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Chen T, Ge Z, Yang X, Wang X, Zuo H, Liao Y, Chen Z, Zhang Z, Chen M, Zhao J, Luo J. Characterization of a new Camellia plant resource with low caffeine and high theobromine for production of a novel natural low-caffeine tea. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101586. [PMID: 39036481 PMCID: PMC11260029 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Yuanbaoshancha (YBSC) is characterized as a new wild tea relative morphologically and phytochemically distinguished from the closest wild tea plants Rongjiangcha (Camellia yungkiangensis, RJC) and Tulecha (Camellia costata, TLC). YBSC young leaves contain higher tea polyphenol and theobromine contents but lower caffeine and theanine as compared with RJC, TLC, and other tea landraces and modern cultivars. The major alkaloid detected in YBSC, TLC, and RJC is theobromine while caffeine is a minor; the primary catechins in YBSC leaves are non-galloylated catechins, significantly different from Camellia sinensis and other low-caffeine tea resources. The unique phytochemical profiles featured YBSC black tea with extremely lower caffeine and higher theobromine, as well as unique flavors and health benefits. This botanical characterization of YBSC and two related low-caffeine wild tea resources lays a foundation for future better utilization for the production of a highly valuable natural low-caffeine/high-theobromine tea. Chemical compounds Caffeine (PubChem CID: 2519); Theobromine (PubChem CID: 5429); Catechins (PubChem CID: 9064); Epigallocatechin gallate (PubChem CID: 65064); Theanine (PubChem CID: 439378); Jasmone (PubChem CID: 1549018); cis-3-Hexenyl hexanoate (PubChem CID: 5352543); Hexyl 2-methylbutanoate (PubChem CID: 24838).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taolin Chen
- Tea College of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhiwen Ge
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Liuzhou, Liuzhou 545001, China
| | - Xuemei Yang
- Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Rongshui, Liuzhou 545300, China
| | - Xifu Wang
- Forestry Research Institute of Liuzhou, Liuzhou 545300, China
| | - Hao Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yinping Liao
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Liuzhou, Liuzhou 545001, China
| | - Zhiping Chen
- Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Rongshui, Liuzhou 545300, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Liuzhou, Liuzhou 545001, China
| | - Meili Chen
- Greening Construction Development Center of Liuzhou, Liuzhou 545001, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Junwu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Lin P, Chai J, Wang A, Zhong H, Wang K. High-Density Genetic Map Construction and Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis of Fruit- and Oil-Related Traits in Camellia oleifera Based on Double Digest Restriction Site-Associated DNA Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8840. [PMID: 39201527 PMCID: PMC11354348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Camellia oleifera, an important tree species and source of edible oil in China, has received significant attention owing to the oil's high unsaturated fatty acid content, which has benefits for human health. However, the mechanisms underlying C. oleifera yield and oil quality are largely unknown. In this study, 180 F1 progenies were obtained from two parents with obvious differences in fruit- and oil-related traits. We constructed a high-density genetic map using a double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-Seq) strategy in C. oleifera. This map spanned 3327 cM and anchored 2780 markers in 15 linkage groups (LGs), with an average marker interval of 1.20 cM. A total of 221 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with fruit- and oil-related traits were identified across three years' worth of phenotypic data. Nine QTLs were detected simultaneously in at least two different years, located on LG02, LG04, LG05, LG06, and LG11, and explained 8.5-16.6% of the phenotypic variation in the corresponding traits, respectively. Seventeen major QTLs were obtained that explained 13.0-16.6% of the phenotypic variance. Eleven and five flanking SNPs of major QTLs for fruit- and oil-related traits were detected which could be used for marker-assisted selection in C. oleifera breeding programs. Furthermore, 202 potential candidate genes in QTL regions were identified based on the collinearity of the genetic map and the C. oleifera "CON" genome. A potential regulatory network controlling fruit development and oil biosynthesis was constructed to dissect the complex mechanism of oil accumulation. The dissection of these QTLs will facilitate the gene cloning underlying lipid synthesis and increase our understanding in order to enhance C. oleifera oil yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (P.L.); (J.C.); (A.W.); (H.Z.)
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Jingyu Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (P.L.); (J.C.); (A.W.); (H.Z.)
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Anni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (P.L.); (J.C.); (A.W.); (H.Z.)
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Huiqi Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (P.L.); (J.C.); (A.W.); (H.Z.)
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Kailiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (P.L.); (J.C.); (A.W.); (H.Z.)
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
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Yang D, Wang R, Lai H, He Y, Chen Y, Xun C, Zhang Y, He Z. Comparative Transcriptomic and Lipidomic Analysis of Fatty Acid Accumulation in Three Camellia oleifera Varieties During Seed Maturing. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:18257-18270. [PMID: 39084609 PMCID: PMC11328181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Camellia oleifera, a major woody oil crop in China, produces tea oil rich in unsaturated fatty acids, earning it names like liquid gold and eastern olive oil. This study provides an integrated investigation of the transcriptome and lipidome within seeds at the maturing process across three C. oleifera varieties, revealing a significant relationship between fatty acid production and genes involved in lipid synthesis. Through transcriptomic analysis, 26,344 genes with varied expression were found. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted that pathways related to starch and sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, and lipid accumulation were highly enriched among the differentially expressed genes. Coordinated high expression of key genes (ACCase, KAS I, KAS II, KAS III, KAR, HAD, EAR, SAD, LPAAT, LACS, DGAT, PDAT) during the late maturation stage contributes largely to high oil content. Additionally, expression variations of SAD and FADs among different varieties were explored. The analysis suggests that high expression of genes such as FAD3, FAD7, and FAD8 notably increased linolenic acid content. This research provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of oil biosynthesis in C. oleifera, offering valuable references for improving yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayu Yang
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Research Institute of Oil Tea Camellia, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil-Tea Camellia, State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410116, China
| | - Hanggui Lai
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yimin He
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yongzhong Chen
- Research Institute of Oil Tea Camellia, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil-Tea Camellia, State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410116, China
| | - Chengfeng Xun
- Research Institute of Oil Tea Camellia, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil-Tea Camellia, State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410116, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Research Institute of Oil Tea Camellia, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil-Tea Camellia, State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410116, China
| | - Zhilong He
- Research Institute of Oil Tea Camellia, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil-Tea Camellia, State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410116, China
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Zhang X, He W, Wang X, Duan Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Jiang Q, Liao B, Zhou S, Li Y. Genome-Wide Analyses of MADS-Box Genes Reveal Their Involvement in Seed Development and Oil Accumulation of Tea-Oil Tree ( Camellia oleifera). Int J Genomics 2024; 2024:3375173. [PMID: 39105136 PMCID: PMC11300058 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3375173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The seeds of Camellia oleifera produce high amount of oil, which can be broadly used in the fields of food, industry, and medicine. However, the molecular regulation mechanisms of seed development and oil accumulation in C. oleifera are unclear. In this study, evolutionary and expression analyses of the MADS-box gene family were performed across the C. oleifera genome for the first time. A total of 86 MADS-box genes (ColMADS) were identified, including 60 M-type and 26 MIKC members. More gene duplication events occurred in M-type subfamily (6) than that in MIKC subfamily (2), and SEP-like genes were lost from the MIKCC clade. Furthermore, 8, 15, and 17 differentially expressed ColMADS genes (DEGs) were detected between three developmental stages of seed (S1/S2, S2/S3, and S1/S3), respectively. Among these DEGs, the STK-like ColMADS12 and TT16-like ColMADS17 were highly expressed during the seed formation (S1 and S2), agreeing with their predicted functions to positively regulate the seed organogenesis and oil accumulation. While ColMADS57 and ColMADS07 showed increasing expression level with the seed maturation (S2 and S3), conforming to their potential roles in promoting the seed ripening. In all, these results revealed a critical role of MADS-box genes in the C. oleifera seed development and oil accumulation, which will contribute to the future molecular breeding of C. oleifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureZhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Heyuan Branch CenterGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Heyuan 517500, China
| | - Wenliang He
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureZhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureZhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yongliang Duan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureZhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yongjuan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureZhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Mechanic and Electronic EngineeringZhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Qingbin Jiang
- Research Institute of Tropical ForestryChinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Boyong Liao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureZhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureZhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yongquan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureZhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
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Ding M, Zhou D, Ye Y, Wen S, Zhang X, Tian Q, Zhang X, Mou W, Dang C, Fang Y, Xue D. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Stearoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Δ9 Desaturase Gene Family under Abiotic Stress in Barley. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:113. [PMID: 38203283 PMCID: PMC10778905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Stearoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) Δ9 desaturase (SAD) is a critical fatty acid dehydrogenase in plants, playing a prominent role in regulating the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and having a significant impact on plant growth and development. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genomic analysis of the SAD family in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), identifying 14 HvSADs with the FA_desaturase_2 domain, which were divided into four subgroups based on sequence composition and phylogenetic analysis, with members of the same subgroup possessing similar genes and motif structures. Gene replication analysis suggested that tandem and segmental duplication may be the major reasons for the expansion of the SAD family in barley. The promoters of HvSADs contained various cis-regulatory elements (CREs) related to light, abscisic acid (ABA), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). In addition, expression analysis indicated that HvSADs exhibit multiple tissue expression patterns in barley as well as different response characteristics under three abiotic stresses: salt, drought, and cold. Briefly, this evolutionary and expression analysis of HvSADs provides insight into the biological functions of barley, supporting a comprehensive analysis of the regulatory mechanisms of oil biosynthesis and metabolism in plants under abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Ding
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (M.D.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (Q.T.); (X.Z.); (W.M.); (C.D.); (Y.F.)
| | - Danni Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (M.D.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (Q.T.); (X.Z.); (W.M.); (C.D.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yichen Ye
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (M.D.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (Q.T.); (X.Z.); (W.M.); (C.D.); (Y.F.)
| | - Shuting Wen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (M.D.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (Q.T.); (X.Z.); (W.M.); (C.D.); (Y.F.)
| | - Xian Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (M.D.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (Q.T.); (X.Z.); (W.M.); (C.D.); (Y.F.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Quanxiang Tian
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (M.D.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (Q.T.); (X.Z.); (W.M.); (C.D.); (Y.F.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (M.D.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (Q.T.); (X.Z.); (W.M.); (C.D.); (Y.F.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Wangshu Mou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (M.D.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (Q.T.); (X.Z.); (W.M.); (C.D.); (Y.F.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Cong Dang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (M.D.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (Q.T.); (X.Z.); (W.M.); (C.D.); (Y.F.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yunxia Fang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (M.D.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (Q.T.); (X.Z.); (W.M.); (C.D.); (Y.F.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Dawei Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (M.D.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (Q.T.); (X.Z.); (W.M.); (C.D.); (Y.F.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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Dvorianinova EM, Zinovieva OL, Pushkova EN, Zhernova DA, Rozhmina TA, Povkhova LV, Novakovskiy RO, Sigova EA, Turba AA, Borkhert EV, Krasnov GS, Ruan C, Dmitriev AA, Melnikova NV. Key FAD2, FAD3, and SAD Genes Involved in the Fatty Acid Synthesis in Flax Identified Based on Genomic and Transcriptomic Data. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14885. [PMID: 37834335 PMCID: PMC10573214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
FAD (fatty acid desaturase) and SAD (stearoyl-ACP desaturase) genes play key roles in the synthesis of fatty acids (FA) and determination of oil composition in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). We searched for FAD and SAD genes in the most widely used flax genome of the variety CDC Bethune and three available long-read assembled flax genomes-YY5, 3896, and Atlant. We identified fifteen FAD2, six FAD3, and four SAD genes. Of all the identified genes, 24 were present in duplicated pairs. In most cases, two genes from a pair differed by a significant number of gene-specific SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) or even InDels (insertions/deletions), except for FAD2a-1 and FAD2a-2, where only seven SNPs distinguished these genes. Errors were detected in the FAD2a-1, FAD2a-2, FAD3c-1, and FAD3d-2 sequences in the CDC Bethune genome assembly but not in the long-read genome assemblies. Expression analysis of the available transcriptomic data for different flax organs/tissues revealed that FAD2a-1, FAD2a-2, FAD3a, FAD3b, SAD3-1, and SAD3-2 were specifically expressed in embryos/seeds/capsules and could play a crucial role in the synthesis of FA in flax seeds. In contrast, FAD2b-1, FAD2b-2, SAD2-1, and SAD2-2 were highly expressed in all analyzed organs/tissues and could be involved in FA synthesis in whole flax plants. FAD2c-2, FAD2d-1, FAD3c-1, FAD3c-2, FAD3d-1, FAD3d-2, SAD3-1, and SAD3-2 showed differential expression under stress conditions-Fusarium oxysporum infection and drought. The obtained results are essential for research on molecular mechanisms of fatty acid synthesis, FAD and SAD editing, and marker-assisted and genomic selection for breeding flax varieties with a determined fatty acid composition of oil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga L. Zinovieva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena N. Pushkova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Daiana A. Zhernova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Rozhmina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops, Torzhok 172002, Russia
| | - Liubov V. Povkhova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow 141701, Russia
| | - Roman O. Novakovskiy
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elizaveta A. Sigova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow 141701, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Turba
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena V. Borkhert
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - George S. Krasnov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Chengjiang Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Alexey A. Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow 141701, Russia
| | - Nataliya V. Melnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Si X, Lyu S, Hussain Q, Ye H, Huang C, Li Y, Huang J, Chen J, Wang K. Analysis of Delta(9) fatty acid desaturase gene family and their role in oleic acid accumulation in Carya cathayensis kernel. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1193063. [PMID: 37771493 PMCID: PMC10523321 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1193063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Carya cathayensis, commonly referred to as Chinese hickory, produces nuts that contain high-quality edible oils, particularly oleic acid (18:1). It is known that stearoyl-ACP desaturase (SAD) is the first key step converting stearic acid (C18:0, SA) to oleic acid (C18:1, OA) in the aminolevulinic acid (ALA) biosynthetic pathway and play an important role in OA accumulation. Thus far, there is little information about SAD gene family in C. cathayensis and the role of individual members in OA accumulation. This study searched the Chinese Hickory Genome Database and identified five members of SAD genes, designated as CcSADs, at the whole genome level through the comparison with the homologous genes from Arabidopsis. RNA-Seq analysis showed that CcSSI2-1, CcSSI2-2, and CcSAD6 were highly expressed in kernels. The expression pattern of CcSADs was significantly correlated with fatty acid accumulation during the kernel development. In addition, five full-length cDNAs encoding SADs were isolated from the developing kernel of C. cathayensis. CcSADs-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion construct was infiltrated into tobacco epidermal cells, and results indicated their chloroplast localization. The catalytic function of these CcSADs was further analyzed by heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Nicotiana benthamiana, and walnut. Functional analysis demonstrated that all CcSADs had fatty acid desaturase activity to catalyze oleic acid biosynthesis. Some members of CcSADs also have strong substrate specificity for 16:0-ACP to synthesize palmitoleic acid (C16:1, PA). Our study documented SAD gene family in C. cathayensis and the role of CcSSI2-1, CcSSI2-2, and CcSAD6 in OA accumulation, which could be important for future improvement of OA content in this species via genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Si
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiheng Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Quaid Hussain
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Environmental Horticulture Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Apopka, FL, United States
| | - Ketao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
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Song Q, Gong W, Yu X, Ji K, Jiang Y, Chang Y, Yuan D. Transcriptome and Anatomical Comparisons Reveal the Effects of Methyl Jasmonate on the Seed Development of Camellia oleifera. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6747-6762. [PMID: 37026572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Seed is a major storage organ that determines the yield and quality of Camellia oleifera (C. oleifera). Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a signaling molecule involved in plant growth and development. However, the role of MeJA in the development of C. oleifera seeds remains a mystery. This study demonstrated that the larger seeds induced by MeJA resulted from more cell numbers and a larger cell area in the outer seed coat and embryo at the cellular level. At the molecular level, MeJA could regulate the expression of factors in the known signaling pathways of seed size control as well as cell proliferation and expansion, resulting in larger seeds. Furthermore, the accumulation of oil and unsaturated fatty acids due to MeJA-inducement was attributed to the increased expression of fatty acid biosynthesis-related genes but reduced expression of fatty acid degradation-related genes. CoMYC2, a key regulator in jasmonate signaling, was considered a potential hub regulator which directly interacted with three hub genes (CoCDKB2-3, CoCYCB2-3, and CoXTH9) related to the seed size and two hub genes (CoACC1 and CoFAD2-3) related to oil accumulation and fatty acid biosynthesis by binding to their promoters. These findings provide an excellent target for the improvement of the yield and quality in C. oleifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiling Song
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of the Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Wenfang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of the Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Xinran Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of the Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Ke Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of the Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of the Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Yihong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of the Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Deyi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of the Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
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Xue Y, Wu F, Chen R, Wang X, Tseke Inkabanga A, Huang L, Qin S, Zhang M, Chai Y. Genome-wide analysis of fatty acid desaturase genes in chia (Salvia hispanica) reveals their crucial roles in cold response and seed oil formation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 199:107737. [PMID: 37163804 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Chia (Salvia hispanica) is a functional food crop with high α-linolenic acid (ALA), the omega-3 essential fatty acid, but its worldwide plantation is limited by cold-intolerance and strict short-photoperiod flowering feature. Fatty acid desaturases (FADs) are responsible for seed oil accumulation, and play important roles in cold stress tolerance of plants. To date, there is no report on systemically genome-wide analysis of FAD genes in chia (ShiFADs). In this study, 31 ShiFAD genes were identified, 3 of which contained 2 alternative splicing transcripts, and they were located in 6 chromosomes of chia. Phylogenetic analysis classified the ShiFAD proteins into 7 groups, with conserved gene structure and MEME motifs within each group. Tandem and segmental duplications coursed the expansion of ShiFAD genes. Numerous cis-regulatory elements, including hormone response elements, growth and development elements, biotic/abiotic stress response elements, and transcription factor binding sites, were predicted in ShiFAD promoters. 24 miRNAs targeting ShiFAD genes were identified at whole-genome level. In total, 15 SSR loci were predicted in ShiFAD genes/promoters. RNA-seq data showed that ShiFAD genes were expressed in various organs with different levels. qRT-PCR detection revealed the inducibility of ShiSAD2 and ShiSAD7 in response to cold stress, and validated the seed-specific expression of ShiSAD11a. Yeast expression of ShiSAD11a confirmed the catalytic activity of its encoded protein, and its heterologous expression in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly increased seed oleic acid content. This work lays a foundation for molecular dissection of chia high-ALA trait and functional study of ShiFAD genes in cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Xue
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fangzhou Wu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ruochen Chen
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Alain Tseke Inkabanga
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université Pédagogique Nationale (UPN), Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Li Huang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shujun Qin
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yourong Chai
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Zhu X, Shen D, Wang R, Zheng Y, Su S, Chen F. Maturity Grading and Identification of Camellia oleifera Fruit Based on Unsupervised Image Clustering. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233800. [PMID: 36496609 PMCID: PMC9736105 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maturity grading and identification of Camellia oleifera are prerequisites to determining proper harvest maturity windows and safeguarding the yield and quality of Camellia oil. One problem in Camellia oleifera production and research is the worldwide confusion regarding the grading and identification of Camellia oleifera fruit maturity. To solve this problem, a Camellia oleifera fruit maturity grading and identification model based on the unsupervised image clustering model DeepCluster has been developed in the current study. The proposed model includes the following two branches: a maturity grading branch and a maturity identification branch. The proposed model jointly learns the parameters of the maturity grading branch and maturity identification branch and used the maturity clustering assigned from the maturity grading branch as pseudo-labels to update the parameters of the maturity identification branch. The maturity grading experiment was conducted using a training set consisting of 160 Camellia oleifera fruit samples and 2628 Camellia oleifera fruit digital images collected using a smartphone. The proposed model for grading Camellia oleifera fruit samples and images in training set into the following three maturity levels: unripe (47 samples and 883 images), ripe (62 samples and 1005 images), and overripe (51 samples and 740 images). Results suggest that there was a significant difference among the maturity stages graded by the proposed method with respect to seed oil content, seed soluble protein content, seed soluble sugar content, seed starch content, dry seed weight, and moisture content. The maturity identification experiment was conducted using a testing set consisting of 160 Camellia oleifera fruit digital images (50 unripe, 60 ripe, and 50 overripe) collected using a smartphone. According to the results, the overall accuracy of maturity identification for Camellia oleifera fruit was 91.25%. Moreover, a Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) visualization analysis reveals that the peel regions, crack regions, and seed regions were the critical regions for Camellia oleifera fruit maturity identification. Our results corroborate a maturity grading and identification application of unsupervised image clustering techniques and are supported by additional physical and quality properties of maturity. The current findings may facilitate the harvesting process of Camellia oleifera fruits, which is especially critical for the improvement of Camellia oil production and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhu
- School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Deyu Shen
- School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruipeng Wang
- School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yili Zheng
- School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuchai Su
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conversation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fengjun Chen
- School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence:
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