1
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Tonelotto V, Consorti C, Facchinello N, Trapani V, Sabatelli P, Giraudo C, Spizzotin M, Cescon M, Bertolucci C, Bonaldo P. Collagen VI ablation in zebrafish causes neuromuscular defects during developmental and adult stages. Matrix Biol 2022; 112:39-61. [PMID: 35961424 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Collagen VI (COL6) is an extracellular matrix protein exerting multiple functions in different tissues. In humans, mutations of COL6 genes cause rare inherited congenital disorders, primarily affecting skeletal muscles and collectively known as COL6-related myopathies, for which no cure is available yet. In order to get insights into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying COL6-related diseases, diverse animal models were produced. However, the roles exerted by COL6 during embryogenesis remain largely unknown. Here, we generated the first zebrafish COL6 knockout line through CRISPR/Cas9 site-specific mutagenesis of the col6a1 gene. Phenotypic characterization during embryonic and larval development revealed that lack of COL6 leads to neuromuscular defects and motor dysfunctions, together with distinctive alterations in the three-dimensional architecture of craniofacial cartilages. These phenotypic features were maintained in adult col6a1 null fish, which displayed defective muscle organization and impaired swimming capabilities. Moreover, col6a1 null fish showed autophagy defects and organelle abnormalities at both embryonic and adult stages, thus recapitulating the main features of patients affected by COL6-related myopathies. Mechanistically, lack of COL6 led to increased BMP signaling, and direct inhibition of BMP activity ameliorated the locomotor col6a1 null embryos. Finally performance of, treatment with salbutamol, a β2-adrenergic receptor agonist, elicited a significant amelioration of the neuromuscular and motility defects of col6a1 null fish embryos. Altogether, these findings indicate that this newly generated zebrafish col6a1 null line is a valuable in vivo tool to model COL6-related myopathies and suitable for drug screenings aimed at addressing the quest for effective therapeutic strategies for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Consorti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Facchinello
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valeria Trapani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sabatelli
- CNR - Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, 40136, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Giraudo
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Advanced Clinical and Translational Imaging, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Marianna Spizzotin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Matilde Cescon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bertolucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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2
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Zhang Q, Wu X, Fan Y, Jiang P, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Han S, Xu B, Chen B, Han J, Sun M, Zhao G, Xiao Z, Hu Y, Dai J. Single-cell analysis reveals dynamic changes of neural cells in developing human spinal cord. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52728. [PMID: 34605607 PMCID: PMC8567249 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During central nervous system development, neurogenesis and gliogenesis occur in an orderly manner to create precise neural circuitry. However, no systematic dataset of neural lineage development that covers both neurogenesis and gliogenesis for the human spinal cord is available. We here perform single-cell RNA sequencing of human spinal cord cells during embryonic and fetal stages that cover neuron generation as well as astrocytes and oligodendrocyte differentiation. We also map the timeline of sensory neurogenesis and gliogenesis in the spinal cord. We further identify a group of EGFR-expressing transitional glial cells with radial morphology at the onset of gliogenesis, which progressively acquires differentiated glial cell characteristics. These EGFR-expressing transitional glial cells exhibited a unique position-specific feature during spinal cord development. Cell crosstalk analysis using CellPhoneDB indicated that EGFR glial cells can persistently interact with other neural cells during development through Delta-Notch and EGFR signaling. Together, our results reveal stage-specific profiles and dynamics of neural cells during human spinal cord development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xianming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yongheng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Peipei Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Yannan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yaming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Sufang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Bai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Minghan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Guangfeng Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yali Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Jianwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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3
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Castagnaro S, Gambarotto L, Cescon M, Bonaldo P. Autophagy in the mesh of collagen VI. Matrix Biol 2021; 100-101:162-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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4
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Nakamura H, Aibara M, Kajitani R, Mrosso HDJ, Mzighani SI, Toyoda A, Itoh T, Okada N, Nikaido M. Genomic Signatures for Species-Specific Adaptation in Lake Victoria Cichlids Derived from Large-Scale Standing Genetic Variation. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:3111-3125. [PMID: 33744961 PMCID: PMC8321545 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cichlids of Lake Victoria are a textbook example of adaptive radiation, as >500 endemic species arose in just 14,600 years. The degree of genetic differentiation among species is very low due to the short period of time after the radiation, which allows us to ascertain highly differentiated genes that are strong candidates for driving speciation and adaptation. Previous studies have revealed the critical contribution of vision to speciation by showing the existence of highly differentiated alleles in the visual opsin gene among species with different habitat depths. In contrast, the processes of species-specific adaptation to different ecological backgrounds remain to be investigated. Here, we used genome-wide comparative analyses of three species of Lake Victoria cichlids that inhabit different environments-Haplochromis chilotes, H. sauvagei, and Lithochromis rufus-to elucidate the processes of adaptation by estimating population history and by searching for candidate genes that contribute to adaptation. The patterns of changes in population size were quite distinct among the species according to their habitats. We identified many novel adaptive candidate genes, some of which had surprisingly long divergent haplotypes between species, thus showing the footprint of selective sweep events. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that a large fraction of the allelic diversity among Lake Victoria cichlids was derived from standing genetic variation that originated before the adaptive radiation. Our analyses uncovered the processes of species-specific adaptation of Lake Victoria cichlids and the complexity of the genomic substrate that facilitated this adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Nakamura
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuto Aibara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rei Kajitani
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hillary D J Mrosso
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), Mwanza Fisheries Research Center, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Semvua I Mzighani
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), Headquarters, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.,Fisheries Education and Training Agency, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takehiko Itoh
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Okada
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masato Nikaido
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Spatio-temporal expression and distribution of collagen VI during zebrafish development. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19851. [PMID: 31882701 PMCID: PMC6934817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen VI (ColVI) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein involved in a range of physiological and pathological conditions. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a powerful model organism for studying vertebrate development and for in vivo analysis of tissue patterning. Here, we performed a thorough characterization of ColVI gene and protein expression in zebrafish during development and adult life. Bioinformatics analyses confirmed that zebrafish genome contains single genes encoding for α1(VI), α2(VI) and α3(VI) ColVI chains and duplicated genes encoding for α4(VI) chains. At 1 day post-fertilization (dpf) ColVI transcripts are expressed in myotomes, pectoral fin buds and developing epidermis, while from 2 dpf abundant transcript levels are present in myosepta, pectoral fins, axial vasculature, gut and craniofacial cartilage elements. Using newly generated polyclonal antibodies against zebrafish α1(VI) protein, we found that ColVI deposition in adult fish delineates distinct domains in the ECM of several organs, including cartilage, eye, skin, spleen and skeletal muscle. Altogether, these data provide the first detailed characterization of ColVI expression and ECM deposition in zebrafish, thus paving the way for further functional studies in this species.
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6
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Basement membrane collagens and disease mechanisms. Essays Biochem 2019; 63:297-312. [PMID: 31387942 PMCID: PMC6744580 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20180071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are specialised extracellular matrix (ECM) structures and collagens are a key component required for BM function. While collagen IV is the major BM collagen, collagens VI, VII, XV, XVII and XVIII are also present. Mutations in these collagens cause rare multi-systemic diseases but these collagens have also been associated with major common diseases including stroke. Developing treatments for these conditions will require a collective effort to increase our fundamental understanding of the biology of these collagens and the mechanisms by which mutations therein cause disease. Novel insights into pathomolecular disease mechanisms and cellular responses to these mutations has been exploited to develop proof-of-concept treatment strategies in animal models. Combined, these studies have also highlighted the complexity of the disease mechanisms and the need to obtain a more complete understanding of these mechanisms. The identification of pathomolecular mechanisms of collagen mutations shared between different disorders represent an attractive prospect for treatments that may be effective across phenotypically distinct disorders.
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7
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Manini I, Ruaro ME, Sgarra R, Bartolini A, Caponnetto F, Ius T, Skrap M, Di Loreto C, Beltrami AP, Manfioletti G, Cesselli D. Semaphorin-7A on Exosomes: A Promigratory Signal in the Glioma Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060758. [PMID: 31151295 PMCID: PMC6628148 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are one of the most important mediators of the cross talk occurring between glioma stem cells (GSCs) and the surrounding microenvironment. We have previously shown that exosomes released by patient-derived glioma-associated stem cells (GASC) are able to increase, in vitro, the aggressiveness of both GSC and glioblastoma cell lines. To understand which molecules are responsible for this tumour-supporting function, we performed a descriptive proteomic analysis of GASC-exosomes and identified, among the others, Semaphorin7A (SEMA7A). SEMA7A was described as a promigratory cue in physiological and pathological conditions, and we hypothesised that it could modulate GSC migratory properties. Here, we described that SEMA7A is exposed on GASC-exosomes’ surface and signals to GSC through Integrin β1. This interaction activates focal adhesion kinase into GSC and increases their motility, in our patient-based in vitro model. Our findings suggest SEMA7A-β1-integrin as a new target to disrupt the communication between GSCs and the supporting microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Manini
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Maria Elisabetta Ruaro
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Sgarra
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Anna Bartolini
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Federica Caponnetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Tamara Ius
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Udine, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Miran Skrap
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Udine, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Carla Di Loreto
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Antonio Paolo Beltrami
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | | | - Daniela Cesselli
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy.
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8
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Bretaud S, Nauroy P, Malbouyres M, Ruggiero F. Fishing for collagen function: About development, regeneration and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 89:100-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Gregorio I, Braghetta P, Bonaldo P, Cescon M. Collagen VI in healthy and diseased nervous system. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm032946. [PMID: 29728408 PMCID: PMC6031366 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.032946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen VI is a major extracellular matrix protein exerting a number of functions in different tissues, spanning from biomechanical to regulatory signals in the cell survival processes, and playing key roles in maintaining the stemness or determining the differentiation of several types of cells. In the last couple of years, emerging findings on collagen VI have led to increased interest in its role in the nervous system. The role of this protein in the peripheral nervous system was intensely studied and characterized in detail. Collagen VI acts as a regulator of Schwann cell differentiation and is required for preserving peripheral nerve myelination, function and structure, as well as for orchestrating nerve regeneration after injury. Although the role and distribution of collagen VI in the peripheral nervous system is now well established, the role of this distinctive extracellular matrix component in the central nervous system, along with its links to human neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, remains an open field of investigation. In this Review, we summarize and discuss a number of recent findings related to collagen VI in the central and peripheral nervous systems. We further link these findings to different aspects of the protein that are relevant to human diseases in these compartments in order to provide a comprehensive overview of the roles of this key matrix component in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Gregorio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Braghetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Matilde Cescon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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10
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Castets P, Frank S, Sinnreich M, Rüegg MA. "Get the Balance Right": Pathological Significance of Autophagy Perturbation in Neuromuscular Disorders. J Neuromuscul Dis 2018; 3:127-155. [PMID: 27854220 PMCID: PMC5271579 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-160153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has revealed that autophagy, a major catabolic process in cells, is dysregulated in several neuromuscular diseases and contributes to the muscle wasting caused by non-muscle disorders (e.g. cancer cachexia) or during aging (i.e. sarcopenia). From there, the idea arose to interfere with autophagy or manipulate its regulatory signalling to help restore muscle homeostasis and attenuate disease progression. The major difficulty for the development of therapeutic strategies is to restore a balanced autophagic flux, due to the dynamic nature of autophagy. Thus, it is essential to better understand the mechanisms and identify the signalling pathways at play in the control of autophagy in skeletal muscle. A comprehensive analysis of the autophagic flux and of the causes of its dysregulation is required to assess the pathogenic role of autophagy in diseased muscle. Furthermore, it is essential that experiments distinguish between primary dysregulation of autophagy (prior to disease onset) and impairments as a consequence of the pathology. Of note, in most muscle disorders, autophagy perturbation is not caused by genetic modification of an autophagy-related protein, but rather through indirect alteration of regulatory signalling or lysosomal function. In this review, we will present the mechanisms involved in autophagy, and those ensuring its tight regulation in skeletal muscle. We will then discuss as to how autophagy dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of neuromuscular disorders and possible ways to interfere with this process to limit disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Frank
- Institute of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sinnreich
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, Pharmazentrum, Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Lamandé SR, Bateman JF. Collagen VI disorders: Insights on form and function in the extracellular matrix and beyond. Matrix Biol 2017; 71-72:348-367. [PMID: 29277723 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the three canonical collagen VI genes, COL6A1, COL6A2 and COL6A3, cause a spectrum of muscle disease from Bethlem myopathy at the mild end to the severe Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy. Mutations can be either dominant or recessive and the resulting clinical severity is influenced by the way mutations impact the complex collagen VI assembly process. Most mutations are found towards the N-terminus of the triple helical collagenous domain and compromise extracellular microfibril assembly. Outside the triple helix collagen VI is highly polymorphic and discriminating mutations from rare benign changes remains a major diagnostic challenge. Collagen VI deficiency alters extracellular matrix structure and biomechanical properties and leads to increased apoptosis and oxidative stress, decreased autophagy, and impaired muscle regeneration. Therapies that target these downstream consequences have been tested in a collagen VI null mouse and also in small human trials where they show modest clinical efficacy. An important role for collagen VI in obesity, cancer and diabetes is emerging. A major barrier to developing effective therapies is the paucity of information about how collagen VI deficiency in the extracellular matrix signals the final downstream consequences - the receptors involved and the intracellular messengers await further characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen R Lamandé
- Musculoskeletal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia.
| | - John F Bateman
- Musculoskeletal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
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12
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Mathai BJ, Meijer AH, Simonsen A. Studying Autophagy in Zebrafish. Cells 2017; 6:E21. [PMID: 28698482 PMCID: PMC5617967 DOI: 10.3390/cells6030021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process which allows lysosomal degradation of complex cytoplasmic components into basic biomolecules that are recycled for further cellular use. Autophagy is critical for cellular homeostasis and for degradation of misfolded proteins and damaged organelles as well as intracellular pathogens. The role of autophagy in protection against age-related diseases and a plethora of other diseases is now coming to light; assisted by several divergent eukaryotic model systems ranging from yeast to mice. We here give an overview of different methods used to analyse autophagy in zebrafish-a relatively new model for studying autophagy-and briefly discuss what has been done so far and possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benan John Mathai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Annemarie H Meijer
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
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14
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Saunier M, Bönnemann CG, Durbeej M, Allamand V. 212th ENMC International Workshop: Animal models of congenital muscular dystrophies, Naarden, The Netherlands, 29-31 May 2015. Neuromuscul Disord 2016; 26:252-9. [PMID: 26948708 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Saunier
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - C G Bönnemann
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Durbeej
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - V Allamand
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités, F-75013 Paris, France.
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