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Li C, Liu Y, Luo S, Yang M, Li L, Sun L. A review of CDKL: An underestimated protein kinase family. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:133604. [PMID: 38964683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase-like (CDKL) family proteins are serine/threonine protein kinases and is a specific branch of CMGC (including CDK, MAPK, GSK). Its name is due to the sequence similarity with CDK and it consists of 5 members. Their function in protein phosphorylation underpins their important role in cellular activities, including cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy and microtubule dynamics. CDKL proteins have been demonstrated to regulate the length of primary cilium, which is a dynamic and diverse signaling hub and closely associated with multiple diseases. Furthermore, CDKL proteins have been shown to be involved in the development and progression of several diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and kidney disease. In this review, we summarize the structural characteristics and discovered functions of CDKL proteins and their role in diseases, which might be helpful for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenrui Li
- Department of Nephrology, the second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shilu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, the second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nephrology, the second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, the second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Xu S, Huang CH, Eyermann C, Georgakis GV, Turkman N. Design and radiosynthesis of class-IIa HDAC inhibitor with high molar activity via repositioning the 18F-radiolabel. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15100. [PMID: 38956204 PMCID: PMC11219833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65668-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The design and radiosynthesis of [18F]NT376, a high potency inhibitor of class-IIa histone deacetylases (HDAC) is reported. We utilized a three-step radiochemical approach that led to the radiosynthesis of [18F]NT376 in a good radiochemical yield, (17.0 ± 3%, decay corrected), high radiochemical purity (> 97%) and relatively high molar activity of 185.0 GBq/µmol (> 5.0 Ci/µmol). The repositioning of the 18F-radiolabel into a phenyl ring (18F-Fluoro-aryl) of the class-IIa HDAC inhibitor avoided the shortcomings of the direct radiolabeling of the 5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole moiety that was reported by us previously and was associated with low molar activity (0.74-1.51 GBq/µmol, 20-41 mCi/µmol). This radiochemical approach could find a wider application for radiolabeling similar molecules with good radiochemical yield and high molar activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulan Xu
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, Long Island, NY, 11794, USA
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Chun-Han Huang
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, Long Island, NY, 11794, USA
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Christopher Eyermann
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, Long Island, NY, 11794, USA
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Georgios V Georgakis
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, Long Island, NY, 11794, USA
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Nashaat Turkman
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, Long Island, NY, 11794, USA.
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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Li X, Yennawar M, Wiest A, O'Brien WT, Babrowicz B, White RS, Talos DM, Jensen FE. Cannabidiol attenuates seizure susceptibility and behavioural deficits in adult CDKL5 R59X knock-in mice. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:3337-3352. [PMID: 38654472 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) deficiency disorder (CDD) is caused by a loss-of-function mutation in CDKL5 gene, encoding a serine-threonine kinase highly expressed in the brain. CDD manifests with early-onset epilepsy, autism, motor impairment and severe intellectual disability. While there are no known treatments for CDD, the use of cannabidiol has recently been introduced into clinical practice for neurodevelopmental disorders. Given the increased clinical utilization of cannabidiol, we examined its efficacy in the CDKL5R59X knock-in (R59X) mice, a CDD model based on a human mutation that exhibits both lifelong seizure susceptibility and behavioural deficits. We found that cannabidiol pre-treatment rescued the increased seizure susceptibility in response to the chemoconvulsant pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), attenuated working memory and long-term memory impairments, and rescued social deficits in adult R59X mice. To elucidate a potential mechanism, we compared the developmental hippocampal and cortical expression of common endocannabinoid (eCB) targets in R59X mice and their wild-type littermates, including cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R), transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) and 2 (TRPV2), G-coupled protein receptor 55 (GPR55) and adenosine receptor 1 (A1R). Many of these eCB targets were developmentally regulated in both R59X and wild-type mice. In addition, adult R59X mice demonstrated significantly decreased expression of CB1R and TRPV1 in the hippocampus, and TRPV2 in the cortex, while TRPV1 was increased in the cortex. These findings support the potential for dysregulation of eCB signalling as a plausible mechanism and therapeutic target in CDD, given the efficacy of cannabidiol to attenuate hyperexcitability and behavioural deficits in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Li
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Madhumita Yennawar
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alyssa Wiest
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William T O'Brien
- Neurobehavior Testing Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bergan Babrowicz
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rachel S White
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Delia M Talos
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Frances E Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Westlund KN, Montera M, Goins AE, Shilling MW, Afaghpour-Becklund M, Alles SR, Hui SE. Epigenetic HDAC5 Inhibitor Reverses Craniofacial Neuropathic Pain in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:428-450. [PMID: 37777035 PMCID: PMC10842645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Identifying and resolving molecular complexities underlying chronic neuropathic pain is a significant challenge. Among the numerous classes of histone deacetylases, Class I (HDAC 1-3) and Class III (sirtuins) have been best studied in experimental pain models where inhibitor pre-treatments but not post-treatments abrogate the development of pain-related behaviors. Post-treatment here in week 3 with less well-studied Class IIa HDAC4/5 selective inhibitor LMK235 diminishes the trigeminal ganglia increases of HDAC5 RNA and protein in two chronic orofacial neuropathic pain models to levels measured in naïve mice at week 10 post-model induction. HDAC4 RNA reported in lower limb inflammatory pain models is not evident in the trigeminal models. Many other gene alterations persisting at week 10 in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) are restored to naïve levels in mice treated with LMK235. Important pain-related upregulated genes Hoxc8,b9,d8; P2rx4, Cckbr, growth hormone (Gh), and schlafen (Slfn4) are greatly reduced in LMK235-treated mice. Fold increase in axon regeneration/repair genes Sostdc1, TTr, and Folr1 after injury are doubled by LMK235 treatment. LMK235 reduces the excitability of trigeminal ganglia neurons in culture isolated from nerve injured mice compared to vehicle-treated controls, with no effect on neurons from naïve mice. Electrophysiological characterization profile includes a shift where ∼20% of the small neurons recorded under LMK235-treated conditions are high threshold, whereas none of the neurons under control conditions have high thresholds. LMK235 reverses long-standing mechanical and cold hypersensitivity in chronic trigeminal neuropathic pain models in males and females (5,10 mg/kg), preventing development of anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. PERSPECTIVE: Data here support HDAC5 as key epigenetic factor in chronic trigeminal neuropathic pain persistence, validated with the study of RNA alterations, TG neuronal excitability, and pain-related behaviors. HDAC5 inhibitor given in week 3 restores RNA balance at 10 weeks, while upregulation remains for response to wound healing and chronic inflammation RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin N. Westlund
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Marena Montera
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Aleyah E. Goins
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Mark W. Shilling
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Mitra Afaghpour-Becklund
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Sascha R.A. Alles
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - S. Elise Hui
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
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Tan WJ, Hawley HR, Wilson SJ, Fitzsimons HL. Deciphering the roles of subcellular distribution and interactions involving the MEF2 binding region, the ankyrin repeat binding motif and the catalytic site of HDAC4 in Drosophila neuronal morphogenesis. BMC Biol 2024; 22:2. [PMID: 38167120 PMCID: PMC10763444 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) is associated with several neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Consequently, understanding the roles of nuclear and cytoplasmic HDAC4 along with the mechanisms that regulate nuclear entry and exit is an area of concerted effort. Efficient nuclear entry is dependent on binding of the transcription factor MEF2, as mutations in the MEF2 binding region result in cytoplasmic accumulation of HDAC4. It is well established that nuclear exit and cytoplasmic retention are dependent on 14-3-3-binding, and mutations that affect binding are widely used to induce nuclear accumulation of HDAC4. While regulation of HDAC4 shuttling is clearly important, there is a gap in understanding of how the nuclear and cytoplasmic distribution of HDAC4 impacts its function. Furthermore, it is unclear whether other features of the protein including the catalytic site, the MEF2-binding region and/or the ankyrin repeat binding motif influence the distribution and/or activity of HDAC4 in neurons. Since HDAC4 functions are conserved in Drosophila, and increased nuclear accumulation of HDAC4 also results in impaired neurodevelopment, we used Drosophila as a genetic model for investigation of HDAC4 function. RESULTS Here we have generated a series of mutants for functional dissection of HDAC4 via in-depth examination of the resulting subcellular distribution and nuclear aggregation, and correlate these with developmental phenotypes resulting from their expression in well-established models of neuronal morphogenesis of the Drosophila mushroom body and eye. We found that in the mushroom body, forced sequestration of HDAC4 in the nucleus or the cytoplasm resulted in defects in axon morphogenesis. The actions of HDAC4 that resulted in impaired development were dependent on the MEF2 binding region, modulated by the ankyrin repeat binding motif, and largely independent of an intact catalytic site. In contrast, disruption to eye development was largely independent of MEF2 binding but mutation of the catalytic site significantly reduced the phenotype, indicating that HDAC4 acts in a neuronal-subtype-specific manner. CONCLUSIONS We found that the impairments to mushroom body and eye development resulting from nuclear accumulation of HDAC4 were exacerbated by mutation of the ankyrin repeat binding motif, whereas there was a differing requirement for the MEF2 binding site and an intact catalytic site. It will be of importance to determine the binding partners of HDAC4 in nuclear aggregates and in the cytoplasm of these tissues to further understand its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jun Tan
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Hannah R Hawley
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Sarah J Wilson
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Helen L Fitzsimons
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Klomp MJ, van den Brink L, van Koetsveld PM, de Ridder CMA, Stuurman DC, Löwik CWGM, Hofland LJ, Dalm SU. Applying HDACis to increase SSTR2 expression and radiolabeled DOTA-TATE uptake: from cells to mice. Life Sci 2023; 334:122173. [PMID: 37907154 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of our study was to determine the effect of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACis) on somatostatin type-2 receptor (SSTR2) expression and [111In]In-/[177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE uptake in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The human cell lines NCI-H69 (small-cell lung carcinoma) and BON-1 (pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor) were treated with HDACis (i.e. entinostat, mocetinostat (MOC), LMK-235, CI-994 or panobinostat (PAN)), and SSTR2 mRNA expression levels and [111In]In-DOTA-TATE uptake were measured. Furthermore, vehicle- and HDACi-treated NCI-H69 and BON-1 tumor-bearing mice were injected with radiolabeled DOTA-TATE followed by biodistribution studies. Additionally, SSTR2 and HDAC mRNA expression of xenografts, and of NCI-H69, BON-1, NCI-H727 (human pulmonary carcinoid) and GOT1 (human midgut neuroendocrine tumor) cells were determined. KEY FINDINGS HDACi treatment resulted in the desired effects in vitro. However, no significant increase in tumoral DOTA-TATE uptake was observed after HDACi treatment in NCI-H69 tumor-bearing animals, whereas tumoral SSTR2 mRNA and/or protein expression levels were significantly upregulated after treatment with MOC, CI-994 and PAN, i.e. a maximum of 2.1- and 1.3-fold, respectively. Analysis of PAN-treated BON-1 xenografts solely demonstrated increased SSTR2 mRNA expression levels. Comparison of HDACs and SSTR2 expression in BON-1 and NCI-H69 xenografts showed a significantly higher expression of 6/11 HDACs in BON-1 xenografts. Of these HDACs, a significant inverse correlation was found between HDAC3 and SSTR2 expression (Pearson r = -0.92) in the studied cell lines. SIGNIFICANCE To conclude, tumoral uptake levels of radiolabeled DOTA-TATE were not enhanced after HDACi treatment in vivo, but, depending on the applied inhibitor, increased SSTR2 expression levels were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Klomp
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lilian van den Brink
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M van Koetsveld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corrina M A de Ridder
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Urology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debra C Stuurman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Urology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens W G M Löwik
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leo J Hofland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simone U Dalm
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Mottolese N, Uguagliati B, Tassinari M, Cerchier CB, Loi M, Candini G, Rimondini R, Medici G, Trazzi S, Ciani E. Voluntary Running Improves Behavioral and Structural Abnormalities in a Mouse Model of CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1396. [PMID: 37759796 PMCID: PMC10527551 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) deficiency disorder (CDD) is a rare neurodevelopmental disease caused by mutations in the X-linked CDKL5 gene. CDD is characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, including early-onset refractory epileptic seizures, intellectual disability, hypotonia, visual disturbances, and autism-like features. The Cdkl5 knockout (KO) mouse recapitulates several features of CDD, including autistic-like behavior, impaired learning and memory, and motor stereotypies. These behavioral alterations are accompanied by diminished neuronal maturation and survival, reduced dendritic branching and spine maturation, and marked microglia activation. There is currently no cure or effective treatment to ameliorate the symptoms of the disease. Aerobic exercise is known to exert multiple beneficial effects in the brain, not only by increasing neurogenesis, but also by improving motor and cognitive tasks. To date, no studies have analyzed the effect of physical exercise on the phenotype of a CDD mouse model. In view of the positive effects of voluntary running on the brain of mouse models of various human neurodevelopmental disorders, we sought to determine whether voluntary daily running, sustained over a month, could improve brain development and behavioral defects in Cdkl5 KO mice. Our study showed that long-term voluntary running improved the hyperlocomotion and impulsivity behaviors and memory performance of Cdkl5 KO mice. This is correlated with increased hippocampal neurogenesis, neuronal survival, spine maturation, and inhibition of microglia activation. These behavioral and structural improvements were associated with increased BDNF levels. Given the positive effects of BDNF on brain development and function, the present findings support the positive benefits of exercise as an adjuvant therapy for CDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Mottolese
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Uguagliati
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna Tassinari
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Bruna Cerchier
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Loi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Candini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Rimondini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Medici
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Trazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ciani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Tassinari M, Uguagliati B, Trazzi S, Cerchier CB, Cavina OV, Mottolese N, Loi M, Candini G, Medici G, Ciani E. Early-onset brain alterations during postnatal development in a mouse model of CDKL5 deficiency disorder. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 182:106146. [PMID: 37164289 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the CDKL5 gene are the cause of CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD), a rare and severe neurodevelopmental condition characterized by early-onset epilepsy, motor impairment, intellectual disability, and autistic features. A mouse model of CDD, the Cdkl5 KO mouse, that recapitulates several aspects of CDD symptomology, has helped to highlight brain alterations leading to CDD neurological defects. Studies of brain morphogenesis in adult Cdkl5 KO mice showed defects in dendritic arborization of pyramidal neurons and in synaptic connectivity, a hypocellularity of the hippocampal dentate gyrus, and a generalized microglia over-activation. Nevertheless, no studies are available regarding the presence of these brain alterations in Cdkl5 KO pups, and their severity in early stages of life compared to adulthood. A deeper understanding of the CDKL5 deficient brain during an early phase of postnatal development would represent an important milestone for further validation of the CDD mouse model, and for the identification of the optimum time window for treatments that target defects in brain development. In sight of this, we comparatively evaluated the dendritic arborization and spines of cortical pyramidal neurons, cortical excitatory and inhibitory connectivity, microglia activation, and proliferation and survival of granule cells of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in hemizygous Cdkl5 KO male (-/Y) mice aged 7, 14, 21, and 60 days. We found that most of the structural alterations in Cdkl5 -/Y brains are already present in pups aged 7 days and do not worsen with age. In contrast, the difference in the density of excitatory and inhibitory terminals between Cdkl5 -/Y and wild-type mice changes with age, suggesting an age-dependent cortical excitatory/inhibitory synaptic imbalance. Confirming the precocious presence of brain defects, Cdkl5 -/Y pups are characterized by an impairment in neonatal sensory-motor reflexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Tassinari
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Uguagliati
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Trazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Camilla Bruna Cerchier
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ottavia Vera Cavina
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Mottolese
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Loi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Candini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Medici
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ciani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Ong HW, Liang Y, Richardson W, Lowry ER, Wells CI, Chen X, Silvestre M, Dempster K, Silvaroli JA, Smith JL, Wichterle H, Pabla NS, Ultanir SK, Bullock AN, Drewry DH, Axtman AD. Discovery of a Potent and Selective CDKL5/GSK3 Chemical Probe That Is Neuroprotective. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1672-1685. [PMID: 37084253 PMCID: PMC10161233 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite mediating several essential processes in the brain, including during development, cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) remains a poorly characterized human protein kinase. Accordingly, its substrates, functions, and regulatory mechanisms have not been fully described. We realized that availability of a potent and selective small molecule probe targeting CDKL5 could enable illumination of its roles in normal development as well as in diseases where it has become aberrant due to mutation. We prepared analogs of AT-7519, a compound that has advanced to phase II clinical trials and is a known inhibitor of several cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclin-dependent kinase-like kinases (CDKLs). We identified analog 2 as a highly potent and cell-active chemical probe for CDKL5/GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase 3). Evaluation of its kinome-wide selectivity confirmed that analog 2 demonstrates excellent selectivity and only retains GSK3α/β affinity. We next demonstrated the inhibition of downstream CDKL5 and GSK3α/β signaling and solved a co-crystal structure of analog 2 bound to human CDKL5. A structurally similar analog (4) proved to lack CDKL5 affinity and maintain potent and selective inhibition of GSK3α/β, making it a suitable negative control. Finally, we used our chemical probe pair (2 and 4) to demonstrate that inhibition of CDKL5 and/or GSK3α/β promotes the survival of human motor neurons exposed to endoplasmic reticulum stress. We have demonstrated a neuroprotective phenotype elicited by our chemical probe pair and exemplified the utility of our compounds to characterize the role of CDKL5/GSK3 in neurons and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wee Ong
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yi Liang
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - William Richardson
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K
| | - Emily R Lowry
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
- The Project ALS Therapeutics Core, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Carrow I Wells
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Xiangrong Chen
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K
| | - Margaux Silvestre
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Kelvin Dempster
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Josie A Silvaroli
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jeffery L Smith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Hynek Wichterle
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
- The Project ALS Therapeutics Core, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Navjot S Pabla
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Sila K Ultanir
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Alex N Bullock
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K
| | - David H Drewry
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Alison D Axtman
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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10
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Ong HW, Liang Y, Richardson W, Lowry ER, Wells CI, Chen X, Silvestre M, Dempster K, Silvaroli JA, Smith JL, Wichterle H, Pabla NS, Ultanir SK, Bullock AN, Drewry DH, Axtman AD. A Potent and Selective CDKL5/GSK3 Chemical Probe is Neuroprotective. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.09.527935. [PMID: 36798313 PMCID: PMC9934649 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.09.527935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite mediating several essential processes in the brain, including during development, cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) remains a poorly characterized human protein kinase. Accordingly, its substrates, functions, and regulatory mechanisms have not been fully described. We realized that availability of a potent and selective small molecule probe targeting CDKL5 could enable illumination of its roles in normal development as well as in diseases where it has become aberrant due to mutation. We prepared analogs of AT-7519, a known inhibitor of several cyclin dependent and cyclin-dependent kinase-like kinases that has been advanced into Phase II clinical trials. We identified analog 2 as a highly potent and cell-active chemical probe for CDKL5/GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase 3). Evaluation of its kinome-wide selectivity confirmed that analog 2 demonstrates excellent selectivity and only retains GSK3α/β affinity. As confirmation that our chemical probe is a high-quality tool to use in directed biological studies, we demonstrated inhibition of downstream CDKL5 and GSK3α/β signaling and solved a co-crystal structure of analog 2 bound to CDKL5. A structurally similar analog ( 4 ) proved to lack CDKL5 affinity and maintain potent and selective inhibition of GSK3α/β. Finally, we used our chemical probe pair ( 2 and 4 ) to demonstrate that inhibition of CDKL5 and/or GSK3α/β promotes the survival of human motor neurons exposed to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We have demonstrated a neuroprotective phenotype elicited by our chemical probe pair and exemplified the utility of our compounds to characterize the role of CDKL5/GSK3 in neurons and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wee Ong
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States of America
| | - Yi Liang
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States of America
| | - William Richardson
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Emily R. Lowry
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, United States of America; The Project ALS Therapeutics Core, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, United States of America
| | - Carrow I. Wells
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States of America
| | - Xiangrong Chen
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Margaux Silvestre
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Kelvin Dempster
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Josie A. Silvaroli
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America
| | - Jeffery L. Smith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States of America
| | - Hynek Wichterle
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Neurology, Neuroscience, Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, United States of America; Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, United States of America; Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, United States of America; The Project ALS Therapeutics Core, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, United States of America
| | - Navjot S. Pabla
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America
| | - Sila K. Ultanir
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Alex N. Bullock
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - David H. Drewry
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States of America; UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States of America
| | - Alison D. Axtman
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States of America
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11
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Colussi C, Aceto G, Ripoli C, Bertozzi A, Li Puma DD, Paccosi E, D'Ascenzo M, Grassi C. Cytoplasmic HDAC4 recovers synaptic function in the 3×Tg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12861. [PMID: 36331820 PMCID: PMC10099707 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Early dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterised by alterations of synapse structure and function leading to dysmorphic neurites, decreased spine density, impaired synaptic plasticity and cognitive deficits. The class II member HDAC4, which recently emerged as a crucial factor in shaping synaptic plasticity and memory, was found to be altered in AD. We investigated how the modulation of HDAC4 may contribute to counteracting AD pathogenesis. METHODS Using a cytoplasmic HDAC4 mutant (HDAC4SD ), we studied the recovery of synaptic function in hippocampal tissue and primary neurons from the triple-transgenic mouse model of AD (3×Tg-AD). RESULTS Here, we report that in wild-type mice, HDAC4 is localised at synapses and interacts with postsynaptic proteins, whereas in the 3×Tg-AD, it undergoes nuclear import, reducing its interaction with synaptic proteins. Of note, HDAC4 delocalisation was induced by both amyloid-β and tau accumulation. Overexpression of the HDAC4SD mutant in CA1 pyramidal neurons of organotypic hippocampal slices obtained from 3×Tg-AD mice increased dendritic length and promoted the enrichment of N-cadherin, GluA1, PSD95 and CaMKII proteins at the synaptic level compared with AD neurons transfected with the empty vector. Moreover, HDAC4 overexpression recovered the level of SUMO2/3ylation of PSD95 in AD hippocampal tissue, and in AD organotypic hippocampal slices, the HDAC4SD rescued spine density and synaptic transmission. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight a new role of cytoplasmic HDAC4 in providing a structural and enzymatic regulation of postsynaptic proteins. Our findings suggest that controlling HDAC4 localisation may represent a promising strategy to rescue synaptic function in AD, potentially leading to memory improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Colussi
- Department of Engineering, Istituto di Analisi dei Sistemi ed Informatica 'Antonio Ruberti', National Research Council, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Aceto
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Ripoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Bertozzi
- Department of Engineering, Istituto di Analisi dei Sistemi ed Informatica 'Antonio Ruberti', National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenica Donatella Li Puma
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Paccosi
- Department of Engineering, Istituto di Analisi dei Sistemi ed Informatica 'Antonio Ruberti', National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello D'Ascenzo
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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12
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Histone deacetylase 4 inhibition ameliorates the social deficits induced by Ephrin-B2 mutation. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 120:110622. [PMID: 36029930 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Deterioration of inhibitory synapse may be an essential neurological basis underlying abnormal social behaviours. Manipulations that regulate GABAergic transmission are associated with improved behavioural phenotypes in sociability. The synaptic protein, Ephrin-B2 (EB2), plays an important role in the maintenance and reconfiguration of inhibitory synapses in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). However, the inhibitory cell-type specific role of EB2 in the pathophysiology and treatment of social deficits remains unknown. As expected, we revealed that tdTomato-expressing cells were only found in GABAergic neurons instead of excitatory neurons in transgenic EB2-vGATCre mice. This result indicated that depletion of EB2 would occur in those neurons, which further contribute to social deficits. In addition, specific over-expression of mPFC EB2 restored the defective social behaviour abnormalities. These results suggest that the effect of EB2 on social deficits is anatomically and cell-type specific. More importantly, the global upregulation of HDAC4 expression was found in EB2-vGATCre mice. Significant subcellular nuclear shuttling of HDAC4 in vGAT+ neurons was examined and quantified, suggesting a role of nuclear HDAC4 in mediating the mechanism underlying EB2 impairment in vGAT+ neurons. Treatment with LMK235 led to a remarkable rescue of social deficits, thus our data revealed a new domain for the potential utility of HDAC targeting agents to treat social deficits. In conclusion, these results not only revealed a novel molecular mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of social deficits, but also suggested a potential intervention avenue for the treatment of social deficits.
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13
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Medici G, Tassinari M, Galvani G, Bastianini S, Gennaccaro L, Loi M, Mottolese N, Alvente S, Berteotti C, Sagona G, Lupori L, Candini G, Baggett HR, Zoccoli G, Giustetto M, Muotri A, Pizzorusso T, Nakai H, Trazzi S, Ciani E. Expression of a Secretable, Cell-Penetrating CDKL5 Protein Enhances the Efficacy of Gene Therapy for CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1886-1904. [PMID: 36109452 PMCID: PMC9723029 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although delivery of a wild-type copy of the mutated gene to cells represents the most effective approach for a monogenic disease, proof-of-concept studies highlight significant efficacy caveats for treatment of brain disorders. Herein, we develop a cross-correction-based strategy to enhance the efficiency of a gene therapy for CDKL5 deficiency disorder, a severe neurodevelopmental disorder caused by CDKL5 gene mutations. We created a gene therapy vector that produces an Igk-TATk-CDKL5 fusion protein that can be secreted via constitutive secretory pathways and, due to the cell-penetration property of the TATk peptide, internalized by cells. We found that, although AAVPHP.B_Igk-TATk-CDKL5 and AAVPHP.B_CDKL5 vectors had similar brain infection efficiency, the AAVPHP.B_Igk-TATk-CDKL5 vector led to higher CDKL5 protein replacement due to secretion and penetration of the TATk-CDKL5 protein into the neighboring cells. Importantly, Cdkl5 KO mice treated with the AAVPHP.B_Igk-TATk-CDKL5 vector showed a behavioral and neuroanatomical improvement in comparison with vehicle or AAVPHP.B_CDKL5 vector-treated Cdkl5 KO mice. In conclusion, we provide the first evidence that a gene therapy based on a cross-correction approach is more effective at compensating Cdkl5-null brain defects than gene therapy based on the expression of the native CDKL5, opening avenues for the development of this innovative approach for other monogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Medici
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna Tassinari
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Galvani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Bastianini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Gennaccaro
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Loi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Mottolese
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Alvente
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Berteotti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Sagona
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 50139, Psychology, Italy
| | - Leonardo Lupori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128, Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Candini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Helen Rappe Baggett
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Genetics and Molecular Immunology and Microbiology Oregon Health & Science University, OR, 97239, Portland, USA
| | - Giovanna Zoccoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Giustetto
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, OR, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Alysson Muotri
- School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, Archealization Center (ArchC), Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tommaso Pizzorusso
- Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Hiroyuki Nakai
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Genetics and Molecular Immunology and Microbiology Oregon Health & Science University, OR, 97239, Portland, USA
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Stefania Trazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Ciani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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14
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Nitschke F, Montalbano AP. Novel Cross-Correction-Enabled Gene Therapy for CDKL5-Deficiency Disorder. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1878-1882. [PMID: 36266502 PMCID: PMC9722985 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Nitschke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Alina P Montalbano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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15
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A Selective Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Induces Autophagy and Cell Death via SCNN1A Downregulation in Glioblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184537. [PMID: 36139696 PMCID: PMC9496778 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a grade IV, highly malignant brain tumor. Because of the heterogeneity of GBM, a multitarget drug is a rational strategy for GBM treatment. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) regulate the expression of numerous genes involved in cell death, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. We found that the HDAC4/HDAC5 inhibitor LMK235 at 0.5 µM significantly reduced the cell viability and colony formation of patient-derived, temozolomide-resistant GBM P#5 TMZ-R, U-87 MG, and T98G cells. Moreover, LMK235 also significantly increased TUBA acetylation, which is an indicator of HDAC inhibition. Interestingly, LMK235 induced MAP1LC3 robust readout and puncta accumulation but did not enhance PARP1 cleavage or the proportion of annexin V-positive cells, suggesting that LMK235-induced cell death occurred via autophagy activation. Further RNA-seq analysis after LMK235 treatment showed that 597 different expression genes compared to control. After bioinformatic analysis by KEGG and STRING, we focused on 34 genes and validated their mRNA expression by qPCR. Further validation showed that 2 µM LMK235 significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression of SCNN1A. Cell viability of SCNN1A-silenced cells were reduced, but cells were rescued while treated with an autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1. Conclusively, SCNN1A plays a role in LMK235-induced autophagy and cell death in GBM cells.
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16
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Radix polygoni multiflori protects against hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in diabetic encephalopathy by inhibiting the HDAC4/JNK pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113427. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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17
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CDKL5 deficiency disorder: molecular insights and mechanisms of pathogenicity to fast-track therapeutic development. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1207-1224. [PMID: 35997111 PMCID: PMC9444073 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is an X-linked brain disorder of young children and is caused by pathogenic variants in the cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) gene. Individuals with CDD suffer infantile onset, drug-resistant seizures, severe neurodevelopmental impairment and profound lifelong disability. The CDKL5 protein is a kinase that regulates key phosphorylation events vital to the development of the complex neuronal network of the brain. Pathogenic variants identified in patients may either result in loss of CDKL5 catalytic activity or are hypomorphic leading to partial loss of function. Whilst the progressive nature of CDD provides an excellent opportunity for disease intervention, we cannot develop effective therapeutics without in-depth knowledge of CDKL5 function in human neurons. In this mini review, we summarize new findings on the function of CDKL5. These include CDKL5 phosphorylation targets and the consequence of disruptions on signaling pathways in the human brain. This new knowledge of CDKL5 biology may be leveraged to advance targeted drug discovery and rapid development of treatments for CDD. Continued development of effective humanized models will further propel our understanding of CDD biology and may permit the development and testing of therapies that will significantly alter CDD disease trajectory in young children.
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18
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Fuchs C, Cosentino L, Urbinati C, Talamo MC, Medici G, Quattrini MC, Mottolese N, Pietraforte D, Fuso A, Ciani E, De Filippis B. Treatment with FRAX486 rescues neurobehavioral and metabolic alterations in a female mouse model of CDKL5 deficiency disorder. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1718-1732. [PMID: 35932179 PMCID: PMC9532911 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is a rare neurodevelopmental condition, primarily affecting girls for which no cure currently exists. Neuronal morphogenesis and plasticity impairments as well as metabolic dysfunctions occur in CDD patients. The present study explored the potential therapeutic value for CDD of FRAX486, a brain‐penetrant molecule that was reported to selectively inhibit group I p21‐activated kinases (PAKs), serine/threonine kinases critically involved in the regulation of neuronal morphology and glucose homeostasis. Methods The effects of treatment with FRAX486 on CDD‐related alterations were assessed in vitro (100 nM for 48 h) on primary hippocampal cultures from Cdkl5‐knockout male mice (Cdkl5‐KO) and in vivo (20 mg/Kg, s.c. for 5 days) on Cdkl5‐KO heterozygous females (Cdkl5‐Het). Results The in vitro treatment with FRAX486 completely rescued the abnormal neuronal maturation and the number of PSD95‐positive puncta in Cdkl5‐KO mouse neurons. In vivo, FRAX486 normalized the general health status, the hyperactive profile and the fear learning defects of fully symptomatic Cdkl5‐Het mice. Systemically, FRAX486 treatment normalized the levels of reactive oxidizing species in the whole blood and the fasting‐induced hypoglycemia displayed by Cdkl5‐Het mice. In the hippocampus of Cdkl5‐Het mice, treatment with FRAX486 rescued spine maturation and PSD95 expression and restored the abnormal PAKs phosphorylation at sites which are critical for their activation (P‐PAK‐Ser144/141/139) or for the control cytoskeleton remodeling (P‐PAK1‐Thr212). Conclusions Present results provide evidence that PAKs may represent innovative therapeutic targets for CDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Livia Cosentino
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Urbinati
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Talamo
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Medici
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Mottolese
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Fuso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ciani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bianca De Filippis
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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19
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Tassinari M, Mottolese N, Galvani G, Ferrara D, Gennaccaro L, Loi M, Medici G, Candini G, Rimondini R, Ciani E, Trazzi S. Luteolin Treatment Ameliorates Brain Development and Behavioral Performance in a Mouse Model of CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158719. [PMID: 35955854 PMCID: PMC9369425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD), a rare and severe neurodevelopmental disease caused by mutations in the X-linked CDKL5 gene, is characterized by early-onset epilepsy, intellectual disability, and autistic features. Although pharmacotherapy has shown promise in the CDD mouse model, safe and effective clinical treatments are still far off. Recently, we found increased microglial activation in the brain of a mouse model of CDD, the Cdkl5 KO mouse, suggesting that a neuroinflammatory state, known to be involved in brain maturation and neuronal dysfunctions, may contribute to the pathophysiology of CDD. The present study aims to evaluate the possible beneficial effect of treatment with luteolin, a natural flavonoid known to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities, on brain development and behavior in a heterozygous Cdkl5 (+/−) female mouse, the mouse model of CDD that best resembles the genetic clinical condition. We found that inhibition of neuroinflammation by chronic luteolin treatment ameliorates motor stereotypies, hyperactive profile and memory ability in Cdkl5 +/− mice. Luteolin treatment also increases hippocampal neurogenesis and improves dendritic spine maturation and dendritic arborization of hippocampal and cortical neurons. These findings show that microglia overactivation exerts a harmful action in the Cdkl5 +/− brain, suggesting that treatments aimed at counteracting the neuroinflammatory process should be considered as a promising adjuvant therapy for CDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Tassinari
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Mottolese
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Galvani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Ferrara
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Gennaccaro
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Loi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Medici
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Candini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Rimondini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ciani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Trazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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20
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Rein B, Conrow-Graham M, Frazier A, Cao Q, Yan Z. Inhibition of histone deacetylase 5 ameliorates abnormalities in 16p11.2 duplication mouse model. Neuropharmacology 2022; 204:108893. [PMID: 34822816 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microduplication of the human 16p11.2 gene locus is associated with a range of neurodevelopmental outcomes, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Mice carrying heterozygous 16p11.2 duplication (16p11.2dp/+) display social deficits, which is attributable to impaired GABAergic synaptic function in prefrontal cortex (PFC) driven by downregulation of Npas4, an activity-dependent transcription factor that regulates GABA synapse formation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the diminished transcription of Npas4 in 16p11.2 duplication remain unknown. Npas4 is one of the target genes regulated by histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5), an epigenetic enzyme repressing gene expression via removal of transcription-permissive acetyl groups from histones. Here we report that HDAC5 expression is elevated and histone acetylation is reduced at the Npas4 promoter in PFC of 16p11.2dp/+ mice. Treatment with the HDAC5 inhibitor LMK235 normalizes histone acetylation, restores GABAergic signaling in PFC, and significantly improves social preference in 16p11.2dp/+ mice. These findings suggest that HDAC5 inhibition is a promising therapeutic avenue to alleviate genetic, synaptic and behavioral deficits in 16p11.2 duplication conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rein
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Megan Conrow-Graham
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Allea Frazier
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Qing Cao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
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21
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Hao S, Wang Q, Tang B, Wu Z, Yang T, Tang J. CDKL5 Deficiency Augments Inhibitory Input into the Dentate Gyrus That Can Be Reversed by Deep Brain Stimulation. J Neurosci 2021; 41:9031-9046. [PMID: 34544833 PMCID: PMC8549531 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1010-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a core feature of cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) deficiency, a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by early epileptic seizures, intellectual disability, and autistic behaviors. Although loss of CDKL5 affects a number of molecular pathways, very little has been discovered about the physiological effects of these changes on the neural circuitry. We therefore studied synaptic plasticity and local circuit activity in the dentate gyrus of both Cdkl5-/y and Cdkl5+/- mutant mice. We found that CDKL5 haploinsufficiency in both male and female mice impairs hippocampus-dependent learning and memory in multiple tasks. In vivo, loss of CDKL5 reduced LTP of the perforant path to the dentate gyrus and augmented feedforward inhibition in this pathway; ex vivo experiments confirmed that excitatory/inhibitory input into the dentate gyrus is skewed toward inhibition. Injecting the GABAergic antagonist gabazine into the dentate improved contextual fear memory in Cdkl5-/y mice. Finally, chronic forniceal deep brain stimulation rescued hippocampal memory deficits, restored synaptic plasticity, and relieved feedforward inhibition in Cdkl5+/- mice. These results indicate that CDKL5 is important for maintaining proper dentate excitatory/inhibitory balance, with consequences for hippocampal memory.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cognitive impairment is a core feature of cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) deficiency disorder. Although CDKL5 deficiency has been found to affect a number of molecular pathways, little is known about its physiological effects on the neural circuitry. We find that CDKL5 loss reduces hippocampal synaptic plasticity and augments feedforward inhibition in the perforant path to the dentate gyrus in vivo in Cdkl5 mutant mice. Chronic forniceal deep brain stimulation rescued hippocampal memory deficits, restored synaptic plasticity, and relieved feedforward inhibition in Cdkl5+/- mice, as it had previously done with Rett syndrome mice, suggesting that such stimulation may be useful for other neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hao
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Qi Wang
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Bin Tang
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Tingting Yang
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 560000, China
| | - Jianrong Tang
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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22
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Selg C, Schöler A, Schliehe-Diecks J, Hanl M, Sinatra L, Borkhardt A, Sárosi MB, Bhatia S, Hey-Hawkins E, Hansen FK. Borinostats: solid-phase synthesis of carborane-capped histone deacetylase inhibitors with a tailor-made selectivity profile. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11873-11881. [PMID: 34659728 PMCID: PMC8442681 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02268g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The elevated expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in various tumor types renders their inhibition an attractive strategy for epigenetic therapeutics. One key issue in the development of improved HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) is the selectivity for single HDAC isoforms over unspecific pan inhibition to minimize off-target toxicity. Utilizing the carborane moiety as a fine-tuning pharmacophore, we herein present a robust solid phase synthetic approach towards tailor-made HDACis meeting both ends of the selectivity spectrum, namely pan inhibition and highly selective HDAC6 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Selg
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University Brüderstraße 34 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Andrea Schöler
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University Brüderstraße 34 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Julian Schliehe-Diecks
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Maria Hanl
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, University of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Laura Sinatra
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University Brüderstraße 34 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Menyhárt B Sárosi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Sanil Bhatia
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Finn K Hansen
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, University of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
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23
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Park S, Bello A, Arai Y, Ahn J, Kim D, Cha KY, Baek I, Park H, Lee SH. Functional Duality of Chondrocyte Hypertrophy and Biomedical Application Trends in Osteoarthritis. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081139. [PMID: 34452101 PMCID: PMC8400409 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocyte hypertrophy is one of the key indicators in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). However, compared with other OA indications, such as cartilage collapse, sclerosis, inflammation, and protease activation, the mechanisms by which chondrocyte hypertrophy contributes to OA remain elusive. As the pathological processes in the OA cartilage microenvironment, such as the alterations in the extracellular matrix, are initiated and dictated by the physiological state of the chondrocytes, in-depth knowledge of chondrocyte hypertrophy is necessary to enhance our understanding of the disease pathology and develop therapeutic agents. Chondrocyte hypertrophy is a factor that induces OA progression; it is also a crucial factor in the endochondral ossification. This review elaborates on this dual functionality of chondrocyte hypertrophy in OA progression and endochondral ossification through a description of the characteristics of various genes and signaling, their mechanism, and their distinguishable physiological effects. Chondrocyte hypertrophy in OA progression leads to a decrease in chondrogenic genes and destruction of cartilage tissue. However, in endochondral ossification, it represents an intermediate stage at the process of differentiation of chondrocytes into osteogenic cells. In addition, this review describes the current therapeutic strategies and their mechanisms, involving genes, proteins, cytokines, small molecules, three-dimensional environments, or exosomes, against the OA induced by chondrocyte hypertrophy. Finally, this review proposes that the contrasting roles of chondrocyte hypertrophy are essential for both OA progression and endochondral ossification, and that this cellular process may be targeted to develop OA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghyun Park
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.P.); (A.B.); (Y.A.); (J.A.); (D.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (I.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea
| | - Alvin Bello
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.P.); (A.B.); (Y.A.); (J.A.); (D.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (I.B.)
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Yoshie Arai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.P.); (A.B.); (Y.A.); (J.A.); (D.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Jinsung Ahn
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.P.); (A.B.); (Y.A.); (J.A.); (D.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.P.); (A.B.); (Y.A.); (J.A.); (D.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Kyung-Yup Cha
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.P.); (A.B.); (Y.A.); (J.A.); (D.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Inho Baek
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.P.); (A.B.); (Y.A.); (J.A.); (D.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Hansoo Park
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Soo-Hong Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.P.); (A.B.); (Y.A.); (J.A.); (D.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (I.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-961-5153; Fax: +82-31-961-5108
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24
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Galvani G, Mottolese N, Gennaccaro L, Loi M, Medici G, Tassinari M, Fuchs C, Ciani E, Trazzi S. Inhibition of microglia overactivation restores neuronal survival in a mouse model of CDKL5 deficiency disorder. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:155. [PMID: 34238328 PMCID: PMC8265075 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02204-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD), a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by early onset epilepsy, intellectual disability, and autistic features, is caused by mutations in the CDKL5 gene. Evidence in animal models of CDD showed that absence of CDKL5 negatively affects neuronal survival, as well as neuronal maturation and dendritic outgrowth; however, knowledge of the substrates underlying these alterations is still limited. Neuroinflammatory processes are known to contribute to neuronal dysfunction and death. Recent evidence shows a subclinical chronic inflammatory status in plasma from CDD patients. However, to date, it is unknown whether a similar inflammatory status is present in the brain of CDD patients and, if so, whether this plays a causative or exacerbating role in the pathophysiology of CDD. Methods We evaluated microglia activation using AIF-1 immunofluorescence, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and signaling in the brain of a mouse model of CDD, the Cdkl5 KO mouse, which is characterized by an impaired survival of hippocampal neurons that worsens with age. Hippocampal neuron survival was determined by DCX, NeuN, and cleaved caspase-3 immunostaining in Cdkl5 KO mice treated with luteolin (10 mg/kg), a natural anti-inflammatory flavonoid. Since hippocampal neurons of Cdkl5 KO mice exhibit increased susceptibility to excitotoxic stress, we evaluated neuronal survival in Cdkl5 KO mice injected with NMDA (60 mg/kg) after a 7-day treatment with luteolin. Results We found increased microglial activation in the brain of the Cdkl5 KO mouse. We found alterations in microglial cell morphology and number, increased levels of AIF-1 and proinflammatory cytokines, and activation of STAT3 signaling. Remarkably, treatment with luteolin recovers microglia alterations as well as neuronal survival and maturation in Cdkl5 KO mice, and prevents the increase in NMDA-induced cell death in the hippocampus. Conclusions Our results suggest that neuroinflammatory processes contribute to the pathogenesis of CDD and imply the potential usefulness of luteolin as a treatment option in CDD patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02204-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Galvani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Mottolese
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Gennaccaro
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Loi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Medici
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna Tassinari
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ciani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Stefania Trazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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25
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Mazzocchi M, Goulding SR, Wyatt SL, Collins LM, Sullivan AM, O'Keeffe GW. LMK235, a small molecule inhibitor of HDAC4/5, protects dopaminergic neurons against neurotoxin- and α-synuclein-induced degeneration in cellular models of Parkinson's disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 115:103642. [PMID: 34119632 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications in neurodegenerative disease are under investigation for their roles in disease progression. Alterations in acetylation rates of certain Parkinson's disease (PD)-linked genes have been associated with the pathological progression of this disorder. In light of this, and given the lack of disease-modifying therapies for PD, HDAC inhibitors (HDIs) are under consideration as potential pharmacological agents. The neuroprotective effects of pan-HDACs and some class-specific inhibitors have been tested in in vivo and in vitro models of PD, with varying outcomes. Here we used gene co-expression analysis to identify HDACs that are associated with human dopaminergic (DA) neuron development. We identified HDAC3, HDAC5, HDAC6 and HDAC9 as being highly correlated with the DA markers, SLC6A3 and NR4A2. RT-qPCR revealed that mRNA expression of these HDACs exhibited similar temporal profiles during embryonic mouse midbrain DA (mDA) neuron development. We tested the neuroprotective potential of a number of class-specific small molecule HDIs on human SH-SY5Y cells, using neurite growth as a phenotypic readout of neurotrophic action. Neither the class I-specific HDIs, RGFP109 and RGFP966, nor the HDAC6 inhibitor ACY1215, had significant effects on neurite outgrowth. However, the class IIa HDI, LMK235 (a HDAC4/5 inhibitor), significantly increased histone acetylation and neurite outgrowth. We found that LMK235 increased BMP-Smad-dependent transcription in SH-SY5Y cells and that this was required for its neurite growth-promoting effects on SH-SY5Y cells and on DA neurons in primary cultures of embryonic day (E) 14 rat ventral mesencephalon (VM). These effects were also seen in SH-SY5Y cells transfected with HDAC5 siRNA. Furthermore, LMK235 treatment exerted neuroprotective effects against degeneration induced by the DA neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), in both SH-SY5Y cells and cultured DA neurons. Treatment with LMK235 was also neuroprotective against axonal degeneration induced by overexpression of wild-type (WT) or A53T mutant α-synuclein in both SH-SY5Y cells and primary cultures of DA neurons. In summary, these data show the neuroprotective potential of the class IIa HDI, LMK235, in cell models of relevance to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Mazzocchi
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland
| | - Susan R Goulding
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland
| | - Sean L Wyatt
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Louise M Collins
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland; Department of Physiology, UCC, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aideen M Sullivan
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, UCC, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Gerard W O'Keeffe
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, UCC, Cork, Ireland.
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26
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Gennaccaro L, Fuchs C, Loi M, Pizzo R, Alvente S, Berteotti C, Lupori L, Sagona G, Galvani G, Gurgone A, Raspanti A, Medici G, Tassinari M, Trazzi S, Ren E, Rimondini R, Pizzorusso T, Giovanna Z, Maurizio G, Elisabetta C. Age-Related Cognitive and Motor Decline in a Mouse Model of CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder is Associated with Increased Neuronal Senescence and Death. Aging Dis 2021; 12:764-785. [PMID: 34094641 PMCID: PMC8139207 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is a severe neurodevelopmental disease caused by mutations in the X-linked CDKL5 gene. Children affected by CDD display a clinical phenotype characterized by early-onset epilepsy, intellectual disability, motor impairment, and autistic-like features. Although the clinical aspects associated with CDKL5 mutations are well described in children, adults with CDD are still under-characterized. Similarly, most animal research has been carried out on young adult Cdkl5 knockout (KO) mice only. Since age represents a risk factor for the worsening of symptoms in many neurodevelopmental disorders, understanding age differences in the development of behavioral deficits is crucial in order to optimize the impact of therapeutic interventions. Here, we compared young adult Cdkl5 KO mice with middle-aged Cdkl5 KO mice, at a behavioral, neuroanatomical, and molecular level. We found an age-dependent decline in motor, cognitive, and social behaviors in Cdkl5 KO mice, as well as in breathing and sleep patterns. The behavioral decline in older Cdkl5 KO mice was not associated with a worsening of neuroanatomical alterations, such as decreased dendritic arborization or spine density, but was paralleled by decreased neuronal survival in different brain regions such as the hippocampus, cortex, and basal ganglia. Interestingly, we found increased β-galactosidase activity and DNA repair protein levels, γH2AX and XRCC5, in the brains of older Cdkl5 KO mice, which suggests that an absence of Cdkl5 accelerates neuronal senescence/death by triggering irreparable DNA damage. In summary, this work provides evidence that CDKL5 may play a fundamental role in neuronal survival during brain aging and suggests a possible worsening with age of the clinical picture in CDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gennaccaro
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Fuchs
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Loi
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pizzo
- 2Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Alvente
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Berteotti
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonardo Lupori
- 3BIO@SNS lab, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,4Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Sagona
- 4Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.,5Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,6Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Galvani
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonia Gurgone
- 2Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Medici
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna Tassinari
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Trazzi
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Ren
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Rimondini
- 7Department of Medical and Clinical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pizzorusso
- 3BIO@SNS lab, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,4Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.,5Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Zoccoli Giovanna
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giustetto Maurizio
- 2Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,8National Institute of Neuroscience-Italy, Turin, Italy
| | - Ciani Elisabetta
- 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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27
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Huang CM, Cai JJ, Jin SW, Lin QC, Fang QJ, Nan K, Han Y, Ge WW, Liu Y, Tao YX, Cao H, Li J. Class IIa HDAC Downregulation Contributes to Surgery-Induced Cognitive Impairment Through HMGB1-Mediated Inflammatory Response in the Hippocampi of Aged Mice. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2301-2315. [PMID: 34103963 PMCID: PMC8180279 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s304060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) are a common complication in the elderly. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a class of enzymes that control the acetylation status of intracellular proteins. Thus, we explored whether HDACs trigger the release of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) through altering the acetylation status in the hippocampi of aged mice. Materials and Methods The effect of the Class IIa HDAC in PND was explored using an in vivo form of splenectomy. Sixteen-month-old healthy male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups: control, anesthesia plus sham surgery, anesthesia plus splenectomy, LMK235 treatment, and PBS treatment. The hippocampi were harvested on either first, third, or seventh postoperative day. Cognitive function was assessed via a Morris water maze (MWM) test. Quantitative RT-PCR, Western blots and ELISAs were carried out to assess the targeted gene expression at transcriptional and translational levels. Results Splenectomy led to a significant deficiency in spatial memory acquisition, marked decreases in mRNA and protein levels of HDAC4 and HDAC5 in the hippocampus, and increases in the levels of total HMGB1 and acetylated HMGB1. In a similar fashion to splenectomy, treatment with the HDAC4/5 inhibitor LMK235 produced impaired spatial memory and an increase in the expression of HMGB1 and its acetylated counterpart in the hippocampus. Conclusion These results suggest that surgery leads to PND through class IIa HDAC downregulation-triggered HMGB1 release in hippocampus of aged mice. HDACs may be a potential therapeutic target for postoperative cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Miao Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jing Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Wu Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Cheng Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Juan Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Nan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Wei Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China
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Loi M, Gennaccaro L, Fuchs C, Trazzi S, Medici G, Galvani G, Mottolese N, Tassinari M, Rimondini Giorgini R, Milelli A, Ciani E. Treatment with a GSK-3β/HDAC Dual Inhibitor Restores Neuronal Survival and Maturation in an In Vitro and In Vivo Model of CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5950. [PMID: 34073043 PMCID: PMC8198396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the X-linked cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) gene cause a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by early-onset seizures and severe cognitive, motor, and visual impairments. To date there are no therapies for CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD). In view of the severity of the neurological phenotype of CDD patients it is widely assumed that CDKL5 may influence the activity of a variety of cellular pathways, suggesting that an approach aimed at targeting multiple cellular pathways simultaneously might be more effective for CDD. Previous findings showed that a single-target therapy aimed at normalizing impaired GSK-3β or histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity improved neurodevelopmental and cognitive alterations in a mouse model of CDD. Here we tested the ability of a first-in-class GSK-3β/HDAC dual inhibitor, Compound 11 (C11), to rescue CDD-related phenotypes. We found that C11, through inhibition of GSK-3β and HDAC6 activity, not only restored maturation, but also significantly improved survival of both human CDKL5-deficient cells and hippocampal neurons from Cdkl5 KO mice. Importantly, in vivo treatment with C11 restored synapse development, neuronal survival, and microglia over-activation, and improved motor and cognitive abilities of Cdkl5 KO mice, suggesting that dual GSK-3β/HDAC6 inhibitor therapy may have a wider therapeutic benefit in CDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Loi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (L.G.); (C.F.); (S.T.); (G.M.); (G.G.); (N.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Laura Gennaccaro
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (L.G.); (C.F.); (S.T.); (G.M.); (G.G.); (N.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Claudia Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (L.G.); (C.F.); (S.T.); (G.M.); (G.G.); (N.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Stefania Trazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (L.G.); (C.F.); (S.T.); (G.M.); (G.G.); (N.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Giorgio Medici
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (L.G.); (C.F.); (S.T.); (G.M.); (G.G.); (N.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Galvani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (L.G.); (C.F.); (S.T.); (G.M.); (G.G.); (N.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Nicola Mottolese
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (L.G.); (C.F.); (S.T.); (G.M.); (G.G.); (N.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Marianna Tassinari
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (L.G.); (C.F.); (S.T.); (G.M.); (G.G.); (N.M.); (M.T.)
| | | | - Andrea Milelli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Ciani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (L.G.); (C.F.); (S.T.); (G.M.); (G.G.); (N.M.); (M.T.)
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Novel late-stage radiosynthesis of 5-[18F]-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole (TFMO) containing molecules for PET imaging. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10668. [PMID: 34021207 PMCID: PMC8139947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecules that contain the (TFMO) moiety were reported to specifically inhibit the class-IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs), an important target in cancer and the disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). However, radiolabeling methods to incorporate the [18F]fluoride into the TFMO moiety are lacking. Herein, we report a novel late-stage incorporation of [18F]fluoride into the TFMO moiety in a single radiochemical step. In this approach the bromodifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole was converted into [18F]TFMO via no-carrier-added bromine-[18F]fluoride exchange in a single step, thus producing the PET tracers with acceptable radiochemical yield (3–5%), high radiochemical purity (> 98%) and moderate molar activity of 0.33–0.49 GBq/umol (8.9–13.4 mCi/umol). We validated the utility of the novel radiochemical design by the radiosynthesis of [18F]TMP195, which is a known TFMO containing potent inhibitor of class-IIa HDACs.
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30
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Main P, Tan WJ, Wheeler D, Fitzsimons HL. Increased Abundance of Nuclear HDAC4 Impairs Neuronal Development and Long-Term Memory. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:616642. [PMID: 33859551 PMCID: PMC8042284 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.616642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the histone deacetylase HDAC4 is associated with both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, and a feature common to many of these disorders is impaired cognitive function. HDAC4 shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm in both vertebrates and invertebrates and alterations in the amounts of nuclear and/or cytoplasmic HDAC4 have been implicated in these diseases. In Drosophila, HDAC4 also plays a critical role in the regulation of memory, however, the mechanisms through which it acts are unknown. Nuclear and cytoplasmically-restricted HDAC4 mutants were expressed in the Drosophila brain to investigate a mechanistic link between HDAC4 subcellular distribution, transcriptional changes and neuronal dysfunction. Deficits in mushroom body morphogenesis, eye development and long-term memory correlated with increased abundance of nuclear HDAC4 but were associated with minimal transcriptional changes. Although HDAC4 sequesters MEF2 into punctate foci within neuronal nuclei, no alteration in MEF2 activity was observed on overexpression of HDAC4, and knockdown of MEF2 had no impact on long-term memory, indicating that HDAC4 is likely not acting through MEF2. In support of this, mutation of the MEF2 binding site within HDAC4 also had no impact on nuclear HDAC4-induced impairments in long-term memory or eye development. In contrast, the defects in mushroom body morphogenesis were ameliorated by mutation of the MEF2 binding site, as well as by co-expression of MEF2 RNAi, thus nuclear HDAC4 acts through MEF2 to disrupt mushroom body development. These data provide insight into the mechanisms through which dysregulation of HDAC4 subcellular distribution impairs neurological function and provides new avenues for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Main
- Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Biomedical Science Group, School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Wei Jun Tan
- Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Biomedical Science Group, School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - David Wheeler
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen L. Fitzsimons
- Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Biomedical Science Group, School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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31
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Gennaccaro L, Fuchs C, Loi M, Roncacè V, Trazzi S, Ait-Bali Y, Galvani G, Berardi AC, Medici G, Tassinari M, Ren E, Rimondini R, Giustetto M, Aicardi G, Ciani E. A GABA B receptor antagonist rescues functional and structural impairments in the perirhinal cortex of a mouse model of CDKL5 deficiency disorder. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 153:105304. [PMID: 33621640 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CDKL5 (cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5) deficiency disorder (CDD) is a severe neurodevelopmental encephalopathy characterized by early-onset epilepsy and intellectual disability. Studies in mouse models have linked CDKL5 deficiency to defects in neuronal maturation and synaptic plasticity, and disruption of the excitatory/inhibitory balance. Interestingly, increased density of both GABAergic synaptic terminals and parvalbumin inhibitory interneurons was recently observed in the primary visual cortex of Cdkl5 knockout (KO) mice, suggesting that excessive GABAergic transmission might contribute to the visual deficits characteristic of CDD. However, the functional relevance of cortical GABAergic circuits abnormalities in these mutant mice has not been investigated so far. Here we examined GABAergic circuits in the perirhinal cortex (PRC) of Cdkl5 KO mice, where we previously observed impaired long-term potentiation (LTP) associated with deficits in novel object recognition (NOR) memory. We found a higher number of GABAergic (VGAT)-immunopositive terminals in the PRC of Cdkl5 KO compared to wild-type mice, suggesting that increased inhibitory transmission might contribute to LTP impairment. Interestingly, while exposure of PRC slices to the GABAA receptor antagonist picrotoxin had no positive effects on LTP in Cdkl5 KO mice, the selective GABAB receptor antagonist CGP55845 restored LTP magnitude, suggesting that exaggerated GABAB receptor-mediated inhibition contributes to LTP impairment in mutants. Moreover, acute in vivo treatment with CGP55845 increased the number of PSD95 positive puncta as well as density and maturation of dendritic spines in PRC, and restored NOR memory in Cdkl5 KO mice. The present data show the efficacy of limiting excessive GABAB receptor-mediated signaling in improving synaptic plasticity and cognition in CDD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gennaccaro
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Loi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Roncacè
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Trazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Yassine Ait-Bali
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Galvani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Medici
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna Tassinari
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Ren
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Rimondini
- Department of Medical and Clinical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Giustetto
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio Aicardi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Ciani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Napoletani G, Vigli D, Cosentino L, Grieco M, Talamo MC, Lacivita E, Leopoldo M, Laviola G, Fuso A, d'Erme M, De Filippis B. Stimulation of the Serotonin Receptor 7 Restores Brain Histone H3 Acetylation and MeCP2 Corepressor Protein Levels in a Female Mouse Model of Rett Syndrome. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 80:265-273. [PMID: 33598674 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurological disorder caused by mutations in the X-linked MECP2 gene, characterized by severe behavioral and physiological impairments for which no cure is available. The stimulation of serotonin receptor 7 (5-HT7R) with its selective agonist LP-211 (0.25 mg/kg/day for 7 days) was proved to rescue neurobehavioral alterations in a mouse model of RTT. In the present study, we aimed at gaining insight into the mechanisms underpinning the efficacy of 5-HT7R pharmacological stimulation by investigating its epigenetic outcomes in the brain of RTT female mice bearing a truncating MeCP2 mutation. Treatment with LP-211 normalized the reduced histone H3 acetylation and HDAC3/NCoR levels, and increased HDAC1/Sin3a expression in RTT mouse cortex. Repeated 5-HT7R stimulation also appeared to strengthen the association between NCoR and MeCP2 in the same brain region. A different profile was found in RTT hippocampus, where LP-211 rescued H3 hyperacetylation and increased HDAC3 levels. Overall, the present data highlight a new scenario on the relationship between histone acetylation and serotoninergic pathways. 5-HT7R is confirmed as a pivotal therapeutic target for the recovery of neuronal function supporting the translational value of this promising pharmacological approach for RTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Napoletani
- From the Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Daniele Vigli
- From the Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy.,Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Livia Cosentino
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Maddalena Grieco
- From the Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Talamo
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Enza Lacivita
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Laviola
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Fuso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria d'Erme
- From the Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Bianca De Filippis
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
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Gu X, Huang X, Li D, Bi N, Yu X, Wang HL. Nuclear accumulation of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) by PP1-mediated dephosphorylation exerts neurotoxicity in Pb-exposed neural cells. Neurotoxicology 2020; 81:395-405. [PMID: 33080273 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is an environmental contaminant that primarily affects the central nervous system, particularly the developing brain. Recently, increasing evidence indicates the important roles of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in Pb-induced neurotoxicity. However, the precise molecular mechanisms involving HDAC4 remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of HDAC4 in Pb-induced neurotoxicity both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro study, PC12 cells were exposed to Pb (10 μM) for 24 h, then the mRNA and protein levels of HDAC4 were analyzed. In vivo study, pregnant rats and their female offspring were treated with lead (50 ppm) until postnatal day 30. Then the pups were sacrificed and the mRNA and protein levels of HDAC4 in the hippocampus were analyzed. The results showed that HDAC4 was significantly increased in both PC12 cells and rat hippocampus upon Pb exposure. Blockade of HDAC4 with either LMK-235 (an inhibitor of HDAC4) or shHDAC4 (HDAC4-knocking down plasmid) ameliorated the Pb-induced neurite outgrowth deficits. Interestingly, HDAC4 was aberrantly accumulated in the nucleus upon Pb exposure. By contrast, blocking the HDAC4 shuffling from the cytosol to the nucleus with ΔNLS2-HDAC4 (the cytosol-localized HDAC4 mutant) was able to rescue the neuronal impairment. In addition, Pb increased PP1 (protein phosphatase 1) expression which in turn influenced the subcellular localization of HDAC4 by dephosphorylation of specific serine/threonine residues. What's more, blockade of PP1 with PP1-knocking down construct (shPP1) ameliorated Pb-induced neurite outgrowth deficits. Taken together, nuclear accumulation of HDAC4 by PP1-mediated dephosphorylation involved in Pb-induced neurotoxicity. This study might provide a promising molecular target for medical intervention with environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Gu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 of Tunxi Road, Baohe District, 230009, Hefei, China
| | - Xiyao Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 of Tunxi Road, Baohe District, 230009, Hefei, China
| | - Danyang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 of Tunxi Road, Baohe District, 230009, Hefei, China
| | - Nanxi Bi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 of Tunxi Road, Baohe District, 230009, Hefei, China
| | - Xi Yu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 of Tunxi Road, Baohe District, 230009, Hefei, China
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 of Tunxi Road, Baohe District, 230009, Hefei, China.
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Butyrate, but not propionate, reverses maternal diet-induced neurocognitive deficits in offspring. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105082. [PMID: 32679183 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal diet plays a beneficial role in the health, including the neurodevelopment, of offspring. Insufficient fibre consumption among the general population has increased concern about neurocognitive diseases. However, the association between maternal low-fibre diet (MLFD) and neurocognitive function in offspring is still unclear. METHODS Mice were fed diets containing diverse levels of fibre or administered short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) during gestation. The neurocognitive functions of the offspring and synaptic plasticity-related protein levels were measured. Gene expression was disrupted by siRNA interference. Samples from pregnant women and paired umbilical cord blood (UCB) samples were analysed by the general linear model. RESULTS We found that MLFD impaired cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in offspring and that the impairments were reversed by butyrate intake but not propionate intake. Mechanistic studies showed that histone deacetylase (HDAC)-4 is the most likely mediator of butyrate-dependent neurocognitive improvement. In addition, using human maternal serum and paired UCB samples, we demonstrated that SCFA levels in offspring were positively correlated with levels in the maternal serum. CONCLUSION These results provide solid evidence that fibre in the maternal diet regulates neurocognitive functions in offspring through altering SCFA levels and supports the use of SCFA-dependent perinatal intervention for improving offspring health in the clinic.
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Differences in the Role of HDACs 4 and 5 in the Modulation of Processes Regulating MAFbx and MuRF1 Expression during Muscle Unloading. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134815. [PMID: 32646070 PMCID: PMC7370043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Unloading leads to skeletal muscle atrophy via the upregulation of MuRF-1 and MAFbx E3-ligases expression. Reportedly, histone deacetylases (HDACs) 4 and 5 may regulate the expression of MuRF1 and MAFbx. To examine the HDAC-dependent mechanisms involved in the control of E3-ubiquitin ligases expression at the early stages of muscle unloading we used HDACs 4 and 5 inhibitor LMK-235 and HDAC 4 inhibitor Tasqinimod (Tq). Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (eight rats per group): nontreated control (C), three days of unloading/hindlimb suspension (HS) and three days HS with HDACs inhibitor LMK-235 (HSLMK) or Tq (HSTq). Treatment with LMK-235 diminished unloading-induced of MAFbx, myogenin (MYOG), ubiquitin and calpain-1 mRNA expression (p < 0.05). Tq administration had no effect on the expression of E3-ligases. The mRNA expression of MuRF1 and MAFbx was significantly increased in both HS and HSTq groups (1.5 and 4.0 folds, respectively; p < 0.05) when compared with the C group. It is concluded that during three days of muscle unloading: (1) the HDACs 4 and 5 participate in the regulation of MAFbx expression as well as the expression of MYOG, ubiquitin and calpain-1; (2) the inhibition of HDAC 4 has no effect on MAFbx expression. Therefore, HDAC 5 is perhaps more important for the regulation of MAFbx expression than HDAC 4.
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36
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Demyanenko SV, Dzreyan VA, Uzdensky AB. Overexpression of HDAC6, but not HDAC3 and HDAC4 in the penumbra after photothrombotic stroke in the rat cerebral cortex and the neuroprotective effects of α-phenyl tropolone, HPOB, and sodium valproate. Brain Res Bull 2020; 162:151-165. [PMID: 32592806 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic processes play important roles in brain responses to ischemic injury. We studied effects of photothrombotic stroke (PTS, a model of ischemic stroke) on the intracellular level and cellular localization of histone deacetylases HDAC3, HDAC4 and HDAC6 in the rat brain cortex, and tested the potential neuroprotector ability of their inhibitors. The background level of HDAC3, HDAC4 and HDAC6 in the rat cerebral cortex was relatively low. HDAC3 localized in the nuclei of some neurons and few astrocytes. HDAC4 was found in the neuronal cytoplasm. After PTS, their levels in penumbra did not change, but HDAC4 appeared in the nuclei of some cells. Its level in the cytoplasmic, but not nuclear fraction of penumbra decreased at 24, but not 4 h after PTS. HDAC6 was upregulated in neurons and astrocytes in the PTS-induced penumbra, especially in the nuclear fraction. Unlike HDAC3 and HDAC4, HDAC6 co-localized with TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells. Inhibitory analysis confirmed the involvement of HDAC6, but not HDAC3 and HDAC4 in neurodegeneration. HDAC6 inhibitor HPOB, HDAC2/8 inhibitor α-phenyl tropolone, and non-specific histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium valproate, but not HDAC3 inhibitor BRD3308, or HDAC4 inhibitor LMK235, decreased PTS-induced infarction volume in the mouse brain, reduced apoptosis, and recovered the motor behavior. HPOB also restored PTS-impaired acetylation of α-tubulin. α-phenyl tropolone restored acetylation of histone H4 in penumbra cells. These results suggest that histone deacetylases HDAC6 and HDAC2 are the possible molecular targets for anti-ischemic therapy, and their inhibitors α-phenyl tropolone, HBOP and sodium valproate can be considered as promising neuroprotectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Demyanenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachky Ave., Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - V A Dzreyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachky Ave., Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - A B Uzdensky
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachky Ave., Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia.
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37
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-Like 5 (CDKL5): Possible Cellular Signalling Targets and Involvement in CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:6970190. [PMID: 32587608 PMCID: PMC7293752 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6970190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5, also known as STK9) is a serine/threonine protein kinase originally identified in 1998 during a transcriptional mapping project of the human X chromosome. Thereafter, a mutation in CDKL5 was reported in individuals with the atypical Rett syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder, suggesting that CDKL5 plays an important regulatory role in neuronal function. The disease associated with CDKL5 mutation has recently been recognised as CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) and has been distinguished from the Rett syndrome owing to its symptomatic manifestation. Because CDKL5 mutations identified in patients with CDD cause enzymatic loss of function, CDKL5 catalytic activity is likely strongly associated with the disease. Consequently, the exploration of CDKL5 substrate characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of its catalytic activity are important for identifying therapeutic target molecules and developing new treatment. In this review, we summarise recent findings on the phosphorylation of CDKL5 substrates and the mechanisms of CDKL5 phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. We also discuss the relationship between changes in the phosphorylation signalling pathways and the Cdkl5 knockout mouse phenotype and consider future prospects for the treatment of mental and neurological disease associated with CDKL5 mutations.
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38
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Liu WC, Wu CW, Hung PL, Chan JYH, Tain YL, Fu MH, Chen LW, Liang CK, Hung CY, Yu HR, Chen IC, Wu KL. Environmental Stimulation Counteracts the Suppressive Effects of Maternal High-Fructose Diet on Cell Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation in the Dentate Gyrus of Adult Female Offspring via Histone Deacetylase 4. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113919. [PMID: 32492926 PMCID: PMC7312637 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Maternal high-fructose diets (HFD) impair the learning and memory capacity of adult female offspring via histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4). Hippocampal adult neurogenesis is important for supporting the function of existing neural circuits. In this study, we investigated the effects of maternal HFD on hippocampal neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and neuronal differentiation in adult offspring. Increased nuclear HDAC4 enzyme activity was detected in the hippocampus of HFD female offspring. The Western blot analyses indicated that the expressions of sex-determining region Y box2 (SOX2) and the transcription factor Paired Box 6 (PAX6), which are critical for the progression of NSC proliferation and differentiation, were downregulated. Concurrently, the expression of Ki67 (a cellular marker for proliferation) and doublecortin (DCX), which are related to NSC division and neuronal differentiation, was suppressed. Intracerebroventricular infusion with class II HDAC inhibitor (Mc1568, 4 weeks) led to the upregulation of these proteins. Environmental stimulation reversed the expression of Ki67 and DCX and the counts of Ki67- and DCX-positive cells in the hippocampi of HFD offspring as a result of providing the enriched housing for 4 weeks. Together, these results demonstrate that the suppressive effects of maternal HFD on hippocampal NSC proliferation and neuronal differentiation are reversibly mediated through HDAC4 and can be effectively reversed by environmental stimulation. The advantageous effects of environmental enrichment were possibly mediated by HDAC4 suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chung Liu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (L.-W.C.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (J.Y.H.C.); (Y.-L.T.); (C.-Y.H.); (I.-C.C.)
- National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Lien Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (P.-L.H.); (H.-R.Y.)
| | - Julie Y. H. Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (J.Y.H.C.); (Y.-L.T.); (C.-Y.H.); (I.-C.C.)
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (J.Y.H.C.); (Y.-L.T.); (C.-Y.H.); (I.-C.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (P.-L.H.); (H.-R.Y.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
| | - Lee-Wei Chen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (L.-W.C.)
| | - Chih-Kuang Liang
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology and Division of Neurology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Ying Hung
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (J.Y.H.C.); (Y.-L.T.); (C.-Y.H.); (I.-C.C.)
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (P.-L.H.); (H.-R.Y.)
| | - I-Chun Chen
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (J.Y.H.C.); (Y.-L.T.); (C.-Y.H.); (I.-C.C.)
| | - Kay L.H. Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (J.Y.H.C.); (Y.-L.T.); (C.-Y.H.); (I.-C.C.)
- Department of Senior Citizen Services, National Tainan Institute of Nursing, Tainan 700, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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39
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Zhou W, Yang J, Saren G, Zhao H, Cao K, Fu S, Pan X, Zhang H, Wang A, Chen X. HDAC6-specific inhibitor suppresses Th17 cell function via the HIF-1α pathway in acute lung allograft rejection in mice. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:6790-6805. [PMID: 32550904 PMCID: PMC7295069 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous animal experiments and clinical studies indicated the critical role of Th17 cells in lung transplant rejection. Therefore, the downregulation of Th17 cell function in lung transplant recipients is of great interest. Methods: We established an orthotopic mouse lung transplantation model to investigate the role of histone deacetylase 6-specific inhibitor (HDAC6i), Tubastatin A, in the suppression of Th17 cells and attenuation of pathologic lesions in lung allografts. Moreover, mechanism studies were conducted in vitro. Results: Tubastatin A downregulated Th17 cell function in acute lung allograft rejection, prolonged the survival of lung allografts, and attenuated acute rejection by suppressing Th17 cell accumulation. Consistently, exogenous IL-17A supplementation eliminated the protective effect of Tubastatin A. Also, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) was overexpressed in a lung transplantation mouse model. HIF-1α deficiency suppressed Th17 cell function and attenuated lung allograft rejection by downregulating retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (ROR γt) expression. We showed that HDAC6i downregulated HIF-1α transcriptional activity under Th17-skewing conditions in vitro and promoted HIF-1α protein degradation in lung allografts. HDAC6i did not affect the suppression of HIF-1α-/- naïve CD4+ T cell differentiation into Th17 cell and attenuation of acute lung allograft rejection in HIF-1α-deficient recipient mice. Conclusion: These findings suggest that Tubastatin A downregulates Th17 cell function and suppresses acute lung allograft rejection, at least partially, via the HIF-1α/ RORγt pathway.
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40
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Trovò L, Fuchs C, De Rosa R, Barbiero I, Tramarin M, Ciani E, Rusconi L, Kilstrup-Nielsen C. The green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) restores CDKL5-dependent synaptic defects in vitro and in vivo. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 138:104791. [PMID: 32032735 PMCID: PMC7152796 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is a rare X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterised by early-onset seizures, intellectual disability, gross motor impairment, and autistic-like features. CDD is caused by mutations in the cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) gene that encodes a serine/threonine kinase with a predominant expression in the brain. Loss of CDKL5 causes neurodevelopmental alterations in vitro and in vivo, including defective dendritic arborisation and spine maturation, which most likely underlie the cognitive defects and autistic features present in humans and mice. Here, we show that treatment with epigallatocathechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol of green tea, can restore defects in dendritic and synaptic development of primary Cdkl5 knockout (KO) neurons. Furthermore, defective synaptic maturation in the hippocampi and cortices of adult Cdkl5-KO mice can be rescued through the intraperitoneal administration of EGCG, which is however not sufficient to normalise behavioural CDKL5-dependent deficits. EGCG is a pleiotropic compound with numerous cellular targets, including the dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) that is selectively inhibited by EGCG. DYRK1A controls dendritic development and spine formation and its deregulation has been implicated in neurodevelopmental and degenerative diseases. Treatment with another DYRK1A inhibitor, harmine, was capable of correcting neuronal CDKL5-dependent defects; moreover, DYRK1A levels were upregulated in primary Cdkl5-KO neurons in concomitance with increased phosphorylation of Tau, a well-accepted DYRK1A substrate. Altogether, our results indicate that DYRK1A deregulation may contribute, at least in part, to the neurodevelopmental alterations caused by CDKL5 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Trovò
- Center of Neuroscience, Dept. Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - C Fuchs
- Dept. Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Center of Neuroscience, Dept. Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - R De Rosa
- Center of Neuroscience, Dept. Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - I Barbiero
- Center of Neuroscience, Dept. Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - M Tramarin
- Center of Neuroscience, Dept. Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - E Ciani
- Dept. Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Rusconi
- Center of Neuroscience, Dept. Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - C Kilstrup-Nielsen
- Center of Neuroscience, Dept. Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
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41
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Chang HS, Lee KZ. Modulation of the extrinsic tongue muscle activity in response to bronchopulmonary C-fiber activation following midcervical contusion in the rat. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1130-1145. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00857.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tongue muscle activity plays an important role in the regulation of upper airway patency. This study aimed to investigate the respiratory activity of the extrinsic tongue muscle in response to capsaicin-induced bronchopulmonary C-fiber activation following cervical spinal cord contusion. Midcervical spinal-contused animals exhibited a greater baseline preinspiratory burst amplitude of the extrinsic tongue muscle and were resistant to inhaled capsaicin-induced reduction of respiratory tongue muscle activity at the acute injured stage. However, inhalation of capsaicin caused a more severe attenuation of preinspiratory activity of the extrinsic tongue muscle at the chronic injured stage. These results suggest that the upper airway may be predisposed to collapse in response to bronchopulmonary C-fiber activation following chronic cervical spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Sen Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ze Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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42
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Jiang H, Jia D, Zhang B, Yang W, Dong Z, Sun X, Cui X, Ma L, Wu J, Hu K, Sun A, Ge J. Exercise improves cardiac function and glucose metabolism in mice with experimental myocardial infarction through inhibiting HDAC4 and upregulating GLUT1 expression. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:28. [PMID: 32236769 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-0787-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of exercise on the cardiac function, metabolic profiles and related molecular mechanisms in mice with ischemic-induced heart failure (HF). HF was induced by myocardial infarction (MI) in C57BL6/N mice. Cardiac function and physical endurance were improved in HF mice after exercise. Micro-PET/CT scanning revealed enhanced myocardial glucose uptake in vivo in HF mice after exercise. Exercise reduced mitochondrial structural damage in HF mice. Cardiomyocytes isolated from HF + exercise mice showed increased glycolysis capacity, respiratory function and ATP production. Both mRNA and protein expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) were upregulated after exercise. Results of ChIP-PCR revealed a novel interaction between transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2a (MEF2a) and GLUT1 in hearts of HF + exercise mice. Exercise also activated myocardial AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which in turn phosphorylated histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), and thereby modulated the GLUT1 expression through reducing its inhibition on MEF2a in HF mice. Inhibition of HDAC4 also improved cardiac function in HF mice. Moreover, knockdown of GLUT1 impaired the systolic and diastolic function of isolated cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, exercise improves cardiac function and glucose metabolism in HF mice through inhibiting HDAC4 and upregulating GLUT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Daile Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Beijian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotong Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China. .,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China. .,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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43
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Lupori L, Sagona G, Fuchs C, Mazziotti R, Stefanov A, Putignano E, Napoli D, Strettoi E, Ciani E, Pizzorusso T. Site-specific abnormalities in the visual system of a mouse model of CDKL5 deficiency disorder. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:2851-2861. [PMID: 31108505 PMCID: PMC6736061 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a severe global developmental delay and early-onset seizures. Notably, patients show distinctive visual abnormalities often clinically diagnosed as cortical visual impairment. However, the involvement of cerebral cortical dysfunctions in the origin of the symptoms is poorly understood. CDD mouse models also display visual deficits, and cortical visual responses can be used as a robust biomarker in CDKL5 mutant mice. A deeper understanding of the circuits underlying the described visual deficits is essential for directing preclinical research and translational approaches. Here, we addressed this question in two ways: first, we performed an in-depth morphological analysis of the visual pathway, from the retina to the primary visual cortex (V1), of CDKL5 null mice. We found that the lack of CDKL5 produced no alteration in the organization of retinal circuits. Conversely, CDKL5 mutants showed reduced density and altered morphology of spines and decreased excitatory synapse marker PSD95 in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and in V1. An increase in the inhibitory marker VGAT was selectively present in V1. Second, using a conditional CDKL5 knockout model, we showed that selective cortical deletion of CDKL5 from excitatory cells is sufficient to produce abnormalities of visual cortical responses, demonstrating that the normal function of cortical circuits is dependent on CDKL5. Intriguingly, these deficits were associated with morphological alterations of V1 excitatory and inhibitory synaptic contacts. In summary, this work proposes cortical circuit structure and function as a critically important target for studying CDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lupori
- BIO@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Giulia Sagona
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA University of Florence, Area San Salvi-Pad. 26, Florence 50135, Italy.,Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa 56128, Italy
| | - Claudia Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Raffaele Mazziotti
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA University of Florence, Area San Salvi-Pad. 26, Florence 50135, Italy
| | - Antonia Stefanov
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Elena Putignano
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Debora Napoli
- BIO@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Enrica Strettoi
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ciani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pizzorusso
- BIO@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA University of Florence, Area San Salvi-Pad. 26, Florence 50135, Italy
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44
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Gao Y, Irvine EE, Eleftheriadou I, Naranjo CJ, Hearn-Yeates F, Bosch L, Glegola JA, Murdoch L, Czerniak A, Meloni I, Renieri A, Kinali M, Mazarakis ND. Gene replacement ameliorates deficits in mouse and human models of cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 disorder. Brain 2020; 143:811-832. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 disorder is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the X-linked cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) gene. It predominantly affects females who typically present with severe early epileptic encephalopathy, global developmental delay, motor dysfunction, autistic features and sleep disturbances. To develop a gene replacement therapy, we initially characterized the human CDKL5 transcript isoforms expressed in the brain, neuroblastoma cell lines, primary astrocytes and embryonic stem cell-derived cortical interneurons. We found that the isoform 1 and to a lesser extent the isoform 2 were expressed in human brain, and both neuronal and glial cell types. These isoforms were subsequently cloned into recombinant adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector genome and high-titre viral vectors were produced. Intrajugular delivery of green fluorescence protein via AAV vector serotype PHP.B in adult wild-type male mice transduced neurons and astrocytes throughout the brain more efficiently than serotype 9. Cdkl5 knockout male mice treated with isoform 1 via intrajugular injection at age 28–30 days exhibited significant behavioural improvements compared to green fluorescence protein-treated controls (1012 vg per animal, n = 10 per group) with PHP.B vectors. Brain expression of the isoform 1 transgene was more abundant in hindbrain than forebrain and midbrain. Transgene brain expression was sporadic at the cellular level and most prominent in hippocampal neurons and cerebellar Purkinje cells. Correction of postsynaptic density protein 95 cerebellar misexpression, a major fine cerebellar structural abnormality in Cdkl5 knockout mice, was found in regions of high transgene expression within the cerebellum. AAV vector serotype DJ efficiently transduced CDKL5-mutant human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitors, which were subsequently differentiated into mature neurons. When treating CDKL5-mutant neurons, isoform 1 expression led to an increased density of synaptic puncta, while isoform 2 ameliorated the calcium signalling defect compared to green fluorescence protein control, implying distinct functions of these isoforms in neurons. This study provides the first evidence that gene therapy mediated by AAV vectors can be used for treating CDKL5 disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Gao
- Gene Therapy, Section of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Elaine E Irvine
- Metabolic Signalling Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ioanna Eleftheriadou
- Gene Therapy, Section of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Carlos Jiménez Naranjo
- Gene Therapy, Section of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Francesca Hearn-Yeates
- Gene Therapy, Section of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Leontien Bosch
- Gene Therapy, Section of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Justyna A Glegola
- Metabolic Signalling Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Leah Murdoch
- CBS Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Ilaria Meloni
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Kinali
- The Portland Hospital, 205-209 Great Portland Street, London, W1W 5AH, UK
| | - Nicholas D Mazarakis
- Gene Therapy, Section of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
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45
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Pozhidayeva DY, Farris SP, Goeke CM, Firsick EJ, Townsley KG, Guizzetti M, Ozburn AR. Chronic Chemogenetic Stimulation of the Nucleus Accumbens Produces Lasting Reductions in Binge Drinking and Ameliorates Alcohol-Related Morphological and Transcriptional Changes. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E109. [PMID: 32085427 PMCID: PMC7071376 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge drinking is a dangerous pattern of behavior. We tested whether chronically manipulating nucleus accumbens (NAc) activity (via clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) and Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD)) could produce lasting effects on ethanol binge-like drinking in mice selectively bred to drink to intoxication. We found chronically increasing NAc activity (4 weeks, via CNO and the excitatory DREADD, hM3Dq) decreased binge-like drinking, but did not observe CNO-induced changes in drinking with the inhibitory DREADD, hM4Di. The CNO/hM3Dq-induced reduction in ethanol drinking persisted for at least one week, suggesting adaptive neuroplasticity via transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. Therefore, we defined this plasticity at the morphological and transcriptomic levels. We found that chronic binge drinking (6 weeks) altered neuronal morphology in the NAc, an effect that was ameliorated with CNO/hM3Dq. Moreover, we detected significant changes in expression of several plasticity-related genes with binge drinking that were ameliorated with CNO treatment (e.g., Hdac4). Lastly, we found that LMK235, an HDAC4/5 inhibitor, reduced binge-like drinking. Thus, we were able to target specific molecular pathways using pharmacology to mimic the behavioral effects of DREADDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dar’ya Y. Pozhidayeva
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (D.Y.P.); (C.M.G.); (K.G.T.); (M.G.)
- Research & Development, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
- Chemistry Department, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207, USA
| | - Sean P. Farris
- College of Natural Sciences, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX 78712, USA;
| | - Calla M. Goeke
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (D.Y.P.); (C.M.G.); (K.G.T.); (M.G.)
- Research & Development, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Evan J. Firsick
- Research & Development, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Kayla G. Townsley
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (D.Y.P.); (C.M.G.); (K.G.T.); (M.G.)
- Research & Development, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Marina Guizzetti
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (D.Y.P.); (C.M.G.); (K.G.T.); (M.G.)
- Research & Development, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Angela R. Ozburn
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (D.Y.P.); (C.M.G.); (K.G.T.); (M.G.)
- Research & Development, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
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46
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Increased DNA Damage and Apoptosis in CDKL5-Deficient Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2244-2262. [PMID: 32002787 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the CDKL5 gene, which encodes a serine/threonine kinase, causes a rare encephalopathy, characterized by early-onset epilepsy and severe intellectual disability, named CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD). In vitro and in vivo studies in mouse models of Cdkl5 deficiency have highlighted the role of CDKL5 in brain development and, in particular, in the morphogenesis and synaptic connectivity of hippocampal and cortical neurons. Interestingly, Cdkl5 deficiency in mice increases vulnerability to excitotoxic stress in hippocampal neurons. However, the mechanism by which CDKL5 controls neuronal survival is far from being understood. To investigate further the function of CDKL5 and dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal survival, we generated a human neuronal model of CDKL5 deficiency, using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. We demonstrated that CDKL5 deletion in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells not only impairs neuronal maturation but also reduces cell proliferation and survival, with alterations in the AKT and ERK signaling pathways and an increase in the proapoptotic BAX protein and in DNA damage-associated biomarkers (i.e., γH2AX, RAD50, and PARP1). Furthermore, CDKL5-deficient cells were hypersensitive to DNA damage-associated stress, accumulated more DNA damage foci (γH2AX positive) and were more prone to cell death than the controls. Importantly, increased kainic acid-induced cell death of hippocampal neurons of Cdkl5 KO mice correlated with an increased γH2AX immunostaining. The results suggest a previously unknown role for CDKL5 in DNA damage response that could underlie the pro-survival function of CDKL5.
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Krieger V, Hamacher A, Cao F, Stenzel K, Gertzen CGW, Schäker-Hübner L, Kurz T, Gohlke H, Dekker FJ, Kassack MU, Hansen FK. Synthesis of Peptoid-Based Class I-Selective Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors with Chemosensitizing Properties. J Med Chem 2019; 62:11260-11279. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Krieger
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexandra Hamacher
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fangyuan Cao
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Stenzel
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph G. W. Gertzen
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), and Institute for Complex Systems - Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Center for Structural Studies (CSS), Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Linda Schäker-Hübner
- Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Kurz
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), and Institute for Complex Systems - Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Frank J. Dekker
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias U. Kassack
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Finn K. Hansen
- Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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48
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Wang Y, Xia Y, Hu K, Zeng M, Zhi C, Lai M, Wu L, Liu S, Zeng S, Huang Z, Ma S, Yuan Z. MKK7 transcription positively or negatively regulated by SP1 and KLF5 depends on HDAC4 activity in glioma. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:2496-2508. [PMID: 30963560 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
JNK activity has been implicated in the malignant proliferation, invasion and drug-resistance of glioma cells (GCs), but the molecular mechanisms underlying JNK activation are currently unknown. Here, we reported that MKK7, not MKK4, directly activates JNK in GCs and exerts oncogenic effects on tumor formation. Notably, MKK7 expression in glioma tissues was closely correlated with the grade of the glioma and JNK/c-Jun activation. Mechanistically, MKK7 transcription critically depends on the complexes formed by HDAC4 and the transcriptional factors SP1 and Krüppel-like factor-5 (KLF5), wherein HDAC4 directly deacetylates both SP1 and KLF5 and synergistically upregulates MKK7 transcription through two SP1 sites located on its promoter. In contrast, the increases in acetylated-SP1 and acetylated-KLF5 after HDAC4 inhibition switched to transcriptionally suppress MKK7. Selective inhibition of HDAC4 by LMK235, siRNAs or blockage of SP1 and KLF5 by the ectopic dominant-negative SP1 greatly reduced the malignant capacity of GCs. Furthermore, suppression of both MKK7 expression and JNK/c-Jun activities was involved in the tumor-growth inhibitory effects induced by LMK235 in U87-xenograft mice. Interestingly, HDAC4 is highly expressed in glioma tissues, and the rate of HDAC4 nuclear import is closely correlated with glioma grade, as well as with MKK7 expression. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that highly expressed MKK7 contributes to JNK/c-Jun signaling-mediated glioma formation. MKK7 transcription, regulated by SP1 and KLF5, critically depends on HDAC4 activity, and inhibition of HDAC4 presents a potential strategy for suppressing the oncogenic roles of MKK7/JNK/c-Jun signaling in GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yezhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgical Disease Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Neurosciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgical Disease Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Neurosciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunhua Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minling Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgical Disease Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Neurosciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhi
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaoling Lai
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqiang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgical Disease Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Neurosciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sisi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgical Disease Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Neurosciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shulian Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgical Disease Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Neurosciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgical Disease Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Neurosciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongmin Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgical Disease Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Neurosciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, China
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49
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Pizzo R, Lamarca A, Sassoè-Pognetto M, Giustetto M. Structural Bases of Atypical Whisker Responses in a Mouse Model of CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder. Neuroscience 2019; 445:130-143. [PMID: 31472213 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the CDKL5 (cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5) gene cause CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder (CDD), a severe neurodevelopmental syndrome where patients exhibit early-onset seizures, intellectual disability, stereotypies, limited or absent speech, autism-like symptoms and sensory impairments. Mounting evidences indicate that disrupted sensory perception and processing represent core signs also in mouse models of CDD; however we have very limited knowledge on their underlying causes. In this study, we investigated how CDKL5 deficiency affects synaptic organization and experience-dependent plasticity in the thalamo-cortical (TC) pathway carrying whisker-related tactile information to the barrel cortex (BC). By using synapse-specific antibodies and confocal microscopy, we found that Cdkl5-KO mice display a lower density of TC synapses in the BC that was paralleled by a reduction of cortico-cortical (CC) connections compared to wild-type mice. These synaptic defects were accompanied by reduced BC activation, as shown by a robust decrease of c-fos immunostaining, and atypical behavioral responses to whisker-mediated tactile stimulation. Notably, a 2-day paradigm of enriched whisker stimulation rescued both number and configuration of excitatory synapses in Cdkl5-KO mice, restored cortical activity and normalized behavioral responses to wild-type mice levels. Our findings disclose a novel and unsuspected role of CDKL5 in controlling the organization and experience-induced modifications of excitatory connections in the BC and indicate how mutations of CDKL5 produce failures in higher-order processing of somatosensory stimuli. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Animal Models of Neurodevelopmental Disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pizzo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Corso Massimo D'Azeglio 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - A Lamarca
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Corso Massimo D'Azeglio 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - M Sassoè-Pognetto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Corso Massimo D'Azeglio 52, 10126 Turin, Italy; National Institute of Neuroscience-Italy, Corso Massimo D'Azeglio 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - M Giustetto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Corso Massimo D'Azeglio 52, 10126 Turin, Italy; National Institute of Neuroscience-Italy, Corso Massimo D'Azeglio 52, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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50
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Fuchs C, Gennaccaro L, Ren E, Galvani G, Trazzi S, Medici G, Loi M, Conway E, Devinsky O, Rimondini R, Ciani E. Pharmacotherapy with sertraline rescues brain development and behavior in a mouse model of CDKL5 deficiency disorder. Neuropharmacology 2019; 167:107746. [PMID: 31469994 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the X-linked cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) gene cause a severe neurodevelopmental disorder, CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD). CDKL5 is fundamental for correct brain development and function, but the molecular mechanisms underlying aberrant neurologic dysfunction in CDD are incompletely understood. Here we show a dysregulation of hippocampal and cortical serotonergic (5-HT) receptor expression in heterozygous Cdkl5 knockout (KO) female mice, suggesting that impaired 5-HT neurotransmission contributes to CDD. We demonstrate that targeting impaired 5-HT signaling via the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) sertraline rescues CDD-related neurodevelopmental and behavioral defects in heterozygous Cdkl5 KO female mice. In particular, chronic treatment with sertraline normalized locomotion, stereotypic and autistic-like features, and spatial memory in Cdkl5 KO mice. These positive behavioral effects were accompanied by restored neuronal survival, dendritic development and synaptic connectivity. At a molecular level, sertraline increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and restored abnormal phosphorylation levels of tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) and its downstream target the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2). Since sertraline is an FDA-approved drug with an extensive safety and tolerability data package, even for children, our findings suggest that sertraline may improve neurodevelopment in children with CDD. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'Serotonin Research: Crossing Scales and Boundaries'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.
| | - Laura Gennaccaro
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Ren
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Galvani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Trazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Medici
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Loi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Erin Conway
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - Roberto Rimondini
- Department of Medical and Clinical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ciani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.
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