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Zhang Z, Zhang H, Liu J, Chen K, Wang Y, Zhang G, Li L, Yue H, Weng Y, Li Y, Chen P. The mutation of CsSUN, an IQD family protein, is responsible for the short and fat fruit (sff) in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 346:112177. [PMID: 38964612 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The fruit shape of cucumber is an important agronomic trait, and mining regulatory genes, especially dominant ones, is vital for cucumber breeding. In this study, we identified a short and fat fruit mutant, named sff, from an EMS mutagenized population. Compared to the CCMC (WT), sff (MT) exhibited reduced fruit length and increased dimeter. Segregation analysis revealed that the sff phenotype is controlled by a semi-dominant single gene with dosage effects. Through map-based cloning, the SFF locus was narrowed down to a 52.6 kb interval with two SNPs (G651A and C1072T) in the second and third exons of CsaV3_1G039870, which encodes an IQD family protein, CsSUN. The G651A within the IQ domain of CsSUN was identified as the unique SNP among 114 cucumber accessions, and it was the primary cause of the functional alteration in CsSUN. By generating CsSUN knockout lines in cucumber, we confirmed that CsSUN was responsible for sff mutant phenotype. The CsSUN is localized to the plasma membrane. CsSUN exhibited the highest expression in the fruit with lower expression in sff compared to WT. Histological observations suggest that the sff mutant phenotype is due to increased transverse cell division and inhibited longitudinal cell division. Transcriptome analysis revealed that CsSUN significantly affected the expression of genes related to cell division, expansion, and auxin signal transduction. This study unveils CsSUN's crucial role in shaping cucumber fruit and offers novel insights for cucumber breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Haiqiang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Junyan Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Kang Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Gaoyuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Lixia Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Hongzhong Yue
- Vegetable Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- USDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research Unit, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yuhong Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Bao Z, Guo Y, Meng X, Shi C, Ouyang B, Qu X, Wang P. Microtubule-associated proteins MAP65-1 and SUN18/IQD26 coordinately regulate tomato fruit shape by affecting cell division. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:629-633. [PMID: 37933687 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated proteins MAP65-1 and SUN18 function additively in fruit shape regulation by modulating cell division patterns but not changing cell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiru Bao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ye Guo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangxu Meng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunmei Shi
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bo Ouyang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaolu Qu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
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Baranov D, Timerbaev V. Recent Advances in Studying the Regulation of Fruit Ripening in Tomato Using Genetic Engineering Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:760. [PMID: 38255834 PMCID: PMC10815249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most commercially essential vegetable crops cultivated worldwide. In addition to the nutritional value, tomato is an excellent model for studying climacteric fruits' ripening processes. Despite this, the available natural pool of genes that allows expanding phenotypic diversity is limited, and the difficulties of crossing using classical selection methods when stacking traits increase proportionally with each additional feature. Modern methods of the genetic engineering of tomatoes have extensive potential applications, such as enhancing the expression of existing gene(s), integrating artificial and heterologous gene(s), pointing changes in target gene sequences while keeping allelic combinations characteristic of successful commercial varieties, and many others. However, it is necessary to understand the fundamental principles of the gene molecular regulation involved in tomato fruit ripening for its successful use in creating new varieties. Although the candidate genes mediate ripening have been identified, a complete picture of their relationship has yet to be formed. This review summarizes the latest (2017-2023) achievements related to studying the ripening processes of tomato fruits. This work attempts to systematize the results of various research articles and display the interaction pattern of genes regulating the process of tomato fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Baranov
- Laboratory of Expression Systems and Plant Genome Modification, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Timerbaev
- Laboratory of Expression Systems and Plant Genome Modification, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
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Yang Y, Chu C, Qian Q, Tong H. Leveraging brassinosteroids towards the next Green Revolution. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:86-98. [PMID: 37805340 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of gibberellin-related dwarfing genes significantly increased grain yield during the Green Revolution. Brassinosteroids (BRs) play a vital role in regulating agronomic traits and stress resistance. The potential of BR-related genes in crop improvement has been well demonstrated, positioning BRs as crucial targets for the next agricultural biotechnological revolution. However, BRs exert pleiotropic effects on plants, and thus present both opportunities and challenges for their application. Recent research suggests promising strategies for leveraging BR regulatory molecules for crop improvement, such as exploring function-specific genes, identifying beneficial alleles, inducing favorable mutations, and optimizing spatial hormone distribution. Advancing our understanding of the roles of BRs in plants is imperative to implement these strategies effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongning Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Liu S, Cai C, Li L, Wen H, Liu J, Li L, Wang Q, Wang X. StSN2 interacts with the brassinosteroid signaling suppressor StBIN2 to maintain tuber dormancy. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad228. [PMID: 38156286 PMCID: PMC10753161 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
After harvest, potato tubers undergo an important period of dormancy, which significantly impacts potato quality and seed vigor. StSN2 has been reported as a key gene for maintaining tuber dormancy; in this study, we explored the molecular mechanism by which StSN2 maintains dormancy. StBIN2 was first identified as a candidate protein that interacts with StSN2 by co-immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry, and both qPCR and enzyme activity experiments showed that StSN2 can promote the StBIN2 expression and activity. In addition, the interaction between StSN2 and StBIN2 was verified by yeast two-hybrid, luciferase complementation experiments and co-immunoprecipitation. Bioinformatics analysis and site-directed mutagenesis confirmed the critical role of cysteine residues of StBIN2 in its binding to StSN2. Similar to that of StSN2, overexpression of StBIN2 extended the dormancy of potato tuber. Interaction between StSN2 and StBIN2 increased the activity of the StBIN2 enzyme, inhibited the expression of StBZR1, and suppressed BR signaling. On the contrary, this interaction promoted the expression of StSnRK2.2/2.3/2.4/2.6 and StABI5, key genes of ABA signaling, and the phosphorylation of StSnRK2.3, thereby promoting ABA signaling. Altogether, our results indicate that StSN2 interacts with StBIN2 through key cysteine residues and StBIN2 maintains tuber dormancy by affecting ABA and BR signaling. Findings of this research offer new insights into the molecular mechanism by which StSN2 maintains potato tuber dormancy through interaction with StSIN2 and provide guidance for potato improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chengcheng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Luopin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - He Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Li Q, Luo S, Zhang L, Feng Q, Song L, Sapkota M, Xuan S, Wang Y, Zhao J, van der Knaap E, Chen X, Shen S. Molecular and genetic regulations of fleshy fruit shape and lessons from Arabidopsis and rice. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad108. [PMID: 37577396 PMCID: PMC10419822 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Fleshy fruit shape is an important external quality trait influencing the usage of fruits and consumer preference. Thus, modification of fruit shape has become one of the major objectives for crop improvement. However, the underlying mechanisms of fruit shape regulation are poorly understood. In this review we summarize recent progress in the genetic basis of fleshy fruit shape regulation using tomato, cucumber, and peach as examples. Comparative analyses suggest that the OFP-TRM (OVATE Family Protein - TONNEAU1 Recruiting Motif) and IQD (IQ67 domain) pathways are probably conserved in regulating fruit shape by primarily modulating cell division patterns across fleshy fruit species. Interestingly, cucumber homologs of FRUITFULL (FUL1), CRABS CLAW (CRC) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 2 (ACS2) were found to regulate fruit elongation. We also outline the recent progress in fruit shape regulation mediated by OFP-TRM and IQD pathways in Arabidopsis and rice, and propose that the OFP-TRM pathway and IQD pathway coordinate regulate fruit shape through integration of phytohormones, including brassinosteroids, gibberellic acids, and auxin, and microtubule organization. In addition, functional redundancy and divergence of the members of each of the OFP, TRM, and IQD families are also shown. This review provides a general overview of current knowledge in fruit shape regulation and discusses the possible mechanisms that need to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Shuangxia Luo
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, Institute for Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lijun Song
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Manoj Sapkota
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, Institute for Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Shuxin Xuan
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Esther van der Knaap
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, Institute for Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Xueping Chen
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Shuxing Shen
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
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Tiwari JK, Singh AK, Behera TK. CRISPR/Cas genome editing in tomato improvement: Advances and applications. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1121209. [PMID: 36909403 PMCID: PMC9995852 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1121209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The narrow genetic base of tomato poses serious challenges in breeding. Hence, with the advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein9 (CRISPR/Cas9) genome editing, fast and efficient breeding has become possible in tomato breeding. Many traits have been edited and functionally characterized using CRISPR/Cas9 in tomato such as plant architecture and flower characters (e.g. leaf, stem, flower, male sterility, fruit, parthenocarpy), fruit ripening, quality and nutrition (e.g., lycopene, carotenoid, GABA, TSS, anthocyanin, shelf-life), disease resistance (e.g. TYLCV, powdery mildew, late blight), abiotic stress tolerance (e.g. heat, drought, salinity), C-N metabolism, and herbicide resistance. CRISPR/Cas9 has been proven in introgression of de novo domestication of elite traits from wild relatives to the cultivated tomato and vice versa. Innovations in CRISPR/Cas allow the use of online tools for single guide RNA design and multiplexing, cloning (e.g. Golden Gate cloning, GoldenBraid, and BioBrick technology), robust CRISPR/Cas constructs, efficient transformation protocols such as Agrobacterium, and DNA-free protoplast method for Cas9-gRNAs ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) complex, Cas9 variants like PAM-free Cas12a, and Cas9-NG/XNG-Cas9, homologous recombination (HR)-based gene knock-in (HKI) by geminivirus replicon, and base/prime editing (Target-AID technology). This mini-review highlights the current research advances in CRISPR/Cas for fast and efficient breeding of tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagesh Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Vegetable Improvement, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anand Kumar Singh
- Division of Horticulture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan - II, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Tusar Kanti Behera
- Division of Vegetable Improvement, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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