IJ. Predicting cognitive ability in ageing cohorts using Type 2 diabetes genetic risk. Diabet Med 2014; 31:714-20. [PMID: 24344862 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether there is overlap in the genetic determinants of Type 2 diabetes and cognitive ageing by testing whether a genetic risk score for Type 2 diabetes can predict variation in cognitive function in older people without dementia. METHODS Type 2 diabetes genetic risk scores were estimated using various single nucleotide polymorphism significance inclusion criteria from an initial genome-wide association study, the largest in Type 2 diabetes to date. Scores were available for 2775-3057 individuals, depending on the cognitive trait. RESULTS Type 2 diabetes genetic risk was associated with self-reported diabetes mellitus. Across varying single nucleotide polymorphism-inclusion levels, a significant association between Type 2 diabetes genetic risk and change in general cognitive function was found (median r = 0.04); however, this was such that higher Type 2 diabetes genetic risk related to higher cognitive scores. CONCLUSIONS To investigate more fully the source of the often observed comorbidity between Type 2 diabetes and cognitive impairment, one direction for future research will be to use cognitive ability polygenic risk scores to predict Type 2 diabetes in line with the reverse causation hypothesis that people with lower pre-morbid cognitive ability are more likely to develop Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luciano
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Shinawi M, Coorg R, Shimony JS, Grange DK, Al-Kateb H. Intragenic CAMTA1 deletions are associated with a spectrum of neurobehavioral phenotypes. Clin Genet 2014; 87:478-82. [PMID: 24738973 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Intragenic copy number variations involving the CAMTA1 (calmodulin-binding transcription activator 1) gene have recently been reported in four unrelated families with intellectual disability (ID), ataxia, behavioral- and cerebellar-abnormalities. We report a detailed phenotypic and molecular characterization of three individuals with novel intragenic CAMTA1 deletions from two unrelated families and compare the findings to those of previously reported patients. Our patients had deletions of exons 6-11 and presented with ID, developmental delay (DD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and constipation. Two individuals from one family had also unsteady gait. Consistent phenotypes associated with CAMTA1 intragenic rearrangements include ID, speech problems and some dysmorphic features whereas neurobehavioral abnormalities are variable. We did not observe obvious phenotypic differences between patients with in-frame and those with frameshift rearrangements. There is an increased evidence that CAMTA1 has a role in brain and cerebellar function. CAMTA1 should be added to the growing list of genes associated with ID/DD, especially when behavioral problems, cerebellar signs, and/or dysmorphism are also present.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shinawi
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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LeBlanc M, Kulle B, Sundet K, Agartz I, Melle I, Djurovic S, Frigessi A, Andreassen OA. Genome-wide study identifies PTPRO and WDR72 and FOXQ1-SUMO1P1 interaction associated with neurocognitive function. J Psychiatr Res 2012; 46:271-8. [PMID: 22126837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several aspects of neurocognitive function have high heritability, but the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying neurocognition are not known. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genes associated with neurocognition. METHODS 700 Subjects (schizophrenia spectrum disorder, n=190, bipolar disorder n=157 and healthy individuals n=353) were tested with an extensive neuropsychological test battery, and genotyped using the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0. After quality control, linear regression analysis of each of the 24 cognitive tests on the SNP dosage was performed, including age, gender, education and disease group as covariates. Additionally, 9 SNPs trending toward genome-wide significance were considered for epistatic interactions. RESULTS Four SNPs and 2 independent association signals achieving genome-wide significance were identified. Three intronic SNPs in PTPRO were associated with learning and memory (CVLT-II LDFR) (rs17222089, p=1.55×10(-8); rs11056571, p=1.68×10(-8); and rs2300290, p=1.09×10(-8)). rs719714 downstream of WDR72 was associated with executive functioning (CW-3: Inhibition, D-KEFS) (p=4.32×10(-8)). A highly significant epistatic interaction was found between rs9378605 upstream of FOXQ1 and rs11699311 downstream of SUMO1P1 for the Grooved Pegboard test (p=7.6×10(-14)). CONCLUSIONS We identified four novel loci associated with neurocognitive function and one novel epistatic interaction. The findings should be replicated in independent samples, but indicate a role of PTPRO in learning and memory, WDR72 with executive functioning, and an interaction between FOXQ1 and SUMO1P1 for psychomotor speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa LeBlanc
- Epi-Gen, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Mikhail FM, Lose EJ, Robin NH, Descartes MD, Rutledge KD, Rutledge SL, Korf BR, Carroll AJ. Clinically relevant single gene or intragenic deletions encompassing critical neurodevelopmental genes in patients with developmental delay, mental retardation, and/or autism spectrum disorders. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 155A:2386-96. [PMID: 22031302 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that copy number variations (CNVs) encompassing several genes involved in neurodevelopmental pathways are associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric phenotypes, including developmental delay (DD), mental retardation (MR), and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Here we present eight patients in a cohort of approximately 1,200 patients referred for clinical array CGH testing for various neurodevelopmental phenotypes,whowere identified to carry small (<1.0Mb with the majority <500 kb) either total gene or intragenic deletions encompassing critical synaptic and other neurodevelopmental genes. The presentations of these patients included variable degrees of DD, speech problems, learning disabilities, MR, autistic-like features, and mild non-specific dysmorphic features. These genes belong to four functional categories, including neuronal transcription factor genes (NFIA at 1p31.3, MEF2C at 5q14.3, andCAMAT1at 1p36.23p36.31), neuron-specific splicing factor genes (RBFOX1 at 16p13.2p13.3), genes involved in synapse formation and maintenance (CNTNAP2 at 7q35 and LRFN5 at 14q21.2), and genes involved in neurotransmission (CHRNA7 at 15q13.3 and IL1RAPL1 at Xp21.2p21.3). Our report expands the list of neurodevelopmental genes deleted in various neurobehavioral phenotypes, expands the phenotypes caused by haploinsufficiency of previously reported critical neurodevelopmental genes, and elucidates the clinical relevance and need for careful clinical interpretation of some small CNVs<500 kb. This report also suggests that small clinically relevant deletions encompassing critical synaptic and other neurodevelopmental genes can present clinically with various neurobehavioral phenotypes, which implies the existence of overlapping neuronal pathways in the pathogenesis of these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fady M Mikhail
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA.
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Abstract
Several studies have linked the KIBRA rs17070145 T polymorphism to superior episodic memory in healthy humans. One study investigated the effect of KIBRA on brain activation patterns (Papassotiropoulos et al., 2006) and observed increased hippocampal activation in noncarriers of the T allele during retrieval. Noncarriers were interpreted to need more hippocampal activation to reach the same performance level as T carriers. Using large behavioral (N = 2230) and fMRI (N = 83) samples, we replicated the KIBRA effect on episodic memory performance, but found increased hippocampal activation in T carriers during episodic retrieval. There was no evidence of compensatory brain activation in noncarriers within the hippocampal region. In the main fMRI sample, T carriers performed better than noncarriers during scanning but, importantly, the difference in hippocampus activation remained after post hoc matching according to performance, sex, and age (N = 64). These findings link enhanced memory performance in KIBRA T allele carriers to elevated hippocampal functioning, rather than to neural compensation in noncarriers.
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Sakurai T, Ogasawara J, Kizaki T, Ishibashi Y, Fujiwara T, Akagawa K, Izawa T, Oh-ishi S, Haga S, Ohno H. Involvement of leucine zipper transcription factor-like protein 1 (Lztfl1) in the attenuation of cognitive impairment by exercise training. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 416:125-9. [PMID: 22093827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that exercise prevents and reduces cognitive impairment. In the present study, we focused on exercise training as a tool to prevent cognitive impairment, and searched for novel molecules that may relate to the prevention of cognitive impairment in the hippocampus. Two-month-old senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8) mice were subjected to voluntary exercise training by running on a wheel for 4 months, and were then assigned a conditioned fear memory test. Moreover, various mRNA levels in the hippocampus were examined by DNA array analysis and real-time PCR. Contextual fear memory in SAMP8 control mice was significantly impaired compared with that in non-senescence mice. Exercise training definitely attenuated such cognitive impairment. The results of real-time PCR analysis that was conducted following DNA array analysis in the hippocampus revealed that, compared with SAMR8 control mice, the expression levels of leucine zipper transcription factor-like protein 1 (Lztfl1) mRNA were significantly higher in SAMP8 mice subjected to exercise training. In addition, the overexpression of Lztfl1 promoted neurite outgrowth in Neuro 2a cells. These results suggest that exercise has a preventive effect on cognitive impairment in SAMP8 mice, and that exercise-induced increase in Lztfl1 induces neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan.
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Miller LA, Gunstad J, Spitznagel MB, McCaffery J, McGeary J, Poppas A, Paul RH, Sweet LH, Cohen RA. CAMTA1 T polymorphism is associated with neuropsychological test performance in older adults with cardiovascular disease. Psychogeriatrics 2011; 11:135-40. [PMID: 21951953 DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-8301.2011.00357.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease has long been associated with poor neurocognitive outcome, with multiple pathophysiological mechanisms that are linked to cognitive impairment in older adults. Although less frequently examined, insulin dysregulation is known to affect vascular function and the associated brain dysfunction in cardiovascular disease. Accordingly, genetic factors tied to insulin regulation may make certain people with cardiovascular disease more susceptible to cognitive dysfunction. Specifically, the calmodulin-binding transcription activator 1 (CAMTA1) genotype, which has been examined as a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes and has been linked to reduced episodic memory performance in healthy young adults, is a potential candidate gene. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from 113 older adults with cardiovascular disease who also underwent neuropsychological testing. Carriers of either one or two copies of the T allele of CAMTA1 were categorized into one group (n = 63), whereas non-carriers were categorized into a second group (n = 50). RESULTS Analyses showed that carriers of the T allele performed more poorly on tests of attention, executive function, and psychomotor speed, but not on tests of memory. Carriers of the T allele also performed more poorly on a measure of global cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that CAMTA1 genotype is associated with cognitive function in older adults with cardiovascular disease, because carriers of the T allele performed more poorly on tests of attention, executive function, and psychomotor speed. Contrary to expectations, there were no differences in memory performance among carriers and non-carriers of the T allele. Given these mixed findings, further studies are necessary to elucidate the association between CAMTA1 and cognition, particularly gene expression and neuroimaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Miller
- Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Summa Health System, Akron, Ohio 44242, USA
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Tanas MR, Sboner A, Oliveira AM, Erickson-Johnson MR, Hespelt J, Hanwright PJ, Flanagan J, Luo Y, Fenwick K, Natrajan R, Mitsopoulos C, Zvelebil M, Hoch BL, Weiss SW, Debiec-Rychter M, Sciot R, West RB, Lazar AJ, Ashworth A, Reis-Filho JS, Lord CJ, Gerstein MB, Rubin MA, Rubin BP. Identification of a disease-defining gene fusion in epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. Sci Transl Med 2011; 3:98ra82. [PMID: 21885404 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3002409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Integrating transcriptomic sequencing with conventional cytogenetics, we identified WWTR1 (WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1) (3q25) and CAMTA1 (calmodulin-binding transcription activator 1) (1p36) as the two genes involved in the t(1;3)(p36;q25) chromosomal translocation that is characteristic of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE), a vascular sarcoma. This WWTR1/CAMTA1 gene fusion is under the transcriptional control of the WWTR1 promoter and encodes a putative chimeric transcription factor that joins the amino terminus of WWTR1, a protein that is highly expressed in endothelial cells, in-frame to the carboxyl terminus of CAMTA1, a protein that is normally expressed only in brain. Thus, CAMTA1 expression is activated inappropriately through a promoter-switch mechanism. The gene fusion is present in virtually all EHEs tested but is absent from all other vascular neoplasms, demonstrating it to be a disease-defining genetic alteration. A sensitive and specific break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization assay was also developed to detect the translocation and will assist in the evaluation of this diagnostically challenging neoplasm. The chimeric WWTR1/CAMTA1 transcription factor may represent a therapeutic target for EHE and offers the opportunity to shed light on the functions of two poorly characterized proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munir R Tanas
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Anatomic Pathology, Lerner Research Institute, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Harris SE, Deary IJ. The genetics of cognitive ability and cognitive ageing in healthy older people. Trends Cogn Sci 2011; 15:388-94. [PMID: 21840749 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Determining the genetic influences on cognitive ability in old age and in cognitive ageing are important areas of research in an increasingly ageing society. Heritability studies indicate that genetic variants strongly influence cognitive ability differences throughout the lifespan, including in old age. To date, however, only the genes encoding apolipoprotein E (APOE) and possibly catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and dystrobrevin binding protein 1 (DTNBP1) have repeatedly been associated in candidate gene studies with cognitive decline or with cognitive ability in older individuals. Genome-wide association studies have identified further potential loci, but results are tentative. Advances in exome and/or whole-genome sequencing, transcriptomics, proteomics and methylomics hold significant promise for uncovering the genetic underpinnings of cognitive ability and decline in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
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Papassotiropoulos A, de Quervain DJF. Genetics of human episodic memory: dealing with complexity. Trends Cogn Sci 2011; 15:381-7. [PMID: 21835680 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory is a polygenic behavioral trait with substantial heritability estimates. Despite its complexity, recent empirical evidence supports the notion that behavioral genetic studies of episodic memory might successfully identify trait-associated molecules and pathways. The development of high-throughput genotyping methods, of elaborated statistical analyses and of phenotypic assessment methods at the neural systems level will facilitate the reliable identification of novel memory-related genes. Importantly, a necessary crosstalk between behavioral genetic studies and investigation of causality by molecular genetic studies will ultimately pave the way towards the identification of biologically important, and hopefully druggable, genes and molecular pathways related to human episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Papassotiropoulos
- Department of Psychology, Division of Molecular Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Kussmann M, Krause L, Siffert W. Nutrigenomics: where are we with genetic and epigenetic markers for disposition and susceptibility? Nutr Rev 2010; 68 Suppl 1:S38-47. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00326.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Haworth CMA, Plomin R. Quantitative genetics in the era of molecular genetics: learning abilities and disabilities as an example. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2010; 49:783-93. [PMID: 20643312 PMCID: PMC2908597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To consider recent findings from quantitative genetic research in the context of molecular genetic research, especially genome-wide association studies. We focus on findings that go beyond merely estimating heritability. We use learning abilities and disabilities as examples. METHOD Recent twin research in the area of learning abilities and disabilities was reviewed. RESULTS Three findings from quantitative genetic research stand out for their far-reaching implications for child and adolescent psychiatry. First, common disorders such as learning difficulties are the quantitative extreme of the same genetic factors responsible for genetic influence throughout the normal distribution (the Common Disorders are Quantitative Traits Hypothesis). Second, the same set of genes is largely responsible for genetic influence across diverse learning and cognitive abilities and disabilities (the Generalist Genes Hypothesis). Third, experiences are just as influenced genetically as are behaviors and genetic factors mediate associations between widely used measures of the environment and behavioural outcomes (the Nature of Nurture Hypothesis). CONCLUSIONS Quantitative genetics can go far beyond the rudimentary "how much" question about nature versus nurture, and can continue to provide important findings in the era of molecular genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M A Haworth
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom.
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Olfactory discrimination training up-regulates and reorganizes expression of microRNAs in adult mouse hippocampus. ASN Neuro 2010; 2:e00028. [PMID: 20309390 PMCID: PMC2832745 DOI: 10.1042/an20090055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult male mice (strain C57Bl/6J) were trained to execute nose-poke responses for water reinforcement; then they were randomly assigned to either of two groups: olfactory discrimination training (exposed to two odours with reward contingent upon correctly responding to one odour) or pseudo-training (exposed to two odours with reward not contingent upon response). These were run in yoked fashion and killed when the discrimination-trained mouse reached a learning criterion of 70% correct responses in 20 trials, occurring after three sessions (a total of ∼40 min of training). The hippocampus was dissected bilaterally from each mouse (N = 7 in each group) and profiling of 585 miRNAs (microRNAs) was carried out using multiplex RT–PCR (reverse transcription–PCR) plates. A significant global up-regulation of miRNA expression was observed in the discrimination training versus pseudo-training comparison; when tested individually, 29 miRNAs achieved significance at P = 0.05. miR-10a showed a 2.7-fold increase with training, and is predicted to target several learning-related mRNAs including BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), CAMK2b (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIβ), CREB1 (cAMP-response-element-binding protein 1) and ELAVL2 [ELAV (embryonic lethal, abnormal vision, Drosophila)-like; Hu B]. Analysis of miRNA pairwise correlations revealed the existence of several miRNA co-expression modules that were specific to the training group. These in vivo results indicate that significant, dynamic and co-ordinated changes in miRNA expression accompany early stages of learning.
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Key Words
- BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- Ct, threshold cycle value
- DHPG, (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine
- LTP, long-term potentiation
- MEF2, myocyte enhancer factor-2
- NMDA, N-methyl-d-aspartate
- RISC, RNA-induced silencing complex
- RT-PCR, reverse transcription-PCR
- TLDA, TaqMan® Low Density Arrays
- TOP, terminal oligopyrimidine
- dicer
- learning
- miRNA, microRNA
- microRNA
- olfactory discrimination
- pre-miR, miRNA small hairpin precursor
- pri-miR, primary miRNA gene transcript
- snoRNA, small nucleolar RNA
- synaptic plasticity
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Cirulli ET, Kasperaviciūte D, Attix DK, Need AC, Ge D, Gibson G, Goldstein DB. Common genetic variation and performance on standardized cognitive tests. Eur J Hum Genet 2010; 18:815-20. [PMID: 20125193 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2010.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One surprising feature of the recently completed waves of genome-wide association studies is the limited impact of common genetic variation in individually detectable polymorphisms on many human traits. This has been particularly pronounced for studies on psychiatric conditions, which have failed to produce clear, replicable associations for common variants. One popular explanation for these negative findings is that many of these traits may be genetically heterogeneous, leading to the idea that relevant endophenotypes may be more genetically tractable. Aspects of cognition may be the most important endophenotypes for psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, leading many researchers to pursue large-scale studies on the genetic contributors of cognitive performance in the normal population as a surrogate for aspects of liability to disease. Here, we perform a genome-wide association study with two tests of executive function, Digit Symbol and Stroop Color-Word, in 1086 healthy volunteers and with an expanded cognitive battery in 514 of these volunteers. We show that, consistent with published studies of the psychiatric conditions themselves, no single common variant has a large effect (explaining >4-8% of the population variation) on the performance of healthy individuals on standardized cognitive tests. Given that these are important endophenotypes, our work is consistent with the idea that identifying rare genetic causes of psychiatric conditions may be more important for future research than identifying genetically homogenous endophenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T Cirulli
- Center for Human Genome Variation, Duke Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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