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Qin T, Li C, Xu Y, Qin Y, Jin Y, He R, Luo Z, Zhao J, Duan C, Lu H, Cao Y, Hu J. Local delivery of EGFR +NSCs-derived exosomes promotes neural regeneration post spinal cord injury via miR-34a-5p/HDAC6 pathway. Bioact Mater 2024; 33:424-443. [PMID: 38059122 PMCID: PMC10696309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes severe axon damage, usually leading to permanent paraparesis, which still lacks effective regenerative therapy. Recent studies have suggested that exosomes derived from neural stem cells (NSCs) may hold promise as attractive candidates for SCI treatment. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor positive NSC (EGFR+NSC) is a subpopulation of endogenous NSCs, showing strong regenerative capability in central nervous system disease. In the current study, we isolated exosomes from the EGFR+NSCs (EGFR+NSCs-Exos) and discovered that local delivery of EGFR+NSCs-Exos can effectively promote neurite regrowth in the injury site of spinal cord-injured mice and improve their neurological function recovery. Using the miRNA-seq, we firstly characterized the microRNAs (miRNAs) cargo of EGFR+NSCs-Exos and identified miR-34a-5p which was highly enriched in EGFR+NSCs derived exosomes. We further interpreted that exosomal miR-34a-5p could be transferred to neurons and inhibit the HDAC6 expression by directly binding to its mRNA, contributing to microtubule stabilization and autophagy induction for aiding SCI repair. Overall, our research demonstrated a novel therapeutic approach to improving neurological functional recovery by using exosomes secreted from a subpopulation of endogenous NSCs and providing a precise cell-free treatment strategy for SCI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Qin
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Chengjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yiming Qin
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yuxin Jin
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Rundong He
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zixiang Luo
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jinyun Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Chunyue Duan
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
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Song H, Chen J, Huang J, Sun P, Liu Y, Xu L, Wei C, Mu X, Lu X, Wang W, Zhang N, Shang M, Mo M, Zhang W, Zhao H, Han F. Epigenetic modification in Parkinson's disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1123621. [PMID: 37351278 PMCID: PMC10283008 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1123621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder caused by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Recent advance in genomics and epigenetics have revealed epigenetic mechanisms in PD. These epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and RNA-based mechanisms, which regulate cellular functions in almost all cells. Epigenetic alterations are involved in multiple aspects of neuronal development and neurodegeneration in PD. In this review, we discuss current understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gene expression and neural degeneration and then highlight emerging epigenetic targets and diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for treating or preventing PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Song
- The Innovation Institute for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng University/The Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Juanli Chen
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng University/The Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Laboratory of Basic Medical Research, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Sun
- The Innovation Institute for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanming Liu
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng University/The Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Li Xu
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng University/The Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanfei Wei
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng University/The Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Mu
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng University/The Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Xianjie Lu
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng University/The Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng University/The Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng University/The Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Miwei Shang
- The Innovation Institute for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mei Mo
- The Innovation Institute for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Affiliated Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Zhengzhou Revogene Scientific Co., LTD., Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fabin Han
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng University/The Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
- Zhengzhou Revogene Scientific Co., LTD., Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Zhao P, Malik S. The phosphorylation to acetylation/methylation cascade in transcriptional regulation: how kinases regulate transcriptional activities of DNA/histone-modifying enzymes. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:83. [PMID: 35659740 PMCID: PMC9164400 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors directly regulate gene expression by recognizing and binding to specific DNA sequences, involving the dynamic alterations of chromatin structure and the formation of a complex with different kinds of cofactors, like DNA/histone modifying-enzymes, chromatin remodeling factors, and cell cycle factors. Despite the significance of transcription factors, it remains unclear to determine how these cofactors are regulated to cooperate with transcription factors, especially DNA/histone modifying-enzymes. It has been known that DNA/histone modifying-enzymes are regulated by post-translational modifications. And the most common and important modification is phosphorylation. Even though various DNA/histone modifying-enzymes have been classified and partly explained how phosphorylated sites of these enzymes function characteristically in recent studies. It still needs to find out the relationship between phosphorylation of these enzymes and the diseases-associated transcriptional regulation. Here this review describes how phosphorylation affects the transcription activity of these enzymes and other functions, including protein stability, subcellular localization, binding to chromatin, and interaction with other proteins.
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Characterization of Acetylation of Histone H3 at Lysine 9 in the Trigeminal Ganglion of a Rat Trigeminal Neuralgia Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1300387. [PMID: 35571235 PMCID: PMC9095355 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1300387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a chronic neuropathic pain disorder characterized by spontaneous and elicited paroxysms of electric-shock-like or stabbing pain in a region of the face. The epigenetic regulation of TN is still obscure. In current study, a rat TN model subject to carbamazepine (CBZ) treatment was established, and transcriptome- and genome-scale profiling of H3K9ac and HDAC3 was performed by RNA-seq and ChIP-seq. We observed that H3K9ac levels in the trigeminal ganglion were lower in the TN rats compared with those in the control, and CBZ treatment led to recovery of H3K9ac levels. Further, we found that HDAC3 was overactivated, which interfered with H3K9 acetylation due to higher phosphorylation in TN compared with that in the control. Finally, the phosphokinase leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) was demonstrated to contribute to HDAC3 activity via the MAPK signaling pathway. Taken together, we identified a regulatory mechanism in which the phosphate groups transferred from activated ERK and LRRK2 to HDAC3 caused genome-scale deacetylation at H3K9 and resulted in the silencing of a large number of genes in TN. The kinases or important enzymes within this regulatory axis may represent important targets for TN therapy and prevention.
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Does the Expression and Epigenetics of Genes Involved in Monogenic Forms of Parkinson’s Disease Influence Sporadic Forms? Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030479. [PMID: 35328033 PMCID: PMC8951612 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a disorder characterized by a triad of motor symptoms (akinesia, rigidity, resting tremor) related to loss of dopaminergic neurons mainly in the Substantia nigra pars compacta. Diagnosis is often made after a substantial loss of neurons has already occurred, and while dopamine replacement therapies improve symptoms, they do not modify the course of the disease. Although some biological mechanisms involved in the disease have been identified, such as oxidative stress and accumulation of misfolded proteins, they do not explain entirely PD pathophysiology, and a need for a better understanding remains. Neurodegenerative diseases, including PD, appear to be the result of complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. The latter can alter gene expression by causing epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, post-translational modification of histones and non-coding RNAs. Regulation of genes responsible for monogenic forms of PD may be involved in sporadic PD. This review will focus on the epigenetic mechanisms regulating their expression, since these are the genes for which we currently have the most information available. Despite technical challenges, epigenetic epidemiology offers new insights on revealing altered biological pathways and identifying predictive biomarkers for the onset and progression of PD.
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Xu L, Zhang H, Wang Y, Guo W, Gu L, Yang A, Ma S, Yang Y, Wu K, Jiang Y. H3K14 hyperacetylation‑mediated c‑Myc binding to the miR‑30a‑5p gene promoter under hypoxia postconditioning protects senescent cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:468. [PMID: 33880587 PMCID: PMC8097758 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study reported that microRNA (miR)‑30a‑5p upregulation under hypoxia postconditioning (HPostC) exert a protective effect on aged H9C2 cells against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury via DNA methyltransferase 3B‑induced DNA hypomethylation at the miR‑30a‑5p gene promoter. This suggests that miR‑30a‑5p may be a potential preventative and therapeutic target for ischemic heart disease in aged myocardium. The present study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of miR‑30a‑5p transcription in aged myocardium in ischemic heart disease. Cardiomyocytes were treated with 8 mg/ml D‑galactose for 9 days, and then exposed to hypoxic conditions. Cell viability was determined using a cell viability assay. Expression levels of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), LC3B‑II/I, beclin‑1 and p62 were detected via reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting. Chromatin immunoprecipitation‑PCR and luciferase reporter assays were performed to evaluate the effect of c‑Myc binding and activity on the miR‑30a‑5p promoter in senescent cardiomyocytes following HPostC. It was found that HPostC enhanced the acetylation levels of H3K14 at the miR‑30a‑5p gene promoter in senescent cardiomyocytes, which attributed to the decreased expression of HDAC2. In addition, c‑Myc could positively regulate miR‑30a‑5p transcription to inhibit senescent cardiomyocyte autophagy. Mechanically, it was observed that increased H3K14 acetylation level exposed to romidepsin facilitated c‑Myc binding to the miR‑30a‑5p gene promoter region, which led to the increased transcription of miR‑30a‑5p. Taken together, these results demonstrated that HDAC2‑mediated H3K14 hyperacetylation promoted c‑Myc binding to the miR‑30a‑5p gene promoter, which contributed to HPostC senescent cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbo Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Department of Gynecology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Lingyu Gu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Anning Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Shengchao Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The People's Hospital in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yideng Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
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Imbalance of Lysine Acetylation Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197182. [PMID: 33003340 PMCID: PMC7582258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. The neuropathological features of PD are selective and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, deficiencies in striatal dopamine levels, and the presence of intracellular Lewy bodies. Interactions among aging and genetic and environmental factors are considered to underlie the common etiology of PD, which involves multiple changes in cellular processes. Recent studies suggest that changes in lysine acetylation and deacetylation of many proteins, including histones and nonhistone proteins, might be tightly associated with PD pathogenesis. Here, we summarize the changes in lysine acetylation of both histones and nonhistone proteins, as well as the related lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) and lysine deacetylases (KDACs), in PD patients and various PD models. We discuss the potential roles and underlying mechanisms of these changes in PD and highlight that restoring the balance of lysine acetylation/deacetylation of histones and nonhistone proteins is critical for PD treatment. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different KAT/KDAC inhibitors or activators in the treatment of PD models and emphasize that SIRT1 and SIRT3 activators and SIRT2 inhibitors are the most promising effective therapeutics for PD.
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Regulation of histone deacetylase activities and functions by phosphorylation and its physiological relevance. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:427-445. [PMID: 32683534 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are conserved enzymes that regulate many cellular processes by catalyzing the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues on histones and non-histone proteins. As appropriate for proteins that occupy such an essential biological role, HDAC activities and functions are in turn highly regulated. Overwhelming evidence suggests that the dysregulation of HDACs plays a major role in many human diseases. The regulation of HDACs is achieved by multiple different mechanisms, including posttranslational modifications. One of the most common posttranslational modifications on HDACs is reversible phosphorylation. Many HDAC phosphorylations are context-dependent, occurring in specific tissues or as a consequence of certain stimuli. Additionally, whereas phosphorylation can regulate some HDACs in a non-specific manner, many HDAC phosphorylations result in specific consequences. Although some of these modifications support normal HDAC function, aberrations can contribute to disease development. Here we review and critically evaluate how reversible phosphorylation activates or deactivates HDACs and, thereby, regulates their many functions under various cellular and physiological contexts.
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Epigenetics in Lewy Body Diseases: Impact on Gene Expression, Utility as a Biomarker, and Possibilities for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134718. [PMID: 32630630 PMCID: PMC7369933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lewy body disorders (LBD) include Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). They are synucleinopathies with a heterogeneous clinical manifestation. As a cause of neuropathological overlap with other neurodegenerative diseases, the establishment of a correct clinical diagnosis is still challenging, and clinical management may be difficult. The combination of genetic variation and epigenetic changes comprising gene expression-modulating DNA methylation and histone alterations modifies the phenotype, disease course, and susceptibility to disease. In this review, we summarize the results achieved in the deciphering of the LBD epigenome. To provide an appropriate context, first LBD genetics is briefly outlined. Afterwards, a detailed review of epigenetic modifications identified for LBD in human cells, postmortem, and peripheral tissues is provided. We also focus on the difficulty of identifying epigenome-related biomarker candidates and discuss the results obtained so far. Additionally, epigenetic changes as therapeutic targets, as well as different epigenome-based treatments, are revised. The number of studies focusing on PD is relatively limited and practically inexistent for DLB. There is a lack of replication studies, and some results are even contradictory, probably due to differences in sample collection and analytical techniques. In summary, we show the current achievements and directions for future research.
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Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Brain development and degeneration are highly complex processes that are regulated by a large number of molecules and signaling pathways the identities of which are being unraveled. Accumulating evidence points to histone deacetylases and epigenetic mechanisms as being important regulators of these processes. In this review, we describe that histone deacetylase-3 (HDAC3) is a particularly crucial regulator of both neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. In addition, HDAC3 regulates memory formation, synaptic plasticity, and the cognitive impairment associated with normal aging. Understanding how HDAC3 functions contributes to the normal development and functioning of the brain while also promoting neurodegeneration could lead to the development of therapeutic approaches for neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Sim H, Lee JE, Yoo HM, Cho S, Lee H, Baek A, Kim J, Seo H, Kweon MN, Kim HG, Jeon YJ, Son MY, Kim J. Iroquois Homeobox Protein 2 Identified as a Potential Biomarker for Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3455. [PMID: 32422864 PMCID: PMC7278941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is initiated after the occurrence of motor symptoms, such as resting tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. According to previous reports, non-motor symptoms, notably gastrointestinal dysfunction, could potentially be early biomarkers in PD patients as such symptoms occur earlier than motor symptoms. However, connecting PD to the intestine is methodologically challenging. Thus, we generated in vitro human intestinal organoids from PD patients and ex vivo mouse small intestinal organoids from aged transgenic mice. Both intestinal organoids (IOs) contained the human LRRK2 G2019S mutation, which is the most frequent genetic cause of familial and sporadic PD. By conducting comprehensive genomic comparisons with these two types of IOs, we determined that a particular gene, namely, Iroquois homeobox protein 2 (IRX2), showed PD-related expression patterns not only in human pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived neuroectodermal spheres but also in human PSC-derived neuronal cells containing dopaminergic neurons. We expected that our approach of using various cell types presented a novel technical method for studying the effects of multi-organs in PD pathophysiology as well as for the development of diagnostic markers for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuna Sim
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.S.); (J.-E.L.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (A.B.); (Y.-J.J.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Joo-Eun Lee
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.S.); (J.-E.L.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (A.B.); (Y.-J.J.)
| | - Hee Min Yoo
- Group for Biometrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Korea;
| | - Sunwha Cho
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.S.); (J.-E.L.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (A.B.); (Y.-J.J.)
| | - Hana Lee
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.S.); (J.-E.L.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (A.B.); (Y.-J.J.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Aruem Baek
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.S.); (J.-E.L.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (A.B.); (Y.-J.J.)
| | - Jisun Kim
- Department of Molecular & Life Sciences, College of Science & Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (J.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Hyemyung Seo
- Department of Molecular & Life Sciences, College of Science & Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (J.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Mi-Na Kweon
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - Hyung Gun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
| | - Young-Joo Jeon
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.S.); (J.-E.L.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (A.B.); (Y.-J.J.)
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.S.); (J.-E.L.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (A.B.); (Y.-J.J.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Janghwan Kim
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.S.); (J.-E.L.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (A.B.); (Y.-J.J.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
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12
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Louis Sam Titus ASC, Sharma D, Kim MS, D'Mello SR. The Bdnf and Npas4 genes are targets of HDAC3-mediated transcriptional repression. BMC Neurosci 2019; 20:65. [PMID: 31883511 PMCID: PMC6935488 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-019-0546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Histone deacetylase-3 (HDAC3) promotes neurodegeneration in various cell culture and in vivo models of neurodegeneration but the mechanism by which HDAC3 exerts neurotoxicity is not known. HDAC3 is known to be a transcriptional co-repressor. The goal of this study was to identify transcriptional targets of HDAC3 in an attempt to understand how it promotes neurodegeneration. Results We used chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis coupled with deep sequencing (ChIP-Seq) to identify potential targets of HDAC3 in cerebellar granule neurons. One of the genes identified was the activity-dependent and neuroprotective transcription factor, Neuronal PAS Domain Protein 4 (Npas4). We confirmed using ChIP that in healthy neurons HDAC3 associates weakly with the Npas4 promoter, however, this association is robustly increased in neurons primed to die. We find that HDAC3 also associates differentially with the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) gene promoter, with higher association in dying neurons. In contrast, association of HDAC3 with the promoters of other neuroprotective genes, including those encoding c-Fos, FoxP1 and Stat3, was barely detectable in both healthy and dying neurons. Overexpression of HDAC3 leads to a suppression of Npas4 and Bdnf expression in cortical neurons and treatment with RGFP966, a chemical inhibitor of HDAC3, resulted in upregulation of their expression. Expression of HDAC3 also repressed Npas4 and Bdnf promoter activity. Conclusion Our results suggest that Bdnf and Npas4 are transcriptional targets of Hdac3-mediated repression. HDAC3 inhibitors have been shown to protect against behavioral deficits and neuronal loss in mouse models of neurodegeneration and it is possible that these inhibitors work by upregulating neuroprotective genes like Bdnf and Npas4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anto Sam Crosslee Louis Sam Titus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dharmendra Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Min Soo Kim
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Santosh R D'Mello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA. .,, Dallas, TX, 75243, USA.
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EGFR-c-Src-Mediated HDAC3 Phosphorylation Exacerbates Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080930. [PMID: 31430896 PMCID: PMC6721651 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among women. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (c-Src) are critical components of the signaling pathways that are associated with breast cancer. However, the regulatory mechanism of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in these pathways remains unclear. Using the Net Phos 3.1 program for the analysis of kinase consensus motifs, we found two c-Src-mediated putative phosphorylation sites, tyrosine (Tyr, Y)-328 and Y331 on HDAC3, and generated a phospho-specific HDAC3 antibody against these sites. c-Src-mediated phosphorylation was observed in the cells expressing wild-type HDAC3 (HDAC3WT), but not in cells overexpressing phosphorylation-defective HDAC3 (HDAC3Y328/331A). Phosphorylated HDAC3 showed relatively higher deacetylase activity, and PP2, which is a c-Src inhibitor, blocked HDAC3 phosphorylation and reduced its enzymatic activity. EGF treatment resulted in HDAC3 phosphorylation in both MDA-MB-231 and EGFR-overexpressing MCF7 (MCF7-EGFR) cells, but not in MCF7 cells. Total internal reflection fluorescence analysis showed that HDAC3 was recruited to the plasma membrane following EGF stimulation. HDAC3 inhibition with either c-Src knockdown or PP2 treatment significantly ameliorated the invasiveness of breast cancer cells. Altogether, our findings reveal an EGF signaling cascade involving EGFR, c-Src, and HDAC3 in breast cancer cells.
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14
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Zeng XS, Geng WS, Jia JJ, Chen L, Zhang PP. Cellular and Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration in Parkinson Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:109. [PMID: 29719505 PMCID: PMC5913322 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been 200 years since Parkinson disease (PD) was described by Dr. Parkinson in 1817. The disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Although the pathogenesis of PD is still unknown, the research findings from scientists are conducive to understand the pathological mechanisms. It is well accepted that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the onset of PD. In this review, we summarize the mutations of main seven genes (α-synuclein, LRRK2, PINK1, Parkin, DJ-1, VPS35 and GBA1) linked to PD, discuss the potential mechanisms for the loss of dopaminergic neurons (dopamine metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, impaired autophagy, and deregulation of immunity) in PD, and expect the development direction for treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Si Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Wen-Shuo Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Jin-Jing Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Peng-Peng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
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15
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Thomas EA, D'Mello SR. Complex neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of histone deacetylases. J Neurochem 2018; 145:96-110. [PMID: 29355955 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
By their ability to shatter quality of life for both patients and caregivers, neurodegenerative diseases are the most devastating of human disorders. Unfortunately, there are no effective or long-terms treatments capable of slowing down the relentless loss of neurons in any of these diseases. One impediment is the lack of detailed knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the processes of neurodegeneration. While some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are mostly sporadic in nature, driven by both environment and genetic susceptibility, many others, including Huntington's disease, spinocerebellar ataxias, and spinal-bulbar muscular atrophy, are genetically inherited disorders. Surprisingly, given their different roots and etiologies, both sporadic and genetic neurodegenerative disorders have been linked to disease mechanisms involving histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins, which consists of 18 family members with diverse functions. While most studies have implicated certain HDAC subtypes in promoting neurodegeneration, a substantial body of literature suggests that other HDAC proteins can preserve neuronal viability. Of particular interest, however, is the recent realization that a single HDAC subtype can have both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects. Diverse mechanisms, beyond transcriptional regulation have been linked to these effects, including deacetylation of non-histone proteins, protein-protein interactions, post-translational modifications of the HDAC proteins themselves and direct interactions with disease proteins. The roles of these HDACs in both sporadic and genetic neurodegenerative diseases will be discussed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Santosh R D'Mello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
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