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Zhang F, Chen XL, Wang HF, Guo T, Yao J, Jiang ZS, Pei Q. The prognostic significance of ubiquitination-related genes in multiple myeloma by bioinformatics analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:164. [PMID: 38898455 PMCID: PMC11186196 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01937-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoregulatory drugs regulate the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which is the main treatment for multiple myeloma (MM) at present. In this study, bioinformatics analysis was used to construct the risk model and evaluate the prognostic value of ubiquitination-related genes in MM. METHODS AND RESULTS The data on ubiquitination-related genes and MM samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The consistent cluster analysis and ESTIMATE algorithm were used to create distinct clusters. The MM prognostic risk model was constructed through single-factor and multiple-factor analysis. The ROC curve was plotted to compare the survival difference between high- and low-risk groups. The nomogram was used to validate the predictive capability of the risk model. A total of 87 ubiquitination-related genes were obtained, with 47 genes showing high expression in the MM group. According to the consistent cluster analysis, 4 clusters were determined. The immune infiltration, survival, and prognosis differed significantly among the 4 clusters. The tumor purity was higher in clusters 1 and 3 than in clusters 2 and 4, while the immune score and stromal score were lower in clusters 1 and 3. The proportion of B cells memory, plasma cells, and T cells CD4 naïve was the lowest in cluster 4. The model genes KLHL24, HERC6, USP3, TNIP1, and CISH were highly expressed in the high-risk group. AICAr and BMS.754,807 exhibited higher drug sensitivity in the low-risk group, whereas Bleomycin showed higher drug sensitivity in the high-risk group. The nomogram of the risk model demonstrated good efficacy in predicting the survival of MM patients using TCGA and GEO datasets. CONCLUSIONS The risk model constructed by ubiquitination-related genes can be effectively used to predict the prognosis of MM patients. KLHL24, HERC6, USP3, TNIP1, and CISH genes in MM warrant further investigation as therapeutic targets and to combat drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Kunming First People's Hospital, Kunming, 650051, China.
| | - Xiao-Lei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Kunming First People's Hospital, Kunming, 650051, China
| | - Hong-Fang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Kunming First People's Hospital, Kunming, 650051, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Hematology, Kunming First People's Hospital, Kunming, 650051, China
| | - Jin Yao
- Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, China
| | - Zong-Sheng Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Kunming First People's Hospital, Kunming, 650051, China
| | - Qiang Pei
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
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2
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Visuttijai K, Hedberg-Oldfors C, Costello DJ, Bermingham N, Oldfors A. Proteomic profiling of polyglucosan bodies associated with glycogenin-1 deficiency in skeletal muscle. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2024; 50:e12995. [PMID: 38923610 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Polyglucosan storage disorders represent an emerging field within neurodegenerative and neuromuscular conditions, including Lafora disease (EPM2A, EPM2B), adult polyglucosan body disease (APBD, GBE1), polyglucosan body myopathies associated with RBCK1 deficiency (PGBM1, RBCK1) or glycogenin-1 deficiency (PGBM2, GYG1). While the storage material primarily comprises glycans, this study aimed to gain deeper insights into the protein components by proteomic profiling of the storage material in glycogenin-1 deficiency. METHODS We employed molecular genetic analyses, quantitative mass spectrometry of laser micro-dissected polyglucosan bodies and muscle homogenate, immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses in muscle tissue from a 45-year-old patient with proximal muscle weakness from late teenage years due to polyglucosan storage myopathy. RESULTS The muscle tissue exhibited a complete absence of glycogenin-1 due to a novel homozygous deep intronic variant in GYG1 (c.7+992T>G), introducing a pseudo-exon causing frameshift and a premature stop codon. Accumulated proteins in the polyglucosan bodies constituted components of glycogen metabolism, protein quality control pathways and desmin. Muscle fibres containing polyglucosan bodies frequently exhibited depletion of normal glycogen. CONCLUSIONS The absence of glycogenin-1, a protein important for glycogen synthesis initiation, causes storage of polyglucosan that displays accumulation of several proteins, including those essential for glycogen synthesis, sequestosome 1/p62 and desmin, mirroring findings in RBCK1 deficiency. These results suggest shared pathogenic pathways across different diseases exhibiting polyglucosan storage. Such insights have implications for therapy in these rare yet devastating and presently untreatable disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittichate Visuttijai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carola Hedberg-Oldfors
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel J Costello
- Department of Neurology, Cork University Hospital and College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niamh Bermingham
- Department of Neuropathology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anders Oldfors
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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3
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García-Hernández S, de la Higuera Romero L, Ochoa JP, McKenna WJ. Emerging Themes in Genetics of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Current Status and Clinical Application. Can J Cardiol 2024; 40:742-753. [PMID: 38244984 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), defined clinically by the presence of unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), with wall thickness ≥ 1.5 cm, is a phenotype in search of a diagnosis, which is most often a genetically determined, cardiac exclusive, or systemic disorder. Familial evaluation and genetic testing are required for definitive diagnosis. The role of genetic findings in predicting development of disease, outcomes, and increasingly to guide management is evolving with access to larger data sets. The specific mutation and sex of the patient are important determinants that ultimately are likely to guide management. The genetic/familial evaluation is influenced by the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis and the extent/expertise of the genetic laboratory. Genetic testing in a patient with unexplained LVH without systemic manifestations will yield a definite/likely pathogenetic mutation in a sarcomere (30%-50%), regulatory/functional (10%-15%) or metabolic/syndromic (< 5%) gene associated with Mendelian inheritance. The importance of oligo- and polygenic determinants, usually in the absence of Mendelian inheritance, is under investigation with important implications, particularly related to familial evaluation and definition of risk of disease development in relatives of probands. The results of genetic testing are increasingly important in management strategies related to the use of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator for prevention of sudden death, use of myosin inhibitors for refractory symptoms in patients with and without outflow tract obstruction, and-on the immediate horizon-gene therapy. This review will focus on genetic and outcome data in sarcomeric HCM, and minor causative genes with robust evidence of their association will also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Pablo Ochoa
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculades (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Health in Code S.L., A Coruña, Spain
| | - William J McKenna
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain; Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Health in Code S.L., A Coruña, Spain.
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4
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Zhou Y, Zhang Q, Zhao Z, Hu X, You Q, Jiang Z. Targeting kelch-like (KLHL) proteins: achievements, challenges and perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116270. [PMID: 38490062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Kelch-like proteins (KLHLs) are a large family of BTB-containing proteins. KLHLs function as the substrate adaptor of Cullin 3-RING ligases (CRL3) to recognize substrates. KLHLs play pivotal roles in regulating various physiological and pathological processes by modulating the ubiquitination of their respective substrates. Mounting evidence indicates that mutations or abnormal expression of KLHLs are associated with various human diseases. Targeting KLHLs is a viable strategy for deciphering the KLHLs-related pathways and devising therapies for associated diseases. Here, we comprehensively review the known KLHLs inhibitors to date and the brilliant ideas underlying their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangguo Zhou
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ziquan Zhao
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiuqi Hu
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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5
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Lipov A, Jurgens SJ, Mazzarotto F, Allouba M, Pirruccello JP, Aguib Y, Gennarelli M, Yacoub MH, Ellinor PT, Bezzina CR, Walsh R. Exploring the complex spectrum of dominance and recessiveness in genetic cardiomyopathies. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:1078-1094. [PMID: 38666070 PMCID: PMC11041721 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Discrete categorization of Mendelian disease genes into dominant and recessive models often oversimplifies their underlying genetic architecture. Cardiomyopathies (CMs) are genetic diseases with complex etiologies for which an increasing number of recessive associations have recently been proposed. Here, we comprehensively analyze all published evidence pertaining to biallelic variation associated with CM phenotypes to identify high-confidence recessive genes and explore the spectrum of monoallelic and biallelic variant effects in established recessive and dominant disease genes. We classify 18 genes with robust recessive association with CMs, largely characterized by dilated phenotypes, early disease onset and severe outcomes. Several of these genes have monoallelic association with disease outcomes and cardiac traits in the UK Biobank, including LMOD2 and ALPK3 with dilated and hypertrophic CM, respectively. Our data provide insights into the complex spectrum of dominance and recessiveness in genetic heart disease and demonstrate how such approaches enable the discovery of unexplored genetic associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Lipov
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sean J. Jurgens
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Francesco Mazzarotto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mona Allouba
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Aswan Heart Centre, Magdi Yacoub Heart Foundation, Aswan, Egypt
| | - James P. Pirruccello
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Yasmine Aguib
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Aswan Heart Centre, Magdi Yacoub Heart Foundation, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Genetics Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Magdi H. Yacoub
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Aswan Heart Centre, Magdi Yacoub Heart Foundation, Aswan, Egypt
- Harefield Heart Science Centre, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Patrick T. Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Demoulas Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Connie R. Bezzina
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roddy Walsh
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Vermeer MC, Arevalo Gomez KF, Hoes MF, Tromp J, Verdonschot JA, Henkens MT, Silljé HH, Bolling MC, van der Meer P. Clinical Outcome in KLHL24 Cardiomyopathy. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2023; 16:401-403. [PMID: 37191012 PMCID: PMC10428098 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.122.003998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde C.S.C. Vermeer
- Department of Cardiology (M.C.S.C.V., K.F.A.G., J.T., H.H.W.S., P.v.d.M.), Center for Blistering Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karla F. Arevalo Gomez
- Department of Cardiology (M.C.S.C.V., K.F.A.G., J.T., H.H.W.S., P.v.d.M.), Center for Blistering Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn F. Hoes
- Department of Clinical Genetics (M.F.H., J.A.J.V.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (M.F.H.)
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.F.H., M.T.H.M.H.)
| | - Jasper Tromp
- Department of Cardiology (M.C.S.C.V., K.F.A.G., J.T., H.H.W.S., P.v.d.M.), Center for Blistering Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore & National University Health System (J.T.)
- Duke-NUS medical school Singapore (J.T.)
| | - Job A.J. Verdonschot
- Department of Clinical Genetics (M.F.H., J.A.J.V.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel T.H.M. Henkens
- Department of Cardiology (M.T.H.M.H.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology (M.T.H.M.H.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.F.H., M.T.H.M.H.)
| | - Herman H.W. Silljé
- Department of Cardiology (M.C.S.C.V., K.F.A.G., J.T., H.H.W.S., P.v.d.M.), Center for Blistering Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria C. Bolling
- Department of Dermatology (M.C.B.), Center for Blistering Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology (M.C.S.C.V., K.F.A.G., J.T., H.H.W.S., P.v.d.M.), Center for Blistering Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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7
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Chumakova OS, Baulina NM. Advanced searching for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy heritability in real practice tomorrow. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1236539. [PMID: 37583586 PMCID: PMC10425241 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1236539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disease associated with morbidity and mortality at any age. As studies in recent decades have shown, the genetic architecture of HCM is quite complex both in the entire population and in each patient. In the rapidly advancing era of gene therapy, we have to provide a detailed molecular diagnosis to our patients to give them the chance for better and more personalized treatment. In addition to emphasizing the importance of genetic testing in routine practice, this review aims to discuss the possibility to go a step further and create an expanded genetic panel that contains not only variants in core genes but also new candidate genes, including those located in deep intron regions, as well as structural variations. It also highlights the benefits of calculating polygenic risk scores based on a combination of rare and common genetic variants for each patient and of using non-genetic HCM markers, such as microRNAs that can enhance stratification of risk for HCM in unselected populations alongside rare genetic variants and clinical factors. While this review is focusing on HCM, the discussed issues are relevant to other cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S. Chumakova
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named After E.I. Chazov, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Maeoka Y, Cornelius RJ, McCormick JA. Cullin 3 and Blood Pressure Regulation: Insights From Familial Hyperkalemic Hypertension. Hypertension 2023; 80:912-923. [PMID: 36861484 PMCID: PMC10133098 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.20525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The study of rare monogenic forms of hypertension has led to the elucidation of important physiological pathways controlling blood pressure. Mutations in several genes cause familial hyperkalemic hypertension (also known as Gordon syndrome or pseudohypoaldosteronism type II). The most severe form of familial hyperkalemic hypertension is caused by mutations in CUL3, encoding CUL3 (Cullin 3)-a scaffold protein in an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that tags substrates for proteasomal degradation. In the kidney, CUL3 mutations cause accumulation of the substrate WNK (with-no-lysine [K]) kinase and ultimately hyperactivation of the renal NaCl cotransporter-the target of the first-line antihypertensive thiazide diuretics. The precise mechanisms by which mutant CUL3 causes WNK kinase accumulation have been unclear, but several functional defects are likely to contribute. The hypertension seen in familial hyperkalemic hypertension also results from effects exerted by mutant CUL3 on several pathways in vascular smooth muscle and endothelium that modulate vascular tone. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which wild type and mutant CUL3 modulate blood pressure through effects on the kidney and vasculature, potential effects in the central nervous system and heart, and future directions for investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Maeoka
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Ryan J Cornelius
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - James A McCormick
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
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9
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Maurer C, Boleti O, Najarzadeh Torbati P, Norouzi F, Fowler ANR, Minaee S, Salih KH, Taherpour M, Birjandi H, Alizadeh B, Salih AF, Bijari M, Houlden H, Pittman AM, Maroofian R, Almashham YH, Karimiani EG, Kaski JP, Faqeih EA, Vakilian F, Jamshidi Y. Genetic Insights from Consanguineous Cardiomyopathy Families. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:182. [PMID: 36672924 PMCID: PMC9858866 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited cardiomyopathies are a prevalent cause of heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Both hypertrophic (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are genetically heterogeneous and typically present with an autosomal dominant mode of transmission. Whole exome sequencing and autozygosity mapping was carried out in eight un-related probands from consanguineous Middle Eastern families presenting with HCM/DCM followed by bioinformatic and co-segregation analysis to predict the potential pathogenicity of candidate variants. We identified homozygous missense variants in TNNI3K, DSP, and RBCK1 linked with a dilated phenotype, in NRAP linked with a mixed phenotype of dilated/hypertrophic, and in KLHL24 linked with a mixed phenotype of dilated/hypertrophic and non-compaction features. Co-segregation analysis in family members confirmed autosomal recessive inheritance presenting in early childhood/early adulthood. Our findings add to the mutational spectrum of recessive cardiomyopathies, supporting inclusion of KLHL24, NRAP and RBCK1 as disease-causing genes. We also provide evidence for novel (recessive) modes of inheritance of a well-established gene TNNI3K and expand our knowledge of the clinical heterogeneity of cardiomyopathies. A greater understanding of the genetic causes of recessive cardiomyopathies has major implications for diagnosis and screening, particularly in underrepresented populations, such as those of the Middle East.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Maurer
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Olga Boleti
- Centre for Paediatric Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease, University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | | | - Farzaneh Norouzi
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
| | - Anna Nicole Rebekah Fowler
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Shima Minaee
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Razavi Hospital, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran
| | - Khalid Hama Salih
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Sulaimani University, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq
| | - Mehdi Taherpour
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Razavi Hospital, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran
| | - Hassan Birjandi
- Division of Congenital and Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
| | - Behzad Alizadeh
- Division of Congenital and Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
| | - Aso Faeq Salih
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Sulaimani University, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq
| | - Moniba Bijari
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Alan Michael Pittman
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Yahya H. Almashham
- Pediatric Cardiology, King Salman Heart Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 12231, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, Next Generation Genetic Polyclinic, Mashhad 009851, Iran
| | - Juan Pablo Kaski
- Centre for Paediatric Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease, University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Eissa Ali Faqeih
- Section of Medical Genetics, Children’s Specialist Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 12231, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farveh Vakilian
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
| | - Yalda Jamshidi
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
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10
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Ganekal P, Vastrad B, Vastrad C, Kotrashetti S. Identification of biomarkers, pathways, and potential therapeutic targets for heart failure using next-generation sequencing data and bioinformatics analysis. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 17:17539447231168471. [PMID: 37092838 PMCID: PMC10134165 DOI: 10.1177/17539447231168471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is the most common cardiovascular diseases and the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases related deaths. Increasing molecular targets have been discovered for HF prognosis and therapy. However, there is still an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers. Therefore, we evaluated biomarkers that might aid the diagnosis and treatment of HF. METHODS We searched next-generation sequencing (NGS) dataset (GSE161472) and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by comparing 47 HF samples and 37 normal control samples using limma in R package. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed using the g: Profiler database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was plotted with Human Integrated Protein-Protein Interaction rEference (HiPPIE) and visualized using Cytoscape. Module analysis of the PPI network was done using PEWCC1. Then, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network were constructed by Cytoscape software. Finally, we performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to predict the diagnostic effectiveness of the hub genes. RESULTS A total of 930 DEGs, 464 upregulated genes and 466 downregulated genes, were identified in HF. GO and REACTOME pathway enrichment results showed that DEGs mainly enriched in localization, small molecule metabolic process, SARS-CoV infections, and the citric acid tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and respiratory electron transport. After combining the results of the PPI network miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network, 10 hub genes were selected, including heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 (HSP90AA1), arrestin beta 2 (ARRB2), myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9), heat shock protein 90 alpha family class B member 1 (HSP90AB1), filamin A (FLNA), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1), cullin 4A (CUL4A), YEATS domain containing 4 (YEATS4), and lysine acetyltransferase 2B (KAT2B). CONCLUSIONS This discovery-driven study might be useful to provide a novel insight into the diagnosis and treatment of HF. However, more experiments are needed in the future to investigate the functional roles of these genes in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Ganekal
- Department of General Medicine, Basaveshwara Medical College, Chitradurga, India
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. College of Pharmacy, Gadag, India
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, #253, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, India
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11
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Vermeer MCSC, Al-Shinnag M, Silljé HHW, Gaytan AE, Murrell DF, McGaughran J, Melbourne W, Cowan T, van den Akker PC, van Spaendonck-Zwarts KY, van der Meer P, Bolling MC. A translation re-initiation variant in KLHL24 also causes epidermolysis bullosa simplex and dilated cardiomyopathy via intermediate filament degradation. Br J Dermatol 2022; 187:1045-1048. [PMID: 35975634 PMCID: PMC10087812 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.21832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study shows that gain-of-function variants in KLHL24 causing EBS and DCM, do not only originate in the start-codon and suggest that any nonsense-inducing variant affecting nucleotides c.4_84 will likely cause the same effect on protein level and a similar potential lethal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde C S C Vermeer
- Departments of Cardiology, (Center for Blistering Diseases), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Al-Shinnag
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Herman H W Silljé
- Departments of Cardiology, (Center for Blistering Diseases), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Antonio Esquivel Gaytan
- Departments of Cardiology, (Center for Blistering Diseases), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dedee F Murrell
- Department of Dermatology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julie McGaughran
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wei Melbourne
- Department of Dermatology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy Cowan
- Department of Dermatology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter C van den Akker
- Department of Genetics (Center for Blistering Diseases), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Y van Spaendonck-Zwarts
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Departments of Cardiology, (Center for Blistering Diseases), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maria C Bolling
- Department of Dermatology (Center for Blistering Diseases), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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12
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Towards a Better Understanding of Genotype-Phenotype Correlations and Therapeutic Targets for Cardiocutaneous Genes: The Importance of Functional Studies above Prediction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810765. [PMID: 36142674 PMCID: PMC9503274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants in gene-encoding proteins involved in cell−cell connecting structures, such as desmosomes and gap junctions, may cause a skin and/or cardiac phenotype, of which the combination is called cardiocutaneous syndrome. The cardiac phenotype is characterized by cardiomyopathy and/or arrhythmias, while the skin particularly displays phenotypes such as keratoderma, hair abnormalities and skin fragility. The reported variants associated with cardiocutaneous syndrome, in genes DSP, JUP, DSC2, KLHL24, GJA1, are classified by interpretation guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. The genotype−phenotype correlation, however, remains poorly understood. By providing an overview of variants that are assessed for a functional protein pathology, we show that this number (n = 115) is low compared to the number of variants that are assessed by in silico algorithms (>5000). As expected, there is a mismatch between the prediction of variant pathogenicity and the prediction of the functional effect compared to the real functional evidence. Aiding to improve genotype−phenotype correlations, we separate variants into ‘protein reducing’ or ‘altered protein’ variants and provide general conclusions about the skin and heart phenotype involved. We conclude by stipulating that adequate prognoses can only be given, and targeted therapies can only be designed, upon full knowledge of the protein pathology through functional investigation.
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13
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Nitschke S, Sullivan MA, Mitra S, Marchioni C, Lee JP Y, Smith BH, Ahonen S, Wu J, Chown E, Wang P, Petković S, Zhao X, DiGiovanni LF, Perri AM, Israelian L, Grossman TR, Kordasiewicz H, Vilaplana F, Iwai K, Nitschke F, Minassian BA. Glycogen synthase downregulation rescues the amylopectinosis of murine RBCK1 deficiency. Brain 2022; 145:2361-2377. [PMID: 35084461 PMCID: PMC9612801 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Longer glucan chains tend to precipitate. Glycogen, by far the largest mammalian glucan and the largest molecule in the cytosol with up to 55 000 glucoses, does not, due to a highly regularly branched spherical structure that allows it to be perfused with cytosol. Aberrant construction of glycogen leads it to precipitate, accumulate into polyglucosan bodies that resemble plant starch amylopectin and cause disease. This pathology, amylopectinosis, is caused by mutations in a series of single genes whose functions are under active study toward understanding the mechanisms of proper glycogen construction. Concurrently, we are characterizing the physicochemical particularities of glycogen and polyglucosans associated with each gene. These genes include GBE1, EPM2A and EPM2B, which respectively encode the glycogen branching enzyme, the glycogen phosphatase laforin and the laforin-interacting E3 ubiquitin ligase malin, for which an unequivocal function is not yet known. Mutations in GBE1 cause a motor neuron disease (adult polyglucosan body disease), and mutations in EPM2A or EPM2B a fatal progressive myoclonus epilepsy (Lafora disease). RBCK1 deficiency causes an amylopectinosis with fatal skeletal and cardiac myopathy (polyglucosan body myopathy 1, OMIM# 615895). RBCK1 is a component of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex, with unique functions including generating linear ubiquitin chains and ubiquitinating hydroxyl (versus canonical amine) residues, including of glycogen. In a mouse model we now show (i) that the amylopectinosis of RBCK1 deficiency, like in adult polyglucosan body disease and Lafora disease, affects the brain; (ii) that RBCK1 deficiency glycogen, like in adult polyglucosan body disease and Lafora disease, has overlong branches; (iii) that unlike adult polyglucosan body disease but like Lafora disease, RBCK1 deficiency glycogen is hyperphosphorylated; and finally (iv) that unlike laforin-deficient Lafora disease but like malin-deficient Lafora disease, RBCK1 deficiency's glycogen hyperphosphorylation is limited to precipitated polyglucosans. In summary, the fundamental glycogen pathology of RBCK1 deficiency recapitulates that of malin-deficient Lafora disease. Additionally, we uncover sex and genetic background effects in RBCK1 deficiency on organ- and brain-region specific amylopectinoses, and in the brain on consequent neuroinflammation and behavioural deficits. Finally, we exploit the portion of the basic glycogen pathology that is common to adult polyglucosan body disease, both forms of Lafora disease and RBCK1 deficiency, namely overlong branches, to show that a unified approach based on downregulating glycogen synthase, the enzyme that elongates glycogen branches, can rescue all four diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Nitschke
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mitchell A Sullivan
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Glycation and Diabetes Complications, Mater Research Institute–The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Sharmistha Mitra
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Charlotte R Marchioni
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jennifer P Y Lee
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Brandon H Smith
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Saija Ahonen
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jun Wu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Erin E Chown
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Peixiang Wang
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Sara Petković
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Xiaochu Zhao
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Laura F DiGiovanni
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Ami M Perri
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Lori Israelian
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Tamar R Grossman
- Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Holly Kordasiewicz
- Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Francisco Vilaplana
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Kazuhiro Iwai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Kyoto University School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Felix Nitschke
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Berge A Minassian
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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14
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Epidermolysis Bullosa—A Different Genetic Approach in Correlation with Genetic Heterogeneity. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12061325. [PMID: 35741135 PMCID: PMC9222206 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa is a heterogeneous group of rare genetic disorders characterized by mucocutaneous fragility and blister formation after minor friction or trauma. There are four major epidermolysis bullosa types based on the ultrastructural level of tissue cleavage: simplex, junctional, dystrophic, and Kindler epidermolysis bullosa. They are caused by mutations in genes that encode the proteins that are part of the hemidesmosomes and focal adhesion complex. Some of these disorders can be associated with extracutaneous manifestations, which are sometimes fatal. They are inherited in an autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant manner. This review is focused on the phenomena of heterogeneity (locus, allelic, mutational, and clinical) in epidermolysis bullosa, and on the correlation genotype–phenotype.
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15
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Harvey N, Youssefian L, Saeidian AH, Vahidnezhad H, Uitto J. Pathomechanisms of epidermolysis bullosa: Beyond structural proteins. Matrix Biol 2022; 110:91-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Gumusgoz E, Kasiri S, Guisso DR, Wu J, Dear M, Verhalen B, Minassian BA. AAV-Mediated Artificial miRNA Reduces Pathogenic Polyglucosan Bodies and Neuroinflammation in Adult Polyglucosan Body and Lafora Disease Mouse Models. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:982-993. [PMID: 35347645 PMCID: PMC9294094 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult polyglucosan body disease (APBD) and Lafora disease (LD) are autosomal recessive glycogen storage neurological disorders. APBD is caused by mutations in the glycogen branching enzyme (GBE1) gene and is characterized by progressive upper and lower motor neuron dysfunction and premature death. LD is a fatal progressive myoclonus epilepsy caused by loss of function mutations in the EPM2A or EPM2B gene. These clinically distinct neurogenetic diseases share a common pathology. This consists of time-dependent formation, precipitation, and accumulation of an abnormal form of glycogen (polyglucosan) into gradually enlarging inclusions, polyglucosan bodies (PBs) in ever-increasing numbers of neurons and astrocytes. The growth and spread of PBs are followed by astrogliosis, microgliosis, and neurodegeneration. The key defect in polyglucosans is that their glucan branches are longer than those of normal glycogen, which prevents them from remaining in solution. Since the lengths of glycogen branches are determined by the enzyme glycogen synthase, we hypothesized that downregulating this enzyme could prevent or hinder the generation of the pathogenic PBs. Here, we pursued an adeno-associated virus vector (AAV) mediated RNA-interference (RNAi) strategy. This approach resulted in approximately 15% reduction of glycogen synthase mRNA and an approximately 40% reduction of PBs across the brain in the APBD and both LD mouse models. This was accompanied by improvements in early neuroinflammatory markers of disease. This work represents proof of principle toward developing a single lifetime dose therapy for two fatal neurological diseases: APBD and LD. The approach is likely applicable to other severe and common diseases of glycogen storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Gumusgoz
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Sahba Kasiri
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Dikran R Guisso
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Matthew Dear
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Brandy Verhalen
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Present affiliation: Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Berge A Minassian
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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17
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Roles of Cullin-RING Ubiquitin Ligases in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030416. [PMID: 35327608 PMCID: PMC8946067 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of protein homeostasis is crucial for virtually every aspect of eukaryotic biology. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) represents a highly regulated quality control machinery that protects cells from a variety of stress conditions as well as toxic proteins. A large body of evidence has shown that UPS dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. This review highlights the latest findings regarding the physiological and pathological roles of cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs), an essential player in the UPS, in the cardiovascular system. To inspire potential therapeutic invention, factors regulating CRL activities are also discussed.
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18
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Minor hypertrophic cardiomyopathy genes, major insights into the genetics of cardiomyopathies. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:151-167. [PMID: 34526680 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) was traditionally described as an autosomal dominant Mendelian disease but is now increasingly recognized as having a complex genetic aetiology. Although eight core genes encoding sarcomeric proteins account for >90% of the pathogenic variants in patients with HCM, variants in several additional genes (ACTN2, ALPK3, CSRP3, FHOD3, FLNC, JPH2, KLHL24, PLN and TRIM63), encoding non-sarcomeric proteins with diverse functions, have been shown to be disease-causing in a small number of patients. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous loci in cardiomyopathy case-control studies and biobank investigations of left ventricular functional traits. Genes associated with Mendelian cardiomyopathy are enriched in the putative causal gene lists at these loci. Intriguingly, many loci are associated with both HCM and dilated cardiomyopathy but with opposite directions of effect on left ventricular traits, highlighting a genetic basis underlying the contrasting pathophysiological effects observed in each condition. This overlap extends to rare Mendelian variants with distinct variant classes in several genes associated with HCM and dilated cardiomyopathy. In this Review, we appraise the complex contribution of the non-sarcomeric, HCM-associated genes to cardiomyopathies across a range of variant classes (from common non-coding variants of individually low effect size to complete gene knockouts), which provides insights into the genetic basis of cardiomyopathies, causal genes at GWAS loci and the application of clinical genetic testing.
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19
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Luo Y, Tian L, Lian C, Xu Y. KLHL38 facilitates STS-induced apoptosis in HL-1 cells via myocardin degradation. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:446-462. [PMID: 35112472 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac apoptosis has been identified as one of the main precipitating factors of heart failure (HF) throughout the whole course of progressive disease. Limited to the lack of diagnostic markers and effective drug targets, cardiac apoptosis is still a major clinical challenge. Here, we reveal a potential novel therapeutic target for cardiac apoptosis. In the cause of the study, we found that KLHL38 was highly expressed in cardiac tissue of heart failure patients via GEO data-mining, which was further verified in the heart tissue of TAC mice. Meanwhile, the expression of KLHL38 is negatively correlated with myocardin protein level, which is a key cardiac apoptosis regulator. The KLHL38 overexpression obviously promoted cardiomyocyte apoptosis treated with staurosporine (STS) by facilitation of myocardin's ubiquitylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation. These findings reveal a new therapeutic target which may provide a new theoretical foundation for the treatment of myocardial apoptosis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic diseases, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Tian
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Lian
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yao Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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20
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Lodato V, Parlapiano G, Calì F, Silvetti MS, Adorisio R, Armando M, El Hachem M, Romanzo A, Dionisi-Vici C, Digilio MC, Novelli A, Drago F, Raponi M, Baban A. Cardiomyopathies in Children and Systemic Disorders When Is It Useful to Look beyond the Heart? J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:47. [PMID: 35200700 PMCID: PMC8877723 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy (CMP) is a rare disease in the pediatric population, with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. The genetic etiology of CMPs in children is extremely heterogenous. These two factors play a major role in the difficulties of establishing standard diagnostic and therapeutic protocols. Isolated CMP in children is a frequent finding, mainly caused by sarcomeric gene variants with a detection rate that can reach up to 50% of analyzed cohorts. Complex multisystemic forms of pediatric CMP are even more heterogenous. Few studies in literature take into consideration this topic as the main core since it represents a rarity (systemic CMP) within a rarity (pediatric population CMP). Identifying etiology in this cohort is essential for understanding prognosis, risk stratification, eligibility to heart transplantation and/or mechanical-assisted procedures, preventing multiorgan complications, and relatives' recurrence risk calculation. The previous points represent a cornerstone in patients' empowerment and personalized medical care approach. The aim of this work is to propose a new approach for an algorithm in the setting of the diagnostic framework of systemic pediatric CMP. On the other hand, during the literature review, we noticed a relatively common etiologic pattern in some forms of complex/multisystem CMP. In other words, certain syndromes such as Danon, Vici, Alström, Barth, and Myhre syndrome share a common pathway of directly or indirectly defective "autophagy" process, which appears to be a possible initiating/triggering factor for CMPs. This conjoint aspect could be important for possible prognostic/therapeutic implications in this category of patients. However, multicentric studies detailed functional and experimental models are needed prior to deriving conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lodato
- The European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart, Pediatric Cardiology and Arrhythmia/Syncope Units, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (G.P.); (F.C.); (M.S.S.); (F.D.)
| | - Giovanni Parlapiano
- The European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart, Pediatric Cardiology and Arrhythmia/Syncope Units, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (G.P.); (F.C.); (M.S.S.); (F.D.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Federica Calì
- The European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart, Pediatric Cardiology and Arrhythmia/Syncope Units, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (G.P.); (F.C.); (M.S.S.); (F.D.)
| | - Massimo Stefano Silvetti
- The European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart, Pediatric Cardiology and Arrhythmia/Syncope Units, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (G.P.); (F.C.); (M.S.S.); (F.D.)
| | - Rachele Adorisio
- Heart Failure Clinic-Heart Failure, Heart Transplant, Mechanical Circulatory Support Unit, Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Heart and Lung Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Michela Armando
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - May El Hachem
- Dermatology and Genodermatosis Units, Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonino Romanzo
- Ophtalmology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlo Dionisi-Vici
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Cristina Digilio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Drago
- The European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart, Pediatric Cardiology and Arrhythmia/Syncope Units, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (G.P.); (F.C.); (M.S.S.); (F.D.)
| | - Massimiliano Raponi
- Medical Direction, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anwar Baban
- The European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart, Pediatric Cardiology and Arrhythmia/Syncope Units, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (G.P.); (F.C.); (M.S.S.); (F.D.)
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21
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Logli E, Marzuolo E, D'Agostino M, Conti LA, Lena AM, Diociaiuti A, Dellambra E, Has C, Cianfanelli V, Zambruno G, El Hachem M, Magenta A, Candi E, Condorelli AG. Proteasome-mediated degradation of keratins 7, 8, 17 and 18 by mutant KLHL24 in a foetal keratinocyte model: Novel insight in congenital skin defects and fragility of epidermolysis bullosa simplex with cardiomyopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:1308-1324. [PMID: 34740256 PMCID: PMC9029237 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) with cardiomyopathy (EBS-KLHL24) is an EBS subtype caused by dominantly inherited, gain-of-function mutations in the gene encoding for the ubiquitin-ligase KLHL24, which addresses specific proteins to proteasomal degradation. EBS-KLHL24 patients are born with extensive denuded skin areas and skin fragility. Whilst skin fragility rapidly ameliorates, atrophy and scarring develop over time, accompanied by life-threatening cardiomyopathy. To date, pathogenetic mechanisms underlying such a unique disease phenotype are not fully characterized. The basal keratin 14 (K14) has been indicated as a KLHL24 substrate in keratinocytes. However, EBS-KLHL24 pathobiology cannot be determined by the mutation-enhanced disruption of K14 alone, as K14 is similarly expressed in foetal and postnatal epidermis and its protein levels are preserved both in vivo and in vitro disease models. In this study, we focused on foetal keratins as additional KLHL24 substrates. We showed that K7, K8, K17 and K18 protein levels are markedly reduced via proteasome degradation in normal foetal keratinocytes transduced with the mutant KLHL24 protein (ΔN28-KLHL24) as compared to control cells expressing the wild-type form. In addition, heat stress led to keratin network defects and decreased resilience in ΔN28-KLHL24 cells. The KLHL24-mediated degradation of foetal keratins could contribute to congenital skin defects in EBS-KLHL24. Furthermore, we observed that primary keratinocytes from EBS-KLHL24 patients undergo accelerated clonal conversion with reduced colony forming efficiency (CFE) and early replicative senescence. Finally, our findings pointed out a reduced CFE in ΔN28-KLHL24-transduced foetal keratinocytes as compared to controls, suggesting that mutant KLHL24 contributes to patients’ keratinocyte clonogenicity impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Logli
- Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Marzuolo
- Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco D'Agostino
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Libenzio Adrian Conti
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Lena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Diociaiuti
- Dermatology Unit and Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valentina Cianfanelli
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Zambruno
- Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - May El Hachem
- Dermatology Unit and Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Magenta
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Giuseppe Condorelli
- Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
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22
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LUBAC: a new player in polyglucosan body disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2443-2454. [PMID: 34709403 PMCID: PMC8589444 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Altered protein ubiquitination is associated with the pathobiology of numerous diseases; however, its involvement in glycogen metabolism and associated polyglucosan body (PB) disease has not been investigated in depth. In PB disease, excessively long and less branched glycogen chains (polyglucosan bodies, PBs) are formed, which precipitate in different tissues causing myopathy, cardiomyopathy and/or neurodegeneration. Linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) is a multi-protein complex composed of two E3 ubiquitin ligases HOIL-1L and HOIP and an adaptor protein SHARPIN. Together they are responsible for M1-linked ubiquitination of substrates primarily related to immune signaling and cell death pathways. Consequently, severe immunodeficiency is a hallmark of many LUBAC deficient patients. Remarkably, all HOIL-1L deficient patients exhibit accumulation of PBs in different organs especially skeletal and cardiac muscle resulting in myopathy and cardiomyopathy with heart failure. This emphasizes LUBAC's important role in glycogen metabolism. To date, neither a glycogen metabolism-related LUBAC substrate nor the molecular mechanism are known. Hence, current reviews on LUBAC's involvement in glycogen metabolism are lacking. Here, we aim to fill this gap by describing LUBAC's involvement in PB disease. We present a comprehensive review of LUBAC structure, its role in M1-linked and other types of atypical ubiquitination, PB pathology in human patients and findings in new mouse models to study the disease. We conclude the review with recent drug developments and near-future gene-based therapeutic approaches to treat LUBAC related PB disease.
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23
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Thomsen C, Malfatti E, Jovanovic A, Roberts M, Kalev O, Lindberg C, Oldfors A. Proteomic characterisation of polyglucosan bodies in skeletal muscle in RBCK1 deficiency. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 48:e12761. [PMID: 34405429 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Several neurodegenerative and neuromuscular disorders are characterised by storage of polyglucosan, consisting of proteins and amylopectin-like polysaccharides, which are less branched than in normal glycogen. Such diseases include Lafora disease, branching enzyme deficiency, glycogenin-1 deficiency, polyglucosan body myopathy type 1 (PGBM1) due to RBCK1 deficiency and others. The protein composition of polyglucosan bodies is largely unknown. METHODS We combined quantitative mass spectrometry, immunohistochemical and western blot analyses to identify the principal protein components of polyglucosan bodies in PGBM1. Histologically stained tissue sections of skeletal muscle from four patients were used to isolate polyglucosan deposits and control regions by laser microdissection. Prior to mass spectrometry, samples were labelled with tandem mass tags that enable quantitative comparison and multiplexed analysis of dissected samples. To study the distribution and expression of the accumulated proteins, immunohistochemical and western blot analyses were performed. RESULTS Accumulated proteins were mainly components of glycogen metabolism and protein quality control pathways. The majority of fibres showed depletion of glycogen and redistribution of key enzymes of glycogen metabolism to the polyglucosan bodies. The polyglucosan bodies also showed accumulation of proteins involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagocytosis systems and protein chaperones. CONCLUSIONS The sequestration of key enzymes of glycogen metabolism to the polyglucosan bodies may explain the glycogen depletion in the fibres and muscle function impairment. The accumulation of components of the protein quality control systems and other proteins frequently found in protein aggregate disorders indicates that protein aggregation may be an essential part of the pathobiology of polyglucosan storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christer Thomsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Edoardo Malfatti
- APHP, North-East-Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Pathology Reference Center, Henri-Mondor University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ana Jovanovic
- The Mark Holland Metabolic Unit, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Mark Roberts
- Department of Neurology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Ognian Kalev
- Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Hospital (Klinikum), Linz, Austria
| | | | - Anders Oldfors
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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24
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Vermeer MC, Bolling MC, Bliley JM, Gomez KFA, Pavez-Giani MG, Kramer D, Romero-Herrera PH, Westenbrink BD, Diercks GF, van den Berg MP, Feinberg AW, Silljé HH, van der Meer P. Gain-of-function mutation in ubiquitin-ligase KLHL24 causes desmin degradation and dilatation in hiPSC-derived engineered heart tissues. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140615. [PMID: 34292882 PMCID: PMC8409593 DOI: 10.1172/jci140615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The start codon c.1A>G mutation in KLHL24, encoding ubiquitin-ligase KLHL24, results in the loss of 28 N-terminal amino acids (KLHL24-ΔN28) by skipping the initial start codon. In skin, KLHL24-ΔN28 leads to gain of function, excessively targeting intermediate filament keratin-14 for proteasomal degradation, ultimately causing epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS). The majority of these EBS-patients are also diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), but the pathological mechanism in the heart is unknown. As desmin is the cardiac homologue of keratin-14, we hypothesized that KLHL24-ΔN28 leads to excessive degradation of desmin, resulting in DCM. Dynamically loaded engineered heart tissues (dyn-EHTs) were generated from human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes from two patients and three (non)familial controls. Ten-fold lower desmin protein levels were observed in patient-derived dyn-EHTs, in line with diminished desmin levels detected in patients' explanted heart. This was accompanied by tissue dilatation, impaired mitochondrial function, decreased force values and increased cardiomyocyte stress. HEK293 transfection studies confirmed KLHL24-mediated desmin degradation. KLHL24 RNA interference or direct desmin overexpression recovered desmin protein levels, restoring morphology and function in patient-derived dyn-EHTs. To conclude, presence of KLHL24-ΔN28 in cardiomyocytes leads to excessive degradation of desmin, affecting tissue morphology and function, that can be prevented by restoring desmin protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria C. Bolling
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M. Bliley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Duco Kramer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Gilles F.H. Diercks
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Adam W. Feinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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25
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Monasky MM, Micaglio E, Ignaccolo S, Pappone C. Further Considerations in Childhood-Onset Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Genetic Testing. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:698078. [PMID: 34235191 PMCID: PMC8255358 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.698078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Monasky
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Micaglio
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Ignaccolo
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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26
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Laforêt P, Oldfors A, Malfatti E, Vissing J. 251st ENMC international workshop: Polyglucosan storage myopathies 13-15 December 2019, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:466-477. [PMID: 33602551 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Laforêt
- Neurology Unit, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Anders Oldfors
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Edoardo Malfatti
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - John Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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27
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Li J, Zou J, Littlejohn R, Liu J, Su H. Neddylation, an Emerging Mechanism Regulating Cardiac Development and Function. Front Physiol 2020; 11:612927. [PMID: 33391028 PMCID: PMC7773599 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.612927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in protein quality control have been increasingly recognized as pathogenic factors in the development of heart failure, a persistent devastating disease lacking efficacious therapies. Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins, a family of post-translational modifying polypeptides, play important roles in controlling protein quality by maintaining the stability and functional diversity of the proteome. NEDD8 (neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated 8), a small ubiquitin-like protein, was discovered two decades ago but until recently the biological significance of NEDD8 modifications (neddylation) in the heart has not been appreciated. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the biology of neddylation, highlighting several mechanisms by which neddylation regulates the function of its downstream targets, and discuss the expanding roles for neddylation in cardiac physiology and disease, with an emphasis on cardiac protein quality control. Finally, we outline challenges linked to the study of neddylation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jianqiu Zou
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Rodney Littlejohn
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huabo Su
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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28
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246th ENMC International Workshop: Protein aggregate myopathies 24-26 May 2019, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2020; 31:158-166. [PMID: 33303357 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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29
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Ehrlich KC, Baribault C, Ehrlich M. Epigenetics of Muscle- and Brain-Specific Expression of KLHL Family Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8394. [PMID: 33182325 PMCID: PMC7672584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
KLHL and the related KBTBD genes encode components of the Cullin-E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and typically target tissue-specific proteins for degradation, thereby affecting differentiation, homeostasis, metabolism, cell signaling, and the oxidative stress response. Despite their importance in cell function and disease (especially, KLHL40, KLHL41, KBTBD13, KEAP1, and ENC1), previous studies of epigenetic factors that affect transcription were predominantly limited to promoter DNA methylation. Using diverse tissue and cell culture whole-genome profiles, we examined 17 KLHL or KBTBD genes preferentially expressed in skeletal muscle or brain to identify tissue-specific enhancer and promoter chromatin, open chromatin (DNaseI hypersensitivity), and DNA hypomethylation. Sixteen of the 17 genes displayed muscle- or brain-specific enhancer chromatin in their gene bodies, and most exhibited specific intergenic enhancer chromatin as well. Seven genes were embedded in super-enhancers (particularly strong, tissue-specific clusters of enhancers). The enhancer chromatin regions typically displayed foci of DNA hypomethylation at peaks of open chromatin. In addition, we found evidence for an intragenic enhancer in one gene upregulating expression of its neighboring gene, specifically for KLHL40/HHATL and KLHL38/FBXO32 gene pairs. Many KLHL/KBTBD genes had tissue-specific promoter chromatin at their 5' ends, but surprisingly, two (KBTBD11 and KLHL31) had constitutively unmethylated promoter chromatin in their 3' exons that overlaps a retrotransposed KLHL gene. Our findings demonstrate the importance of expanding epigenetic analyses beyond the 5' ends of genes in studies of normal and abnormal gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C. Ehrlich
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Carl Baribault
- Center for Research and Scientific Computing (CRSC), Tulane University Information Technology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Melanie Ehrlich
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Tulane Cancer Center, Hayward Genetics Program, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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30
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Al-Hassnan ZN, Almesned A, Tulbah S, Alakhfash A, Alhadeq F, Alruwaili N, Alkorashy M, Alhashem A, Alrashdan A, Faqeih E, Alkhalifi SM, Al Humaidi Z, Sogaty S, Azhari N, Bakhaider AM, Al Asmari A, Awaji A, Albash B, Alhabdan M, Alghamdi MA, Alshuaibi W, Al-Hassnan RZ, Alshenqiti A, Alqahtani A, Shinwari Z, Rbabeh M, Takroni S, Alomrani A, Albert Brotons DC, AlQwaee AM, Almanea W, Alfadley FA, Alfayyadh M, Alwadai A. Categorized Genetic Analysis in Childhood-Onset Cardiomyopathy. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2020; 13:504-514. [PMID: 32870709 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.120.002969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood-onset cardiomyopathy is a heterogeneous group of conditions the cause of which is largely unknown. The influence of consanguinity on the genetics of cardiomyopathy has not been addressed at a large scale. METHODS To unravel the genetic cause of childhood-onset cardiomyopathy in a consanguineous population, a categorized approach was adopted. Cases with childhood-onset cardiomyopathy were consecutively recruited. Based on the likelihood of founder mutation and on the clinical diagnosis, genetic test was categorized to either (1) targeted genetic test with targeted mutation test, single-gene test, or multigene panel for Noonan syndrome, or (2) untargeted genetic test with whole-exome sequencing or whole-genome sequencing. Several bioinformatics tools were used to filter the variants. RESULTS Two-hundred five unrelated probands with various forms of cardiomyopathy were evaluated. The median age of presentation was 10 months. In 30.2% (n=62), targeted genetic test had a yield of 82.7% compared with 33.6% for whole-exome sequencing/whole-genome sequencing (n=143) giving an overall yield of 53.7%. Strikingly, 96.4% of the variants were homozygous, 9% of which were found in 4 dominant genes. Homozygous variants were also detected in 7 novel candidates (ACACB, AASDH, CASZ1, FLII, RHBDF1, RPL3L, ULK1). CONCLUSIONS Our work demonstrates the impact of consanguinity on the genetics of childhood-onset cardiomyopathy, the value of adopting a categorized population-sensitive genetic approach, and the opportunity of uncovering novel genes. Our data suggest that if a founder mutation is not suspected, adopting whole-exome sequencing/whole-genome sequencing as a first-line test should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhair N Al-Hassnan
- Cardiovascular Genetics Program (Z.N.A.-H., S. Tulbah, F.A., N. Alruwaili, M. Alkorashy, A. Alqahtani, Z.S., M.R., S. Takroni), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh.,Department of Medical Genetics (Z.N.A.-H., S. Tulbah, A. Alqahtani, S. Takroni), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Z.N.A.-H., A. Alhashem)
| | | | - Sahar Tulbah
- Cardiovascular Genetics Program (Z.N.A.-H., S. Tulbah, F.A., N. Alruwaili, M. Alkorashy, A. Alqahtani, Z.S., M.R., S. Takroni), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh.,Department of Medical Genetics (Z.N.A.-H., S. Tulbah, A. Alqahtani, S. Takroni), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh
| | - Ali Alakhfash
- Prince Sultan Cardiac Centre, Qassim (A. Almesned, A. Alakhfash, A.M.A.)
| | - Faten Alhadeq
- Cardiovascular Genetics Program (Z.N.A.-H., S. Tulbah, F.A., N. Alruwaili, M. Alkorashy, A. Alqahtani, Z.S., M.R., S. Takroni), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh.,Department of Genetics (Z.N.A.-H., F.A., M. Alkorashy), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh
| | - Nadiah Alruwaili
- Cardiovascular Genetics Program (Z.N.A.-H., S. Tulbah, F.A., N. Alruwaili, M. Alkorashy, A. Alqahtani, Z.S., M.R., S. Takroni), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh.,Heart Center (N. Alruwaili, M. Alhabdan, M.R., D.C.A.B., F.A.A., M. Alfayyadh), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh
| | - Maarab Alkorashy
- Cardiovascular Genetics Program (Z.N.A.-H., S. Tulbah, F.A., N. Alruwaili, M. Alkorashy, A. Alqahtani, Z.S., M.R., S. Takroni), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh.,Heart Center (N. Alruwaili, M. Alhabdan, M.R., D.C.A.B., F.A.A., M. Alfayyadh), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh.,Department of Genetics (Z.N.A.-H., F.A., M. Alkorashy), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh
| | - Amal Alhashem
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Medical Military City, Riyadh (A. Alhashem).,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Z.N.A.-H., A. Alhashem)
| | - Ahmad Alrashdan
- Department of Pediatrics, King Salman Specialist Hospital, Hail (A. Alrashdan)
| | - Eissa Faqeih
- Medical Genetics, King Fahad Medical City, Children's Specialist Hospital, Riyadh (E.F., A.A.a.)
| | - Salwa M Alkhalifi
- Pediatrics Department, Maternity & Children's Hospital, Dammam (S.M.A., Z.A.h.)
| | - Zainab Al Humaidi
- Department of Genetics (Z.N.A.-H., F.A., M. Alkorashy), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh.,Pediatrics Department, Maternity & Children's Hospital, Dammam (S.M.A., Z.A.h.)
| | | | | | - Abdulrahman M Bakhaider
- Prince Sultan Cardiac Centre, Qassim (A. Almesned, A. Alakhfash, A.M.A.).,Jeddah East Hospital, Jeddah (A.M.B.)
| | - Ali Al Asmari
- Medical Genetics, King Fahad Medical City, Children's Specialist Hospital, Riyadh (E.F., A.A.a.)
| | - Ali Awaji
- King Fahad Central Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia (A. Awaji)
| | | | | | - Malak A Alghamdi
- Medical Generics Division, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saudi University Hospital (M.A.A., W. Alshuaibi)
| | - Walaa Alshuaibi
- Medical Generics Division, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saudi University Hospital (M.A.A., W. Alshuaibi)
| | - Raghad Z Al-Hassnan
- College of Computer & Information Sciences, King Saud University (R.Z.A.-H.)
| | | | - Aisha Alqahtani
- Cardiovascular Genetics Program (Z.N.A.-H., S. Tulbah, F.A., N. Alruwaili, M. Alkorashy, A. Alqahtani, Z.S., M.R., S. Takroni), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh.,Department of Medical Genetics (Z.N.A.-H., S. Tulbah, A. Alqahtani, S. Takroni), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh
| | - Zarghuna Shinwari
- Cardiovascular Genetics Program (Z.N.A.-H., S. Tulbah, F.A., N. Alruwaili, M. Alkorashy, A. Alqahtani, Z.S., M.R., S. Takroni), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh
| | - Monther Rbabeh
- Cardiovascular Genetics Program (Z.N.A.-H., S. Tulbah, F.A., N. Alruwaili, M. Alkorashy, A. Alqahtani, Z.S., M.R., S. Takroni), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh.,Heart Center (N. Alruwaili, M. Alhabdan, M.R., D.C.A.B., F.A.A., M. Alfayyadh), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh
| | - Saud Takroni
- Cardiovascular Genetics Program (Z.N.A.-H., S. Tulbah, F.A., N. Alruwaili, M. Alkorashy, A. Alqahtani, Z.S., M.R., S. Takroni), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh.,Department of Medical Genetics (Z.N.A.-H., S. Tulbah, A. Alqahtani, S. Takroni), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh
| | | | - Dimpna C Albert Brotons
- Heart Center (N. Alruwaili, M. Alhabdan, M.R., D.C.A.B., F.A.A., M. Alfayyadh), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh
| | | | - Waleed Almanea
- Pediatric Cardiology, Security Forces Hospital (W. Almanea)
| | - Fadel A Alfadley
- Heart Center (N. Alruwaili, M. Alhabdan, M.R., D.C.A.B., F.A.A., M. Alfayyadh), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh
| | - Majid Alfayyadh
- Heart Center (N. Alruwaili, M. Alhabdan, M.R., D.C.A.B., F.A.A., M. Alfayyadh), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh
| | - Abdullah Alwadai
- Heart Failure & Transplant Program, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center (A. Alwadai)
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Wang X, Wang H. Priming the Proteasome to Protect against Proteotoxicity. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:639-648. [PMID: 32589934 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased proteotoxic stress (IPTS) resulting from the increased production or decreased removal of abnormally folded proteins is recognized as an important pathogenic factor for a large group of highly disabling and life-threatening human diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders and many heart diseases. The proteasome is pivotal to the timely removal of abnormal proteins but its functional capacity often becomes inadequate in the disease conditions; consequently, proteasome functional insufficiency in return exacerbates IPTS. Recent research in proteasome biology reveals that the proteasome can be activated by endogenous protein kinases, making it possible to pharmacologically prime the proteasome for treating diseases with IPTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Wang
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.
| | - Hongmin Wang
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
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Kelch-like proteins: Physiological functions and relationships with diseases. Pharmacol Res 2019; 148:104404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Brodehl A, Ebbinghaus H, Deutsch MA, Gummert J, Gärtner A, Ratnavadivel S, Milting H. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes as Models for Genetic Cardiomyopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184381. [PMID: 31489928 PMCID: PMC6770343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, many pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic mutations in over hundred different genes have been described for non-ischemic, genetic cardiomyopathies. However, the functional knowledge about most of these mutations is still limited because the generation of adequate animal models is time-consuming and challenging. Therefore, human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) carrying specific cardiomyopathy-associated mutations are a promising alternative. Since the original discovery that pluripotency can be artificially induced by the expression of different transcription factors, various patient-specific-induced pluripotent stem cell lines have been generated to model non-ischemic, genetic cardiomyopathies in vitro. In this review, we describe the genetic landscape of non-ischemic, genetic cardiomyopathies and give an overview about different human iPSC lines, which have been developed for the disease modeling of inherited cardiomyopathies. We summarize different methods and protocols for the general differentiation of human iPSCs into cardiomyocytes. In addition, we describe methods and technologies to investigate functionally human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we summarize novel genome editing approaches for the genetic manipulation of human iPSCs. This review provides an overview about the genetic landscape of inherited cardiomyopathies with a focus on iPSC technology, which might be of interest for clinicians and basic scientists interested in genetic cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brodehl
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Hans Ebbinghaus
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Marcus-André Deutsch
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Jan Gummert
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Anna Gärtner
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Sandra Ratnavadivel
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
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