1
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Wang HLV, Xiang JF, Yuan C, Veire AM, Gendron TF, Murray ME, Tansey MG, Hu J, Gearing M, Glass JD, Jin P, Corces VG, McEachin ZT. pTDP-43 levels correlate with cell type specific molecular alterations in the prefrontal cortex of C9orf72 ALS/FTD patients. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.01.12.523820. [PMID: 36711601 PMCID: PMC9882184 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.12.523820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Repeat expansions in the C9orf72 gene are the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and familial frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD). To identify molecular defects that take place in the dorsolateral frontal cortex of patients with C9orf72 ALS/FTD, we compared healthy controls with C9orf72 ALS/FTD donor samples staged based on the levels of cortical phosphorylated TAR DNA binding protein (pTDP-43), a neuropathological hallmark of disease progression. We identified distinct molecular changes in different cell types that take place during FTD development. Loss of neurosurveillance microglia and activation of the complement cascade take place early, when pTDP-43 aggregates are absent or very low, and become more pronounced in late stages, suggesting an initial involvement of microglia in disease progression. Reduction of layer 2-3 cortical projection neurons with high expression of CUX2/LAMP5 also occurs early, and the reduction becomes more pronounced as pTDP-43 accumulates. Several unique features were observed only in samples with high levels of pTDP-43, including global alteration of chromatin accessibility in oligodendrocytes, microglia, and astrocytes; higher ratios of premature oligodendrocytes; increased levels of the noncoding RNA NEAT1 in astrocytes and neurons, and higher amount of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6. Our findings reveal previously unknown progressive functional changes in major cell types found in the frontal cortex of C9orf72 ALS/FTD patients that shed light on the mechanisms underlying the pathology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Lin V. Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Emory Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Jian-Feng Xiang
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Chenyang Yuan
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Austin M. Veire
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | | | | | - Malú G. Tansey
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Marla Gearing
- Emory Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Jonathan D. Glass
- Emory Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Emory Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Victor G. Corces
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Emory Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Zachary T. McEachin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Emory Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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2
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Gao Y, Zhu Y, Sun Q, Chen D. Ribosome-associated protein quality control: Implications for neurodegenerative diseases and therapeutic potential. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:1165-1169. [PMID: 38278708 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Gao
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuanxiang Zhu
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qinmiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Stem Cells and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Dahua Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650500, China.
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3
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Pokrishevsky E, DuVal MG, McAlary L, Louadi S, Pozzi S, Roman A, Plotkin SS, Dijkstra A, Julien JP, Allison WT, Cashman NR. Tryptophan residues in TDP-43 and SOD1 modulate the cross-seeding and toxicity of SOD1. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107207. [PMID: 38522514 PMCID: PMC11087967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of motor neurons. Neuronal superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) inclusion bodies are characteristic of familial ALS with SOD1 mutations, while a hallmark of sporadic ALS is inclusions containing aggregated WT TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43). We show here that co-expression of mutant or WT TDP-43 with SOD1 leads to misfolding of endogenous SOD1 and aggregation of SOD1 reporter protein SOD1G85R-GFP in human cell cultures and promotes synergistic axonopathy in zebrafish. Intriguingly, this pathological interaction is modulated by natively solvent-exposed tryptophans in SOD1 (tryptophan-32) and TDP-43 RNA-recognition motif RRM1 (tryptophan-172), in concert with natively sequestered TDP-43 N-terminal domain tryptophan-68. TDP-43 RRM1 intrabodies reduce WT SOD1 misfolding in human cell cultures, via blocking tryptophan-172. Tryptophan-68 becomes antibody-accessible in aggregated TDP-43 in sporadic ALS motor neurons and cell culture. 5-fluorouridine inhibits TDP-43-induced G85R-GFP SOD1 aggregation in human cell cultures and ameliorates axonopathy in zebrafish, via its interaction with SOD1 tryptophan-32. Collectively, our results establish a novel and potentially druggable tryptophan-mediated mechanism whereby two principal ALS disease effector proteins might directly interact in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Pokrishevsky
- Department of Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michéle G DuVal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luke McAlary
- Department of Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah Louadi
- Department of Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Silvia Pozzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrei Roman
- Department of Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steven S Plotkin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anke Dijkstra
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Pierre Julien
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - W Ted Allison
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Neil R Cashman
- Department of Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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4
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Zhao B, Cowan CM, Coutts JA, Christy DD, Saraph A, Hsueh SCC, Plotkin SS, Mackenzie IR, Kaplan JM, Cashman NR. Targeting RACK1 to alleviate TDP-43 and FUS proteinopathy-mediated suppression of protein translation and neurodegeneration. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:200. [PMID: 38111057 PMCID: PMC10726565 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01705-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) and Fused in Sarcoma/Translocated in Sarcoma (FUS) are ribonucleoproteins associated with pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Under physiological conditions, TDP-43 and FUS are predominantly localized in the nucleus, where they participate in transcriptional regulation, RNA splicing and metabolism. In disease, however, they are typically mislocalized to the cytoplasm where they form aggregated inclusions. A number of shared cellular pathways have been identified that contribute to TDP-43 and FUS toxicity in neurodegeneration. In the present study, we report a novel pathogenic mechanism shared by these two proteins. We found that pathological FUS co-aggregates with a ribosomal protein, the Receptor for Activated C-Kinase 1 (RACK1), in the cytoplasm of spinal cord motor neurons of ALS, as previously reported for pathological TDP-43. In HEK293T cells transiently transfected with TDP-43 or FUS mutant lacking a functional nuclear localization signal (NLS; TDP-43ΔNLS and FUSΔNLS), cytoplasmic TDP-43 and FUS induced co-aggregation with endogenous RACK1. These co-aggregates sequestered the translational machinery through interaction with the polyribosome, accompanied by a significant reduction of global protein translation. RACK1 knockdown decreased cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43ΔNLS or FUSΔNLS and alleviated associated global translational suppression. Surprisingly, RACK1 knockdown also led to partial nuclear localization of TDP-43ΔNLS and FUSΔNLS in some transfected cells, despite the absence of NLS. In vivo, RACK1 knockdown alleviated retinal neuronal degeneration in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster expressing hTDP-43WT or hTDP-43Q331K and improved motor function of hTDP-43WT flies, with no observed adverse effects on neuronal health in control knockdown flies. In conclusion, our results revealed a novel shared mechanism of pathogenesis for misfolded aggregates of TDP-43 and FUS mediated by interference with protein translation in a RACK1-dependent manner. We provide proof-of-concept evidence for targeting RACK1 as a potential therapeutic approach for TDP-43 or FUS proteinopathy associated with ALS and FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhao
- University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- ProMIS Neurosciences, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Catherine M Cowan
- University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Juliane A Coutts
- University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Darren D Christy
- University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ananya Saraph
- University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shawn C C Hsueh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Stephen S Plotkin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ian R Mackenzie
- University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | - Neil R Cashman
- University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- ProMIS Neurosciences, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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5
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García Morato J, Gloeckner CJ, Kahle PJ. Proteomics elucidating physiological and pathological functions of TDP-43. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2200410. [PMID: 37671599 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Trans-activation response DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) regulates a great variety of cellular processes in the nucleus and cytosol. In addition, a defined subset of neurodegenerative diseases is characterized by nuclear depletion of TDP-43 as well as cytosolic mislocalization and aggregation. To perform its diverse functions TDP-43 can associate with different ribonucleoprotein complexes. Combined with transcriptomics, MS interactome studies have unveiled associations between TDP-43 and the spliceosome machinery, polysomes and RNA granules. Moreover, the highly dynamic, low-valency interactions regulated by its low-complexity domain calls for innovative proximity labeling methodologies. In addition to protein partners, the analysis of post-translational modifications showed that they may play a role in the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, RNA binding, liquid-liquid phase separation and protein aggregation of TDP-43. Here we review the various TDP-43 ribonucleoprotein complexes characterized so far, how they contribute to the diverse functions of TDP-43, and roles of post-translational modifications. Further understanding of the fluid dynamic properties of TDP-43 in ribonucleoprotein complexes, RNA granules, and self-assemblies will advance the understanding of RNA processing in cells and perhaps help to develop novel therapeutic approaches for TDPopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge García Morato
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration, German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Johannes Gloeckner
- Research Group Functional Neuroproteomics, German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
- Core Facility for Medical Bioanalytics, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Center for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp J Kahle
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration, German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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6
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Wang S, Sun S. Translation dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases: a focus on ALS. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:58. [PMID: 37626421 PMCID: PMC10464328 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00642-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA translation is tightly controlled in eukaryotic cells to regulate gene expression and maintain proteome homeostasis. RNA binding proteins, translation factors, and cell signaling pathways all modulate the translation process. Defective translation is involved in multiple neurological diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and poses a major public health challenge worldwide. Over the past few years, tremendous advances have been made in the understanding of the genetics and pathogenesis of ALS. Dysfunction of RNA metabolisms, including RNA translation, has been closely associated with ALS. Here, we first introduce the general mechanisms of translational regulation under physiological and stress conditions and review well-known examples of translation defects in neurodegenerative diseases. We then focus on ALS-linked genes and discuss the recent progress on how translation is affected by various mutant genes and the repeat expansion-mediated non-canonical translation in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Wang
- Department of Physiology and Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shuying Sun
- Department of Physiology and Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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7
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Patni D, Jha SK. Thermodynamic modulation of folding and aggregation energy landscape by DNA binding of functional domains of TDP-43. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2023; 1871:140916. [PMID: 37061152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
TDP-43 is a vital nucleic acid binding protein which forms stress-induced aberrant aggregates in around 97% cases of ALS, a fatal neurodegenerative disease. The functional tandem RRM domain of the protein (TDP-43tRRM) has been shown to undergo amyloid-like aggregation under stress in a pH-dependent fashion. However, the underlying thermodynamic and molecular basis of aggregation and how the energy landscape of folding, stability, and aggregation are coupled and modulated by nucleic acid binding is poorly understood. Here, we show that the pH stress thermodynamically destabilizes the native protein and systematically populates the unfolded-like aggregation-prone molecules which leads to amyloid-like aggregation. We observed that specific DNA binding inhibits aggregation and populates native-like compact monomeric state even under low-pH stress as measured by circular dichroism, ANS binding, size exclusion chromatography, and transmission electron microscopy. We show that DNA-binding thermodynamically stabilizes and populates the native state even under stress and reduces the population of unfolded-like aggregation-prone molecules which leads to systematic aggregation inhibition. Our results suggest that thermodynamic modulation of the folding and aggregation energy landscape by nucleic-acid-like molecules could be a promising approach for effective therapeutic intervention in TDP-43-associated proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Patni
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Jha
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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8
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Ionescu A, Altman T, Perlson E. Looking for answers far away from the soma-the (un)known axonal functions of TDP-43, and their contribution to early NMJ disruption in ALS. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:35. [PMID: 37259156 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Axon degeneration and Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ) disruption are key pathologies in the fatal neurodegenerative disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Despite accumulating evidence that axons and NMJs are impacted at a very early stage of the disease, current knowledge about the mechanisms leading to their degeneration remains elusive. Cytoplasmic mislocalization and accumulation of the protein TDP-43 are considered key pathological hallmarks of ALS, as they occur in ~ 97% of ALS patients, both sporadic and familial. Recent studies have identified pathological accumulation of TDP-43 in intramuscular nerves of muscle biopsies collected from pre-diagnosed, early symptomatic ALS patients. These findings suggest a gain of function for TDP-43 in axons, which might facilitate early NMJ disruption. In this review, we dissect the process leading to axonal TDP-43 accumulation and phosphorylation, discuss the known and hypothesized roles TDP-43 plays in healthy axons, and review possible mechanisms that connect TDP-43 pathology to the axon and NMJ degeneration in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Ionescu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Room 605, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Topaz Altman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Room 605, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Perlson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Room 605, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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9
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Oudart M, Avila-Gutierrez K, Moch C, Dossi E, Milior G, Boulay AC, Gaudey M, Moulard J, Lombard B, Loew D, Bemelmans AP, Rouach N, Chapat C, Cohen-Salmon M. The ribosome-associated protein RACK1 represses Kir4.1 translation in astrocytes and influences neuronal activity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112456. [PMID: 37126448 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of translation in astrocytes, the main glial cells in the brain, remains poorly characterized. We developed a high-throughput proteomics screen for polysome-associated proteins in astrocytes and focused on ribosomal protein receptor of activated protein C kinase 1 (RACK1), a critical factor in translational regulation. In astrocyte somata and perisynaptic astrocytic processes (PAPs), RACK1 preferentially binds to a number of mRNAs, including Kcnj10, encoding the inward-rectifying potassium (K+) channel Kir4.1. By developing an astrocyte-specific, conditional RACK1 knockout mouse model, we show that RACK1 represses production of Kir4.1 in hippocampal astrocytes and PAPs. Upregulation of Kir4.1 in the absence of RACK1 increases astrocytic Kir4.1-mediated K+ currents and volume. It also modifies neuronal activity attenuating burst frequency and duration. Reporter-based assays reveal that RACK1 controls Kcnj10 translation through the transcript's 5' untranslated region. Hence, translational regulation by RACK1 in astrocytes represses Kir4.1 expression and influences neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Oudart
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Labex Memolife, Paris, France
| | - Katia Avila-Gutierrez
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Labex Memolife, Paris, France
| | - Clara Moch
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Elena Dossi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Labex Memolife, Paris, France
| | - Giampaolo Milior
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Labex Memolife, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Cécile Boulay
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Labex Memolife, Paris, France
| | - Mathis Gaudey
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Labex Memolife, Paris, France
| | - Julien Moulard
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Labex Memolife, Paris, France
| | - Bérangère Lombard
- CurieCoreTech Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Institut Curie, University PSL, Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- CurieCoreTech Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Institut Curie, University PSL, Paris, France
| | - Alexis-Pierre Bemelmans
- CEA, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nathalie Rouach
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Labex Memolife, Paris, France
| | - Clément Chapat
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Salmon
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Labex Memolife, Paris, France.
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10
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Piol D, Robberechts T, Da Cruz S. Lost in local translation: TDP-43 and FUS in axonal/neuromuscular junction maintenance and dysregulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuron 2023; 111:1355-1380. [PMID: 36963381 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Key early features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are denervation of neuromuscular junctions and axonal degeneration. Motor neuron homeostasis relies on local translation through controlled regulation of axonal mRNA localization, transport, and stability. Yet the composition of the local transcriptome, translatome (mRNAs locally translated), and proteome during health and disease remains largely unexplored. This review covers recent discoveries on axonal translation as a critical mechanism for neuronal maintenance/survival. We focus on two RNA binding proteins, transactive response DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS), whose mutations cause ALS and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Emerging evidence points to their essential role in the maintenance of axons and synapses, including mRNA localization, transport, and local translation, and whose dysfunction may contribute to ALS. Finally, we describe recent advances in omics-based approaches mapping compartment-specific local RNA and protein compositions, which will be invaluable to elucidate fundamental local processes and identify key targets for therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Piol
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tessa Robberechts
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Da Cruz
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
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11
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Cabral AJ, Costello DC, Farny NG. The enigma of ultraviolet radiation stress granules: Research challenges and new perspectives. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1066650. [DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1066650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are non-membrane bound cytoplasmic condensates that form in response to a variety of different stressors. Canonical SGs are thought to have a cytoprotective role, reallocating cellular resources during stress by activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) to inhibit translation and avoid apoptosis. However, different stresses result in compositionally distinct, non-canonical SG formation that is likely pro-apoptotic, though the exact function(s) of both SGs subtypes remain unclear. A unique non-canonical SG subtype is triggered upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. While it is generally agreed that UV SGs are bona fide SGs due to their dependence upon the core SG nucleating protein Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1 (G3BP1), the localization of other key components of UV SGs are unknown or under debate. Further, the dynamics of UV SGs are not known, though unique properties such as cell cycle dependence have been observed. This Perspective compiles the available information on SG subtypes and on UV SGs in particular in an attempt to understand the formation, dynamics, and function of these mysterious stress-specific complexes. We identify key gaps in knowledge related to UV SGs, and examine the unique aspects of their formation. We propose that more thorough knowledge of the distinct properties of UV SGs will lead to new avenues of understanding of the function of SGs, as well as their roles in disease.
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12
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Gelon PA, Dutchak PA, Sephton CF. Synaptic dysfunction in ALS and FTD: anatomical and molecular changes provide insights into mechanisms of disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1000183. [PMID: 36263379 PMCID: PMC9575515 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic loss is a pathological feature of all neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). ALS is a disease of the cortical and spinal motor neurons resulting in fatal paralysis due to denervation of muscles. FTD is a form of dementia that primarily affects brain regions controlling cognition, language and behavior. Once classified as two distinct diseases, ALS and FTD are now considered as part of a common disease spectrum based on overlapping clinical, pathological and genetic evidence. At the cellular level, aggregation of common proteins and overlapping gene susceptibilities are shared in both ALS and FTD. Despite the convergence of these two fields of research, the underlying disease mechanisms remain elusive. However, recent discovers from ALS and FTD patient studies and models of ALS/FTD strongly suggests that synaptic dysfunction is an early event in the disease process and a unifying hallmark of these diseases. This review provides a summary of the reported anatomical and cellular changes that occur in cortical and spinal motor neurons in ALS and FTD tissues and models of disease. We also highlight studies that identify changes in the proteome and transcriptome of ALS and FTD models and provide a conceptual overview of the processes that contribute to synaptic dysfunction in these diseases. Due to space limitations and the vast number of publications in the ALS and FTD fields, many articles have not been discussed in this review. As such, this review focuses on the three most common shared mutations in ALS and FTD, the hexanucleuotide repeat expansion within intron 1 of chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72), transactive response DNA binding protein 43 (TARDBP or TDP-43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS), with the intention of highlighting common pathways that promote synaptic dysfunction in the ALS-FTD disease spectrum.
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13
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Tran NN, Lee BH. Functional implication of ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating mechanisms in TDP-43 proteinopathies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:931968. [PMID: 36158183 PMCID: PMC9500471 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.931968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease in which motor neurons in spinal cord and motor cortex are progressively lost. About 15% cases of ALS also develop the frontotemporal dementia (FTD), in which the frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) occurs in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. Among the pathologic commonalities in ALS and FTD is ubiquitin-positive cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43 that may reflect both its loss-of-function and gain-of-toxicity from proteostasis impairment. Deep understanding of how protein quality control mechanisms regulate TDP-43 proteinopathies still remains elusive. Recently, a growing body of evidence indicates that ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating pathways are critically engaged in the fate decision of aberrant or pathological TDP-43 proteins. E3 ubiquitin ligases coupled with deubiquitinating enzymes may influence the TDP-43-associated proteotoxicity through diverse events, such as protein stability, translocation, and stress granule or inclusion formation. In this article, we recapitulate our current understanding of how ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating mechanisms can modulate TDP-43 protein quality and its pathogenic nature, thus shedding light on developing targeted therapies for ALS and FTD by harnessing protein degradation machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Non-Nuoc Tran
- Department of New Biology, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Lee
- Department of New Biology, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
- Department of New Biology Research Center (NBRC), Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Byung-Hoon Lee,
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14
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Kipper K, Mansour A, Pulk A. Neuronal RNA granules are ribosome complexes stalled at the pre-translocation state. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167801. [PMID: 36038000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The polarized cell morphology of neurons dictates many neuronal processes, including the axodendridic transport of specific mRNAs and subsequent translation. mRNAs together with ribosomes and RNA-binding proteins form RNA granules that are targeted to axodendrites for localized translation in neurons. It has been established that localized protein synthesis in neurons is essential for long-term memory formation, synaptic plasticity, and neurodegeneration. We have used proteomics and electron microscopy to characterize neuronal RNA granules (nRNAg) isolated from rat brain tissues or human neuroblastoma. We show that ribosome containing RNA granules are morula-like structures when visualized by electron microscopy. Crosslinking-coupled mass-spectrometry identified potential G3BP2 binding site on the ribosome near the eIF3d-binding site on the 40S ribosomal subunit. We used cryo-EM to resolve the structure of the ribosome-component of nRNAg. The cryo-EM reveals that predominant particles in nRNAg are 80S ribosomes, resembling the pre-translocation state where tRNA's are in the hybrid A/P and P/E site. We also describe a new kind of principal motion of the ribosome, which we call the rocking motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalle Kipper
- Structural Biology Unit, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Abbas Mansour
- Structural Biology Unit, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Arto Pulk
- Structural Biology Unit, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia.
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15
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Proteostasis Deregulation in Neurodegeneration and Its Link with Stress Granules: Focus on the Scaffold and Ribosomal Protein RACK1. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162590. [PMID: 36010666 PMCID: PMC9406587 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of protein misfolding, deposition, and clearance has been the dominant topic in the last decades of investigation in the field of neurodegeneration. The impairment of protein synthesis, along with RNA metabolism and RNA granules, however, are significantly emerging as novel potential targets for the comprehension of the molecular events leading to neuronal deficits. Indeed, defects in ribosome activity, ribosome stalling, and PQC—all ribosome-related processes required for proteostasis regulation—can contribute to triggering stress conditions and promoting the formation of stress granules (SGs) that could evolve in the formation of pathological granules, usually occurring during neurodegenerating effects. In this review, the interplay between proteostasis, mRNA metabolism, and SGs has been explored in a neurodegenerative context with a focus on Alzheimer’s disease (AD), although some defects in these same mechanisms can also be found in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which are discussed here. Finally, we highlight the role of the receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) in these pathologies and note that, besides its well characterized function as a scaffold protein, it has an important role in translation and can associate to stress granules (SGs) determining cell fate in response to diverse stress stimuli.
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16
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Pun FW, Liu BHM, Long X, Leung HW, Leung GHD, Mewborne QT, Gao J, Shneyderman A, Ozerov IV, Wang J, Ren F, Aliper A, Bischof E, Izumchenko E, Guan X, Zhang K, Lu B, Rothstein JD, Cudkowicz ME, Zhavoronkov A. Identification of Therapeutic Targets for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Using PandaOmics – An AI-Enabled Biological Target Discovery Platform. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:914017. [PMID: 35837482 PMCID: PMC9273868 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.914017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe neurodegenerative disease with ill-defined pathogenesis, calling for urgent developments of new therapeutic regimens. Herein, we applied PandaOmics, an AI-driven target discovery platform, to analyze the expression profiles of central nervous system (CNS) samples (237 cases; 91 controls) from public datasets, and direct iPSC-derived motor neurons (diMNs) (135 cases; 31 controls) from Answer ALS. Seventeen high-confidence and eleven novel therapeutic targets were identified and will be released onto ALS.AI (http://als.ai/). Among the proposed targets screened in the c9ALS Drosophila model, we verified 8 unreported genes (KCNB2, KCNS3, ADRA2B, NR3C1, P2RY14, PPP3CB, PTPRC, and RARA) whose suppression strongly rescues eye neurodegeneration. Dysregulated pathways identified from CNS and diMN data characterize different stages of disease development. Altogether, our study provides new insights into ALS pathophysiology and demonstrates how AI speeds up the target discovery process, and opens up new opportunities for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank W. Pun
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bonnie Hei Man Liu
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xi Long
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hoi Wing Leung
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Geoffrey Ho Duen Leung
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Quinlan T. Mewborne
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Junli Gao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Anastasia Shneyderman
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ivan V. Ozerov
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ju Wang
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Feng Ren
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alexander Aliper
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Evelyne Bischof
- College of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- International Center for Multimorbidity and Complexity in Medicine (ICMC), Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xiaoming Guan
- 4B Technologies Limited, Suzhou BioBay, Suzhou, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Bai Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jeffrey D. Rothstein
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Merit E. Cudkowicz
- Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Merit E. Cudkowicz,
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Alex Zhavoronkov,
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17
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Liao YZ, Ma J, Dou JZ. The Role of TDP-43 in Neurodegenerative Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4223-4241. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Bjork RT, Mortimore NP, Loganathan S, Zarnescu DC. Dysregulation of Translation in TDP-43 Proteinopathies: Deficits in the RNA Supply Chain and Local Protein Production. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:840357. [PMID: 35321094 PMCID: PMC8935057 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.840357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Local control of gene expression provides critical mechanisms for regulating development, maintenance and plasticity in the nervous system. Among the strategies known to govern gene expression locally, mRNA transport and translation have emerged as essential for a neuron’s ability to navigate developmental cues, and to establish, strengthen and remove synaptic connections throughout lifespan. Substantiating the role of RNA processing in the nervous system, several RNA binding proteins have been implicated in both developmental and age dependent neurodegenerative disorders. Of these, TDP-43 is an RNA binding protein that has emerged as a common denominator in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and related disorders due to the identification of causative mutations altering its function and its accumulation in cytoplasmic aggregates observed in a significant fraction of ALS/FTD cases, regardless of etiology. TDP-43 is involved in multiple aspects of RNA processing including splicing, transport and translation. Given that one of the early events in disease pathogenesis is mislocalization from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, several studies have focused on elucidating the pathogenic role of TDP-43 in cytoplasmic translation. Here we review recent findings describing TDP-43 translational targets and potential mechanisms of translation dysregulation in TDP-43 proteinopathies across multiple experimental models including cultured cells, flies, mice and patient derived neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed T. Bjork
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Nicholas P. Mortimore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - Daniela C. Zarnescu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- *Correspondence: Daniela C. Zarnescu,
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19
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Versluys L, Ervilha Pereira P, Schuermans N, De Paepe B, De Bleecker JL, Bogaert E, Dermaut B. Expanding the TDP-43 Proteinopathy Pathway From Neurons to Muscle: Physiological and Pathophysiological Functions. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:815765. [PMID: 35185458 PMCID: PMC8851062 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.815765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein 43, mostly referred to as TDP-43 (encoded by the TARDBP gene) is strongly linked to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). From the identification of TDP-43 positive aggregates in the brains and spinal cords of ALS/FTD patients, to a genetic link between TARBDP mutations and the development of TDP-43 pathology in ALS, there is strong evidence indicating that TDP-43 plays a pivotal role in the process of neuronal degeneration. What this role is, however, remains to be determined with evidence ranging from gain of toxic properties through the formation of cytotoxic aggregates, to an inability to perform its normal functions due to nuclear depletion. To add to an already complex subject, recent studies highlight a role for TDP-43 in muscle physiology and disease. We here review the biophysical, biochemical, cellular and tissue-specific properties of TDP-43 in the context of neurodegeneration and have a look at the nascent stream of evidence that positions TDP-43 in a myogenic context. By integrating the neurogenic and myogenic pathological roles of TDP-43 we provide a more comprehensive and encompassing view of the role and mechanisms associated with TDP-43 across the various cell types of the motor system, all the way from brain to limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Versluys
- Department Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pedro Ervilha Pereira
- Department Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nika Schuermans
- Department Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Boel De Paepe
- Department of Neurology and Neuromuscular Reference Center, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Head and Skin, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan L. De Bleecker
- Department of Neurology and Neuromuscular Reference Center, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Head and Skin, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elke Bogaert
- Department Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Dermaut
- Department Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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20
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TDP-43 pathology: from noxious assembly to therapeutic removal. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 211:102229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Ung CY, Levee TM, Zhang C, Correia C, Yeo KS, Li H, Zhu S. Gene utility recapitulates chromosomal aberrancies in advanced stage neuroblastoma. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3291-3303. [PMID: 35832612 PMCID: PMC9251784 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. Although only a few recurrent somatic mutations have been identified, chromosomal abnormalities, including the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the chromosome 1p and gains of chromosome 17q, are often seen in the high-risk cases. The biological basis and evolutionary forces that drive such genetic abnormalities remain enigmatic. Here, we conceptualize the Gene Utility Model (GUM) that seeks to identify genes driving biological signaling via their collective gene utilities and apply it to understand the impact of those differentially utilized genes on constraining the evolution of NB karyotypes. By employing a computational process-guided flow algorithm to model gene utility in protein–protein networks that built based on transcriptomic data, we conducted several pairwise comparative analyses to uncover genes with differential utilities in stage 4 NBs with distinct classification. We then constructed a utility karyotype by mapping these differentially utilized genes to their respective chromosomal loci. Intriguingly, hotspots of the utility karyotype, to certain extent, can consistently recapitulate the major chromosomal abnormalities of NBs and also provides clues to yet identified predisposition sites. Hence, our study not only provides a new look, from a gene utility perspective, into the known chromosomal abnormalities detected by integrative genomic sequencing efforts, but also offers new insights into the etiology of NB and provides a framework to facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets for this devastating childhood cancer.
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22
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Charif SE, Vassallu MF, Salvañal L, Igaz LM. Protein synthesis modulation as a therapeutic approach for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1423-1430. [PMID: 34916412 PMCID: PMC8771112 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.330593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis is essential for cells to perform life metabolic processes. Pathological alterations of protein content can lead to particular diseases. Cells have an intrinsic array of mechanisms and pathways that are activated when protein misfolding, accumulation, aggregation or mislocalization occur. Some of them (like the unfolded protein response) represent complex interactions between endoplasmic reticulum sensors and elongation factors that tend to increase expression of chaperone proteins and/or repress translation in order to restore protein homeostasis (also known as proteostasis). This is even more important in neurons, as they are very susceptible to harmful effects associated with protein overload and proteostatic mechanisms are less effective with age. Several neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia exhibit a particular molecular signature of distinct, unbalanced protein overload. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia, the majority of cases present intracellular inclusions of ubiquitinated transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43). TDP-43 is an RNA binding protein that participates in RNA metabolism, among other functions. Dysregulation of TDP-43 (e.g. aggregation and mislocalization) can dramatically affect neurons, and this has been linked to disease development. Expression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia TDP-43-related mutations in cellular and animal models has been shown to recapitulate key features of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia disease spectrum. These variants can be causative of degeneration onset and progression. Most neurodegenerative diseases (including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia) have no cure at the moment; however, modulating translation has recently emerged as an attractive approach that can be performed at several steps (i.e. regulating activation of initiation and elongation factors, inhibiting unfolded protein response activation or inducing chaperone expression and activity). This review focuses on the features of protein imbalance in neurodegenerative disorders and the relevance of developing therapeutical compounds aiming at restoring proteostasis. We strive to highlight the importance of research on drugs that, not only restore protein imbalance without compromising translational activity of cells, but are also as safe as possible for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago E Charif
- IFIBIO Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires -CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Florencia Vassallu
- IFIBIO Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires -CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lara Salvañal
- IFIBIO Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires -CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lionel M Igaz
- IFIBIO Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires -CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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23
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Immune Signaling Kinases in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413280. [PMID: 34948077 PMCID: PMC8707599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder of motor neurons in adults, with a median survival of 3-5 years after appearance of symptoms, and with no curative treatment currently available. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is also an adult-onset neurodegenerative disease, displaying not only clinical overlap with ALS, but also significant similarities at genetic and pathologic levels. Apart from the progressive loss of neurons and the accumulation of protein inclusions in certain cells and tissues, both disorders are characterized by chronic inflammation mediated by activated microglia and astrocytes, with an early and critical impact of neurodegeneration along the disease course. Despite the progress made in the last two decades in our knowledge around these disorders, the underlying molecular mechanisms of such non-cell autonomous neuronal loss still need to be clarified. In particular, immune signaling kinases are currently thought to have a key role in determining the neuroprotective or neurodegenerative nature of the central and peripheral immune states in health and disease. This review provides a comprehensive and updated view of the proposed mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and ongoing clinical trials of immune-related kinases that have been linked to ALS and/or FTD, by covering the more established TBK1, RIPK1/3, RACK I, and EPHA4 kinases, as well as other emerging players in ALS and FTD immune signaling.
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24
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Mishra R, Bansal A, Mishra A. LISTERIN E3 Ubiquitin Ligase and Ribosome-Associated Quality Control (RQC) Mechanism. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6593-6609. [PMID: 34590243 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
According to cellular demands, ribosomes synthesize and maintain the desired pool of proteins inside the cell. However, sometimes due to defects in ribosomal machinery and faulty mRNAs, these nascent polypeptides are constantly under threat to become non-functional. In such conditions, cells acquire the help of ribosome-associated quality control mechanisms (RQC) to eliminate such aberrant nascent proteins. The primary regulator of RQC is RING domain containing LISTERIN E3 ubiquitin ligase, which is associated with ribosomes and alleviates non-stop proteins-associated stress in cells. Mouse RING finger protein E3 ubiquitin ligase LISTERIN is crucial for embryonic development, and a loss in its function causes neurodegeneration. LISTERIN is overexpressed in the mouse brain and spinal cord regions, and its perturbed functions generate neurological and motor deficits, but the mechanism of the same is unclear. Overall, LISTERIN is crucial for brain health and brain development. The present article systematically describes the detailed nature, molecular functions, and cellular physiological characterization of LISTERIN E3 ubiquitin ligase. Improve comprehension of LISTERIN's neurological roles may uncover pathways linked with neurodegeneration, which in turn might elucidate a promising novel therapeutic intervention against human neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ribhav Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Anurag Bansal
- Center for Converging Technologies, Jaipur, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302001, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan, 342037, India.
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25
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Altman T, Ionescu A, Ibraheem A, Priesmann D, Gradus-Pery T, Farberov L, Alexandra G, Shelestovich N, Dafinca R, Shomron N, Rage F, Talbot K, Ward ME, Dori A, Krüger M, Perlson E. Axonal TDP-43 condensates drive neuromuscular junction disruption through inhibition of local synthesis of nuclear encoded mitochondrial proteins. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6914. [PMID: 34824257 PMCID: PMC8617040 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mislocalization of the predominantly nuclear RNA/DNA binding protein, TDP-43, occurs in motor neurons of ~95% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, but the contribution of axonal TDP-43 to this neurodegenerative disease is unclear. Here, we show TDP-43 accumulation in intra-muscular nerves from ALS patients and in axons of human iPSC-derived motor neurons of ALS patient, as well as in motor neurons and neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) of a TDP-43 mislocalization mouse model. In axons, TDP-43 is hyper-phosphorylated and promotes G3BP1-positive ribonucleoprotein (RNP) condensate assembly, consequently inhibiting local protein synthesis in distal axons and NMJs. Specifically, the axonal and synaptic levels of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins are reduced. Clearance of axonal TDP-43 or dissociation of G3BP1 condensates restored local translation and resolved TDP-43-derived toxicity in both axons and NMJs. These findings support an axonal gain of function of TDP-43 in ALS, which can be targeted for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Topaz Altman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Ionescu
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Amjad Ibraheem
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dominik Priesmann
- CECAD Research Center and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tal Gradus-Pery
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Luba Farberov
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gayster Alexandra
- Pathology Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Ruxandra Dafinca
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Noam Shomron
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Florence Rage
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, IGMM UMR535, Montpellier, France
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael E Ward
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amir Dori
- Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Marcus Krüger
- CECAD Research Center and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eran Perlson
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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26
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de Mena L, Lopez-Scarim J, Rincon-Limas DE. TDP-43 and ER Stress in Neurodegeneration: Friends or Foes? Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:772226. [PMID: 34759799 PMCID: PMC8573113 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.772226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear depletion, abnormal modification, and cytoplasmic aggregation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) are linked to a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases called TDP-43 proteinopathies, which include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Although our understanding of the physiological function of TDP-43 is rapidly advancing, the molecular mechanisms associated with its pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are important players in TDP-43 pathology. However, while neurons derived from autopsied ALS and FTLD patients revealed TDP-43 deposits in the ER and displayed UPR activation, data originated from in vitro and in vivo TDP-43 models produced contradictory results. In this review, we will explore the complex interplay between TDP-43 pathology, ER stress, and the UPR by breaking down the evidence available in the literature and addressing the reasons behind these discrepancies. We also highlight underexplored areas and key unanswered questions in the field. A better synchronization and integration of methodologies, models, and mechanistic pathways will be crucial to discover the true nature of the TDP-43 and ER stress relationship and, ultimately, to uncover the full therapeutic potential of the UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena de Mena
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, and Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Joshua Lopez-Scarim
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, and Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Diego E Rincon-Limas
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, and Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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27
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Corbet GA, Wheeler JR, Parker R, Weskamp K. TDP43 ribonucleoprotein granules: physiologic function to pathologic aggregates. RNA Biol 2021; 18:128-138. [PMID: 34412568 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1963099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) assemblies are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells and have functions throughout RNA transcription, splicing, and stability. Of the RNA-binding proteins that form RNPs, TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kD (TDP43) is of particular interest due to its essential nature and its association with disease. TDP43 plays critical roles in RNA metabolism, many of which require its recruitment to RNP granules such as stress granules, myo-granules, and neuronal transport granules. Moreover, the presence of cytoplasmic TDP43-positive inclusions is a pathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the pervasiveness of TDP43 aggregates, TDP43 mutations are exceedingly rare, suggesting that aggregation may be linked to dysregulation of TDP43 function. Oligomerization is a part of normal TDP43 function; thus, it is of interest to understand what triggers the irreversible aggregation that is seen in disease. Herein, we examine TDP43 functions, particularly in RNP granules, and the mechanisms which may explain pathological TDP43 aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ada Corbet
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Roy Parker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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28
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Zaepfel BL, Rothstein JD. RNA Is a Double-Edged Sword in ALS Pathogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:708181. [PMID: 34349625 PMCID: PMC8326408 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.708181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects upper and lower motor neurons. Familial ALS accounts for a small subset of cases (<10-15%) and is caused by dominant mutations in one of more than 10 known genes. Multiple genes have been causally or pathologically linked to both ALS and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Many of these genes encode RNA-binding proteins, so the role of dysregulated RNA metabolism in neurodegeneration is being actively investigated. In addition to defects in RNA metabolism, recent studies provide emerging evidence into how RNA itself can contribute to the degeneration of both motor and cortical neurons. In this review, we discuss the roles of altered RNA metabolism and RNA-mediated toxicity in the context of TARDBP, FUS, and C9ORF72 mutations. Specifically, we focus on recent studies that describe toxic RNA as the potential initiator of disease, disease-associated defects in specific RNA metabolism pathways, as well as how RNA-based approaches can be used as potential therapies. Altogether, we highlight the importance of RNA-based investigations into the molecular progression of ALS, as well as the need for RNA-dependent structural studies of disease-linked RNA-binding proteins to identify clear therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Zaepfel
- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Rothstein
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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29
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Lehmkuhl EM, Loganathan S, Alsop E, Blythe AD, Kovalik T, Mortimore NP, Barrameda D, Kueth C, Eck RJ, Siddegowda BB, Joardar A, Ball H, Macias ME, Bowser R, Van Keuren-Jensen K, Zarnescu DC. TDP-43 proteinopathy alters the ribosome association of multiple mRNAs including the glypican Dally-like protein (Dlp)/GPC6. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:52. [PMID: 33762006 PMCID: PMC7992842 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease in which 97% of patients exhibit cytoplasmic aggregates containing the RNA binding protein TDP-43. Using tagged ribosome affinity purifications in Drosophila models of TDP-43 proteinopathy, we identified TDP-43 dependent translational alterations in motor neurons impacting the spliceosome, pentose phosphate and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. A subset of the mRNAs with altered ribosome association are also enriched in TDP-43 complexes suggesting that they may be direct targets. Among these, dlp mRNA, which encodes the glypican Dally like protein (Dlp)/GPC6, a wingless (Wg/Wnt) signaling regulator is insolubilized both in flies and patient tissues with TDP-43 pathology. While Dlp/GPC6 forms puncta in the Drosophila neuropil and ALS spinal cords, it is reduced at the neuromuscular synapse in flies suggesting compartment specific effects of TDP-43 proteinopathy. These findings together with genetic interaction data show that Dlp/GPC6 is a novel, physiologically relevant target of TDP-43 proteinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik M. Lehmkuhl
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St, LSS RM 548A, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Suvithanandhini Loganathan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St, LSS RM 548A, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Eric Alsop
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Alexander D. Blythe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St, LSS RM 548A, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Tina Kovalik
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85013 USA
| | - Nicholas P. Mortimore
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St, LSS RM 548A, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Dianne Barrameda
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St, LSS RM 548A, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Chuol Kueth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St, LSS RM 548A, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Randall J. Eck
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St, LSS RM 548A, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Bhavani B. Siddegowda
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St, LSS RM 548A, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Archi Joardar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St, LSS RM 548A, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Hannah Ball
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St, LSS RM 548A, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Maria E. Macias
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St, LSS RM 548A, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Robert Bowser
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85013 USA
| | | | - Daniela C. Zarnescu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St, LSS RM 548A, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, 1040 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
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30
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Eshraghi M, Karunadharma PP, Blin J, Shahani N, Ricci EP, Michel A, Urban NT, Galli N, Sharma M, Ramírez-Jarquín UN, Florescu K, Hernandez J, Subramaniam S. Mutant Huntingtin stalls ribosomes and represses protein synthesis in a cellular model of Huntington disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1461. [PMID: 33674575 PMCID: PMC7935949 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The polyglutamine expansion of huntingtin (mHTT) causes Huntington disease (HD) and neurodegeneration, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we found that mHtt promotes ribosome stalling and suppresses protein synthesis in mouse HD striatal neuronal cells. Depletion of mHtt enhances protein synthesis and increases the speed of ribosomal translocation, while mHtt directly inhibits protein synthesis in vitro. Fmrp, a known regulator of ribosome stalling, is upregulated in HD, but its depletion has no discernible effect on protein synthesis or ribosome stalling in HD cells. We found interactions of ribosomal proteins and translating ribosomes with mHtt. High-resolution global ribosome footprint profiling (Ribo-Seq) and mRNA-Seq indicates a widespread shift in ribosome occupancy toward the 5' and 3' end and unique single-codon pauses on selected mRNA targets in HD cells, compared to controls. Thus, mHtt impedes ribosomal translocation during translation elongation, a mechanistic defect that can be exploited for HD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Eshraghi
- grid.214007.00000000122199231The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL USA
| | - Pabalu P. Karunadharma
- grid.214007.00000000122199231The Scripps Research Institute, Genomic Core, Jupiter, FL USA
| | - Juliana Blin
- grid.462957.b0000 0004 0598 0706Laboratory of Biology and Cellular Modelling at Ecole Normale Supérieure of Lyon, RNA Metabolism in Immunity and Infection Lab, LBMC, Lyon, France
| | - Neelam Shahani
- grid.214007.00000000122199231The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL USA
| | - Emiliano P. Ricci
- grid.462957.b0000 0004 0598 0706Laboratory of Biology and Cellular Modelling at Ecole Normale Supérieure of Lyon, RNA Metabolism in Immunity and Infection Lab, LBMC, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Nicole Galli
- grid.214007.00000000122199231The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL USA
| | - Manish Sharma
- grid.214007.00000000122199231The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL USA
| | - Uri Nimrod Ramírez-Jarquín
- grid.214007.00000000122199231The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL USA
| | - Katie Florescu
- grid.214007.00000000122199231The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL USA
| | - Jennifer Hernandez
- grid.214007.00000000122199231The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL USA
| | - Srinivasa Subramaniam
- grid.214007.00000000122199231The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL USA
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31
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Guo W, Vandoorne T, Steyaert J, Staats KA, Van Den Bosch L. The multifaceted role of kinases in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: genetic, pathological and therapeutic implications. Brain 2021; 143:1651-1673. [PMID: 32206784 PMCID: PMC7296858 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is the most common degenerative disorder of motor neurons in adults. As there is no cure, thousands of individuals who are alive at present will succumb to the disease. In recent years, numerous causative genes and risk factors for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have been identified. Several of the recently identified genes encode kinases. In addition, the hypothesis that (de)phosphorylation processes drive the disease process resulting in selective motor neuron degeneration in different disease variants has been postulated. We re-evaluate the evidence for this hypothesis based on recent findings and discuss the multiple roles of kinases in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathogenesis. We propose that kinases could represent promising therapeutic targets. Mainly due to the comprehensive regulation of kinases, however, a better understanding of the disturbances in the kinome network in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is needed to properly target specific kinases in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Guo
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven-Stem Cell Institute (SCIL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tijs Vandoorne
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien Steyaert
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kim A Staats
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
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32
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Kumar S, Phaneuf D, Cordeau P, Boutej H, Kriz J, Julien JP. Induction of autophagy mitigates TDP-43 pathology and translational repression of neurofilament mRNAs in mouse models of ALS/FTD. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:1. [PMID: 33413517 PMCID: PMC7792109 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TDP-43 proteinopathy is a pathological hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). So far, there is no therapy available for these neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, the impact of TDP-43 proteinopathy on neuronal translational profile also remains unknown. Methods Biochemical, immunohistology and assay-based studies were done with cell cultures and transgenic mice models. We also used Ribotag with microarray and proteomic analysis to determine the neuronal translational profile in the mice model of ALS/FTD. Results Here, we report that oral administration of a novel analog (IMS-088) of withaferin-A, an antagonist of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-ĸB) essential modulator (NEMO), induced autophagy and reduced TDP-43 proteinopathy in the brain and spinal cord of transgenic mice expressing human TDP-43 mutants, models of ALS/FTD. Treatment with IMS-088 ameliorated cognitive impairment, reduced gliosis in the brain of ALS/FTD mouse models. With the Ribotrap method, we investigated the impact of TDP-43 proteinopathy and IMS-088 treatment on the translation profile of neurons of one-year old hTDP-43A315T mice. TDP-43 proteinopathy caused translational dysregulation of specific mRNAs including translational suppression of neurofilament mRNAs resulting in 3 to 4-fold decrease in levels type IV neurofilament proteins. Oral administration of IMS-088 rescued the translational defects associated with TDP-43 proteinopathy and restored the synthesis of neurofilament proteins, which are essential for axon integrity and synaptic function. Conclusions Our study revealed that induction of autophagy reduces TDP-43 pathology and ameliorates the translational defect seen in mice models of ALS/FTD. Based on these results, we suggest IMS-088 and perhaps other inducers of autophagy should be considered as potential therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders with TDP-43 proteinopathies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13024-020-00420-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, CERVO Brain Research Centre, University Laval, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Quebec City, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Daniel Phaneuf
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, CERVO Brain Research Centre, University Laval, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Quebec City, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Pierre Cordeau
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, CERVO Brain Research Centre, University Laval, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Quebec City, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Hejer Boutej
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, CERVO Brain Research Centre, University Laval, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Quebec City, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Jasna Kriz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, CERVO Brain Research Centre, University Laval, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Quebec City, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Julien
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, CERVO Brain Research Centre, University Laval, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Quebec City, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada.
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33
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Buratti E. Trends in Understanding the Pathological Roles of TDP-43 and FUS Proteins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1281:243-267. [PMID: 33433879 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-51140-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Following the discovery of TDP-43 and FUS involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar dementia (FTLD), the major challenge in the field has been to understand their physiological functions, both in normal and disease conditions. The hope is that this knowledge will improve our understanding of disease and lead to the development of effective therapeutic options. Initially, the focus has been directed at characterizing the role of these proteins in the control of RNA metabolism, because the main function of TDP-43 and FUS is to bind coding and noncoding RNAs to regulate their life cycle within cells. As a result, we now have an in-depth picture of the alterations that occur in RNA metabolism following their aggregation in various ALS/FTLD models and, to a somewhat lesser extent, in patients' brains. In parallel, progress has been made with regard to understanding how aggregation of these proteins occurs in neurons, how it can spread in different brain regions, and how these changes affect various metabolic cellular pathways to result in neuronal death. The aim of this chapter will be to provide a general overview of the trending topics in TDP-43 and FUS investigations and to highlight what might represent the most promising avenues of research in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.
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34
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Shukla T, de la Peña JB, Perish JM, Ploski JE, Stumpf CR, Webster KR, Thorn CA, Campbell ZT. A Highly Selective MNK Inhibitor Rescues Deficits Associated with Fragile X Syndrome in Mice. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:624-639. [PMID: 33006091 PMCID: PMC8116363 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00932-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited source of intellectual disability in humans. FXS is caused by mutations that trigger epigenetic silencing of the Fmr1 gene. Loss of Fmr1 results in increased activity of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. An important downstream consequence is activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase interacting protein kinase (MNK). MNK phosphorylates the mRNA cap-binding protein, eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E). Excessive phosphorylation of eIF4E has been directly implicated in the cognitive and behavioral deficits associated with FXS. Pharmacological reduction of eIF4E phosphorylation is one potential strategy for FXS treatment. We demonstrate that systemic dosing of a highly specific, orally available MNK inhibitor, eFT508, attenuates numerous deficits associated with loss of Fmr1 in mice. eFT508 resolves a range of phenotypic abnormalities associated with FXS including macroorchidism, aberrant spinogenesis, and alterations in synaptic plasticity. Key behavioral deficits related to anxiety, social interaction, obsessive and repetitive activities, and object recognition are ameliorated by eFT508. Collectively, this work establishes eFT508 as a potential means to reverse deficits associated with FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarjani Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - June Bryan de la Peña
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - John M Perish
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Jonathan E Ploski
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | | | | | - Catherine A Thorn
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Zachary T Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
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35
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The role of RNA-binding and ribosomal proteins as specific RNA translation regulators in cellular differentiation and carcinogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:166046. [PMID: 33383105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.166046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tight control of mRNA expression is required for cell differentiation; imbalanced regulation may lead to developmental disorders and cancer. The activity of the translational machinery (including ribosomes and translation factors) regulates the rate (slow or fast) of translation of encoded proteins, and the quality of these proteins highly depends on which mRNAs are available for translation. Specific RNA-binding and ribosomal proteins seem to play a key role in controlling gene expression to determine the differentiation fate of the cell. This demonstrates the important role of RNA-binding proteins, specific ribosome-binding proteins and microRNAs as key molecules in controlling the specific proteins required for the differentiation or dedifferentiation of cells. This delicate balance between specific proteins (in terms of quality and availability) and post-translational modifications occurring in the cytoplasm is crucial for cell differentiation, dedifferentiation and oncogenic potential. In this review, we report how defects in the regulation of mRNA translation can be dependent on specific proteins and can induce an imbalance between differentiation and dedifferentiation in cell fate determination.
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36
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Charif SE, Luchelli L, Vila A, Blaustein M, Igaz LM. Cytoplasmic Expression of the ALS/FTD-Related Protein TDP-43 Decreases Global Translation Both in vitro and in vivo. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:594561. [PMID: 33363456 PMCID: PMC7752804 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.594561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 is a major component of cytoplasmic inclusions observed in neurodegenerative diseases like frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To further understand the role of TDP-43 in mRNA/protein metabolism and proteostasis, we used a combined approach with cellular and animal models overexpressing a cytoplasmic form of human TDP-43 (TDP-43-ΔNLS), recapitulating ALS/FTD features. We applied in HEK293 cells a method for labeling de novo translation, surface sensing of translation (SUnSET), based on puromycin (PURO) incorporation. While control cells displayed robust puromycilation, TDP-43-ΔNLS transfected cells exhibited reduced ongoing protein synthesis. Next, by using a transgenic mouse overexpressing cytoplasmic TDP-43 in the forebrain (TDP-43-ΔNLS mice) we assessed whether cytoplasmic TDP-43 regulates global translation in vivo. Polysome profiling of brain cortices from transgenic mice showed a shift toward non-polysomal fractions as compared to wild-type littermates, indicating a decrease in global translation. Lastly, cellular level translational assessment by SUNSET was performed in TDP-43-ΔNLS mice brain slices. Control mice slices incubated with PURO exhibited robust cytoplasmic PURO signal in layer 5 neurons from motor cortex, and normal nuclear TDP-43 staining. Neurons in TDP-43-ΔNLS mice slices incubated with PURO exhibited high cytoplasmic expression of TDP-43 and reduced puromycilation respect to control mice. These in vitro and in vivo results indicate that cytoplasmic TDP-43 decreases global translation and potentially cause functional/cytotoxic effects as observed in ALS/FTD. Our study provide in vivo evidence (by two independent and complementary methods) for a role of mislocalized TDP-43 in the regulation of global mRNA translation, with implications for TDP-43 proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago E Charif
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica "Bernardo Houssay", (IFIBIO-Houssay), Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Luchelli
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica "Bernardo Houssay", (IFIBIO-Houssay), Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonella Vila
- Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías Blaustein
- Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lionel M Igaz
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica "Bernardo Houssay", (IFIBIO-Houssay), Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Joag H, Ghatpande V, Desai M, Sarkar M, Raina A, Shinde M, Chitale R, Deo A, Bose T, Majumdar A. A role of cellular translation regulation associated with toxic Huntingtin protein. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3657-3670. [PMID: 31796991 PMCID: PMC11105026 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder caused by poly Q repeat expansion in the Huntingtin (Htt) gene. While the Htt amyloid aggregates are known to affect many cellular processes, their role in translation has not been addressed. Here we report that pathogenic Htt expression causes a protein synthesis deficit in cells. We find a functional prion-like protein, the translation regulator Orb2, to be sequestered by Htt aggregates in cells. Co-expression of Orb2 can partially rescue the lethality associated with poly Q expanded Htt. These findings can be relevant for HD as human homologs of Orb2 are also sequestered by pathogenic Htt aggregates. Our work suggests that translation dysfunction is one of the contributors to the pathogenesis of HD and new therapies targeting protein synthesis pathways might help to alleviate disease symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiranmay Joag
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University, Pune, India
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Meghal Desai
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Maitheli Sarkar
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Anshu Raina
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Mrunalini Shinde
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, S. P. Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Ruta Chitale
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, S. P. Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Ankita Deo
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, S. P. Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Tania Bose
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, S. P. Pune University, Pune, India.
| | - Amitabha Majumdar
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University, Pune, India.
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Abstract
RNA-binding proteins are a critical group of multifunctional proteins that precisely regulate all aspects of gene expression, from alternative splicing to mRNA trafficking, stability, and translation. Converging evidence highlights aberrant RNA metabolism as a common pathogenic mechanism in several neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. However, dysregulation of disease-linked RNA-binding proteins results in widespread, often tissue-specific and/or pleiotropic effects on the transcriptome, making it challenging to determine the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to disease pathogenesis. Understanding how splicing misregulation as well as alterations of mRNA stability and localization impact the activity and function of neuronal proteins is fundamental to addressing neurodevelopmental defects and synaptic dysfunction in disease. Here we highlight recent exciting studies that use high-throughput transcriptomic analysis and advanced genetic, cell biological, and imaging approaches to dissect the role of disease-linked RNA-binding proteins on different RNA processing steps. We focus specifically on efforts to elucidate the functional consequences of aberrant RNA processing on neuronal morphology, synaptic activity and plasticity in development and disease. We also consider new areas of investigation that will elucidate the molecular mechanisms RNA-binding proteins use to achieve spatiotemporal control of gene expression for neuronal homeostasis and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shavanie Prashad
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Experimental Pathology Graduate Group, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pallavi P Gopal
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Experimental Pathology Graduate Group, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Proteotoxicity and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165646. [PMID: 32781742 PMCID: PMC7460676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a major burden for our society, affecting millions of people worldwide. A main goal of past and current research is to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying proteotoxicity, a common theme among these incurable and debilitating conditions. Cell proteome alteration is considered to be one of the main driving forces that triggers neurodegeneration, and unraveling the biological complexity behind the affected molecular pathways constitutes a daunting challenge. This review summarizes the current state on key processes that lead to cellular proteotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, providing a comprehensive landscape of recent literature. A foundational understanding of how proteotoxicity affects disease etiology and progression may provide essential insight towards potential targets amenable of therapeutic intervention.
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From the Argonauts Mythological Sailors to the Argonautes RNA-Silencing Navigators: Their Emerging Roles in Human-Cell Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114007. [PMID: 32503341 PMCID: PMC7312461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression has emerged as a fundamental element of transcript homeostasis. Key effectors in this process are the Argonautes (AGOs), highly specialized RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that form complexes, such as the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC). AGOs dictate post-transcriptional gene-silencing by directly loading small RNAs and repressing their mRNA targets through small RNA-sequence complementarity. The four human highly-conserved family-members (AGO1, AGO2, AGO3, and AGO4) demonstrate multi-faceted and versatile roles in transcriptome’s stability, plasticity, and functionality. The post-translational modifications of AGOs in critical amino acid residues, the nucleotide polymorphisms and mutations, and the deregulation of expression and interactions are tightly associated with aberrant activities, which are observed in a wide spectrum of pathologies. Through constantly accumulating information, the AGOs’ fundamental engagement in multiple human diseases has recently emerged. The present review examines new insights into AGO-driven pathology and AGO-deregulation patterns in a variety of diseases such as in viral infections and propagations, autoimmune diseases, cancers, metabolic deficiencies, neuronal disorders, and human infertility. Altogether, AGO seems to be a crucial contributor to pathogenesis and its targeting may serve as a novel and powerful therapeutic tool for the successful management of diverse human diseases in the clinic.
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Xue YC, Ng CS, Xiang P, Liu H, Zhang K, Mohamud Y, Luo H. Dysregulation of RNA-Binding Proteins in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:78. [PMID: 32547363 PMCID: PMC7273501 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic analyses of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have revealed a strong association between mutations in genes encoding many RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), including TARDBP, FUS, hnRNPA1, hnRNPA2B1, MATR3, ATXN2, TAF15, TIA-1, and EWSR1, and disease onset/progression. RBPs are a group of evolutionally conserved proteins that participate in multiple steps of RNA metabolism, including splicing, polyadenylation, mRNA stability, localization, and translation. Dysregulation of RBPs, as a consequence of gene mutations, impaired nucleocytoplasmic trafficking, posttranslational modification (PTM), aggregation, and sequestration by abnormal RNA foci, has been shown to be involved in neurodegeneration and the development of ALS. While the exact mechanism by which dysregulated RBPs contribute to ALS remains elusive, emerging evidence supports the notion that both a loss of function and/or a gain of toxic function of these ALS-linked RBPs play a significant role in disease pathogenesis through facilitating abnormal protein interaction, causing aberrant RNA metabolism, and by disturbing ribonucleoprotein granule dynamics and phase transition. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge on the molecular mechanism by which RBPs are dysregulated and the influence of defective RBPs on cellular homeostasis during the development of ALS. The strategies of ongoing clinical trials targeting RBPs and/or relevant processes are also discussed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chao Xue
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chen Seng Ng
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pinhao Xiang
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Huitao Liu
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kevin Zhang
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yasir Mohamud
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Honglin Luo
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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42
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Romano N, Catalani A, Lattante S, Belardo A, Proietti S, Bertini L, Silvestri F, Catalani E, Cervia D, Zolla L, Sabatelli M, Welshhans K, Ceci M. ALS skin fibroblasts reveal oxidative stress and ERK1/2-mediated cytoplasmic localization of TDP-43. Cell Signal 2020; 70:109591. [PMID: 32126264 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The main hallmark of many forms of familiar and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a reduction in nuclear TDP-43 protein and its inclusion in cytoplasmic aggregates in motor neurons. In order to understand which cellular and molecular mechanisms underlie the mislocalization of TDP-43, we examined human skin fibroblasts from two individuals with familial ALS, both with mutations in TDP-43, and two individuals with sporadic ALS, both without TDP-43 mutations or mutations in other ALS related genes. We found that all ALS fibroblasts had a partially cytoplasmic localization of TDP-43 and had reduced cell metabolism as compared to fibroblasts from apparently healthy individuals. ALS fibroblasts showed an increase in global protein synthesis and an increase in 4E-BP1 and rpS6 phosphorylation, which is indicative of mTORC1 activity. We also observed a decrease in glutathione (GSH), which suggests that oxidative stress is elevated in ALS. ERK1/2 activity regulated the extent of oxidative stress and the localization of TDP-43 in the cytoplasm in all ALS fibroblasts. Lastly, ALS fibroblasts showed reduced stress granule formation in response to H2O2 stress. In conclusion, these findings identify specific cellular and molecular defects in ALS fibroblasts, thus providing insight into potential mechanisms that may also occur in degenerating motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicla Romano
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alessia Catalani
- Department of Molecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via Santa Chiara, 27 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Serena Lattante
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Unità Operativa Complessa di Genetica Medica, 00168 Roma, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Medicina Genomica, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Belardo
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Silvia Proietti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Laura Bertini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Federica Silvestri
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Catalani
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Davide Cervia
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Lello Zolla
- Department of Science and Technology for Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy, University of Tuscia (DAFNE), 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Mario Sabatelli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Neurologia, Dipartimento Scienze dell'invecchiamento, neurologiche, ortopediche e della testa-collo, 00168 Roma, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Neurologia, Centro Clinico NEMO, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Kristy Welshhans
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences and Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44236, USA
| | - Marcello Ceci
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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Ceci M, Mariano V, Romano N. Zebrafish as a translational regeneration model to study the activation of neural stem cells and role of their environment. Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:45-66. [PMID: 30067512 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The review is an overview of the current knowledge of neuronal regeneration properties in mammals and fish. The ability to regenerate the damaged parts of the nervous tissue has been demonstrated in all vertebrates. Notably, fish and amphibians have the highest capacity for neurogenesis, whereas reptiles and birds are able to only regenerate specific regions of the brain, while mammals have reduced capacity for neurogenesis. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a promising model of study because lesions in the brain or complete cross-section of the spinal cord are followed by an effective neuro-regeneration that successfully restores the motor function. In the brain and the spinal cord of zebrafish, stem cell activity is always able to re-activate the molecular programs required for central nervous system regeneration. In mammals, traumatic brain injuries are followed by reduced neurogenesis and poor axonal regeneration, often insufficient to functionally restore the nervous tissue, while spinal injuries are not repaired at all. The environment that surrounds the stem cell niche constituted by connective tissue and stimulating factors, including pro-inflammation molecules, seems to be a determinant in triggering stem cell proliferation and/or the trans-differentiation of connective elements (mainly fibroblasts). Investigating and comparing the neuronal regeneration in zebrafish and mammals may lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms behind neurogenesis, and the failure of the regenerative response in mammals, first of all, the role of inflammation, considered the main inhibitor of the neuronal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Ceci
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, largo dell'Università, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Vittoria Mariano
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicla Romano
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, largo dell'Università, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Birsa N, Bentham MP, Fratta P. Cytoplasmic functions of TDP-43 and FUS and their role in ALS. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 99:193-201. [PMID: 31132467 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS) are RNA binding proteins (RBPs) primarily located in the nucleus, and involved in numerous aspects of RNA metabolism. Both proteins can be found to be depleted from the nucleus and accumulated in cytoplasmic inclusions in two major neurodegenerative conditions, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Recent evidences suggest that, in addition to their nuclear functions, both TDP-43 and FUS are involved in multiple processes in the cytoplasm, including mRNA stability and transport, translation, the stress response, mitochondrial function and autophagy regulation. Here, we review the most recent advances in understanding their functions in the cytoplasm and how these are affected in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicol Birsa
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Matthew Peter Bentham
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Pietro Fratta
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
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Sprovieri T, Ungaro C, Perrone B, Naimo GD, Spataro R, Cavallaro S, La Bella V, Conforti FL. A novel S379A TARDBP mutation associated to late-onset sporadic ALS. Neurol Sci 2019; 40:2111-2118. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-03943-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Prasad A, Bharathi V, Sivalingam V, Girdhar A, Patel BK. Molecular Mechanisms of TDP-43 Misfolding and Pathology in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:25. [PMID: 30837838 PMCID: PMC6382748 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a versatile RNA/DNA binding protein involved in RNA-related metabolism. Hyper-phosphorylated and ubiquitinated TDP-43 deposits act as inclusion bodies in the brain and spinal cord of patients with the motor neuron diseases: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). While the majority of ALS cases (90-95%) are sporadic (sALS), among familial ALS cases 5-10% involve the inheritance of mutations in the TARDBP gene and the remaining (90-95%) are due to mutations in other genes such as: C9ORF72, SOD1, FUS, and NEK1 etc. Strikingly however, the majority of sporadic ALS patients (up to 97%) also contain the TDP-43 protein deposited in the neuronal inclusions, which suggests of its pivotal role in the ALS pathology. Thus, unraveling the molecular mechanisms of the TDP-43 pathology seems central to the ALS therapeutics, hence, we comprehensively review the current understanding of the TDP-43's pathology in ALS. We discuss the roles of TDP-43's mutations, its cytoplasmic mis-localization and aberrant post-translational modifications in ALS. Also, we evaluate TDP-43's amyloid-like in vitro aggregation, its physiological vs. pathological oligomerization in vivo, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), and potential prion-like propagation propensity of the TDP-43 inclusions. Finally, we describe the various evolving TDP-43-induced toxicity mechanisms, such as the impairment of endocytosis and mitotoxicity etc. and also discuss the emerging strategies toward TDP-43 disaggregation and ALS therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Basant K. Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, India
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47
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Romano N, Veronese M, Manfrini N, Zolla L, Ceci M. Ribosomal RACK1 promotes proliferation of neuroblastoma cells independently of global translation upregulation. Cell Signal 2019; 53:102-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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48
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Endo R, Takashima N, Nekooki-Machida Y, Komi Y, Hui KKW, Takao M, Akatsu H, Murayama S, Sawa A, Tanaka M. TAR DNA-Binding Protein 43 and Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 Coaggregation Disrupts Dendritic Local Translation and Mental Function in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:509-521. [PMID: 29752072 PMCID: PMC6123275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases involving protein aggregation often accompany psychiatric symptoms. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) associated with TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) aggregation is characterized by progressive neuronal atrophy in frontal and temporal lobes of cerebral cortex. Furthermore, patients with FTLD display mental dysfunction in multiple behavioral dimensions. Nevertheless, their molecular origin for psychiatric symptoms remains unclear. METHODS In FTLD neurons and mouse models with TDP-43 aggregates, we examined coaggregation between TDP-43 and disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), a key player in the pathology of mental conditions and its effects on local translation in dendrites and psychiatric behaviors. The protein coaggregation and the expression level of synaptic proteins were also investigated with postmortem brains from patients with FTLD (n = 6). RESULTS We found cytosolic TDP-43/DISC1 coaggregates in brains of both FTLD mouse model and patients with FTLD. At the mechanistic levels, the TDP-43/DISC1 coaggregates disrupted the activity-dependent dendritic local translation through impairment of translation initiation and, in turn, reduced synaptic protein expression. Behavioral deficits detected in FTLD model mice were ameliorated by exogenous DISC1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a novel role of the aggregate-prone TDP-43/DISC1 protein complex in regulating local translation, which affects aberrant behaviors relevant to multiple psychiatric dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Endo
- Laboratory for Protein Conformation Diseases, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Japan
| | - Noriko Takashima
- Laboratory for Protein Conformation Diseases, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Japan
| | - Yoko Nekooki-Machida
- Laboratory for Protein Conformation Diseases, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Japan
| | - Yusuke Komi
- Laboratory for Protein Conformation Diseases, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Japan
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wan Hui
- Laboratory for Protein Conformation Diseases, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Japan
| | - Masaki Takao
- Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Japan,Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Akatsu
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, Japan,Department of Medicine for Aging in Place and Community-Based Medical Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Japan
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Motomasa Tanaka
- Laboratory for Protein Conformation Diseases, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan.
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Gershoni-Emek N, Altman T, Ionescu A, Costa CJ, Gradus-Pery T, Willis DE, Perlson E. Localization of RNAi Machinery to Axonal Branch Points and Growth Cones Is Facilitated by Mitochondria and Is Disrupted in ALS. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:311. [PMID: 30233312 PMCID: PMC6134038 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Local protein synthesis in neuronal axons plays an important role in essential spatiotemporal signaling processes; however, the molecular basis for the post-transcriptional regulation controlling this process in axons is still not fully understood. Here we studied the axonal mechanisms underlying the transport and localization of microRNA (miRNA) and the RNAi machinery along the axon. We first identified miRNAs, Dicer, and Argonaute-2 (Ago2) in motor neuron (MN) axons. We then studied the localization of RNAi machinery and demonstrated that mitochondria associate with miR-124 and RNAi proteins in axons. Importantly, this co-localization occurs primarily at axonal branch points and growth cones. Moreover, using live cell imaging of a functional Cy3-tagged miR-124, we revealed that this miRNA is actively transported with acidic compartments in axons, and associates with stalled mitochondria at growth cones and axonal branch points. Finally, we observed enhanced retrograde transport of miR-124-Cy3, and a reduction in its localization to static mitochondria in MNs expressing the ALS causative gene hSOD1G93A. Taken together, our data suggest that mitochondria participate in the axonal localization and transport of RNAi machinery, and further imply that alterations in this mechanism may be associated with neurodegeneration in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noga Gershoni-Emek
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Topaz Altman
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Ionescu
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Tal Gradus-Pery
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dianna E Willis
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, United States.,Brain & Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eran Perlson
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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50
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Ferro D, Yao S, Zarnescu DC. Dynamic duo - FMRP and TDP-43: Regulating common targets, causing different diseases. Brain Res 2018; 1693:37-42. [PMID: 29715444 PMCID: PMC5997554 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
RNA binding proteins play essential roles during development and aging, and are also involved in disease pathomechanisms. RNA sequencing and omics analyses have provided a window into systems level alterations in neurological disease, and have identified RNA processing defects among notable disease mechanisms. This review focuses on two seemingly distinct neurological disorders, the RNA binding proteins they are linked to, and their newly discovered functional relationship. When deficient, Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) causes developmental deficits and autistic behaviors while TAR-DNA Binding Protein (TDP-43) dysregulation causes age dependent neuronal degeneration. Recent findings that FMRP and TDP-43 associate in ribonuclear protein particles and share mRNA targets in neurons highlight the critical importance of translation regulation in synaptic plasticity and provide new perspectives on neuronal vulnerability during lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ferro
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Stephen Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Daniela C Zarnescu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ, United States.
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