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Zeng Y, Wang C, Yang C, Shan X, Meng XQ, Zhang M. Unveiling the role of chronic inflammation in ovarian aging: insights into mechanisms and clinical implications. Hum Reprod 2024:deae132. [PMID: 38906835 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian aging, a natural process in women and various other female mammals as they age, is characterized by a decline in ovarian function and fertility due to a reduction in oocyte reserve and quality. This phenomenon is believed to result from a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. While these factors collectively contribute to the shaping of ovarian aging, the substantial impact and intricate interplay of chronic inflammation in this process have been somewhat overlooked in discussions. Chronic inflammation, a prolonged and sustained inflammatory response persisting over an extended period, can exert detrimental effects on tissues and organs. This review delves into the novel hallmark of aging-chronic inflammation-to further emphasize the primary characteristics of ovarian aging. It endeavors to explore not only the clinical symptoms but also the underlying mechanisms associated with this complex process. By shining a spotlight on chronic inflammation, the aim is to broaden our understanding of the multifaceted aspects of ovarian aging and its potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, China
| | - Cuiting Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, China
| | - Xudong Shan
- Genital Medicine Center, The Third People's Hospital of Cheng, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Meng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan Jinxin Xinan Woman & Children Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Dias Nunes J, Demeestere I, Devos M. BRCA Mutations and Fertility Preservation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:204. [PMID: 38203374 PMCID: PMC10778779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hereditary cancers mostly affect the adolescent and young adult population (AYA) at reproductive age. Mutations in BReast CAncer (BRCA) genes are responsible for the majority of cases of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. BRCA1 and BRCA2 act as tumor suppressor genes as they are key regulators of DNA repair through homologous recombination. Evidence of the accumulation of DNA double-strand break has been reported in aging oocytes, while BRCA expression decreases, leading to the hypothesis that BRCA mutation may impact fertility. Moreover, patients exposed to anticancer treatments are at higher risk of fertility-related issues, and BRCA mutations could exacerbate the treatment-induced depletion of the ovarian reserve. In this review, we summarized the functions of both genes and reported the current knowledge on the impact of BRCA mutations on ovarian ageing, premature ovarian insufficiency, female fertility preservation strategies and insights about male infertility. Altogether, this review provides relevant up-to-date information on the impact of BRCA1/2 mutations on fertility. Notably, BRCA-mutated patients should be adequately counselled for fertility preservation strategies, considering their higher sensitivity to chemotherapy gonadotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Dias Nunes
- Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (J.D.N.); (M.D.)
| | - Isabelle Demeestere
- Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (J.D.N.); (M.D.)
- Fertility Clinic, HUB-Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Melody Devos
- Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (J.D.N.); (M.D.)
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Chang CL. Facilitation of Ovarian Response by Mechanical Force-Latest Insight on Fertility Improvement in Women with Poor Ovarian Response or Primary Ovarian Insufficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14751. [PMID: 37834198 PMCID: PMC10573075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The decline in fertility in aging women, especially those with poor ovarian response (POR) or primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), is a major concern for modern IVF centers. Fertility treatments have traditionally relied on gonadotropin- and steroid-hormone-based IVF practices, but these methods have limitations, especially for women with aging ovaries. Researchers have been motivated to explore alternative approaches. Ovarian aging is a complicated process, and the deterioration of oocytes, follicular cells, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and the stromal compartment can all contribute to declining fertility. Adjunct interventions that involve the use of hormones, steroids, and cofactors and gamete engineering are two major research areas aimed to improve fertility in aging women. Additionally, mechanical procedures including the In Vitro Activation (IVA) procedure, which combines pharmacological activators and fragmentation of ovarian strips, and the Whole Ovary Laparoscopic Incision (WOLI) procedure that solely relies on mechanical manipulation in vivo have shown promising results in improving follicle growth and fertility in women with POR and POI. Advances in the use of mechanical procedures have brought exciting opportunities to improve fertility outcomes in aging women with POR or POI. While the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms that lead to fertility decline in aging women remains a major challenge for further improvement of mechanical-manipulation-based approaches, recent progress has provided a better view of how these procedures promote folliculogenesis in the fibrotic and avascular aging ovaries. In this review, we first provide a brief overview of the potential mechanisms that contribute to ovarian aging in POI and POR patients, followed by a discussion of measures that aim to improve ovarian folliculogenesis in aging women. At last, we discuss the likely mechanisms that contribute to the outcomes of IVA and WOLI procedures and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Lin Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
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Shen J, Liu Y, Teng X, Jin L, Feng L, Sun X, Zhao F, Huang B, Zhong J, Chen Y, Wang L. Spatial Transcriptomics of Aging Rat Ovaries Reveals Unexplored Cell Subpopulations with Reduced Antioxidative Defense. Gerontology 2023; 69:1315-1329. [PMID: 37717573 DOI: 10.1159/000533922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian aging is characterized by a gradual decline in quantity and quality of oocytes and lower chance of fertility. Better understanding the genetic modulation during ovarian aging can further address available treatment options for aging-related ovarian diseases and fertility preservation. METHODS A novel technique spatial transcriptomics (ST) was used to investigate the spatial transcriptome features of rat ovaries. Transcriptomes from ST spots in the young and aged ovaries were clustered using differentially expressed genes. These data were analyzed to determine the spatial organization of age-induced heterogeneity and potential mechanisms underlying ovarian aging. RESULTS In this study, ST technology was applied to profile the comprehensive spatial imaging in young and aged rat ovary. Fifteen ovarian cell clusters with distinct gene-expression signatures were identified. The gene expression dynamics of granulosa cell clusters revealed three sub-types with sequential developmental stages. Aged ovary showed a significant decrease in the number of granulosa cells from the antral follicle. Besides, a remarkable rearrangement of interstitial gland cells was detected in aging ovary. Further analysis of aging-associated transcriptional changes revealed that the disturbance of oxidative pathway was a crucial factor in ovarian aging. CONCLUSIONS This study firstly described an aging-related spatial transcriptome changes in ovary and identified the potential targets for prevention of ovarian aging. These data may provide the basis for further investigations of the diagnosis and treatment of aging-related ovarian disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Teng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ligui Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiwen Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengdong Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bao Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinjie Zhong
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Obstetrics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Obstetrics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liquan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Sills ES, Harrity C, Wood SH, Tan SL. mTOR Inhibition via Low-Dose, Pulsed Rapamycin with Intraovarian Condensed Platelet Cytokines: An Individualized Protocol to Recover Diminished Reserve? J Pers Med 2023; 13:1147. [PMID: 37511761 PMCID: PMC10381109 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13071147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
No major breakthroughs have entered mainstream clinical fertility practice since egg donation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection decades ago, and oocyte deficits secondary to advanced age continue as the main manifestation of diminished ovarian reserve. In the meantime, several unproven IVF 'accessories' have emerged including so-called ovarian rejuvenation which entails placing fresh autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) directly into ovarian tissue. Among cellular responses attributed to this intervention are reduced oxidative stress, slowed apoptosis and improved metabolism. Besides having an impact on the existing follicle pool, platelet growth factors might also facilitate de novo oocyte recruitment by specified gene upregulation targeting uncommitted ovarian stem cells. Given that disordered activity at the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been shown to exacerbate or accelerate ovarian aging, PRP-discharged plasma cytokines combined with mTOR suppression by pulsed/cyclic rapamycin represents a novel fusion technique to enhance ovarian function. While beneficial effects have already been observed experimentally in oocytes and embryos with mTOR inhibition alone, this proposal is the first to discuss intraovarian platelet cytokines followed by low-dose, phased rapamycin. For refractory cases, this investigational, tailored approach could amplify or sustain ovarian capacity sufficient to permit retrieval of competent oocytes via distinct but complementary pathways-thus reducing dependency on oocyte donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Scott Sills
- Plasma Research Section, Regenerative Biology Group/CAG, San Clemente, CA 92673, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Palomar Medical Center, Escondido, CA 92029, USA
| | - Conor Harrity
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 HC66 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Samuel H Wood
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Palomar Medical Center, Escondido, CA 92029, USA
- Gen 5 Fertility Center, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Seang Lin Tan
- OriginElle Fertility Clinic, Montreal, QC H4A 3J3, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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Valtetsiotis K, Valsamakis G, Charmandari E, Vlahos NF. Metabolic Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Prevention of Ovarian Aging: Data from Up-to-Date Experimental Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9828. [PMID: 37372976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Female infertility and reproduction is an ongoing and rising healthcare issue, resulting in delaying the decision to start a family. Therefore, in this review, we examine potential novel metabolic mechanisms involved in ovarian aging according to recent data and how these mechanisms may be addressed through new potential medical treatments. We examine novel medical treatments currently available based mostly on experimental stem cell procedures as well as caloric restriction (CR), hyperbaric oxygen treatment and mitochondrial transfer. Understanding the connection between metabolic and reproductive pathways has the potential to offer a significant scientific breakthrough in preventing ovarian aging and prolonging female fertility. Overall, the field of ovarian aging is an emerging field that may expand the female fertility window and perhaps even reduce the need for artificial reproductive techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Valtetsiotis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Valsamakis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos F Vlahos
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 115 28 Athens, Greece
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Hua X, Zhu QW, Zhang YN, Cao L, Wang MD, Gao YS, Chen JY. The prognostic significance of human ovarian aging-related signature in breast cancer after surgery: A multicohort study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1139797. [PMID: 36960071 PMCID: PMC10027938 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown that ovarian aging is strongly associated with the risk of breast cancer, however, its prognostic impact on breast cancer is not yet fully understood. In this study, we performed a multicohort genetic analysis to explore its prognostic value and biological features in breast cancer. Methods The gene expression and clinicopathological data of 3366 patients from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort, the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) cohort and the GSE86166 cohort were analyzed. A total of 290 ovarian aging-related genes (OARGs) were included in the establishment of the prognostic model. Furthermore, functional mechanisms analysis, drug sensitivity, and immune cell infiltration were investigated using bioinformatic methods. Results An eight OARG-based signature was established and validated using independent cohorts. Two risk subgroups of patients with distinct survival outcomes were identified by the OARG-based signature. A nomogram with good predictive performance was developed by integrating the OARG risk score with clinicopathological factors. Moreover, the OARG-based signature was correlated with DNA damage repair, immune cell signaling pathways, and immunomodulatory functions. The patients in the low-risk subgroup were found to be sensitive to traditional chemotherapeutic, endocrine, and targeted agents (doxorubicin, tamoxifen, lapatinib, etc.) and some novel targeted drugs (sunitinib, pazopanib, etc.). Moreover, patients in the low-risk subgroup may be more susceptible to immune escape and therefore respond less effectively to immunotherapy. Conclusions In this study, we proposed a comprehensive analytical method for breast cancer assessment based on OARG expression patterns, which could precisely predict clinical outcomes and drug sensitivity of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hua
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Wei Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Nuan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Di Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Sheng Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Yi Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jia-Yi Chen,
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Loup B, Poumerol E, Jouneau L, Fowler PA, Cotinot C, Mandon-Pépin B. BPA disrupts meiosis I in oogonia by acting on pathways including cell cycle regulation, meiosis initiation and spindle assembly. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 111:166-177. [PMID: 35667523 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The negative in utero effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on female reproduction are of concern since the ovarian reserve of primordial follicles is constituted during the fetal period. This time-window is difficult to access, particularly in humans. Animal models and explant culture systems are, therefore, vital tools for investigating EDC impacts on primordial germ cells (PGCs). Here, we investigated the effects of BPA on prophase I meiosis in the fetal sheep ovary. We established an in vitro model of early gametogenesis through retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiation of sheep PGCs that progressed through meiosis. Using this system, we demonstrated that BPA (3×10-7 M & 3×10-5M) exposure for 20 days disrupted meiotic initiation and completion in sheep oogonia and induced transcriptomic modifications of exposed explants. After exposure to the lowest concentrations of BPA (3×10-7M), only 2 probes were significantly up-regulated corresponding to NR2F1 and TMEM167A transcripts. In contrast, after exposure to 3×10-5M BPA, 446 probes were deregulated, 225 were down- and 221 were up-regulated following microarray analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations of differentially expressed genes revealed that pathways mainly affected were involved in cell-cycle phase transition, meiosis and spindle assembly. Differences in key gene expression within each pathway were validated by qRT-PCR. This study provides a novel model for direct examination of the molecular pathways of environmental toxicants on early female gametogenesis and novel insights into the mechanisms by which BPA affects meiosis I. BPA exposure could thereby disrupt ovarian reserve formation by inhibiting meiotic progression of oocytes I and consequently by increasing atresia of primordial follicles containing defective oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Loup
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, ENVA, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Elodie Poumerol
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, ENVA, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Luc Jouneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, ENVA, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Paul A Fowler
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Corinne Cotinot
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, ENVA, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Liu C, Li L, Yang B, Zhao Y, Dong X, Zhu L, Ren X, Huang B, Yue J, Jin L, Zhang H, Wang L. Transcriptome-wide N6-methyladenine methylation in granulosa cells of women with decreased ovarian reserve. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:240. [PMID: 35346019 PMCID: PMC8961905 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The emerging epitranscriptome plays an essential role in female fertility. As the most prevalent internal mRNA modification, N6-methyladenine (m6A) methylation regulate mRNA fate and translational efficiency. However, whether m6A methylation was involved in the aging-related ovarian reserve decline has not been investigated. Herein, we performed m6A transcriptome-wide profiling in the ovarian granulosa cells of younger women (younger group) and older women (older group).
Results
m6A methylation distribution was highly conserved and enriched in the CDS and 3’UTR region. Besides, an increased number of m6A methylated genes were identified in the older group. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that m6A methylated genes were enriched in the FoxO signaling pathway, adherens junction, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton. A total of 435 genes were differently expressed in the older group, moreover, 58 of them were modified by m6A. Several specific genes, including BUB1B, PHC2, TOP2A, DDR2, KLF13, and RYR2 which were differently expressed and modified by m6A, were validated using qRT-PCR and might be involved in the decreased ovarian functions in the aging ovary.
Conclusions
Hence, our finding revealed the transcriptional significance of m6A modifications and provide potential therapeutic targets to promote fertility reservation for aging women.
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Wu J, Liu Y, Song Y, Wang L, Ai J, Li K. Aging conundrum: A perspective for ovarian aging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:952471. [PMID: 36060963 PMCID: PMC9437485 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.952471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive loss of physiological integrity and accumulation of degenerative changes leading to functional impairment and increased susceptibility to diseases are the main features of aging. The ovary, the key organ that maintains female reproductive and endocrine function, enters aging earlier and faster than other organs and has attracted extensive attention from society. Ovarian aging is mainly characterized by the progressive decline in the number and quality of oocytes, the regulatory mechanisms of which have yet to be systematically elucidated. This review discusses the hallmarks of aging to further highlight the main characteristics of ovarian aging and attempt to explore its clinical symptoms and underlying mechanisms. Finally, the intervention strategies related to aging are elaborated, especially the potential role of stem cells and cryopreservation of embryos, oocytes, or ovarian tissue in the delay of ovarian aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lingjuan Wang
- *Correspondence: Kezhen Li, ; Jihui Ai, ; Lingjuan Wang,
| | - Jihui Ai
- *Correspondence: Kezhen Li, ; Jihui Ai, ; Lingjuan Wang,
| | - Kezhen Li
- *Correspondence: Kezhen Li, ; Jihui Ai, ; Lingjuan Wang,
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