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Rezaie N, Mansour Samaei N, Ghorbani A, Gholipour N, Vosough S, Rafigh M, Amini A. A novel start-loss mutation of the SLC29A3 gene in a consanguineous family with H syndrome: clinical characteristics, in silico analysis and literature review. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:178. [PMID: 38965556 PMCID: PMC11225203 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01949-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SLC29A3 gene, which encodes a nucleoside transporter protein, is primarily located in intracellular membranes. The mutations in this gene can give rise to various clinical manifestations, including H syndrome, dysosteosclerosis, Faisalabad histiocytosis, and pigmented hypertrichosis with insulin-dependent diabetes. The aim of this study is to present two Iranian patients with H syndrome and to describe a novel start-loss mutation in SLC29A3 gene. METHODS In this study, we employed whole-exome sequencing (WES) as a method to identify genetic variations that contribute to the development of H syndrome in a 16-year-old girl and her 8-year-old brother. These siblings were part of an Iranian family with consanguineous parents. To confirmed the pathogenicity of the identified variant, we utilized in-silico tools and cross-referenced various databases to confirm its novelty. Additionally, we conducted a co-segregation study and verified the presence of the variant in the parents of the affected patients through Sanger sequencing. RESULTS In our study, we identified a novel start-loss mutation (c.2T > A, p.Met1Lys) in the SLC29A3 gene, which was found in both of two patients. Co-segregation analysis using Sanger sequencing confirmed that this variant was inherited from the parents. To evaluate the potential pathogenicity and novelty of this mutation, we consulted various databases. Additionally, we employed bioinformatics tools to predict the three-dimensional structure of the mutant SLC29A3 protein. These analyses were conducted with the aim of providing valuable insights into the functional implications of the identified mutation on the structure and function of the SLC29A3 protein. CONCLUSION Our study contributes to the expanding body of evidence supporting the association between mutations in the SLC29A3 gene and H syndrome. The molecular analysis of diseases related to SLC29A3 is crucial in understanding the range of variability and raising awareness of H syndrome, with the ultimate goal of facilitating early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The discovery of this novel biallelic variant in the probands further underscores the significance of utilizing genetic testing approaches, such as WES, as dependable diagnostic tools for individuals with this particular condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Rezaie
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Nader Mansour Samaei
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
- Gorgan Congenital Malformations Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
- Department of Cytogenetics, Genome Genetics Laboratory, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran.
| | - Ayda Ghorbani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Gholipour
- Department of Cytogenetics, Genome Genetics Laboratory, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran
| | - Shohreh Vosough
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Sayyad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Rafigh
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Amini
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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Aslani N, Abtahi-Naeini B, Rastegarnasab F, Derakhshan M, Tavousi E, Mehraein K. Combination of four features of SLC29A3 spectrum disorder in a child: A case report. Pediatr Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38689526 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
SLC29A3 spectrum disorder, also known as histiocytosis-lymphadenopathy plus syndrome (HLPS), presents a wide variety of multi-systemic manifestations that can be mistaken for other conditions. Herein, we report a 9-year-old girl who presented with a complex clinical presentation since birth, including chronic generalized lymphadenopathy in association with hepatosplenomegaly, short stature, flexion contractures, hearing loss, hyperpigmentation, and heart anomalies. She was ultimately diagnosed with the SLC29A3 spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Aslani
- Pediatric Rheumatology Society of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pediatrics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahareh Abtahi-Naeini
- Pediatric Dermatology Division of Department of Pediatrics, Imam Hossein Children's Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Derakhshan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Tavousi
- Department of Pediatrics, Imam Hossein Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kimia Mehraein
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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3
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Szoszkiewicz A, Bukowska-Olech E, Jamsheer A. Molecular landscape of congenital vertebral malformations: recent discoveries and future directions. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:32. [PMID: 38291488 PMCID: PMC10829358 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Vertebral malformations (VMs) pose a significant global health problem, causing chronic pain and disability. Vertebral defects occur as isolated conditions or within the spectrum of various congenital disorders, such as Klippel-Feil syndrome, congenital scoliosis, spondylocostal dysostosis, sacral agenesis, and neural tube defects. Although both genetic abnormalities and environmental factors can contribute to abnormal vertebral development, our knowledge on molecular mechanisms of numerous VMs is still limited. Furthermore, there is a lack of resource that consolidates the current knowledge in this field. In this pioneering review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the latest research on the molecular basis of VMs and the association of the VMs-related causative genes with bone developmental signaling pathways. Our study identifies 118 genes linked to VMs, with 98 genes involved in biological pathways crucial for the formation of the vertebral column. Overall, the review summarizes the current knowledge on VM genetics, and provides new insights into potential involvement of biological pathways in VM pathogenesis. We also present an overview of available data regarding the role of epigenetic and environmental factors in VMs. We identify areas where knowledge is lacking, such as precise molecular mechanisms in which specific genes contribute to the development of VMs. Finally, we propose future research avenues that could address knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szoszkiewicz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Bukowska-Olech
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksander Jamsheer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806, Poznan, Poland.
- Centers for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Dąbrowskiego 77A, 60-529, Poznan, Poland.
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Ma H, Qu J, Liao Y, Liu L, Yan M, Wei Y, Xu W, Luo J, Dai Y, Pang Z, Qu Q. Equilibrative nucleotide transporter ENT3 (SLC29A3): A unique transporter for inherited disorders and cancers. Exp Cell Res 2024; 434:113892. [PMID: 38104646 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
As a crucial gene associated with diseases, the SLC29A3 gene encodes the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3 (ENT3). ENT3 plays an essential regulatory role in transporting intracellular hydrophilic nucleosides, nucleotides, hydrophilic anticancer and antiviral nucleoside drugs, energy metabolism, subcellular localization, protein stability, and signal transduction. The mutation and inactivation of SLC29A3 are intimately linked to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of various human tumors. Moreover, many hereditary human diseases, such as H syndrome, pigmentary hypertrichosis and non-autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (PHID) syndrome, Faisalabad histiocytosis (FHC), are related to SLC29A3 mutations. This review explores the mechanisms of SLC29A3 mutations and expression alterations in inherited disorders and cancers. Additionally, we compile studies on the inhibition of ENT3, which may serve as an effective strategy to potentiate the anticancer activity of chemotherapy. Thus, the synopsis of genetics, permeant function and drug therapy of ENT3 provides a new theoretical and empirical foundation for the diagnosis, prognosis of evaluation and treatment of various related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China; Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China; Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China; Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkang Liao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Linxin Liu
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China; Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China; Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zicheng Pang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China; Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China; Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China.
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Miyake K, Shibata T, Fukui R, Murakami Y, Sato R, Hiranuma R. Endosomal Toll-Like Receptors as Therapeutic Targets for Autoimmune Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1444:97-108. [PMID: 38467975 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9781-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acid (NA)-sensing Toll-like receptors (TLRs) reside in the endosomal compartment of innate immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. NAs transported to the endosomal compartment are degraded by DNases and RNases. Degradation products, including single-stranded DNA, oligoRNA, and nucleosides, are recognized by TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 to drive the defense responses against pathogens. NA degradation influences endosomal TLR responses by generating and degrading TLR ligands. TLR ligand accumulation because of impaired NA degradation causes constitutive TLR activation, leading to autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, some genes associated with these diseases promote endosomal TLR responses. Therefore, endosomal TLRs are promising therapeutic targets for TLR-mediated inflammatory diseases, and novel drugs targeting TLRs are being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Miyake
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takuma Shibata
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Fukui
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Murakami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Sato
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Hiranuma
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Hamsho S, Alaswad M, Sleiay M, Alhusseini A. Hyperglycemia with hypogonadism and growth hormone deficiency in a 17-year-old male with H syndrome: the first case report from Syria. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:274. [PMID: 38093297 PMCID: PMC10720192 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01525-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nucleoside transport capabilities of the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-3 (hENT3) are disrupted by mutations in SLC29A3 (10q22.2), which are genes for the nucleoside transporter and are the cause of the unusual autosomal recessive disease known as H syndrome. As a result, histiocytic cells invade a number of organs. CASE PRESENTATION A 17-year-old Syrian male was admitted to the internal medicine department with a one-month history of polyuria, polydipsia, general weakness, and pallor. He had a history of progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and failure to gain weight for three years. Physical examination revealed various abnormalities, including scrotal mass, small penis and testicles, absence of pubic and axillary hair, joint abnormalities, short stature, hallux valgus, fibrous protrusion near the navel, and hyperpigmented non-itchy painful skin plaques. Clinical signs along with laboratory test results confirmed hyperglycemia, primary hypogonadism, osteopenia, and growth hormone deficiency. After a review of the relevant medical literature, this patient's presentation of hyperglycemia with hypogonadism, hyperpigmentation, hallux valgus, hearing loss, hematological abnormalities, and short stature suggested the diagnosis of H syndrome. The patient received treatment with insulin and testosterone, leading to a significant improvement in his presenting symptoms. CONCLUSIONS H syndrome is a very rare condition, and the fact that the first case has only recently been reported in Syria serves to emphasize how rare it is. H Syndrome should be suspected if a patient has short stature with signs of hyperglycemia and other endocrine and cutaneous abnormalities. We are reporting this case to increase physicians' awareness of this exceedingly rare and unique syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suaad Hamsho
- Rheumatology department, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | | | | | - Ayham Alhusseini
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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Shibata T, Sato R, Taoka M, Saitoh SI, Komine M, Yamaguchi K, Goyama S, Motoi Y, Kitaura J, Izawa K, Yamauchi Y, Tsukamoto Y, Ichinohe T, Fujita E, Hiranuma R, Fukui R, Furukawa Y, Kitamura T, Takai T, Tojo A, Ohtsuki M, Ohto U, Shimizu T, Ozawa M, Yoshida N, Isobe T, Latz E, Mukai K, Taguchi T, Hemmi H, Akira S, Miyake K. TLR7/8 stress response drives histiocytosis in SLC29A3 disorders. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20230054. [PMID: 37462944 PMCID: PMC10354536 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the lysosomal nucleoside transporter SLC29A3 cause lysosomal nucleoside storage and histiocytosis: phagocyte accumulation in multiple organs. However, little is known about the mechanism by which lysosomal nucleoside storage drives histiocytosis. Herein, histiocytosis in Slc29a3-/- mice was shown to depend on Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), which senses a combination of nucleosides and oligoribonucleotides (ORNs). TLR7 increased phagocyte numbers by driving the proliferation of Ly6Chi immature monocytes and their maturation into Ly6Clow phagocytes in Slc29a3-/- mice. Downstream of TLR7, FcRγ and DAP10 were required for monocyte proliferation. Histiocytosis is accompanied by inflammation in SLC29A3 disorders. However, TLR7 in nucleoside-laden splenic monocytes failed to activate inflammatory responses. Enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines was observed only after stimulation with ssRNAs, which would increase lysosomal ORNs. Patient-derived monocytes harboring the G208R SLC29A3 mutation showed enhanced survival and proliferation in a TLR8-antagonist-sensitive manner. These results demonstrated that TLR7/8 responses to lysosomal nucleoside stress drive SLC29A3 disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Shibata
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Sato
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Taoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiroh Saitoh
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Komine
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Goyama
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Motoi
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiro Kitaura
- Atopy Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumi Izawa
- Atopy Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamauchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Tsukamoto
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ichinohe
- Division of Viral Infection, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuko Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Hiranuma
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Fukui
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Furukawa
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Kitamura
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takai
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Arinobu Tojo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamitaro Ohtsuki
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Umeharu Ohto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shimizu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Ozawa
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Yoshida
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kojiro Mukai
- Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Laboratory of Organelle Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Taguchi
- Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Laboratory of Organelle Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hemmi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premier Institute—Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kensuke Miyake
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Qin P, Yan J, Huang H, Wang Q, Li M, Zhang Y, Wang J, Jiang T, Zhang X, Zhou Y. Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3 promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124323. [PMID: 37023875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3 (ENT3) belongs to the solute carrier family 29. Nucleoside transporters encoded by ENT3 play an important role in the uptake of nucleosides, nucleobases, and their nucleoside analogs, as well as participate in and regulate several physiological activities. However, no study has so far reported the role of ENT3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We employed bioinformatics to analyze the expression, prognosis, and mechanism of ENT3 in HCC, as well as verified the same through biological experiments including cell proliferation, cell migration and invasion, and cell cycle and apoptosis, along with the detection of the AKT/mTOR protein expression in the pathway by Western blotting. ENT3 was widely and highly expressed in pan-cancer and upregulated in HCC. The upregulated ENT3 was related to the poor prognosis and clinical features in HCC patients. ENT3 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and promoted cell apoptosis. ENT3 knockdown reduced the p-AKT and p-mTOR protein phosphorylation level, inhibited p-p70S6K1 and increased the p-4EBP1-the downstream effector of the AKT/mTOR pathway-protein phosphorylation level. Our study findings demonstrated that the expression of ENT3 was upregulated in HCC, which represents a poor prognosis. Thus, ENT3 promotes the progression of HCC through the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifang Qin
- Department of Microbiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jianguo Yan
- Department of Physiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Physiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Mao Li
- Department of Physiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Yali Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
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Hsieh Y, Tsai T, Huang S, Heng J, Huang Y, Tsai P, Tu C, Chao T, Tsai Y, Chang P, Lee C, Yu G, Chang S, Dzhagalov IL, Hsu C. IFN-stimulated metabolite transporter ENT3 facilitates viral genome release. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55286. [PMID: 36652307 PMCID: PMC9986816 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing amount of evidence emphasizes the role of metabolic reprogramming in immune cells to fight infections. However, little is known about the regulation of metabolite transporters that facilitate and support metabolic demands. In this study, we found that the expression of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3 (ENT3, encoded by solute carrier family 29 member 3, Slc29a3) is part of the innate immune response, which is rapidly upregulated upon pathogen invasion. The transcription of Slc29a3 is directly regulated by type I interferon-induced signaling, demonstrating that this metabolite transporter is an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG). Suprisingly, we unveil that several viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, require ENT3 to facilitate their entry into the cytoplasm. The removal or suppression of Slc29a3 expression is sufficient to significantly decrease viral replication in vitro and in vivo. Our study reveals that ENT3 is a pro-viral ISG co-opted by some viruses to gain a survival advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ting Hsieh
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Tsung‐Lin Tsai
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Shen‐Yan Huang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Jian‐Wen Heng
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Chia Huang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Pei‐Yuan Tsai
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Chun Tu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | - Ya‐Min Tsai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical BiotechnologyNational Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Pei‐Ching Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chien‐Kuo Lee
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Guann‐Yi Yu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research InstitutesMiaoliTaiwan
| | - Sui‐Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical BiotechnologyNational Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Laboratory MedicineNational Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ivan L. Dzhagalov
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Lin Hsu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
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10
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Turan S. Osteopetrosis: Gene-based nosology and significance Dysosteosclerosis. Bone 2023; 167:116615. [PMID: 36402365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dysosteosclerosis (DSS) refers to skeletal dysplasias that radiographically feature focal appendicular osteosclerosis with variable platyspondyly. Genetic heterogeneity is increasingly reported for the DSS phenotype and now involves mutations of SLC29A3, TNFRSF11A, TCIRG1, LRRK1, and CSF1R. Typical radiological findings are widened radiolucent long bones with thin cortices yet dense irregular metaphyses, flattened vertebral bodies, dense ribs, and multiple fractures. However, the radiographic features of DSS evolve, and the metaphyseal and/or appendicular osteosclerosis variably fades with increasing patient age, likely due to some residual osteoclast function. Fractures are the principal presentation of DSS, and may even occur in infancy with SLC29A3-associated DSS. Cranial base sclerosis can lead to cranial nerve palsies such as optic atrophy, and may be the initial presentation, though not observed with SLC29A3-associated DSS. Gene-specific extra-skeletal features can be the main complication in some forms of DSS such as CSF1R- associated DSS. Further genetic heterogeneity is likely, especially for X-linked recessive DSS and cases currently with an unknown genetic defect. Distinguishing DSS can be challenging due to variable clinical and radiological features and an evolving phenotype. However, defining the DSS phenotype is important for predicting complications, prognosis, and instituting appropriate health surveillance and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Turan
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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11
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Elbaz Younes I, Sokol L, Zhang L. Rosai-Dorfman Disease between Proliferation and Neoplasia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5271. [PMID: 36358690 PMCID: PMC9654168 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare myeloproliferative disorder of histiocytes with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and peculiar morphologic features (accumulation of histiocytes with emperipolesis). Typically, the patient with RDD shows bilateral painless, massive cervical lymphadenopathy associated with B symptoms. Approximately 43% of patients presented with extranodal involvement. According to the 2016 revised histiocytosis classification, RDD belongs to the R group, including familial and sporadic form (classical nodal, extranodal, unclassified, or RDD associated with neoplasia or immune disease). Sporadic RDD is often self-limited. Most RDD needs only local therapies. Nevertheless, a small subpopulation of patients may be refractory to conventional therapy and die of the disease. Recent studies consider RDD a clonal neoplastic process, as approximately 1/3 of these patients harbor gene mutations involving the MAPK/ERK pathway, e.g., NRAS, KRAS, MAP2K1, and, rarely, the BRAF mutation. In addition to typical histiocytic markers (S100/fascin/CD68/CD163, etc.), recent studies show that the histiocytes in RDD also express BCL-1 and OCT2, which might be important in pathogenesis. Additionally, the heterozygous germline mutation involving the FAS gene TNFRSF6 is identified in some RDD patients with an autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type Ia. SLC29A3 germline mutation is associated with familial or Faisalabad histiocytosis and H syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lubomir Sokol
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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12
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Besci Ö, Patel KA, Yıldız G, Tüfekçi Ö, Acinikli KY, Erbaş İM, Abacı A, Böber E, Bayram MT, Yılmaz Ş, Demir K. Atypical comorbidities in a child considered to have type 1 diabetes led to the diagnosis of SLC29A3 spectrum disorder. Hormones (Athens) 2022; 21:501-506. [PMID: 35284993 PMCID: PMC7613593 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-022-00352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION SLC29A3 spectrum disorder is an autosomal, recessively inherited, autoinflammatory, multisystem disorder characterized by distinctive cutaneous features, including hyperpigmentation or hypertrichosis, hepatosplenomegaly, hearing loss, cardiac anomalies, hypogonadism, short stature, and insulin-dependent diabetes. CASE PRESENTATION Herein, we report a 6-year-old boy who presented with features resembling type 1 diabetes mellitus, but his clinical course was complicated by IgA nephropathy, pure red cell aplasia, and recurrent febrile episodes. The patient was tested for the presence of pathogenic variants in 53 genes related to monogenic diabetes and found to be compound heterozygous for two SLC29A3 pathogenic variants (p. Arg386Gln and p. Leu298fs). CONCLUSION This case demonstrated that SLC29A3 spectrum disorder should be included in the differential diagnosis of diabetes with atypical comorbidities, even when the distinctive dermatological hallmarks of SLC29A3 spectrum disorder are entirely absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Besci
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Gizem Yıldız
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Özlem Tüfekçi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Kübra Yüksek Acinikli
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Mert Erbaş
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Abacı
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ece Böber
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Meral Torun Bayram
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Şebnem Yılmaz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Korcan Demir
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey.
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13
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Pastor-Anglada M, Mata-Ventosa A, Pérez-Torras S. Inborn Errors of Nucleoside Transporter (NT)-Encoding Genes ( SLC28 and SLC29). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8770. [PMID: 35955904 PMCID: PMC9369021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper regulation of nucleotide pools is essential for all types of cellular functions and depends on de novo nucleotide biosynthesis, salvage, and degradation pathways. Despite the apparent essentiality of these processes, a significant number of rare diseases associated with mutations in genes encoding various enzymes of these pathways have been already identified, and others are likely yet to come. However, knowledge on genetic alterations impacting on nucleoside and nucleobase transporters is still limited. At this moment three gene-encoding nucleoside and nucleobase transporter proteins have been reported to be mutated in humans, SLC29A1, SLC29A3, and SLC28A1, impacting on the expression and function of ENT1, ENT3, and CNT1, respectively. ENT1 alterations determine Augustine-null blood type and cause ectopic calcification during aging. ENT3 deficiency translates into various clinical manifestations and syndromes, altogether listed in the OMIM catalog as histiocytosis-lymphoadenopathy plus syndrome (OMIM#602782). CNT1 deficiency causes uridine-cytidineuria (URCTU) (OMIM#618477), a unique type of pyrimidineuria with an as yet not well-known clinical impact. Increasing knowledge on the physiological, molecular and structural features of these transporter proteins is helping us to better understand the biological basis behind the biochemical and clinical manifestations caused by these deficiencies. Moreover, they also support the view that some metabolic compensation might occur in these disturbances, because they do not seem to significantly impact nucleotide homeostasis, but rather other biological events associated with particular subtypes of transporter proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marçal Pastor-Anglada
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER EHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Mata-Ventosa
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER EHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez-Torras
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER EHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Hillson R. Hair and diabetes. PRACTICAL DIABETES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Barbetti F, Rapini N, Schiaffini R, Bizzarri C, Cianfarani S. The application of precision medicine in monogenic diabetes. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2022; 17:111-129. [PMID: 35230204 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2035216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monogenic diabetes, a form of diabetes mellitus, is caused by a mutation in a single gene and may account for 1-2% of all clinical forms of diabetes. To date, more than 40 loci have been associated with either isolated or syndromic monogenic diabetes. AREAS COVERED While the request of a genetic test is mandatory for cases with diabetes onset in the first 6 months of life, a decision may be difficult for childhood or adolescent diabetes. In an effort to assist the clinician in this task, we have grouped monogenic diabetes genes according to the age of onset (or incidental discovery) of hyperglycemia and described the additional clinical features found in syndromic diabetes. The therapeutic options available are reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Technical improvements in DNA sequencing allow for rapid, simultaneous analysis of all genes involved in monogenic diabetes, progressively shrinking the area of unsolved cases. However, the complexity of the analysis of genetic data requires close cooperation between the geneticist and the diabetologist, who should play a proactive role by providing a detailed clinical phenotype that might match a specific disease gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Barbetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Diabetology and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Novella Rapini
- Diabetology and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Schiaffini
- Diabetology and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Bizzarri
- Diabetology and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Cianfarani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero, IRCCS "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Women's and Children Health, Karolisnska Institute and University Hospital, Sweden
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16
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Gu J, Geng M, Qi M, Wang L, Zhang Y, Gao J. The role of lysosomal membrane proteins in glucose and lipid metabolism. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21848. [PMID: 34582051 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002602r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes have long been regarded as the "garbage dump" of the cell. More recently, however, researchers have revealed novel roles for lysosomal membranes in autophagy, ion transport, nutrition sensing, and membrane fusion and repair. With active research into lysosomal membrane proteins (LMP), increasing evidence has become available showing that LMPs are inextricably linked to glucose and lipid metabolism, and this relationship represents mutual influence and regulation. In this review, we summarize the roles of LMPs in relation to glucose and lipid metabolism, and describe their roles in glucose transport, glycolysis, cholesterol transport, and lipophagy. The role of transport proteins can be traced back to the original discoveries of GLUT8, NPC1, and NPC2, which were all found to have significant roles in the pathways involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. CLC-5 and SIDT2-knockout animals show serious phenotypic disorders of metabolism, and V-ATPase and LAMP-2 have been found to interact with proteins related to glucose and lipid metabolism. These findings all emphasize the critical role of LMPs in glycolipid metabolism and help to strengthen our understanding of the independent and close relationship between LMPs and glycolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-Molecules Research (Wannan Medical College), Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Mengya Geng
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-Molecules Research (Wannan Medical College), Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Mengxiang Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-Molecules Research (Wannan Medical College), Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Lizhuo Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-Molecules Research (Wannan Medical College), Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-Molecules Research (Wannan Medical College), Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jialin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-Molecules Research (Wannan Medical College), Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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17
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Shi D, Motamed M, Mejía-Benítez A, Li L, Lin E, Budhram D, Kaur Y, Meyre D. Genetic syndromes with diabetes: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13303. [PMID: 34268868 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Previous reviews and clinical guidelines have identified 10-20 genetic syndromes associated with diabetes, but no systematic review has been conducted to date. We provide the first comprehensive catalog for syndromes with diabetes mellitus. We conducted a systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, PubMed, OMIM, and Orphanet databases for case reports, case series, and observational studies published between 1946 and January 15, 2020, that described diabetes mellitus in adults and children with monogenic or chromosomal syndromes. Our literature search identified 7,122 studies, of which 160 fulfilled inclusion criteria. Our analysis of these studies found 69 distinct diabetes syndromes. Thirty (43.5%) syndromes included diabetes mellitus as a cardinal clinical feature, and 56 (81.2%) were fully genetically elucidated. Sixty-three syndromes (91.3%) were described more than once in independent case reports, of which 59 (93.7%) demonstrated clinical heterogeneity. Syndromes associated with diabetes mellitus are more numerous and diverse than previously anticipated. While knowledge of the syndromes is limited by their low prevalence, future reviews will be needed as more cases are identified. The genetic etiologies of these syndromes are well elucidated and provide potential avenues for future gene identification efforts, aid in diagnosis and management, gene therapy research, and developing personalized medicine treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Shi
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mehras Motamed
- Faculty of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aurora Mejía-Benítez
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leon Li
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ethan Lin
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dalton Budhram
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuvreet Kaur
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Nutrition, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France.,Faculty of Medicine of Nancy INSERM UMR_S 1256, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
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18
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Lind NA, Rael VE, Pestal K, Liu B, Barton GM. Regulation of the nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 22:224-235. [PMID: 34272507 PMCID: PMC8283745 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many of the ligands for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are unique to microorganisms, such that receptor activation unequivocally indicates the presence of something foreign. However, a subset of TLRs recognizes nucleic acids, which are present in both the host and foreign microorganisms. This specificity enables broad recognition by virtue of the ubiquity of nucleic acids but also introduces the possibility of self-recognition and autoinflammatory or autoimmune disease. Defining the regulatory mechanisms required to ensure proper discrimination between foreign and self-nucleic acids by TLRs is an area of intense research. Progress over the past decade has revealed a complex array of regulatory mechanisms that ensure maintenance of this delicate balance. These regulatory mechanisms can be divided into a conceptual framework with four categories: compartmentalization, ligand availability, receptor expression and signal transduction. In this Review, we discuss our current understanding of each of these layers of regulation. Activation of nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors is finely tuned to limit self-reactivity while maintaining recognition of foreign microorganisms. The authors describe recent progress made in defining the regulatory mechanisms that facilitate this delicate balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Lind
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Victoria E Rael
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen Pestal
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Bo Liu
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gregory M Barton
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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19
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Abstract
Nucleosides play central roles in all facets of life, from metabolism to cellular signaling. Because of their physiochemical properties, nucleosides are lipid bilayer impermeable and thus rely on dedicated transport systems to cross biological membranes. In humans, two unrelated protein families mediate nucleoside membrane transport: the concentrative and equilibrative nucleoside transporter families. The objective of this review is to provide a broad outlook on the current status of nucleoside transport research. We will discuss the role played by nucleoside transporters in human health and disease, with emphasis placed on recent structural advancements that have revealed detailed molecular principles of these important cellular transport systems and exploitable pharmacological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Wright
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, 303 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, 303 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
- Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to: S.-Y. Lee., , tel: 919-684-1005, fax: 919-684-8885
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20
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Mori KS, Balachandran K, Asirvatham AR, Mahadevan S. 'H-syndrome': a multisystem genetic disorder with cutaneous clues. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/5/e238973. [PMID: 33947670 PMCID: PMC8098951 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-238973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of a 25-year-old man who came to our Endocrine Clinic for evaluation of short stature. He had a history of sensorineural hearing loss, hypertrichosis and hyperpigmentation with the thickening of the skin below the hip, gynecomastia and autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. Investigations showed that he had hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. His phenotype was consistent with that of a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis of 'H-syndrome'. The diagnosis was confirmed by genetic analysis using next-generation sequencing which showed a homozygous mutation in the SLC29A3 gene (variant: c.1330G>T (p.Glu444Ter)) which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. This is a rare syndrome with around 100 cases reported in world literature. Though the skin manifestations are pathognomonic of the H-syndrome, it has myriad presentations like short stature, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, dyslipidaemia, cardiac anomalies and sensorineural hearing loss. We report this case to highlight the constellation of features of this rare syndrome and bring awareness among the physicians to be vigilant about this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Shantilal Mori
- Department of Endocrinology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthik Balachandran
- Department of Endocrinology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Adyne Reena Asirvatham
- Department of Endocrinology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shriraam Mahadevan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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21
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Thewjitcharoen Y, Wanothayaroj E, Krittiyawong S, Nakasatien S, Tsoi TF, Lim CKP, Chan JCN, Himathongkam T. Phenotypic and Genetic Heterogeneity in a Thai Glucokinase MODY Family Reveals the Complexity of Young-Onset Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:690343. [PMID: 34630320 PMCID: PMC8498575 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.690343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucokinase-Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (GCK-MODY) is characterized by asymptomatic, non-progressive and fasting hyperglycemia, albeit not without phenotypic variability. We used next generation sequencing (NGS) to screen for 34 MODY genes in a non-obese person with familial young-onset diabetes followed by screening in 24 family members within three generations with varying presentations of young-onset diabetes and sensorineural hearing loss. The index patient was found to carry a paternally-inherited heterozygous missense variant (c.716 A>G) of GCK in exon 7 with amino acid change (Q239R). This variant was associated with phenotypic heterogeneity ranging from normal glucose tolerance to diabetes with complications amongst the siblings which might be modified by obesity and chronic hepatitis B infection. Two paternally-inherited variants of SLC29A3 encoding a nucleoside transporter protein and Apo-A1 genes also co-segregated with glucose and lipid traits. Co-occurrence of diabetes and deafness in maternal aunts led to discovery of WFS1 (Wolfram syndrome type 1) as a cause of non-syndromic deafness in multiple members of the maternal pedigree. Our findings highlight the complex causes of familial young-onset diabetes and the need of a multidisciplinary approach to interpret the clinical relevance of discoveries made by NGS in this era of genomic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotsapon Thewjitcharoen
- Diabetes and Thyroid Center, Theptarin Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Yotsapon Thewjitcharoen,
| | | | | | | | - Tsz Fung Tsoi
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Cadmon K. P. Lim
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Juliana C. N. Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR China
- Asia Diabetes Foundation, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR China
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22
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Parodi A, Cozzani E. H Syndrome retrospectively diagnosed: The importance of recognizing cutaneous signs. Clin Case Rep 2020; 8:2046-2048. [PMID: 33088548 PMCID: PMC7562838 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of a retrospectively diagnosed H syndrome in a man who died of a probable heart infarction. We highlight the importance of recognizing cutaneous hallmarks of this syndrome for better clinical management and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Parodi
- DiSSal Section of Dermatology San Martino Polyclinic Hospital University of Genoa Genoa Italy
| | - Emanuele Cozzani
- DiSSal Section of Dermatology San Martino Polyclinic Hospital University of Genoa Genoa Italy
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23
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Simsek E, Simsek T, Eren M, Yilmaz E, Arik D, Cilingir O, Ceylaner S, Harmancı K. Clinical, Histochemical, and Molecular Study of Three Turkish Siblings Diagnosed with H Syndrome, and Literature Review. Horm Res Paediatr 2020; 91:346-355. [PMID: 30625464 DOI: 10.1159/000495190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The term "H syndrome" was coined to denote the major clinical findings, which include hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, hearing loss, hepatosplenomegaly, hyperglycaemia, hypogonadism, hallux flexion contractures, and short height. OBJECTIVE To report the clinical, endocrinological, histochemical, and genetic findings of three siblings. METHODS Skin and liver biopsies were taken to investigate the histochemical characteristics of hyperpigmented hypertrichotic skin lesions and massive hepatomegaly. The levels of basal serum thyroid hormones, oestradiol, total testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, and stimulated growth hormone (GH) were measured to investigate the endocrine aspects of the syndrome. Mutation analysis was carried out in all six exons and exon-intron boundaries of SLC29A3 by direct sequencing. RESULTS Physical examination of the patients revealed common charac-teristic findings of H syndrome. Additional clinical findings were sectorial iris atrophy in the younger sister. Laboratory evaluation revealed microcytic anaemia, markedly increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein levels, and humoral immune deficiency in the younger siblings, who presented with recurrent fever and sinopulmonary infection. Two different GH stimulation tests revealed GH deficiency in the younger sister with short stature. Liver and skin biopsies revealed polyclonal lymphohistiocytic and plasma cell infiltration. Sequencing of SLC29A3 in the three siblings revealed a novel homozygous mutation in exon 6, which caused the transition of arginine to tryptophan. CONCLUSION This study not only extended the clinical and mutation spectrum of SLC29A3 in H syndrome, but also showed that short children should be assessed according to the guidelines for short stature in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enver Simsek
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey,
| | - Tulay Simsek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Makbule Eren
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Evrim Yilmaz
- Department of Pathology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Deniz Arik
- Department of Pathology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Oguz Cilingir
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | | | - Koray Harmancı
- Department of Paediatric Allergy and Immunology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Pavithran P, Bhadran K, Ramakrishna M, Bhavani N. H syndrome presenting as juvenile diabetes: an underdiagnosed entity. JOURNAL OF DIABETOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jod.jod_3_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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25
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Wei CW, Lee CY, Lee DJ, Chu CF, Wang JC, Wang TC, Jane WN, Chang ZF, Leu CM, Dzhagalov IL, Hsu CL. Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 3 Regulates T Cell Homeostasis by Coordinating Lysosomal Function with Nucleoside Availability. Cell Rep 2019; 23:2330-2341. [PMID: 29791845 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are a versatile immune cell population responding to challenges by differentiation and proliferation followed by contraction and memory formation. Dynamic metabolic reprogramming is essential for T cells to meet the biosynthetic needs and the reutilization of biomolecules, processes that require active participation of metabolite transporters. Here, we show that equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3 (ENT3) is highly expressed in peripheral T cells and has a key role in maintaining T cell homeostasis by supporting the proliferation and survival of T cells. ENT3 deficiency leads to an enlarged and disturbed lysosomal compartment, resulting in accumulation of surplus mitochondria, elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and DNA damage in T cells. Our results identify ENT3 as a vital metabolite transporter that supports T cell homeostasis and activation by regulating lysosomal integrity and the availability of nucleosides. Moreover, we uncovered that T cell lysosomes are an important source of salvaged metabolites for survival and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Wen Wei
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Lee
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Jin Lee
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Feng Chu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Chu Wang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Chiao Wang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wann-Neng Jane
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Zee-Fen Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Miin Leu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ivan L Dzhagalov
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Hsu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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26
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Ushijima K, Narumi S, Ogata T, Yokota I, Sugihara S, Kaname T, Horikawa Y, Matsubara Y, Fukami M, Kawamura T. KLF11 variant in a family clinically diagnosed with early childhood-onset type 1B diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2019; 20:712-719. [PMID: 31124255 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
KLF11 is the causative gene for maturity-onset diabetes of the young 7 (MODY7). KLF11 regulates insulin gene expression through binding to the GC box in the promoter. To date, only two KLF11 mutations have been identified in three families with early-onset type 2 diabetes. Here, we report a novel KLF11 variant associated with early childhood-onset type 1B diabetes. The proband and his younger sister exhibited hyperglycemia at age 1 year, and their mother developed diabetes at age 4 years. These three individuals required insulin injection from the initial phase of the disease. Being negative for islet cell autoantibodies, they were diagnosed with type 1B diabetes. Mutation screening for 30 diabetes-associated genes identified a heterozygous KLF11 variant (p.His418Gln) in the proband and his sister. The variant was also detected in the affected mother, as well as in the allegedly unaffected maternal grandmother. In silico analyses indicated that this variant involves a highly conserved histidine residue in the first C2 H2 zinc finger domain which ligates a zinc ion. In vitro analyses showed that expression levels and intracellular localization of His418Gln-KLF11 were comparable to those of wildtype (WT)-KLF11. Luciferase assays demonstrated that while WT-KLF11 suppressed the activity of a 6 × GC box-containing reporter, His418Gln-KLF11 lacked the suppressive effect. Notably, His418Gln-KLF11 canceled the suppressive effect of co-transfected WT-KLF11. Such a dominant-negative effect was absent in the previously reported Ala347Ser-KLF11 variant. These results indicate that specific variants of KLF11 (MODY7) with a dominant-negative effect underlie early childhood-onset type 1B diabetes with incomplete penetrance. This study documents a novel monogenic mutation associated with diabetes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kikumi Ushijima
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Narumi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yokota
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shikoku Medical Center for Children and Adults, Zentsuji, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Sugihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kaname
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Horikawa
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoichi Matsubara
- National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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27
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De Franco E. From Biology to Genes and Back Again: Gene Discovery for Monogenic Forms of Beta-Cell Dysfunction in Diabetes. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:1535-1550. [PMID: 31479665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on gene discovery strategies used to identify monogenic forms of diabetes caused by reduced pancreatic beta-cell number (due to destruction or defective development) or impaired beta-cell function. Gene discovery efforts in monogenic diabetes have identified 36 genes so far. These genetic causes have been identified using four main approaches: linkage analysis, candidate gene sequencing and most recently, exome and genome sequencing. The advent of next-generation sequencing has allowed researchers to move away from linkage analysis (relying on large pedigrees and/or multiple families with the same genetic condition) and candidate gene (relying on previous knowledge on the gene's role) strategies to use a gene agnostic approach, utilizing genetic evidence (such as variant frequency, predicted variant effect on protein function, and predicted mode of inheritance) to identify the causative mutation. This approach led to the identification of seven novel genetic causes of monogenic diabetes, six by exome sequencing and one by genome sequencing. In many of these cases, the disease-causing gene was not known to be important for beta-cell function prior to the gene discovery study. These novel findings highlight a new role for gene discovery studies in furthering our understanding of beta-cell function and dysfunction in diabetes. While many gene discovery studies in the past were led by knowledge in the field (through the candidate gene strategy), now they often lead the scientific advances in the field by identifying new important biological players to be further characterized by in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa De Franco
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, EX2 5DW Exeter, UK; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Level 3, RILD Building, Barrack Road, EX2 5DW Exeter, United Kingdom.
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28
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Noavar S, Behroozi S, Tatarcheh T, Parvini F, Foroutan M, Fahimi H. A novel homozygous frame-shift mutation in the SLC29A3 gene: a new case report and review of literature. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:147. [PMID: 31464584 PMCID: PMC6716938 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The SLC29A3 gene, encoding a nucleoside transporter protein, is found in intracellular membranes. Based on the literatures, mutations in this gene cause a wide range of clinical manifestations including H syndrome, pigmented hypertrichosis with insulin dependent diabetes, Faisalabad histiocytosis, and dysosteosclerosis. However, all these disorders with their different names and terminologies are actually the same entity termed H syndrome. Case presentation We report four GJB2 and GJB6 negative deaf patients from two Iranian related families who present the associated symptoms of SLC29A3-disorder. Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) using Next Generation Illumina Sequencing was used to enrich all exons of protein-coding genes as well as some other important genomic regions in one of studied patients. A novel homozygous frame-shift mutation c.307-308delTT (p.Phe103fs) in exon 3 of SLC29A3 gene was identified in a 35 years old man with profound hearing loss, camptodactyly, rheumatoid arthritis and delayed puberty without any skin changes, short stature and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. The mutation found was also confirmed by Sanger sequencing in other studied patients and their healthy parents. In compared to proband, however the clinical manifestations of these patients were different, indicating variable expressivity of mutant SLC29A3 gene as well as possible involvement of other modifier genes. Conclusion The present study uncovered a rare novel homozygous frame-shift mutation c.307-308delTT in SLC29A3 gene of four related patients with various manifestation of SLC29A3-disorder. Such studies can help to conduct genetic counseling and subsequently, prenatal diagnosis more accurately for individuals at the high risk of these types of genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Noavar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Behroozi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taraneh Tatarcheh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Parvini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, 35131-19111, Iran.
| | - Majid Foroutan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hossein Fahimi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1916893813, Iran.
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29
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Nair S, Strohecker AM, Persaud AK, Bissa B, Muruganandan S, McElroy C, Pathak R, Williams M, Raj R, Kaddoumi A, Sparreboom A, Beedle AM, Govindarajan R. Adult stem cell deficits drive Slc29a3 disorders in mice. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2943. [PMID: 31270333 PMCID: PMC6610100 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations exclusively in equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3 (ENT3), the only intracellular nucleoside transporter within the solute carrier 29 (SLC29) gene family, cause an expanding spectrum of human genetic disorders (e.g., H syndrome, PHID syndrome, and SHML/RDD syndrome). Here, we identify adult stem cell deficits that drive ENT3-related abnormalities in mice. ENT3 deficiency alters hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cell fates; the former leads to stem cell exhaustion, and the latter leads to breaches of mesodermal tissue integrity. The molecular pathogenesis stems from the loss of lysosomal adenosine transport, which impedes autophagy-regulated stem cell differentiation programs via misregulation of the AMPK-mTOR-ULK axis. Furthermore, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and bioenergetics studies identify defects in fatty acid utilization, and alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetics can additionally propel stem cell deficits. Genetic, pharmacologic and stem cell interventions ameliorate ENT3-disease pathologies and extend the lifespan of ENT3-deficient mice. These findings delineate a primary pathogenic basis for the development of ENT3 spectrum disorders and offer critical mechanistic insights into treating human ENT3-related disorders. Mutations in equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3 (ENT3), encoded by SLC29A3, cause a spectrum of human genetic disorders. Here, the authors show altered haematopoietic stem cell and mesenchymal stem cell fates in ENT3-deficient mice, due to misregulation of the AMPK-mTOR-ULK axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenath Nair
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Anne M Strohecker
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Molecular Biology and Cancer Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Avinash K Persaud
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Bhawana Bissa
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shanmugam Muruganandan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Craig McElroy
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Rakesh Pathak
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Michelle Williams
- Department of Radiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Radhika Raj
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Amal Kaddoumi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Alex Sparreboom
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Aaron M Beedle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Rajgopal Govindarajan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Translational Therapeutics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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30
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Riachi M, Bas F, Darendeliler F, Hussain K. A novel 3' untranslated region mutation in the SLC29A3 gene associated with pigmentary hypertrichosis and non-autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus syndrome. Pediatr Diabetes 2019; 20:474-481. [PMID: 30821020 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pigmentary hypertrichosis and non-autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (PHID) is one of the rare H syndrome diseases mainly characterized by hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, sensorineural hearing loss, cardiac complications, developmental delay, and diabetes mellitus (DM). Mutations in the coding regions of the SLC29A3 gene that encodes for an equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT3) have been reported to cause the phenotypic spectrum of the H syndrome. Disease-causing mutations in the untranslated regions (UTRs) of the SLC29A3 gene have not been previously described in the literature. The aim of the study is to describe and assess the pathogenicity of a novel 3'UTR mutation in the SLC29A3 gene associated with the PHID phenotype in two Turkish patients. METHODS The mutation was identified by a targeted gene approach. To understand the pathogenicity of this 3'UTR mutation, RNA and protein expression studies were performed by using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method and western blotting, respectively, using fibroblasts cultured from the patients' skin biopsies. RESULTS SLC29A3 and ENT3 expression levels were both decreased in the patients compared to controls matched for passage numbers, RNA, and protein extraction methods. CONCLUSIONS A novel 3'UTR mutation in the SLC29A3 gene is associated with the PHID syndrome, highlighting a potentially new pathological mechanism for this disease. The involvement of the 3'UTR has not been previously established in any of the H syndrome disease cluster or in any complex syndrome of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Riachi
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Firdevs Bas
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feyza Darendeliler
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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31
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Identification of a novel homozygous frameshift mutation in SLC29A3 gene in a case with H syndrome from Iran. Curr Res Transl Med 2019; 67:72-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Ozlu C, Yesiltepe Mutlu G, Hatun S. A Turkish girl with H syndrome: stunted growth and development of autoimmune insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in the 6th year of diagnosis. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 32:89-93. [PMID: 30517079 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background H syndrome ([OMIM] 602782) is an autosomal recessive disorder with systemic manifestations and characteristic skin lesions, caused by mutations of the SLC29A3 gene. Short stature and diabetes mellitus are the major endocrine problems related to H syndrome, however, clear data from clinical follow-up of H syndrome patients is lacking in the literature. Case presentation Here, we present follow-up of a Turkish girl diagnosed with H syndrome at the age of 10 with a homozygous 310(c.933T>A, p.C310X) early stop codon mutation on exon 6 of the SLC29A3 gene. She had severe short stature non-responsive to growth hormone (GH) treatment and gluten-free diet despite low GH levels and celiac antibody positivity. She developed insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) symptoms 6 years after the initial diagnosis. Conclusions H syndrome patients can develop IDDM years after characteristic symptoms. Short stature in H syndrome patients may not respond to GH replacement or gluten-free diet alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Ozlu
- Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gul Yesiltepe Mutlu
- Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey.,Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Koc University Hospital, Davutpasa Street No 4, Zeytinburnu 34010, Turkey, Phone: +905057235725
| | - Sukru Hatun
- Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Koc University Hospital, Zeytinburnu, Turkey
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33
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Deficiency of perforin and hCNT1, a novel inborn error of pyrimidine metabolism, associated with a rapidly developing lethal phenotype due to multi-organ failure. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1182-1191. [PMID: 30658162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pyrimidine nucleotides are essential for a vast number of cellular processes and dysregulation of pyrimidine metabolism has been associated with a variety of clinical abnormalities. Inborn errors of pyrimidine metabolism affecting enzymes in the pyrimidine de novo and degradation pathway have been identified but no patients have been described with a deficiency in proteins affecting the cellular import of ribonucleosides. In this manuscript, we report the elucidation of the genetic basis of the observed uridine-cytidineuria in a patient presenting with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, persistent lactate acidosis, severely disturbed liver enzymes and ultimately multi-organ failure. Sequence analysis of genes encoding proteins directly involved in the metabolism of uridine and cytidine showed two variants c.1528C > T (p.R510C) and c.1682G > A (p.R561Q) in SLC28A1, encoding concentrative nucleotide transporter 1 (hCNT1). Functional analysis showed that these variants affected the three-dimensional structure of hCNT1, altered glycosylation and decreased the half-life of the mutant proteins which resulted in impaired transport activity. Co-transfection of both variants, mimicking the trans disposition of c.1528C > T (p.R510C) and c.1682G > A (p.R561Q) in the patient, significantly impaired hCNT1 biological function. Whole genome sequencing identified two pathogenic variants c.50delT; p.(Leu17Argfs*34) and c.853_855del; p.(Lys285del) in the PRF1 gene, indicating that our patient was also suffering from Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis type 2. The identification of two co-existing monogenic defects might have resulted in a blended phenotype. Thus, the clinical presentation of isolated hCNT1 deficiency remains to be established.
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34
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Wang Y, Moussian B, Schaeffeler E, Schwab M, Nies AT. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as an innovative preclinical ADME model for solute carrier membrane transporters, with consequences for pharmacology and drug therapy. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1746-1760. [PMID: 29890226 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Solute carrier membrane transporters (SLCs) control cell exposure to small-molecule drugs, thereby contributing to drug efficacy and failure and/or adverse effects. Moreover, SLCs are genetically linked to various diseases. Hence, in-depth knowledge of SLC function is fundamental for a better understanding of disease pathophysiology and the drug development process. Given that the model organism Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) expresses SLCs, such as for the excretion of endogenous and toxic compounds by the hindgut and Malpighian tubules, equivalent to human intestine and kidney, this system appears to be a promising preclinical model to use to study human SLCs. Here, we systematically compare current knowledge of SLCs in Drosophila and humans and describe the Drosophila model as an innovative tool for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Wang
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; Animal Genetics, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernard Moussian
- Animal Genetics, University of Tübingen, Germany; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice, France; Applied Zoology, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Anne T Nies
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Jaouadi H, Zaouak A, Sellami K, Messaoud O, Chargui M, Hammami H, Jones M, Jouini R, Chadli Debbiche A, Chraiet K, Fenniche S, Mrad R, Mokni M, Turki H, Benkhalifa R, Abdelhak S. H syndrome: Clinical, histological and genetic investigation in Tunisian patients. J Dermatol 2018; 45:978-985. [PMID: 29808591 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
H syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with characteristic dermatological findings consisting of hyperpigmentation and hypertrichosis patches mainly located on the inner thighs and multisystemic involvement including hepatosplenomegaly, hearing loss, heart abnormalities and hypogonadism. The aim of this study was to conduct a clinical and genetic investigation in five unrelated Tunisian patients with suspected H syndrome. Hence, genetic analysis of the SLC29A3 gene was performed for four patients with a clinical diagnosis of H syndrome. We identified a novel frame-shift mutation in the SLC29A3 gene in a female patient with a severe clinical presentation. Furthermore, we report two mutations previously described, the p.R363Q mutation in a male patient and the p.P324L mutation in two patients of different age and sex. This paper extends the mutation spectrum of H syndrome by reporting a novel frame-shift mutation, the p.S15Pfs*86 in exon 2 of SLC29A3 gene and emphasizes the relevance of genetic testing for its considerable implications in early diagnosis and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hager Jaouadi
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory LR16IPT05, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anissa Zaouak
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory LR16IPT05, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Dermatology, Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khadija Sellami
- Department of Dermatology, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Messaoud
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory LR16IPT05, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Chargui
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory LR16IPT05, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Houda Hammami
- Department of Dermatology, Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meriem Jones
- Department of Dermatology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raja Jouini
- Department of Pathology, Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Karima Chraiet
- Department of Pediatrics, Mohamed Tahar Maamouri Hospital, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Sami Fenniche
- Department of Dermatology, Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Mrad
- Department of Congenital and Hereditary Diseases, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mourad Mokni
- Department of Dermatology, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hamida Turki
- Department of Dermatology, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rym Benkhalifa
- Venoms and Therapeutic Biomolecules Laboratory LR16IPT08, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Abdelhak
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory LR16IPT05, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
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36
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Rahman MF, Raj R, Govindarajan R. Identification of Structural and Molecular Features Involved in the Transport of 3'-Deoxy-Nucleoside Analogs by Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 3. Drug Metab Dispos 2018. [PMID: 29530865 PMCID: PMC5896370 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.079400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination antiretroviral drug treatments depend on 3′-deoxy-nucleoside analogs such as 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT) and 2′3′-dideoxyinosine (DDI). Despite being effective in inhibiting human immunodeficiency virus replication, these drugs produce a range of toxicities, including myopathy, pancreatitis, neuropathy, and lactic acidosis, that are generally considered as sequelae to mitochondrial damage. Although cell surface–localized nucleoside transporters, such as human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (hENT2) and human concentrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hCNT1), are known to increase the carrier-mediated uptake of 3′-deoxy-nucleoside analogs into cells, another ubiquitously expressed intracellular nucleoside transporter (namely, hENT3) has been implicated in the mitochondrial transport of 3′-deoxy-nucleoside analogs. Using site-directed mutagenesis, generation of chimeric hENTs, and 3H-permeant flux measurements in mutant/chimeric RNA–injected Xenopus oocytes, here we identified the molecular determinants of hENT3 that dictate membrane translocation of 3′-deoxy-nucleoside analogs. Our findings demonstrated that whereas hENT1 had no significant transport activity toward 3′-deoxy-nucleoside analogs, hENT3 was capable of transporting 3′-deoxy-nucleoside analogs similar to hENT2. Transport analyses of hENT3-hENT1 chimeric constructs demonstrated that the N-terminal half of hENT3 is primarily responsible for the hENT3–3′-deoxy-nucleoside analog interaction. In addition, mutagenic studies identified that 225D and 231L in the N-terminal half of hENT3 partially contribute to the ability of hENT3 to transport AZT and DDI. The identification of the transporter segment and amino acid residues that are important in hENT3 transport of 3′-deoxy-nucleoside analogs may present a possible mechanism for overcoming the adverse toxicities associated with 3′-deoxy-nucleoside analog treatment and may guide rational development of novel nucleoside analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Fazlur Rahman
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (M.F.R., R.R., R.G.) and Translational Therapeutics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center (R.G.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Radhika Raj
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (M.F.R., R.R., R.G.) and Translational Therapeutics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center (R.G.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rajgopal Govindarajan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (M.F.R., R.R., R.G.) and Translational Therapeutics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center (R.G.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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37
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Ushijima K, Fukami M, Ayabe T, Narumi S, Okuno M, Nakamura A, Takahashi T, Ihara K, Ohkubo K, Tachikawa E, Nakayama S, Arai J, Kikuchi N, Kikuchi T, Kawamura T, Urakami T, Hata K, Nakabayashi K, Matsubara Y, Amemiya S, Ogata T, Yokota I, Sugihara S. Comprehensive screening for monogenic diabetes in 89 Japanese children with insulin-requiring antibody-negative type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:243-250. [PMID: 28597946 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in causative genes for neonatal diabetes or maturity-onset diabetes of the young have been identified in multiple patients with autoantibody-negative type 1 diabetes (T1D). OBJECTIVES We aimed to clarify the prevalence and phenotypic characteristics of monogenic abnormalities among 89 children with autoantibody-negative insulin-requiring T1D. METHODS Mutations in 30 genes were screened using next-generation sequencing, and copy-number alterations of 4 major causative genes were examined using multiplex-ligation-dependent probe amplification. We compared the clinical characteristics between mutation carriers and non-carriers. RESULTS We identified 11 probable pathogenic substitutions (6 in INS , 2 in HNF1A , 2 in HNF4A , and 1 in HNF1B ) in 11 cases, but no copy-number abnormalities. Only 2 mutation carriers had affected parents. De novo occurrence was confirmed for 3 mutations. The non-carrier group, but not the carrier group, was enriched with susceptible HLA alleles. Mutation carriers exhibited comparable phenotypes to those of non-carriers, except for a relatively normal body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated significant genetic overlap between autoantibody-negative T1D and monogenic diabetes. Mutations in INS and HNF genes, but not those in GCK and other monogenic diabetes genes, likely play critical roles in children with insulin-requiring T1D. This study also suggests the relatively high de novo rates of INS and HNF mutations, and the etiological link between autoimmune abnormalities and T1D in the non-carrier group. Carriers of monogenic mutations show non-specific phenotypes among all T1D cases, although they are more likely to have a normal BMI at diagnosis than non-carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kikumi Ushijima
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Ayabe
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Sanaikai General Hospital, Misato, Japan
| | - Satoshi Narumi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misako Okuno
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akie Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Ihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Oita University School of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ohkubo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyushu University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Emiko Tachikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Nakayama
- Department of Pediatrics, Mominoki Hospital, Kochi, Japan
| | - Junichi Arai
- Department of Pediatrics, Hosogi Hospital, Kochi, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kikuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toru Kikuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University Faculty of Medicine, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Urakami
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Matsubara
- Institute Director, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Amemiya
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University Faculty of Medicine, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yokota
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shikoku Medical Center for Children and Adults, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Sugihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
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Rafiq NK, Hussain K, Brogan PA. Tocilizumab for the Treatment of SLC29A3 Mutation Positive PHID Syndrome. Pediatrics 2017; 140:peds.2016-3148. [PMID: 29079714 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-3148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigmentary hypertrichosis and non-autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (PHID) is associated with recessive mutations in SLC29A3, encoding the equilibrative nucleoside transporter hENT3 expressed in mitochondria, causing PHID and H syndromes, familial Rosai-Dorfman disease, and histiocytosis-lymphadenopathy-plus syndrome. Autoinflammation is increasingly recognized in these syndromes. We previously reported a 16-year-old girl with PHID syndrome associated with severe autoinflammation that was recalcitrant to interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α blockade. Tocilizumab is a humanized, monoclonal, anti-human interleukin-6 receptor antibody routinely used to treat arthritis in children and adults. Herein we report the first case of successful treatment of PHID syndrome using tocilizumab. Before commencing tocilizumab, there was evidence of significant systemic inflammation, and progressive sclerodermatous changes (physician global assessment [PGA] 7/10). Twelve weeks after starting tocilizumab (8 mg/kg every 2 weeks, intravenously) systemic inflammatory symptoms improved, and acute phase response markers normalized; serum amyloid A reduced from 178 to 8.4 mg/L. After a dose increase to 12 mg/kg every 2 weeks her energy levels, appetite, fevers, and night sweats further improved. Less skin tightness (PGA 5/10) was documented 12 months later. This excellent clinical and serological response was sustained over 48 months, and cutaneous sclerosis had improved further (PGA 3/10). Her height remained well below the 0.4th centile, and tocilizumab also had no impact on her diabetes or exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Although the mechanism of autoinflammation of PHID remains uncertain, we suggest that tocilizumab should be the first choice when considering treatment of the autoinflammatory or cutaneous manifestations of this genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia K Rafiq
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, and
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Molecular Genetics Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Brogan
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, and
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39
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Bloom JL, Lin C, Imundo L, Guthery S, Stepenaskie S, Galambos C, Lowichik A, Bohnsack JF. H syndrome: 5 new cases from the United States with novel features and responses to therapy. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2017; 15:76. [PMID: 29041934 PMCID: PMC5645937 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-017-0204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND H Syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cutaneous hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, and induration with numerous systemic manifestations. The syndrome is caused by mutations in SLC29A3, a gene located on chromosome 10q23, which encodes the human equilibrative transporter 3 (hENT3). Less than 100 patients with H syndrome have been described in the literature, with the majority being of Arab descent, and only a few from North America. CASE PRESENTATION Here we report five pediatric patients from three medical centers in the United States who were identified to have H syndrome by whole exome sequencing. These five patients, all of whom presented to pediatric rheumatologists prior to diagnosis, include two of Northern European descent, bringing the total number of Caucasian patients described to three. The patients share many of the characteristics previously reported with H syndrome, including hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, short stature, insulin-dependent diabetes, arthritis and systemic inflammation, as well as some novel features, including selective IgG subclass deficiency and autoimmune hepatitis. They share genetic mutations previously described in patients of the same ethnic background, as well as a novel mutation. In two patients, treatment with prednisone improved inflammation, however both patients flared once prednisone was tapered. In one of these patients, treatment with tocilizumab alone resulted in marked improvement in systemic inflammation and growth. The other had partial response to prednisone, azathioprine, and TNF inhibition; thus, his anti-TNF biologic was recently switched to tocilizumab due to persistent polyarthritis. Another patient improved on Methotrexate, with further improvement after the addition of tocilizumab. CONCLUSION H syndrome is a rare autoinflammatory syndrome with pleiotropic manifestations that affect multiple organ systems and is often mistaken for other conditions. Rheumatologists should be aware of this syndrome and its association with arthritis. It should be considered in patients with short stature and systemic inflammation, particularly with cutaneous findings. Some patients respond to treatment with biologics alone or in combination with other immune suppressants; in particular, treatment of systemic inflammation with IL-6 blockade appears to be promising. Overall, better identification and understanding of the pathophysiology may help devise earlier diagnosis and better treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Bloom
- 0000 0001 0703 675Xgrid.430503.1Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Clara Lin
- 0000 0001 0703 675Xgrid.430503.1Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Lisa Imundo
- 0000000419368729grid.21729.3fDepartment of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Stephen Guthery
- 0000 0001 2193 0096grid.223827.eDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84113 USA
| | - Shelly Stepenaskie
- 0000 0001 2188 8502grid.266832.bDepartment of Pathology and Dermatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA
| | - Csaba Galambos
- 0000 0001 0703 675Xgrid.430503.1Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Amy Lowichik
- 0000 0001 2193 0096grid.223827.eDepartment of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84113 USA
| | - John F. Bohnsack
- 0000 0001 2193 0096grid.223827.eDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84113 USA
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40
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Rahman MF, Askwith C, Govindarajan R. Molecular determinants of acidic pH-dependent transport of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14775-14785. [PMID: 28729424 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.787952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) translocate hydrophilic nucleosides across cellular membranes and are essential for salvage nucleotide synthesis and purinergic signaling. Unlike the prototypic human ENT members hENT1 and hENT2, which mediate plasma membrane nucleoside transport at pH 7.4, hENT3 is an acidic pH-activated lysosomal transporter partially localized to mitochondria. Recent studies demonstrate that hENT3 is indispensable for lysosomal homeostasis, and that mutations in hENT3 can result in a spectrum of lysosomal storage-like disorders. However, despite hENT3's prominent role in lysosome pathophysiology, the molecular basis of hENT3-mediated transport is unknown. Therefore, we sought to examine the mechanistic basis of acidic pH-driven hENT3 nucleoside transport with site-directed mutagenesis, homology modeling, and [3H]adenosine flux measurements in mutant RNA-injected Xenopus oocytes. Scanning mutagenesis of putative residues responsible for pH-dependent transport via hENT3 revealed that the ionization states of Asp-219 and Glu-447, and not His, strongly determined the pH-dependent transport permissible-impermissible states of the transporter. Except for substitution with certain isosteric and polar residues, substitution of either Asp-219 or Glu-447 with any other residues resulted in robust activity that was pH-independent. Dual substitution of Asp-219 and Glu-447 to Ala sustained pH-independent activity over a broad range of physiological pH (pH 5.5-7.4), which also maintained stringent substrate selectivity toward endogenous nucleosides and clinically used nucleoside drugs. Our results suggest a putative pH-sensing role for Asp-219 and Glu-447 in hENT3 and that the size, ionization state, or electronegative polarity at these positions is crucial for obligate acidic pH-dependent activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Fazlur Rahman
- From the Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy
| | | | - Rajgopal Govindarajan
- From the Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, .,the Translational Therapeutics Program, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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41
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Fujiwara Y, Wada K, Kabuta T. Lysosomal degradation of intracellular nucleic acids-multiple autophagic pathways. J Biochem 2017; 161:145-154. [PMID: 28039390 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvw085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell metabolism can be considered as a process of serial construction and destruction of cellular components, both of which must be regulated accurately. In eukaryotic cells, a variety of cellular components are actively delivered into lysosomes/vacuoles, specialized compartments for hydrolysis of macromolecules. Such processes of 'self-eating' are called autophagy. Despite a wide variety of lysosomal/vacuolar hydrolases, much of the interest has been focused on the proteolytic functions of autophagy and less attention has been devoted to the degradation of other macromolecules such as nucleic acids. In this review, we focus on delivery and degradation of endogenous nucleic acids by autophagic systems, and discuss their molecular mechanisms and physiological/pathophysiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Fujiwara
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Wada
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kabuta
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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42
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Boswell-Casteel RC, Hays FA. Equilibrative nucleoside transporters-A review. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 36:7-30. [PMID: 27759477 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2016.1210805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) are polytopic integral membrane proteins that mediate the transport of nucleosides, nucleobases, and therapeutic analogs. The best-characterized ENTs are the human transporters hENT1 and hENT2. However, non-mammalian eukaryotic ENTs have also been studied (e.g., yeast, parasitic protozoa). ENTs are major pharmaceutical targets responsible for modulating the efficacy of more than 30 approved drugs. However, the molecular mechanisms and chemical determinants of ENT-mediated substrate recognition, binding, inhibition, and transport are poorly understood. This review highlights findings on the characterization of ENTs by surveying studies on genetics, permeant and inhibitor interactions, mutagenesis, and structural models of ENT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebba C Boswell-Casteel
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Franklin A Hays
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA.,b Stephenson Cancer Center , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA.,c Harold Hamm Diabetes Center , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
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43
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Boddicker RL, Koltes JE, Fritz‐Waters ER, Koesterke L, Weeks N, Yin T, Mani V, Nettleton D, Reecy JM, Baumgard LH, Spencer JD, Gabler NK, Ross JW. Genome‐wide methylation profile following prenatal and postnatal dietary omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation in pigs. Anim Genet 2016; 47:658-671. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. L. Boddicker
- Department of Animal Science Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - J. E. Koltes
- Department of Animal Science Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | | | - L. Koesterke
- Texas Advanced Computing Center University of Texas Austin TX 78758‐4497 USA
| | - N. Weeks
- Department of Mathematics Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - T. Yin
- Department of Statistics Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - V. Mani
- Department of Animal Science Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - D. Nettleton
- Department of Statistics Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - J. M. Reecy
- Department of Animal Science Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - L. H. Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | | | - N. K. Gabler
- Department of Animal Science Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - J. W. Ross
- Department of Animal Science Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
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44
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Bakhchane A, Kindil Z, Charoute H, Benchikhi K, Khadir K, Nadifi S, Baline K, Roky R, Barakat A. Compound heterozygous SLC29A3 mutation causes H syndrome in a Moroccan patient: A case report. Curr Res Transl Med 2016; 64:65-8. [PMID: 27316388 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
H syndrome is an autosomal recessive syndrome, which affects the skin and some vital organs, it is caused by mutations in the SLC29A3 gene, encoding the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter hENT3. This report describes a patient with typical features of H syndrome. Based on the patient's clinical features, SLC29A3 was selected for molecular investigation. Through direct sequencing, a compound heterozygous alteration in the SLC29A3 gene was found. The c.243delA frameshift mutation leading to a premature termination, resulting in a truncated protein, and a splice site mutation c.300+1G>C predicted to cause a splicing error. This contribution extends the clinical variability of compound heterozygous SLC29A3 mutations resulting in an additional multisystemic manifestation of the clinical spectrum of SLC29A3 disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bakhchane
- Pasteur Institute, Human Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Z Kindil
- Pasteur Institute, Human Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - H Charoute
- Pasteur Institute, Human Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - K Benchikhi
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital University Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - K Khadir
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital University Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - S Nadifi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of medicine, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - K Baline
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital University Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - R Roky
- Université Hassan II Ain Chock, Laboratoire de Physiologie et génétique moléculaire, Km 8 Route d'El Jadida, BP 5366 Maarif, 20100 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - A Barakat
- Pasteur Institute, Human Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Casablanca, Morocco.
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45
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A Case of SLC29A3 Spectrum Disorder-Unresponsive to Multiple Immunomodulatory Therapies. J Clin Immunol 2016; 36:429-33. [PMID: 27215564 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-016-0301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abarca Barriga HH, Trubnykova M, Polar Córdoba V, Ramos Diaz KJ, Aviles Alfaro N. [H syndrome: First reported paediatric case in Latin America]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 87:494-499. [PMID: 27143505 DOI: 10.1016/j.rchipe.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION H Syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disease, with a multisystemic character and which can be identified in early childhood, offering the opportunity of specific treatment and genetic counselling. OBJECTIVE To present a clinical case with "typical" characteristics of H Syndrome. CLINICAL CASE The case is presented of an 8-year-old male patient who presented with testicular tumours and skin lesions characterised by hyperpigmentation with hypertrichosis, language delay, short stature, and joint deformities. He also presented with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, anaemia, hypergammaglobulinaemia, and bone disorders. Histopathology studies of the skin and testicular masses reported lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. Sequencing analysis of gene SLC29A3 showed the homozygote mutation c.1087 C>T (p.Arg363Trp; rs387907067). CONCLUSIONS These findings are consistent with H syndrome, and this is the first reported case in Latin America. The key to the diagnosis is the finding of hyperpigmentation with hypertrichosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Hernán Abarca Barriga
- Servicio de Genética y Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Lima, Perú.
| | - Milana Trubnykova
- Servicio de Genética y Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Lima, Perú
| | - Victoria Polar Córdoba
- Departamento de Endocrinología Pediátrica, Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
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Liu JW, Si N, Wang LQ, Shen T, Zeng XJ, Zhang X, Ma DL. Identification of a novel mutation in solute carrier family 29, member 3 in a Chinese patient with H syndrome. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 128:1336-9. [PMID: 25963354 PMCID: PMC4830313 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.156778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: H syndrome (OMIM 612391) is a recently described autosomal recessive genodermatosis characterized by indurated hyperpigmented and hypertrichotic skin, as well as other systemic manifestations. Most of the cases occurred in the Middle East areas or nearby countries such as Spain or India. The syndrome is caused by mutations in solute carrier family 29, member 3 (SLC29A3), the gene encoding equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3. The aim of this study was to identify pathogenic SLC29A3 mutations in a Chinese patient clinically diagnosed with H syndrome. Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from the patient and his parents. Genomic DNA was isolated by the standard method. All six SLC29A3 exons and their flanking intronic sequences were polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified and the PCR products were subjected to direct sequencing. Results: The patient, an 18-year-old man born to a nonconsanguineous Chinese couple, had more extensive cutaneous lesions, involving both buttocks and knee. In his genomic DNA, we identified a novel homozygous insertion-deletion, c. 1269_1270delinsA, in SLC29A3. Both of his parents were carriers of the mutation. Conclusions: We have identified a pathogenic mutation in a Chinese patient with H syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dong-Lai Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Mruthyunjaya MD, Chapla A, Shetty S, Shyamasunder AH, Mathew L, George R, Paul TV, Thomas N. The H Syndrome: Molecular Diagnosis Using Next-Generation Sequencing. AACE Clin Case Rep 2016; 2:e65-e69. [DOI: 10.4158/ep15762.cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
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Variability in the Manifestations and Evolution of Symptoms in a Patient with H Syndrome. Indian J Pediatr 2016; 83:92-3. [PMID: 25967258 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-015-1776-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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