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Güngör İH, Türk G, Dayan Cinkara S, Acisu TC, Tektemur A, Yeni D, Avdatek F, Arkali G, Koca RH, Özer Kaya Ş, Sagiroglu M, Etem Önalan E, Sönmez M, Gür S, Yüce A. Reduction of cryopreservation-induced structural, functional and molecular damages in ram sperm by hydrated C 60 fullerene. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14513. [PMID: 38038214 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the morphological, functional and molecular changes in frozen-thawed ram sperm using an extender containing different concentrations of hydrated carbon 60 fullerene (C60 HyFn), a nanotechnological product. Semen taken from each of the seven Akkaraman rams were pooled. Semen collection was done twice a week and it continued for 3 weeks. Each pooled semen sample was divided into six equal groups and diluted with tris + egg yolk extender including 0 (control), 200, 400, 800 nM, 1 and 5 μM concentrations of C60 HyFn at 37°C. They were then frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour at -140°C, stored in liquid nitrogen container (-196°C) and thawed at 37°C for 25 s before analysis. In comparison with control, C60 HyFn addition prior to freezing procedure provided significant increases in total and progressive motility rates, glutathione peroxidase, catalase activities and percentage of highly active mitochondria, and significant decreases in dead and abnormal sperm rates, lipid peroxidation, caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation levels in frozen-thawed ram semen. When compared to control, C60 HyFn supplementation significantly down-regulated the expression levels of miR-200a and KCNJ11, and significantly up-regulated the expression levels of miR-3958-3p (at the concentrations of 200, 400, 800 nM and 1 μM), CatSper1 (at the concentrations of 200, 400 nM and 5 μM), CatSper2 (at the concentrations of 1 and 5 μM), CatSper3 (at the concentrations of 200, 400 nM, 1 and 5 μM), CatSper4 (at all concentrations), ANO1 (at the concentrations of 800 nM, 1 and 5 μM) and TRPV5 (at the concentrations of 200, 400 and 800 nM). The addition of C60 HyFn had no effect on global DNA methylation rates. As a result, C60 HyFn supplementation to ram semen extenders may be beneficial in reducing some of the functional, structural and molecular damages in sperm induced by the freeze-thawing procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- İbrahim Halil Güngör
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Türkiye
| | - Gaffari Türk
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Türkiye
| | - Serap Dayan Cinkara
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Türkiye
| | - Tutku Can Acisu
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Tektemur
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Türkiye
| | - Deniz Yeni
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye
| | - Fatih Avdatek
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye
| | - Gözde Arkali
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Türkiye
| | - Recep Hakkı Koca
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Türkiye
| | - Şeyma Özer Kaya
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Türkiye
| | - Meltem Sagiroglu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Türkiye
| | - Ebru Etem Önalan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Sönmez
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Türkiye
| | - Seyfettin Gür
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Türkiye
| | - Abdurrauf Yüce
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Türkiye
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Kobanawa M. Fertilization, embryo culture, and clinical results using low lactate embryo culture medium for pre-culture, insemination, and beyond. Reprod Med Biol 2022; 21:e12458. [PMID: 35414763 PMCID: PMC8986977 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We focused on the metabolism of oocytes in pre-culture and insemination and compared these results between our existing fertilization medium, GEMS Fertilisation Medium (GEMS group) (Merck BioPharma) and Continuous Single Culture Medium-NX Complete (CSCM-NXC group) (FUJIFILM Irvine Scientific). Methods Patients under 42 years of age were received controlled ovarian stimulation and oocytes were retrieved. Those were pre-cultured and fertilized with either GEMS fertilization medium or CSCM-NXC. After fertilization was confirmed, embryos were cultured using CSCM-NXC in both groups. The embryos were cryopreserved at blastocyst stage (3BB or more, Gardner classification) and then transferred in HRT cycles. Results The fertilization rate of both groups was the same, but the 3PN rate was significantly lower in the CSCM-NXC group. In terms of embryo culture results, the CSCM-NXC group had a significantly higher rate of good quality blastocysts, high-grade embryos, and embryos with a high degree of expansion. Conclusions The use of CSCM-NXC, a low lactate embryo culture medium, from pre-culture and for insemination, increases the energy metabolic efficiency of oocytes and cumulus cells, making it possible to supply sufficient energy ATP for fertilization and early division, which is thought to promote good embryonic development.
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Li Y, Jin L, Li Y, Qian J, Wang Z, Zheng X, Xie C, Zhang X, Huang H, Zhou Y. Lysophosphatidic Acid Improves Human Sperm Motility by Enhancing Glycolysis and Activating L-Type Calcium Channels. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:896558. [PMID: 35903269 PMCID: PMC9317953 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.896558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Until now, the molecular mechanisms underlining sperm motility defect causing male infertility are still poorly understood. Safe and effective compounds or drugs that can improve sperm motility are also very limited. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a naturally occurring phospholipid and a bioactive intermediate with multiple biological activities. It has been detected in various body fluids such as serum, plasma, saliva, tears, blister fluids, hen egg white, and ascites from patients with ovarian cancer. LPA is also abundant in seminal plasma and follicular fluid. It enhances follicle stimulation, improves oocyte fertilization, and promotes early embryonic development and embryo implantation. However, the physiological role of LPA in the male reproductive system remains unknown. Here, our study showed that LPA significantly improved the motility parameters of human sperm hyperactivation in a dose-dependent manner. The LPA-induced elevation of sperm motility is dependent on bovine serum albumin (BSA) but independent of the classical BSA-induced sAC/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. The enhancement of sperm motility by LPA could not be blocked by CCCP, a respiratory inhibitor suppressing mitochondrial ATP production. Moreover, LPA improved the activity of triosephosphate isomerase in glycolysis. Meanwhile, LPA treatment significantly increased ATP and phosphoenolpyruvate levels and decreased ADP content during sperm glycolysis. Notably, none of known or identified LPA receptors was detected in human sperm. Further investigations showed that LPA promoted sperm motility through L-type calcium channels. In summary, this study revealed the involvement of LPA in the regulation for human sperm motility by enhancing glycolysis and activating L-type calcium channels. The current findings may shed new light on the understanding of causes of asthenozoospermia, and indicate that LPA could be used as a novel therapeutic agent to improve sperm function and fertilizing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinlam Li
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanquan Li
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianing Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengquan Wang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoguo Zheng
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Xie
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yuchuan Zhou, ; Hefeng Huang, ; Xuelian Zhang,
| | - Hefeng Huang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yuchuan Zhou, ; Hefeng Huang, ; Xuelian Zhang,
| | - Yuchuan Zhou
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yuchuan Zhou, ; Hefeng Huang, ; Xuelian Zhang,
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Souza RS, Machado WM, da França CS, Mugabe LC, Pinheiro EEG, Carneiro IDMB, Rocha LF, Barbosa LP. Docosahexaenoic acid in diluent for goat semen cryopreservation. Anim Reprod 2021; 18:e20210027. [PMID: 34745356 PMCID: PMC8562712 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2021-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the diluent for cryopreservation of goat semen on seminal quality and the optimal levels to be used were evaluated. After collection, semen was pooled and physically evaluated, then divided into four aliquots with different DHA levels in the diluent: 0, 10, 20, and 30 ng mL-1. The semen was cryopreserved in a TK 3000® freezing machine and then thawed for assessment at 37 °C. Sperm motility and vigor, membrane integrity, acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial activity, and sperm chromatin compaction were evaluated after thawing. A completely randomized design was used. For normally distributed variables, ANOVA and regression analysis were used to test for differences between treatments, and for non-parametric data, the Kruskal Wallis test was used at the 5% significance level. There were no differences among groups in terms of membrane integrity, acrosomal integrity, or chromatin compaction. There was a decrease in class I mitochondrial activity with increasing DHA level (P<0.05), but no differences in classes II, III, and IV (P>0.05). The inclusion of 10 to 30 ng mL-1 of DHA in the diluent did not result in improvements in seminal quality parameters after thawing, with some impairment observed in the mitochondrial activity of the sperm cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosiléia Silva Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Animal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil
| | - William Morais Machado
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Animal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil
| | - Caline Santana da França
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Animal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil
| | - Lopes César Mugabe
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Animal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil
| | - Emmanuel Emydio Gomes Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Animal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil
| | - Isabella de Matos Brandão Carneiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Animal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil
| | - Laiara Fernandes Rocha
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Animal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil
| | - Larissa Pires Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Animal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil
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Rago V, De Rose D, Santoro M, Panza S, Malivindi R, Andò S, D'Agata R, Aquila S. Human Sperm Express the Receptor for Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1), Which Affects Sperm Function and Metabolism. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5802751. [PMID: 32157297 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) produces pleiotropic effects binding to the GLP-1 receptor (GLP1-R), potentiating insulin secretion in the pancreas. GLP1-R is expressed in peripheral tissues and evidence for its role in reproduction has come from knockout mice, although the relationship between GLP-1 and male fertility needs to be clarified. Given that human sperm is an insulin-sensitive and insulin-secreting cell, we hypothesized that the GLP-1/GLP1-R axis may be expressed and functional in these cells. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We revealed the presence of GLP1-R by Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses. Because Exendin-4 (Ex-4) displays similar functional properties to native GLP-1, we used this agonist to perform a dose-response study on progressive motility and cholesterol efflux, showing that 300 pM Ex-4 was the most effective treatment. These actions are mediated by GLP1-R and independent from sperm-secreted insulin. The exposure to Ex-4 fueled phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling and was reversed by H89, indicating a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependence of GLP-1/GLP1-R signaling. It emerged that in sperm, insulin secretion regulated by Ex-4 did not occur in a strictly glucose-dependent manner. A stimulatory action of Ex-4/GLP1-R on lactate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activities was observed. Ex-4/GLP1-R decreased triglycerides content concomitantly to enhanced lipase and acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) dehydrogenase activities, addressing a lipolytic effect. CONCLUSION Collectively, we discovered that human sperm is a new GLP1 incretin target, broadening our knowledge about the effects of the GLP1-R agonist in the male reproductive field. Further findings in humans should be conducted in the future to confirm it and to improve the translational aspect of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Rago
- Department of Pharmacy and Sciences of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria Cosenza, Italy
| | - Daniela De Rose
- Department of Pharmacy and Sciences of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria Cosenza, Italy
| | - Marta Santoro
- Department of Pharmacy and Sciences of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria Cosenza, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panza
- Department of Pharmacy and Sciences of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rocco Malivindi
- Department of Pharmacy and Sciences of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy and Sciences of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rosario D'Agata
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Saveria Aquila
- Department of Pharmacy and Sciences of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria Cosenza, Italy
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Pelletier RM, Layeghkhavidaki H, Vitale ML. Glucose, insulin, insulin receptor subunits α and β in normal and spontaneously diabetic and obese ob/ob and db/db infertile mouse testis and hypophysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2020; 18:25. [PMID: 32183843 PMCID: PMC7079543 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-020-00583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes touches young subjects of reproductive age in epidemic proportion. This study assesses glucose, total InsulinT, Insulin2 and insulin receptor subunits α and β in testis during mouse development then, in the spontaneously type 2 diabetes models associated with infertility db/db and ob/ob mice. IR-β and α were also assessed in spermatozoa (SPZ), anterior pituitary (AP) and serum. METHODS Serum and tissue glucose were measured with enzymatic colorimetric assays and InsulinT and Insulin2 by ELISAs in serum, interstitial tissue- (ITf) and seminiferous tubule (STf) fractions in14- > 60-day-old normal and db/db, ob/ob and wild type (WT) mice. IR subunits were assessed by immunoblotting in tissues and by immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblotting in serum. RESULTS Development: Glucose increased in serum, ITf and STf. InsulinT and Insulin2 dropped in serum; both were higher in STf than in ITf. In > 60-day-old mouse ITf, insulinT rose whereas Insulin2 decreased; InsulinT and Insulin2 rose concurrently in STf. Glucose and insulin were high in > 60-day-old ITf; in STf high insulin2 accompanied low glucose. One hundred ten kDa IR-β peaked in 28-day-old ITf and 14-day-old STf. One hundred thirty five kDa IR-α was high in ITf but decreased in STf. Glucose escalated in db/db and ob/ob sera. Glucose doubled in ITf while being halved in STf in db/db mice. Glucose significantly dropped in db/db and ob/ob mice spermatozoa. InsulinT and Insulin2 rose significantly in the serum, ITf and STf in db/db and ob/ob mice. One hundred ten kDa IR-β and 135 kDa IR-α decreased in db/db and ob/ob ITf. Only 110 kDa IR-β dropped in db/db and ob/ob STf and AP. One hundred ten kDa IR-β fell in db/db and ob/ob SPZ. One hundred ten kDa sIR-α rose in the db/db and ob/ob mouse sera. CONCLUSION Insulin regulates glucose in tubules not in the interstitium. The mouse interstitium contains InsulinT and Insulin2 whereas tubules contain Insulin2. Decreased 110 kDa IR-β and 135 kDa IR-α in the db/db and ob/ob interstitial tissue suggest a loss of active receptor sites that could alter the testicular cell insulin binding and response to the hormone. Decreased IR-β levels were insufficient to stimulate downstream effectors in AP and tubules. IR-α shedding increased in db/db and ob/ob mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R-Marc Pelletier
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger Gaudry, Case Postale 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Hamed Layeghkhavidaki
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - María L Vitale
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Effects of glucose metabolism pathways on sperm motility and oxidative status during long-term liquid storage of goat semen. Theriogenology 2016; 86:839-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Salman TM, Olayaki LA, Alagbonsi IA, Oyewopo AO. Spermatotoxic effects of galactose and possible mechanisms of action. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mefs.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Chen YC, Pan LC, Lai CW, Chien YS, Wu TH. Silymarin and protein kinase A inhibitor modulate glucose-mediated mouse sperm motility: An in vitro study. Reprod Biol 2015; 15:172-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Portela JMD, Tavares RS, Mota PC, Ramalho-Santos J, Amaral S. High glucose concentrations per se do not adversely affect human sperm function in vitro. Reproduction 2015; 150:77-84. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents one of the greatest concerns to global health and it is associated with diverse clinical complications, including reproductive dysfunction. Given the multifactorial nature of DM, the mechanisms that underlie reproductive dysfunction remain unclear. Considering that hyperglycemia has been described as a major effector of the disease pathophysiology, we used anin vitroapproach to address the isolated effect of high glucose conditions on human sperm function, thus avoiding otherin vivoconfounding players. We performed a complete and integrated analysis by measuring a variety of important indicators of spermatozoa functionality (such as motility, viability, capacitation status, acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial superoxide production and membrane potential) in human sperm samples after incubation withd- andl-glucose (5, 25, or 50 mM) for 24 and 48 h. No direct effects promoted by 25 or 50 mMd-glucose were found for any of the parameters assessed (P>0.05), except for the acrosome reaction, which was potentiated after 48 h of exposure to 50 mMd-glucose (P<0.05). Interestingly, non-metabolizablel-glucose drastically increased superoxide production (P<0.05) and suppressed sperm motility (P<0.05) and capacitation (P<0.05) after 24 h of treatment, whereas mitochondrial membrane potential (P<0.05), acrosomal integrity (P<0.01) and viability (P<0.05) were later decreased. The overall results suggest that high glucose levelsper sedo not influence human sperm functionin vitro, which stresses the importance of other factors involved in DM pathology. Nevertheless, the absence of metabolizable glucose contributes to a severe impairment of sperm function and thus compromises male fertility.Free Portuguese abstract: A Portuguese translation of this abstract is freely available athttp://www.reproduction-online.org/content/150/1/77/suppl/DC1.
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Johinke D, de Graaf S, Bathgate R. Investigation of in vitro parameters and in vivo fertility of rabbit spermatozoa after chilled storage. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 147:135-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Intasqui P, Camargo M, Del Giudice PT, Spaine DM, Carvalho VM, Cardozo KHM, Cedenho AP, Bertolla RP. Unraveling the sperm proteome and post-genomic pathways associated with sperm nuclear DNA fragmentation. J Assist Reprod Genet 2013; 30:1187-202. [PMID: 23893156 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-013-0054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sperm DNA fragmentation has been suggested as a marker for infertility diagnosis and prognosis. Hence, understanding its impact on male physiology and post-genomic pathways would be clinically important. We performed the proteomics and functional enrichment analyses of viable spermatozoa from ejaculates with low and high sperm DNA fragmentation to identify protein expression and pathways altered in association with sperm DNA fragmentation. METHODS Sperm DNA fragmentation using the Comet assay and the Komet 6.0.1 software was assessed in raw samples from 89 subjects from a human reproduction service. The Low and High sperm DNA fragmentation groups were formed according to the Olive Tail Moment variable. Spermatozoa proteins from these groups were pooled and analyzed by a shotgun proteomic approach (2D nanoUPLC-ESI-MS(E)). Differentially expressed proteins were used for a functional enrichment study. RESULTS Two hundred and fifty-seven proteins were identified or quantified in sperm from the Low and High sperm DNA fragmentation groups. Of these, seventy-one proteins were exclusively or overexpressed in the Low group, whereas twenty-three proteins were exclusively or overexpressed in the High group. One hundred and sixty-three proteins were conserved between these groups. We also functionally related the differentially expressed proteins in viable spermatozoa from the groups. Processes such as triacylglycerol metabolism, energy production, protein folding, response to unfolded proteins, and cellular detoxification were found to be altered in these cells. CONCLUSIONS Sperm DNA fragmentation is associated with differential protein expression in viable spermatozoa. These proteins may potentially be used as biomarkers for sperm DNA integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Intasqui
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Sao Paulo Federal University - Sao Paulo Hospital, R. Embau, 231, 04039-060, Sao Paulo, Brazil,
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Maree L, van der Horst G. Quantification and identification of sperm subpopulations using computer-aided sperm analysis and species-specific cut-off values for swimming speed. Biotech Histochem 2013; 88:181-93. [PMID: 23331185 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2012.757366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Motility is an essential characteristic of all flagellated spermatozoa and assessment of this parameter is one criterion for most semen or sperm evaluations. Computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) can be used to measure sperm motility more objectively and accurately than manual methods, provided that analysis techniques are standardized. Previous studies have shown that evaluation of sperm subpopulations is more important than analyzing the total motile sperm population alone. We developed a quantitative method to determine cut-off values for swimming speed to identify three sperm subpopulations. We used the Sperm Class Analyzer(®) (SCA) CASA system to assess the total percentage of motile spermatozoa in a sperm preparation as well as the percentages of rapid, medium and slow swimming spermatozoa for six mammalian species. Curvilinear velocity (VCL) cut-off values were adjusted manually for each species to include 80% rapid, 15% medium and 5% slow swimming spermatozoa. Our results indicate that the same VCL intervals cannot be used for all species to classify spermatozoa according to swimming speed. After VCL intervals were adjusted for each species, three unique sperm subpopulations could be identified. The effects of medical treatments on sperm motility become apparent in changes in the distribution of spermatozoa among the three swimming speed classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Maree
- Department of Medical Bioscience , University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535 , South Africa.
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina M Turner
- Department of Clinical Studies, Center for Animal Transgenesis, Germ Cell Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, USA
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15
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Bonet S, Briz MD, Yeste M. A Proper Assessment of Boar Sperm Function May Not Only Require Conventional Analyses but Also Others Focused on Molecular Markers of Epididymal Maturation. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 47 Suppl 3:52-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Hereng TH, Elgstøen KBP, Cederkvist FH, Eide L, Jahnsen T, Skålhegg BS, Rosendal KR. Exogenous pyruvate accelerates glycolysis and promotes capacitation in human spermatozoa. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:3249-63. [PMID: 21946930 PMCID: PMC3212877 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been an ongoing debate in the reproductive field about whether mammalian spermatozoa rely on glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation or both for their energy production. Recent studies have proposed that human spermatozoa depend mainly on glucose for motility and fertilization but the mechanism behind an efficient glycolysis in human spermatozoa is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate how human spermatozoa utilize exogenous pyruvate to enhance glycolytic ATP production, motility, hyperactivation and capacitation, events that are crucial for male fertility. METHODS Purified human spermatozoa from healthy donors were incubated under capacitating conditions (including albumin, bicarbonate and glucose) and tested for changes in ATP levels, motility, hyperactivation and tyrosine phosphorylation after treatment with pyruvate. The experiments were repeated in the presence of sodium cyanide in order to assess the contribution from mitochondrial respiration. The metabolism of 13C labeled glucose and pyruvate was traced by a combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. RESULTS The treatment of human spermatozoa with exogenous pyruvate increased intracellular ATP levels, progressive motility and hyperactivation by 56, 21 and 130%, respectively. In addition, added pyruvate induced a significant increase in tyrosine phosphorylation levels. Blocking of the electron transport chain did not markedly affect the results, indicating that the mechanism is independent of oxidative phosphorylation. However, the observed effects could be counteracted by oxamate, an inhibitor of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Metabolic tracing experiments revealed that the observed rise in ATP concentration resulted from an enhanced glycolytic flux, which was increased by more than 50% in the presence of exogenous pyruvate. Moreover, all consumed 13C labeled pyruvate added was converted to lactate rather than oxidized in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. CONCLUSIONS Human spermatozoa seem to rely mainly, if not entirely, on glycolysis as the source of ATP fueling the energy-demanding processes of motility and capacitation. The efficient glycolysis is dependent on exogenous pyruvate, which indirectly feeds the accelerated glycolysis with NAD+ through the LDH-mediated conversion of pyruvate to lactate. Pyruvate is present in the human female reproductive tract at concentrations in accordance with our results. As seen in other mammals, the motility and fertility of human spermatozoa seem to be dictated by the available energy substrates present in the conspecific female.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Hereng
- Spermatech AS, Forskningsveien 2A, 0373 Oslo, Norway
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17
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Paul S, Kang SC. Studies on the viability and membrane integrity of human spermatozoa treated with essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill fruit. Andrologia 2011; 44 Suppl 1:117-25. [PMID: 21671979 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2010.01148.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating the effects of essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi fruits, an oil-bearing plant of Apiaceae family, on human sperm viability and membrane integrity. Chemical compositions of the oil were analysed by GC-MS. Thirty compounds representing 91.39% of the total oil were identified. The viability and membrane integrity of human spermatozoa were assessed using minimum effective dose (MED) concentration (125 μg ml(-1)) of the oil. Sperm treated with essential oil showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in viability assessed by eosin-nigrosin and fluorescence dual staining. Moreover, the treated sperm also showed a significant loss (P < 0.05) of functional mitochondria and antioxidant enzyme, catalase (EC 1.11.1.6, CAT), when compared to control. The cholesterol:phospholipid ratio was also increased (P < 0.05) in treated sperm when compared to control, which is an indicator of loss of binding ability of human spermatozoa to the zona pellucida. The scanning electron microscopic studies demonstrated the loss of membrane integrity in essential oil-treated human spermatozoa, which showed vacuolation, swelling of acrosomal cap, detachment of head portion and tail coiling. Present observations indicate the spermicidal property of essential oil of T. ammi fruits, which could be helpful to develop medicinal preparations as a male contraceptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyoungsan, Kyoungbook, Korea
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18
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Terrell KA, Wildt DE, Anthony NM, Bavister BD, Leibo SP, Penfold LM, Marker LL, Crosier AE. Evidence for compromised metabolic function and limited glucose uptake in spermatozoa from the teratospermic domestic cat (Felis catus) and cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). Biol Reprod 2010; 83:833-41. [PMID: 20650882 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.085639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cheetahs and certain other felids consistently ejaculate high proportions (≥ 60%) of malformed spermatozoa, a condition known as teratospermia, which is prevalent in humans. Even seemingly normal spermatozoa from domestic cat teratospermic ejaculates have reduced fertilizing capacity. To understand the role of sperm metabolism in this phenomenon, we conducted a comparative study in the normospermic domestic cat versus the teratospermic cat and cheetah with the general hypothesis that sperm metabolic function is impaired in males producing predominantly pleiomorphic spermatozoa. Washed ejaculates were incubated in chemically defined medium containing glucose and pyruvate. Uptake of glucose and pyruvate and production of lactate were assessed using enzyme-linked fluorescence assays. Spermatozoa from domestic cats and cheetahs exhibited similar metabolic profiles, with minimal glucose metabolism and approximately equimolar rates of pyruvate uptake and lactate production. Compared to normospermic counterparts, pyruvate and lactate metabolism were reduced in teratospermic cat and cheetah ejaculates, even when controlling for sperm motility. Rates of pyruvate and lactate (but not glucose) metabolism were correlated positively with sperm motility, acrosomal integrity, and normal morphology. Collectively, our findings reveal that pyruvate uptake and lactate production are reliable, quantitative indicators of sperm quality in these two felid species and that metabolic function is impaired in teratospermic ejaculates. Furthermore, patterns of substrate utilization are conserved between these species, including the unexpected lack of exogenous glucose metabolism. Because glycolysis is required to support sperm motility and capacitation in certain other mammals (including dogs), the activity of this pathway in felid spermatozoa is a target for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Terrell
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia 22630, USA
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19
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Nielsen HI, Ali J. Embryo Culture Media, Culture Techniques and Embryo Selection: A Tribute to Wesley Kingston Whitten. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/205891581000100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This review article gives a brief history of the classical experiments that led to the development of the embryo culture medium and in vitro embryo culture. It proposes that, in view of the outstanding and significant pioneering contributions of Wesley Kingston Whitten to the development of embryo culture medium, he be considered the “Father of Embryo Culture Medium”. Furthermore, it describes the nutritional requirements of early embryos and how these requirements with specific references to carbohydrates, amino acids, phosphates, growth factors, etc, have been utilized to formulate increasingly more complex embryo culture media. This has led to the development of progressively more efficacious embryo culture media including the formulation of completely defined and synthetic protein-free embryo culture medium. The review also describes physical factors, growth factors, insemination methods for the fertilization of oocytes and culture methods affecting embryo growth, development, metabolism, oxygen embryotoxicity and survival. In procedural terms, the review also summarizes the evolution of embryo culture techniques from tube culture to, microdrop culture under oil to co-culture to ultra microdrop culture techniques. It includes techniques of in vitro maturation and for the selection of potentially viable embryos of various developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Ingolf Nielsen
- Fertility Center Dronninglund, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Dronninglund, Denmark
- Padmashree Dr. DY Patil University, Medical College, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Jaffar Ali
- IVF Laboratory, CTHM Reproductive Medicine Unit, Women's Specialized Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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20
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Abstract
Boar spermatozoa are very susceptible to reactive oxygen species (ROS), but ROS involvement in damage and/or capacitation is unclear. The impact of exposing fresh boar spermatozoa to an ROS-generating system (xanthine/xanthine oxidase; XA/XO) on sperm ROS content, membrane lipid peroxidation, phospholipase (PL) A activity, and motility, viability, and capacitation was contrasted to ROS content and sperm function after cryopreservation. Exposing boar sperm (n = 4-5 ejaculates) to the ROS-generating system for 30 min rapidly increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation in all sperm, increased PLA in dead sperm, and did not affect intracellular O2- (flow cytometry of sperm labeled with 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorscein diacetate, BODIPY 581/591 C11, bis-BODIPY-FL C11, hydroethidine, respectively; counterstained for viability). Sperm viability remained high, but sperm became immotile. Cryopreservation decreased sperm motility, viability, and intracellular O2- significantly, but did not affect H2O2. As expected, more sperm incubated in capacitating media than Beltsville thawing solution buffer underwent acrosome reactions and protein tyrosine phosphorylation (four proteins, 58-174 kDa); which proteins were tyrosine phosphorylated was pH dependent. Pre-exposing sperm to the ROS-generating system increased the percentage of sperm that underwent acrosome reactions after incubation in capacitating conditions (P < 0.025), and decreased capacitation-dependent increases in two tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins (P < or = 0.035). In summary, H2O2 is the major free radical mediating direct ROS effects, but not cryopreservation changes, on boar sperm. Boar sperm motility, acrosome integrity, and lipid peroxidation are more sensitive indicators of oxidative stress than viability and PLA activity. ROS may stimulate the acrosome reaction in boar sperm through membrane lipid peroxidation and PLA activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basim J Awda
- Department of Animal & Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Kaeoket K, Sang-urai P, Thamniyom A, Chanapiwat P, Techakumphu M. Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid on Quality of Cryopreserved Boar Semen in Different Breeds. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 45:458-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Feiden S, Wolfrum U, Wegener G, Kamp G. Expression and compartmentalisation of the glycolytic enzymes GAPDH and pyruvate kinase in boar spermatogenesis. Reprod Fertil Dev 2008; 20:713-23. [PMID: 18671919 DOI: 10.1071/rd08004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Boar spermatozoa contain isoforms of both glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, EC 1.2.1.12) and pyruvate kinase (PK, EC 2.7.1.40). The sperm-specific forms, GAPDH-S and PK-S, are tightly bound to cell structures. By immunofluorescence microscopy GAPDH-S and PK-S were localised in the principal piece of the boar sperm flagellum as well as in the acrosomal region of the sperm head and at the head-midpiece junction. The midpiece of the flagellum, however, contains isoforms of GAPDH and PK that were only recognised by antibodies against somatic GAPDH and PK, respectively, but not by the antibodies against GAPDH-S and PK-S. In sections of boar testis, GAPDH-S and PK-S were first detected in elongating spermatids when both the developing flagellum and the head were labelled with antibodies against GAPDH-S and PK-S. In contrast, antibodies against rabbit muscle GAPDH and PK labelled all developmental stages of germ cells and also neighbouring contractile cells. Thus, the structure-bound sperm-specific enzymes, GAPDH-S and PK-S, appeared only late in spermatogenesis simultaneously with the development of the structures to which they are bound. Anchoring glycolytic enzymes to structures in these mitochondria-free regions may secure ATP-production for both motility and acrosome function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Feiden
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Physiology Section, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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23
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HENLEY WILLIAMF, NEVES RICHARDJ, CACECI THOMAS, SAACKE RICHARDG. Anatomical descriptions and comparison of the reproductive tracts ofUtterbackia imbecillisandVillosa iris(Bivalvia: Unionidae). INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2007.9652221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Turner RM. Moving to the beat: a review of mammalian sperm motility regulation. Reprod Fertil Dev 2006; 18:25-38. [PMID: 16478600 DOI: 10.1071/rd05120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2005] [Accepted: 01/21/2005] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Because it is generally accepted that a high percentage of poorly motile or immotile sperm will adversely affect male fertility, analysis of sperm motility is a central part of the evaluation of male fertility. In spite of its importance to fertility, poor sperm motility remains only a description of a pathology whose underlying cause is typically poorly understood. The present review is designed to bring the clinician up to date with the most current understanding of the mechanisms that regulate sperm motility and to raise questions about how aberrations in these mechanisms could be the underlying causes of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina M Turner
- Department of Clinical Studies, Center for Animal Transgenesis and Germ Cell Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA.
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25
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Andò S, Aquila S. Arguments raised by the recent discovery that insulin and leptin are expressed in and secreted by human ejaculated spermatozoa. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2005; 245:1-6. [PMID: 16274924 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2005.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2005] [Revised: 09/09/2005] [Accepted: 09/20/2005] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The recent findings demonstrating that insulin and leptin are expressed in and secreted by human ejaculated spermatozoa raise the controversial issue related to mRNA function in male gamete. Capacitated sperm display an increased metabolism and overall energy expenditure presumably to affect the changes in sperm signaling and function during capacitation. However the relationship between the signaling events associated with capacitation and the change in sperm metabolism energy is poorly understood. It emerges from the findings here reported that both leptin and insulin may be crucial in ejaculated spermatozoa to manage their energy status. Immunoistochemical analysis revealed that in uncapacitated sperm insulin was located at the subacrosomial level, in the midpiece and through the tail while leptin was immunodetected at the equatorial segment and at the midpiece. Capacitated sperm display an overall decrease and a more uniform distribution in the signal for both hormones and this is in agreement with their enhanced release in the medium. Both hormones in ejaculated sperm somehow recapitulate the cross-talk between their signalling transductional pathways in somatic cells, resulting in the increase of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity, AKT S473 and Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3)-S9 phosphorylations. During capacitation GSK-3 phosphorylation was abolished suggesting how in capacitating sperm there is a block in glycogen synthesis. This reasonably indicates how during capacitation glycogen reserve is mobilized and this makes the glucose as energy substrate available. For instance insulin dismissed by ejaculated spermatozoa up-regulates Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PDH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which has be shown to be crucial in the acquisition of fertilizing capability as well as to mediate gamete fusion. Insulin immunoneutralization or blockage of its release, dramatically down regulated G6PDH. Interestingly, in the presence of a disruptor of insulin signaling wortmannin, an inhibitor of PI3K, the intrinsic activity of G6PDH drops. Leptin appears to play similar action to that of insulin on G6PDH in sperm (data in progress). The enhanced activity of this enzyme induced by both hormones produces an increase of NADPH that is essential for fatty acid synthesis from acetyl CoA. These fatty acids have two possible fates: beta-oxidation to produce ATP or reesterification back into triacylglycerol. Inter-relationships of the classes of substrates of free fatty acids (FFA) and glucose utilized for energy, has been long established [Randle, P.J., 1964. The interrelationships of hormones, fatty acid and glucose in the provision of energy. Postgrad. Med. J. 40, 457-463]. The authors observed in ejaculated spermatozoa what it occurs in somatic cells: FFA beta-oxidation tested utilizing the octanoil-CoA as substrate, appears to be stimulated by leptin and down-regulated by the contemporaneous presence of insulin in uncapacitated sperms. FFA beta-oxidation activity dramatically increases when capacitation starts, so it may be assumed the possibility that leptin may work to stimulate such enzymatic activity providing additional metabolic fuel to triggering capacitation process. The autonomous capability of sperm to release insulin and leptin suggests that they through an autocrine short loop may provide the recruitment of energy substrate according to sperm metabolic needs. This occurs independently by the systemic regulation and may represent a protective mechanism which preserves sperm fertilizing capability by any detrimental effects produced by long calorie restriction or by alterations occurring in the energy homeostasis at systemic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Andò
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, 87030, Italy.
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26
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Aquila S, Gentile M, Middea E, Catalano S, Andò S. Autocrine regulation of insulin secretion in human ejaculated spermatozoa. Endocrinology 2005; 146:552-7. [PMID: 15550513 DOI: 10.1210/en.2004-1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A striking feature of insulin expression is its almost complete restriction to beta-cells of the pancreatic islet in normal mammals. Here we show that insulin is expressed in and secreted from human ejaculated spermatozoa. Both insulin transcript and protein were detected. In addition, the large differences in insulin secretion, assessed by RIA, between noncapacitated and capacitated sperm suggest a role for insulin in capacitation. Insulin had an oscillatory secretory pattern involving glucose dose-dependent increases and significant decreases during the blockage of an insulin autocrine effect. It appears that the effect of glucose on the fertilizing ability of sperm is mediated by glucose metabolism through the pentose phosphate pathway. Then we evaluated the autocrine effect of sperm insulin on glucose metabolism by studying the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the key rate-limiting enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway. The simultaneous decrease in both insulin release and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity induced by blocking the autocrine insulin effect with three different procedures (blockage of insulin release by nifedipine, immune neutralization of the released insulin by antiinsulin serum, and blockage of an insulin intracellular effector such as phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase by wortmannin) strongly suggests a physiological role of sperm insulin on these two events. Insulin secretion by spermatozoa may provide an autocrine regulation of glucose metabolism based on their energetic needs independent of systemic insulin. In conclusion, these data open a new area of study in male reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saveria Aquila
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS) 87030, Italy.
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27
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Abstract
Various alterations in germ cell proliferation/differentiation, survival and energy metabolism are potentially involved in hypospermatogenesis leading to male infertility. Several reviews have been devoted to the different processes whose alteration might underlie hypospermatogenesis, except for energy metabolism in the testis. Energy metabolism in the testis exhibits some specificity in that lactate is the central energy metabolite used by germ cells. This metabolite is produced by somatic Sertoli cells, transported and used by germ cells in the context of an active cooperation under the control of the endocrine system and local cytokines. In this review, we present and discuss relevant published data on energy metabolism in male germ cells with a specific emphasis on lactate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayçal Boussouar
- Inserm 407, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, BP-12, F-69921 Oullins Cedex, France.
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28
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Travis AJ, Tutuncu L, Jorgez CJ, Ord TS, Jones BH, Kopf GS, Williams CJ. Requirements for glucose beyond sperm capacitation during in vitro fertilization in the mouse. Biol Reprod 2004; 71:139-45. [PMID: 14985248 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.103.025809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In both the mouse and the human, it is a point of controversy whether glucose is necessary for in vitro fertilization. Some of this controversy has resulted from a failure to distinguish between requirements for glucose during sperm capacitation versus requirements during the multistage process of fertilization. Using the mouse as a model, we performed a series of experiments designed to identify specific processes that might require glucose. We observed a positive correlation between increasing glucose concentrations during capacitation and fertilization, and increasing fertilization of zona pellucida (ZP)-intact eggs. These data supported a requirement for glucose in the fertilization medium even when sperm were first capacitated in the presence of 5.5 mM glucose. This glucose requirement was observed for both ZP-intact and ZP-free eggs. During ZP-free in vitro fertilization, some binding and fusion between the plasma membrane of the sperm and egg occurred in the absence of glucose and at concentrations less than 1 mM, suggesting that this substrate is not absolutely required. However, glucose concentrations of 1 mM or higher greatly facilitated both binding and fusion under these conditions. These subtle distinctions suggest that during ZP-free in vitro fertilization, 1 mM glucose represents a threshold level that facilitates binding and fusion. Taken as a whole, the data suggest requirements for glucose during both capacitation and fertilization under normal physiologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Travis
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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29
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Wu HT, Chou CK, Lin CS, Huang MC. Effects of Glucose Concentration on in vitro Fertilization in BALB/c Mice. Reprod Domest Anim 2003; 38:470-4. [PMID: 14629670 DOI: 10.1046/j.0936-6768.2003.00465.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BALB/c mice are widely used in genetic, tumour and immunological studies. However, the mice demonstrate a lower reproduction rate, low fertility and small litters, because of their highly genetic homozygoisty. Based on in vitro fertilization (IVF), a routine technique for biomedical studies, it is worth to evaluate the effects to BALB/c mice on IVF efficiency. In order to test the genetic factor affecting the IVF efficiency of BALB/c, four reciprocal IVF tests of BALB/cByJ and FVB/NCrl mice were performed. The results showed that the average fertility of IVF sponsored by FVB/NCrl spermatozoa was 69.6%, but only 12.1% was obtained from BALB/cByJ strain. Effect of glucose contained in the culture medium to the IVF efficiency of BALB/cByJ was also evaluated. The results showed that the fertility of BALB/cByJ spermatozoa incubated with 0, 2.7, 5.5, 11.1 and 22.2 mm of glucose in the TYH medium were 6.8, 9.9, 13.9, 32.7 and 22.2%, respectively. It is showed that IVF efficiency of BALB/cByJ spermatozoa could be improved depending on the concentration of glucose in the IVF medium. According to the results, it is beleived that lower IVF of BALB/cByJ mice might be due to the genetic defect in spermatozoa and increasing glucose in the IVF medium which significantly affect the IVF efficiency of BALB/cByl via activating the spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Wu
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan
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30
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Sakkas D, Leppens-Luisier G, Lucas H, Chardonnens D, Campana A, Franken DR, Urner F. Localization of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins in human sperm and relation to capacitation and zona pellucida binding. Biol Reprod 2003; 68:1463-9. [PMID: 12606470 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.011023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian sperm must undergo a process known as capacitation before fertilization can take place. A key intracellular event that occurs during capacitation is protein tyrosine phosphorylation. The objective of this study was to investigate and visualize protein tyrosine phosphorylation patterns in human sperm during capacitation and interaction with the zona pellucida. The presence of specific patterns was also assessed in relation to the fertilizing capacity of the spermatozoa after in vitro fertilization. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation was investigated by immunofluorescence. Phosphorylation increased significantly with capacitation and was localized mainly to the principal piece of human sperm. Following binding to the zona pellucida, the percentage of sperm with phosphotyrosine residues localized to both the neck and the principal piece was significantly higher in bound sperm than in capacitated sperm in suspension. When the percentage of principal piece-positive sperm present after capacitation was <7%, fertilization rates after in vitro fertilization were reduced. Different compartments of human spermatozoa undergo a specific sequence of phosphorylation during both capacitation and upon binding to the zona pellucida. Tyrosine phosphorylation in the principal and neck piece may be considered a prerequisite for fertilization in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sakkas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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31
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Abstract
The human oocyte fertilizes and develops into embryos in the Fallopian tube and reaches the uterus only after compaction. However, for several years embryos that were developed following in-vitro fertilization (IVF) were transferred into the uterus on day 2 or 3 at the 4-8 cell stage in contrast to the in-vivo situation where they would be present in the Fallopian tube. Earlier attempts to grow embryos in vitro for 5 to 6 days were not always successful. Attempts were therefore made to understand the in-vivo environment of the Fallopian tube where the early embryonic development occurs. This article reviews the studies carried out to understand the composition of fluids in the Fallopian tube specifically with reference to the energy metabolites - lactate, pyruvate and glucose; it also covers how the formulation of culture media for human IVF and embryonic development were modified over the years based on some classical work done on embryo culture in laboratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajvi H Mehta
- Hope Infertility Clinic, 12 Aga Abbas Road, Bangalore 560 042, India
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O'Connell M, McClure N, Lewis SEM. The effects of cryopreservation on sperm morphology, motility and mitochondrial function. Hum Reprod 2002; 17:704-9. [PMID: 11870124 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/17.3.704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of cryoinjury were determined simultaneously on the mitochondrial function, motility, morphology and viability of ejaculated human sperm. METHOD Rhodamine 123 (R123) uptake (% of sperm) and stain intensity were used to determine sperm mitochondrial activity before and after cryopreservation from the semen of 50 men attending for infertility investigation. Morphology was assessed using Tygerberg's strict criteria and viability was assessed by eosin Y. Sperm motility was measured using computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA). RESULTS Freeze-thawing caused a 37% (P = 0.001) reduction in normal morphological forms of sperm. All CASA sperm motility parameters except amplitude of lateral head displacement were similarly reduced. R123 uptake and intensity within sperm mitochondria decreased by 36 and 47% respectively (both P = 0.001). In addition, there was a similar significant decrease (31%, P = 0.001) in the viability of the sperm. CONCLUSIONS Sperm morphology, motility, mitochondrial activities and viability are equally susceptible to cryopreservation-induced damage. R123 intensity is a novel and robust indicator of mitochondrial function before and after such trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O'Connell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Queen's University of Belfast, Institute of Clinical Science, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BJ, Northern Ireland
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Verstegen J, Iguer-Ouada M, Onclin K. Computer assisted semen analyzers in andrology research and veterinary practice. Theriogenology 2002; 57:149-79. [PMID: 11775967 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(01)00664-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of sperm cell motility and morphology is an essential parameter in the examination of sperm quality and in the establishment of correlations between sperm quality and fertility. Computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) allows an objective assessment of different cell characteristics: motion, velocity, and morphology. The development and problems related to this technology are raised in this review, paying particular attention to the biases and standardization requirements absolutely needed to obtain useful results. Although some interesting results, mainly in humans, have already been obtained, many questions remain, which have to be answered to allow for further development of this technology in veterinary medicine, clinical fertility settings, physiological, and toxicology research activities. The main problem is related to the standardization and optimization of the equipment and procedures. The different CASA instruments have all demonstrated high levels of precision and reliability using different sperm classification methodology. Their availability gives us a great tool to objectively compare sperm motility and morphology and to improve our knowledge and ability to manipulate spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Verstegen
- University of Liège, Department of Animal Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Reproduction Bd Colonster 20, B44, B 4000 Liège Belgium
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Urner F, Leppens-Luisier G, Sakkas D. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation in sperm during gamete interaction in the mouse: the influence of glucose. Biol Reprod 2001; 64:1350-7. [PMID: 11319138 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod64.5.1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A key intracellular event during capacitation is protein tyrosine phosphorylation, but its involvement during sperm interaction with the oocyte has not been investigated. Glucose is necessary to achieve fertilization and thus may have an influence on sperm protein tyrosine phosphorylation. The objectives of this study were to 1) visualize protein tyrosine phosphorylation patterns in sperm during capacitation and interaction with the oocyte and 2) determine the influence of glucose. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation was investigated by Western analysis and immunofluorescence. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation was increased during capacitation, and immunofluorescence revealed that zona binding and gamete fusion were correlated with an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins in the midpiece. During capacitation, the absence of glucose led to a delay in the appearance of protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Following binding to the zona pellucida and the oolemma, tyrosine phosphorylation in the flagellum was also delayed in the absence of glucose and resulted in a significant inhibition of the midpiece phosphorylation. The correlation between successful gamete fusion and the tyrosine phosphorylation of midpiece proteins suggests that the effect of glucose on sperm-oocyte interaction is mediated through regulation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in a specific area of the fertilizing sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Urner
- Clinic of Sterility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland.
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Iguer-ouada M, Verstegen JP. Long-term preservation of chilled canine semen: effect of commercial and laboratory prepared extenders. Theriogenology 2001; 55:671-84. [PMID: 11233792 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(01)00435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate chilled semen conservation over time in 3 commercial and 4 laboratory prepared extenders, including a new Tris-glucose extender. The beneficial effect of adding egg yolk to these media was also analyzed. The effects of these extenders on motility and acrosome reaction were characterized objectively using a computer-aided semen analyzer and the chlortetracycline staining, respectively. No significant differences were observed when comparing the different commercial extenders without egg yolk, but addition of egg yolk improved all motility parameters significantly (preservation of 50% of motility was observed at 3.2+/-1, 2.9+/-0.5, 2.3+/-0.5, 8.5+/-0.2, 5.4+/-1.1, 5.2+/-0.4 d, for Biladyl, green extender and fresh-phos extenders without and with egg yolk, respectively). Motility parameters were best preserved in egg yolk supplemented Biladyl extender with a mean percentage of 86.3+/-10.5 motile spermatozoa after 7 d at 4 degrees C. Efficacy of egg yolk-supplemented commercial extenders on sperm motility at 4 degrees C was (in decreasing order) as follows: Biladyl > green extender > fresh-phos. However, high quality motility and the percentage of motile spermatozoa were highest with some of the laboratory prepared extenders: a 50% conservation rate of motile spermatozoa was observed following the use of supplemented egg yolk extenders. These are classified in decreasing order as follows: Tris-glucose (13+/-1 d) > Tris-fructose (9.7+/-0.6) > EDTA (4.+/-0.6 d) > Tris-bes (3.6+/-1.1 d). A low concentration of motile spermatozoa was still observed in the Tris-glucose egg yolk extender 16 d after collection, clearly demonstrating the importance of the medium and the beneficial effect of egg yolk on sperm motility of 4 degrees C chilled semen. Similar effects of extender were observed for acrosome reactions. Egg yolk clearly had a protective effect reducing acrosome reactions significantly in all media tested as follows: the highest acrosome losses were observed in the fresh-phos and EDTA extenders without egg yolk; the lowest rate was observed with Tris-glucose supplemented egg yolk extender. In conclusion, at 4 degrees C, egg yolk extender best-protected sperm motility parameters. Differences in osmolarity between the extenders in terms of substrate related to sperm metabolic activity may explain the optimal results obtained using egg yolk-supplemented Tris-glucose extender, which preserved motility and acrosome integrity in chilled dog semen. These results indicated that good quality dog spermatozoa could be preserved for up to 10 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iguer-ouada
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Veterinary College, University of Liège, Belgium
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Arias WM, Mezquita C, Mezquita J. Expression of lactate dehydrogenases A and B during chicken spermatogenesis: characterization of testis specific transcripts. J Cell Biochem 2000; 79:15-27. [PMID: 10906752 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4644(2000)79:1<15::aid-jcb30>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The substrates required for glycolysis change markedly at successive stages of spermatogenesis suggesting a considerable plasticity in the expression of glycolytic enzymes. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes, LDH-A and LDH-B, are expressed in premeiotic, meiotic cells, and early spermatids, both in avian and mammalian spermatogenesis. Highly polyadenylated forms, particularly of LDH-A, were detected in chicken testis. While mammals and columbid birds express the testis specific LDH-C gene in meiotic and postmeiotic cells, several LDH-B testis specific transcripts were detected in the corresponding cells during chicken spermatogenesis. These testis specific transcripts and the mRNA of mammalian LDH-C show several properties in common, such as temporal correlation of expression, mRNA stability, and repression of premature translation. These observations suggest that the testis specific transcripts could perform during chicken spermatogenesis the functions of the LDH-C mRNA in mammalian testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Arias
- Laboratori de Genètica Molecular, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Urner F, Sakkas D. Characterization of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway activity during sperm entry into the mouse oocyte. Biol Reprod 1999; 60:973-8. [PMID: 10084974 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod60.4.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the events that occur during gamete fusion and sperm decondensation in the oocyte remains difficult because sperm-oocyte fusion and subsequent sperm decondensation represent a short part of the fertilization process, and their exact timing is difficult to determine. There is therefore a need for greater understanding of the events that occur during this period. The main purpose of this study was to examine the metabolic aspects of this time frame by characterizing glucose metabolism (glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathway [PPP] activities) during sperm fusion and decondensation into zona-free oocytes in mice. The metabolism of glucose through both glycolysis and the PPP was measured in ovulated MII oocytes, free of cumulus cells, and the levels of glucose metabolized were found to be low. Upon sperm entry, both glycolytic and PPP activity increased substantially. To determine whether this elevation in glucose metabolism was part of the activation process, the metabolism of parthenogenetically activated oocytes was measured, and no increase in metabolism was observed. The characterization of glucose metabolism during sperm fusion and decondensation into the oocyte, and comparison to parthenogenetically activated oocytes, showed that the fertilizing sperm is responsible for an increase in both glycolytic and PPP activity during fusion and/or decondensation. The significance of this observation during the fertilization process and for the developing embryo is as yet unclear and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Urner
- Clinic of Sterility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
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Urner F, Sakkas D. A possible role for the pentose phosphate pathway of spermatozoa in gamete fusion in the mouse. Biol Reprod 1999; 60:733-9. [PMID: 10026124 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod60.3.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism is essential for successful gamete fusion in the mouse. Although the metabolic activity of the oocyte does not appear to play a significant role in the fusion step, the metabolic role of the spermatozoon is not known. The aim of this study was therefore to characterize the role of glucose metabolism in mouse spermatozoa. Initially, the high-affinity glucose transporter GLUT3 was identified in mouse sperm. In characterizing the glucose metabolism of mouse sperm, we have shown 1) that mouse epididymal spermatozoa have a functional pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), implying that they produce NADPH, which is required for reducing reactions, and ribose 5-phosphate, which is required for nucleic acid synthesis; and 2) that sperm are able to fuse with the oocyte when NADPH is substituted for glucose, suggesting that sperm need to produce NADPH via the PPP in order to be able to achieve fertilization. The existence of an NADPH-regulated event that influences the ability of the sperm to fuse with the oocyte is envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Urner
- Clinic of Sterility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
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An Intimate Biochemistry: Egg-Regulated Acrosome Reactions of Mammalian Sperm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1064-2722(08)60021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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40
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Capacitation of the Mammalian Spermatozoon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1064-2722(08)60017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Parinaud J, Milhet P, Vieitez G, Richoilley G. Use of a medium devoid of any human or animal compound (SMART2) for embryo culture in intracytoplasmic sperm injection. J Assist Reprod Genet 1999; 16:13-6. [PMID: 9987688 PMCID: PMC3468212 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022537410966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Our purpose was to evaluate the efficiency of a medium, devoid of any human or animal compound and specially designed for early embryo development (from the zygote to the eight-cell stage), SMART2, in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and to compare it with a medium containing human serum albumin (EllioStep2). METHODS Oocytes from 50 ICSI attempts were randomly placed, after sperm injection, into either SMART2 or EllioStep2. After a 48-hr incubation, the embryos were examined for quality scoring before transfer or freezing. RESULTS The percentage of normally fertilized oocytes per intact oocytes was slightly higher using SMART2 (139/199 vs. 135/224, respectively, for SMART2 and EllioStep2; P < 0.05). The distribution of embryo scores and the percentage of embryos with a fair morphology (71/143 vs. 72/148, respectively, for SMART2 and EllioStep2; not significant) were identical in both media. CONCLUSIONS These data show that SMART2 medium can be successfully used for early embryo growth and, because it is devoid of any human or animal compound, offers better safety for patients than conventional media.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Parinaud
- Laboratoire de Fécondation In Vitro, CHU La Grave, Toulouse, France
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Leese
- Department of Biology, University of York, U.K
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Lackey BR, Boone WR, Gray SL, Henricks DM. Computer-assisted sperm motion analysis of bovine sperm treated with insulin-like growth factor I and II: implications as motility regulators and chemokinetic factors. ARCHIVES OF ANDROLOGY 1998; 41:115-25. [PMID: 9730440 DOI: 10.3109/01485019808987953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The effects of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) I and II on motility of bovine sperm were examined using a computer-assisted sperm motion analyzer (CASA). The following kinematic parameters were examined: percentage of rapidly moving cells, straight-line velocity , curvilinear velocity, average path velocity, amplitude of lateral head displacement, and beat cross frequency. Sperm were treated with IGF-I (100 ng/mL) or IGF-II (250 ng/mL) and compared to sperm in modified Tyrodes' medium only (control) at 90, 180, and 360 min using CASA. Insulin-like growth factor I and II increased the percentage of rapidly moving cells, straight-line velocity, curvilinear velocity, average path velocity, amplitude of lateral head displacement, and beat cross frequency compared to the control treatment. These results indicate that IGFs may be involved in initiation and maintenance of bovine sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Lackey
- Animal and Veterinary Science Department, Clemson University, South Carolina 29634, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Visconti
- Center for Research on Reproduction & Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104-6080, USA.
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