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Kaur M, Kaur R, Chhabra K, Khetarpal P. Maternal candidate gene variants, epigenetic factors, and susceptibility to idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss: A systematic review. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2023; 162:829-841. [PMID: 36710639 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as the loss of two or more pregnancies and is a distressing condition for couples. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between variants in the candidate susceptibility genes and epigenetic factors to identify risk factors for idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (iRPL). SEARCH STRATEGY A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases. Insilico analysis was carried out using ShinyGO and STRING software. SELECTION CRITERIA Research papers examining the association between variations in genetic and epigenetic factors and iRPL. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data were independently extracted by two authors. MAIN RESULTS In total, 83 research papers were finally selected for the present study. Among all the genes involved in the pathogenesis of recurrent pregnancy loss, polymorphisms in IL superfamily genes, VEGF, ESR, and MTHFR were the most investigated. CONCLUSION Polymorphisms in angiogenesis, immune tolerance, and thrombophilia pathway genes, which occur independently or synergistically, may lead to various complications during fetal development. Identification of multi-allele risk variants and epigenetic factors in women will be helpful in the identification of high-risk pregnancies. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER Prospero CRD42021287315.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kaur
- Human Genetics Department, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala, India
| | - Rajinder Kaur
- Human Genetics Department, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala, India
| | - Kiran Chhabra
- Chhabra Hospital & Test Tube Baby Centre, Bathinda, India
| | - Preeti Khetarpal
- Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Department, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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dos Santos RTN, de Lima LPO, Muniz MTC, Álvares PR, da Silveira MMF, Sobral APV. Genetic polymorphism of interleukins 6 and 17 correlated with apical periodontitis: A Cross-sectional study. Braz Dent J 2023; 34:22-28. [PMID: 38133469 PMCID: PMC10759955 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukins 6 and 17 act in bone resorption in the presence of infections of endodontic origin for host defense. Genetic polymorphisms may be associated with increased bone loss, represented by areas of large periapical lesions. This study aimed to verify the frequency of interleukin 6 and 17 gene polymorphism in patients with asymptomatic apical periodontitis or chronic apical abscess and to verify the existence of correlations between periapical lesion area with age, gender, and presence of the polymorphism, in the studied population, in the state of Pernambuco. A population consisting of thirty diagnosed individuals was included. The area of the lesions was measured in mm². Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyping was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism for interleukin 6 (rs 1800795) and interleukin 17 (rs 2275913). Fisher's exact, chi-square, and odds ratio tests were used. A logistic regression analysis was also performed using sex, age, and the presence of polymorphism as covariates, in addition to linear regression to test the relationship between age and lesion area. All tests used a significance level of 0.05% (p ≤0.05%). There was no statistical significance in the occurrence of large areas of periapical lesions correlated with age, sex, and diagnosis, nor in the distribution of alleles in the polymorphism of interleukins 6 and 17 in the studied groups. The frequency of homozygous and heterozygous polymorphism was high. The polymorphism of these interleukins is not correlated with the increase in the areas of asymptomatic periapical inflammatory lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pâmella Recco Álvares
- Departament of Stomatology and Oral and Maxilofacial Patology, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Veras Sobral
- Departament of Stomatology and Oral and Maxilofacial Patology, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Aquino RCADE, Barros BRS, Silva GAS, Sousa GFDE, Souza EBDE, Silva DRC, Nascimento AVDO, Sá IWADE, Lima ELSDE, Silva BO, Lima LPODE, Vieira AM, Barbosa Neto AG, Marcos BFS, Silva AJD, Oliveira THADE, Carvalho BM, Muniz MTC, Freitas ACDE, Campelo Júnior EB, Melo CMLDE. Healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19 patients present an inflammatory status and Th2/Th17/Th22 immune profile: findings from before vaccine application in Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20220502. [PMID: 37255169 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320220502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthcare workers present an increased risk of contagion for the SARS-CoV-2 virus due to their labor exposure. Here, we describe the clinical, laboratory, and immunological characteristics of healthcare workers, before vaccine application, exposed to SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. We collected sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory information from 50 professionals who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic at the Clinical Hospital of the Northwest in Brazil. The results showed that most workers are women, over 50 years old, and worked as nursing technicians. Approximately 56% of workers were positive for a previous infection by RT-PCR and/or anti-SARS-CoV-2-immunoglobulin tests. Increased levels of hematocrit, neutrophils, NK lymphocytes, and fibrinogen, were found in positive healthcare workers, suggesting a light inflammatory status. The immunological findings showed an increase in IL-17 production and a Th2/Th17/Th22 profile followed by high serology for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG. Those data reveal the importance of studies with healthcare workers to investigate if the continuous exposition to the virus may result in chronic activation of the immune system and/or pulmonary inflammation in this target group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Cesar A DE Aquino
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Laboratory of Immunological and Antitumor Analysis, Department of Antibiotics, Bioscience Center, Av. Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory Institute (iLIKA), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Rafaela S Barros
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Laboratory of Immunological and Antitumor Analysis, Department of Antibiotics, Bioscience Center, Av. Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory Institute (iLIKA), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Antonio S Silva
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Laboratory of Immunological and Antitumor Analysis, Department of Antibiotics, Bioscience Center, Av. Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory Institute (iLIKA), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Georon F DE Sousa
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Laboratory of Immunological and Antitumor Analysis, Department of Antibiotics, Bioscience Center, Av. Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory Institute (iLIKA), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Edson B DE Souza
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Clinical Hospital, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Dyego R C Silva
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Clinical Hospital, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Arione V DO Nascimento
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Clinical Hospital, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Igor W A DE Sá
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Clinical Hospital, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Elker L S DE Lima
- University of Pernambuco, Institute of Biological Sciences, Rua Arnóbio Marquês, 310, Santo Amaro, 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Bárbara O Silva
- University of Pernambuco, Institute of Biological Sciences, Rua Arnóbio Marquês, 310, Santo Amaro, 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luísa P O DE Lima
- University of Pernambuco, Institute of Biological Sciences, Rua Arnóbio Marquês, 310, Santo Amaro, 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Amanda M Vieira
- University of Pernambuco, Institute of Biological Sciences, Rua Arnóbio Marquês, 310, Santo Amaro, 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Adauto G Barbosa Neto
- University of Pernambuco, Institute of Biological Sciences, Rua Arnóbio Marquês, 310, Santo Amaro, 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Bianca F São Marcos
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy, Department of Genetics, Bioscience Center, Avenida Reitor Joaquim Amazonas, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-570 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Anna Jéssica D Silva
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy, Department of Genetics, Bioscience Center, Avenida Reitor Joaquim Amazonas, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-570 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Talita Helena Araújo DE Oliveira
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy, Department of Genetics, Bioscience Center, Avenida Reitor Joaquim Amazonas, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-570 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Bruno M Carvalho
- University of Pernambuco, Institute of Biological Sciences, Rua Arnóbio Marquês, 310, Santo Amaro, 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza C Muniz
- University of Pernambuco, Institute of Biological Sciences, Rua Arnóbio Marquês, 310, Santo Amaro, 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos DE Freitas
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy, Department of Genetics, Bioscience Center, Avenida Reitor Joaquim Amazonas, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-570 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Evônio B Campelo Júnior
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Clinical Hospital, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Cristiane M L DE Melo
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Laboratory of Immunological and Antitumor Analysis, Department of Antibiotics, Bioscience Center, Av. Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory Institute (iLIKA), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Campello CP, Lima ELS, Fernandes RSM, Lemos CAA, Muniz MTC. Genetic polymorphisms of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 in female elderly patients with chronic temporomandibular disorder pain. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2023; 43:144-151. [PMID: 35849847 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To verify the association of the TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 polymorphisms with chronic temporomandibular disorder pain development in female elderly patients. METHODS Participants were evaluated according to Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. The genomic DNA was extracted from blood according to the Salting Out method followed by a quantification using the NanoDrop spectrophotometer. The -308G/A TNF-α polymorphism analysis was performed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique, the determination of -174G/C IL-6 polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction, and the evaluation of the -1082A/G IL-10 polymorphism was carried out by polymerase chain reaction- allele-specific amplification. Data were analyzed using the BioEstat 5.3 software. RESULTS The -308G/A TNF-α polymorphism showed a significant difference when genotypes of cases with chronic temporomandibular disorder pain and controls were compared (p = .025). There was a lack of association regarding the -174G/C IL-6 polymorphism (p = .286) however, a positive association between the -1082A/G IL-10 polymorphism with chronic temporomandibular disorder was observed (p = .020). CONCLUSION The analyzed data of elderly subjects support the possible involvement of the GA genotype of the -308G/A TNF-α and the AA genotype of the -1082A/G IL-10 polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of chronic temporomandibular disorder pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Porto Campello
- MSc in Speech Sciences, PhD in Biotechnology in Health at Northeast Biotechnology Network- RENORBIO/UFRPE, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital, Recife, Brazil
| | - Elker Lene Santos Lima
- PhD in Biotechnology in Health, Postdoctoral Researcher in Health Sciences at Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Pernambuco-UPE, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital, Recife, Brazil
| | - Renata Silva Melo Fernandes
- Associate Professor at Department of Prosthesis and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Cleidiel Aparecido Araújo Lemos
- Associate Professor at Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora-UFJF, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza Cartaxo Muniz
- Associate Professor at Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Pernambuco-UPE, Head of Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital, Recife, Brazil
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The Update Immune-Regulatory Role of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Recurrent Pregnancy Losses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010132. [PMID: 36613575 PMCID: PMC9820098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy losses (RPL) is a common reproductive disorder with various underlying etiologies. In recent years, rapid progress has been made in exploring the immunological mechanisms for RPL. A propensity toward Th2 over Th1 and regulatory T (Treg) over Th17 immune responses may be advantageous for reproductive success. In women with RPL and animals prone to abortion, an inordinate expression of cytokines associated with implantation and early embryo development is present in the endometrium or decidua secreted from immune and non-immune cells. Hence, an adverse cytokine milieu at the maternal-fetal interface assaults immunological tolerance, leading to fetal rejection. Similar to T cells, NK cells can be categorized based on the characteristics of cytokines they secrete. Decidual NK (dNK) cells of RPL patients exhibited an increased NK1/NK2 ratio (IFN-γ/IL-4 producing NK cell ratios), leading to pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu and increased NK cell cytotoxicity. Genetic polymorphism may be the underlying etiologies for Th1 and Th17 propensity since it alters cytokine production. In addition, various hormones participate in cytokine regulations, including progesterone and estrogen, controlling cytokine balance in favor of the Th2 type. Consequently, the intricate regulation of cytokines and hormones may prevent the RPL of immune etiologies. Local or systemic administration of cytokines or their antagonists might help maintain adequate cytokine milieu, favoring Th2 over Th1 response or Treg over Th17 immune response in women with RPL. Herein, we provided an updated comprehensive review regarding the immune-regulatory role of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in RPL. Understanding the roles of cytokines involved in RPL might significantly advance the early diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of RPL.
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Pourroostaei Ardakani P, Rahimi B, Panahi M, Sheykhi K, Karimian B, Rahimi H. Molecular investigation of association between common IL-6 polymorphism with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and recurrent miscarriage in Iranian women. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9499-9507. [PMID: 35962216 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07835-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is described as two or more spontaneous abortions. To date, scientists in various fields of knowledge, such as genetics, endocrinology, anatomy, immunology, and microbiology, have identified some important factors that affect abortions; nonetheless, the precise basic etiology is not determined in up to 50% of RPL cases. Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and host genetic background, like IL-6 SNP polymorphisms, play important roles in RPL etiology. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the relationships among single nucleotide polymorphisms (-634C/G and -174 G/C) in the IL-6 gene with CMV infection and the risk of RPL for early detection and treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS This case-control study was carried on 80 Iranian females with RPL and 80 healthy females as controls. DNA was extracted from samples and CMV and IL6 SNPs were detected using Tetra ARMS-PCR. Statistics were analyzed by Epi Info TM and SPSS software by X2 test for the roles of CMV detection and two polymorphisms in RPL. RESULTS The results indicated an increased rate of CMV infection in the RPL group (44%) compared to the control group (25.45%). The prevalence of IL-6-634C/G genotype among RPL patients with CMV infection was 80%, while the frequency of this genotype among RPL patients without CMV infection was 50%. Furthermore, no substantial relation was found between IL-6-174 G/C genotypes and RPL (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION This study not only indicated a significant role for CMV in RPL, but also showed an association between CMV and allele G in IL6-634 among Iranian women. In addition, the findings suggested the use of CMV and IL-6-634 GG genotypes as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for RPL in the Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bahareh Rahimi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Panahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kazhaal Sheykhi
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Babak Karimian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Rahimi
- Texas Biomedical Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Salimi E, Karimi-Zarchi M, Dastgheib SA, Abbasi H, Tabatabaiee RS, Hadadan A, Amjadi N, Akbarian-Bafghi MJ, Neamatzadeh H. Association of Promoter Region Polymorphisms of IL-6 and IL-18 Genes with Risk of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2020; 39:346-359. [PMID: 31437073 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2019.1652379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: The present meta-analysis was performed to investigate the association of promoter region polymorphisms at IL-6 and IL-18 genes with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) risk. Methods: An electronic search of the PubMed, Embase, ISI Web of Knowledge and CNKI databases was performed to identify eligible studies up to May 30, 2019. Results: A total of 31 case-control studies were finally selected. Significant associations with the risk of RPL were detected for the IL-6 -174 G > C, -634 G > C and IL-18 -137 G > C polymorphisms in overall population. Further, subgroup analyses by ethnicity revealed that the IL-6 -174 G > C and -634 G > C polymorphisms were significantly associated with risk of RPL risk in Asians. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the IL-6 -174 G > C, -634 G > C and IL-18 -137 G > C polymorphisms may contribute to the susceptibility of RPL. The IL-18 -607 C > A polymorphism does not appear to influence the development of RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfaneh Salimi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Karimi-Zarchi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hajar Abbasi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Sadat Tabatabaiee
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amaneh Hadadan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nooshin Amjadi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Neamatzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Zhang M, Xu J, Bao X, Niu W, Wang L, Du L, Zhang N, Sun Y. Association between Genetic Polymorphisms in Interleukin Genes and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169891. [PMID: 28103273 PMCID: PMC5245830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukins are a group of immunomodulatory proteins that mediate a variety of immune reactions in the human body. To investigate the association between interleukin gene polymorphisms and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), we reviewed 21 studies from MEDLINE, EMBASE, OVID SP and PubMed to evaluate RPL-related interleukin gene polymorphisms. Meta-analysis was performed on 12 of the polymorphisms, and a review included the others. Our integrated results indicated that IL-1β (-511C/T) (P = 0.02, 95% CI 0.77[0.62,0.96]), IL-6 (-634C/G) (P<0.001, 95% CI 2.91[2.01,4.22]), IL-10 (-1082G/A, -819T/C) (P = 0.01, 95% CI 0.80[0.67,0.96]; P<0.01, 95% CI 0.66[0.49,0.89]), and IL-18 (-137G/C, -105G/A) (P<0.01, 95% CI 1.69[1.24,2.31]; P = <0.01, 95% CI 1.41[1.17,1.70]) consistently associated with RPL after meta-analysis. IL-17A rs2275913 and IL-17F rs763780, IL-21 rs2055979 and rs13143866, IL-1β (-31C/T), IL-6 (-2954G/C), and IL-10 (-536A/G) were reported only once as having a significant association with RPL. The potential mechanism underlying miscarriage and these polymorphisms and future research directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiang Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Bao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Niu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linqing Du
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingpu Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Ramos BRDA, Mendes ND, Tanikawa AA, Amador MAT, dos Santos NPC, dos Santos SEB, Castelli EC, Witkin SS, da Silva MG. Ancestry informative markers and selected single nucleotide polymorphisms in immunoregulatory genes on preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of membranes: a case control study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2016; 16:30. [PMID: 26846412 PMCID: PMC4743423 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-016-0823-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A genetic predisposition to Preterm Labor (PTL) and Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM) has been suggested; however the relevance of polymorphisms and ancestry to susceptibility to PTL and PPROM in different populations remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of maternal and fetal SNPs in the IL1B, IL6, IL6R, TNFA, TNFR, IL10, TLR2, TLR4, MMP9, TIMP1 and TIMP2 genes and the influence of ancestry background in the susceptibility to PTL or PPROM in Brazilian women. Methods Case–control study conducted at a tertiary hospital in São Paulo State, Brazil. We included women with PTL or PPROM and their babies (PTL: 136 women and 88 babies; PPROM: 65 women and 44 babies). Control group included 402 mother-babies pairs of term deliveries. Oral swabs were collected for identification of AIMs by fragment analysis and SNPs by Taqman® SNP Genotyping Assays and PCR. Linkage Disequilibrium and Hardy-Weinberg proportions were evaluated using Genepop 3.4. Haplotypes were inferred using the PHASE algorithm. Allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies were compared by Fisher’s exact test or χ2 and Odds Ratio. Logistic regression was performed. Clinical and sociodemographic data were analyzed by Fisher’s exact test and Mann–Whitney. Results PTL was associated with European ancestry and smoking while African ancestry was protective. The fetal alleles IL10-592C (rs800872) and IL10-819C (rs1800871) were also associated with PTL and the maternal haplotype TNFA-308G-238A was protective. Maternal presence of IL10-1082G (rs1800896) and TLR2A (rs4696480) alleles increased the risk for PPROM while TNFA-238A (rs361525) was protective. Family history of PTL/PPROM was higher in cases, and time to delivery was influenced by IL1B-31T (rs1143627) and TLR4-299G (rs4986790). Conclusion There is an association between European ancestry and smoking and PTL in our Brazilian population sample. The presence of maternal or fetal alleles that modify the inflammatory response increase the susceptibility to PTL and PPROM. The family history of PTL/PPROM reinforces a role for genetic polymorphisms in susceptibility to these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Ribeiro de Andrade Ramos
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, 18618-970, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Niele Dias Mendes
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, 18618-970, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Aline Aki Tanikawa
- Blood Transfusion Center, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Erick C Castelli
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, 18618-970, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Steven S Witkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Márcia Guimarães da Silva
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, 18618-970, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Rasti Z, Nasiri M, Kohan L. The IL-6 -634C/G polymorphism: a candidate genetic marker for the prediction of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss. Int J Reprod Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.29252/ijrm.14.2.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Association between IL-6 -174 G/C, IL-6 -634 G/C, and IFN-γ +874 A/T polymorphisms and susceptibility to recurrent pregnancy loss: a meta-analysis. J Assist Reprod Genet 2015; 32:1421-7. [PMID: 26341097 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-015-0566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether interleukin-6 (IL-6) -174 G/C, IL-6 -634 G/C, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) +874 A/T polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). METHODS We conducted a literature search using PubMed and EMBASE databases and performed a meta-analysis using fixed- or random-effects models. RESULTS A total of 15 articles met the study inclusion criteria. When all study subjects were considered together, meta-analysis showed no association between RPL and the IL-6 -174 GG + GC genotype (odds ratio [OR] = 0.794, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 0.542-1.163, p = 0.236). However, stratification of the data by ethnicity indicated an association between this genotype and RPL in non-Caucasians (OR = 0.528, 95 % CI = 0.302-0.925, p = 0.028), but not in Caucasian populations. Moreover, meta-analysis revealed an association between RPL and the IL-6 -634 GG + GC genotype in all study subjects (OR = 0.556, 95 % CI = 0.383-0.806, p = 0.002), while stratification by ethnicity revealed a negative association between this genotype and RPL in Asian (OR = 0.545, 95 % CI = 0.371-0.800, p = 0.002) but not Middle Eastern populations. Furthermore, a relationship between the IFN-γ +874 A allele and RPL was identified in non-Caucasians (OR = 1.403, 95 % CI = 1.133-1.734, p = 0.002), but not in Caucasians. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrates that IL-6 -174 G/C, IL-6 -634 G/C, and IFN-γ +874 A/T polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to RPL, particularly in non-Caucasians.
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Saifi B, Rezaee SA, Tajik N, Ahmadpour ME, Ashrafi M, Vakili R, SoleimaniAsl S, Aflatoonian R, Mehdizadeh M. Th17 cells and related cytokines in unexplained recurrent spontaneous miscarriage at the implantation window. Reprod Biomed Online 2014; 29:481-9. [PMID: 25154016 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) might be caused by the mother's immunological rejection of the fetus. In this cross-sectional study, the percentage of T helper 17 (Th17), T regulatory (Treg) cells and their cytokines as the main players of immunomodulation in peripheral blood lymphocytes during the luteal phase of 20 women with unexplained RSA were compared with 20 normal non-pregnant women. The percentage of Treg cells in the former was significantly lower compared with controls. The percentage of Th17 cells in the former was higher than controls. Expression of IL-23, IL-17, IL-6 cytokines in the former was significantly higher than controls, but the higher expression of IL-21 was not significant. The gene expression of TGF-β and FoxP3 in the former was lower than controls. Significant positive correlations were found between the percentage of Th17 cells with IL-23, IL-6 and IL-17 and between expression of IL-23 and IL-6 and IL-17. IL-6 gene expression showed a significant positive correlation with IL-17. Therefore, imbalance of Th17-Treg cells and the consequent changes in cytokine expression might be implicated in the pathogenesis of unexplained RSA and may provide new insight into the immunoregulatory events at the maternal-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Saifi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nader Tajik
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahnaz Ashrafi
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rosita Vakili
- Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara SoleimaniAsl
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Reza Aflatoonian
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Drozdzik M, Szlarb N, Kurzawski M. Interleukin-6 level and gene polymorphism in spontaneous miscarriage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 82:171-6. [PMID: 24032723 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The aetiology of spontaneous miscarriage, the most common pregnancy complication, remains undefined. One of postulated factors involved in miscarriage pathology is interleukin 6 (IL-6). Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate IL-6 and interleukin 6 receptor (IL-6R) gene polymorphisms in patients with spontaneous miscarriage. One hundred fifty-seven patients diagnosed with spontaneous miscarriage and age and gestational time matched controls were included in the case-control study. In all study participants circulating IL-6 levels (chemiluminescent immunoassay) and IL6-174G>C as well as IL6R rs2228145:A>C polymorphisms were evaluated. The distribution of IL6 as well as IL6R alleles and genotypes were similar in the controls and patients with miscarriage. Only a trend of more frequent appearance of -174GC+CC and C allele in the patients with miscarriage was noted. Blood serum concentrations of IL-6 were significantly elevated in patients with miscarriage vs those with physiological pregnancy. Likewise, IL-6 concentrations differ significantly with the types of miscarriage. The highest concentrations of the cytokine was seen in subjects with incomplete miscarriage (4.28 ± 4.88 pg/ml) followed by imminent miscarriage (2.97 ± 2.42 pg/ml), and then missed miscarriage (2.07 ± 1.90 pg/ml), being significantly the lowest in missed miscarriage group. No association between the IL6 genotype and IL-6 serum concentration were noted, both in the miscarriage group and in the control group. The findings of the study support the role of IL-6 in spontaneous miscarriage irrespectively of its type. However, no correlation between circulating IL-6 and IL6 gene polymorphism, as well as IL-6 and IL-6R polymorphisms associations with spontaneous miscarriage were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Drozdzik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Asano NM, Angelo HD, da Silva HA, Maia MM, Lins OG, Souza PE. Interleukin-6 promoter polymorphisms −174 G/C in Brazilian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:1153-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Parveen F, Shukla A, Agarwal S. Cytokine gene polymorphisms in northern Indian women with recurrent miscarriages. Fertil Steril 2013; 99:433-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Daher S, Mattar R, Gueuvoghlanian-Silva BY, Torloni MR. Genetic Polymorphisms and Recurrent Spontaneous Abortions: An Overview of Current Knowledge. Am J Reprod Immunol 2012; 67:341-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2012.01123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Daher
- Department of Obstetrics; Sao Paulo Federal University; Sao Paulo; Brazil
| | - Rosiane Mattar
- Department of Obstetrics; Sao Paulo Federal University; Sao Paulo; Brazil
| | | | - Maria R. Torloni
- Department of Obstetrics; Sao Paulo Federal University; Sao Paulo; Brazil
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Association between genetic polymorphisms in cytokine genes and recurrent miscarriage--a meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2010; 19:406-14. [PMID: 19778488 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60176-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A meta-analysis of association studies was performed to assess whether the reported genetic polymorphisms in cytokine genes are risk factors for recurrent miscarriage (RM). The electronic PubMed database was searched for case-control studies on immunity-related genes in RM. Investigations of a single polymorphism/gene involvement in RM reported more than five times were selected. Aggregating data from seven case-control studies on -308/tumour necrosis factor-alpha polymorphism, the odds ratio (OR) for RM was 1.1 (0.87-1.39) if the polymorphism was considered under a dominant genetic model. In six studies on -1082/interleukin-10 (IL-10) polymorphism, the OR under a dominant model was 0.76 (0.58-0.99), and under a recessive model the OR was 0.90 (0.71-1.15). In five case-control studies on -174/IL-6 polymorphism, the OR for RM under a recessive model was 1.29 (0.69-2.40). The results show a statistically significant association with RM for the -1082/IL-10 genotype.
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Functional Polymorphism in the Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-10 Genes in Patients with Paranoid Schizophrenia —A Case-Control Study. J Mol Neurosci 2010; 42:112-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-010-9365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Choi YK, Kwak-Kim J. Cytokine gene polymorphisms in recurrent spontaneous abortions: a comprehensive review. Am J Reprod Immunol 2008; 60:91-110. [PMID: 18573127 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2008.00602.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Cytokine gene polymorphism studies in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) are reviewed to provide comprehensive understanding and a direction for the future investigation. METHOD OF STUDY A search of PubMed was made to identify the published data between 2001 and 2007 regarding RSA and cytokine gene polymorphisms. RESULTS Either allele and/or genotype frequencies of the following polymorphisms were reported to be significantly different between women with RSA and controls: IFN-gamma +874A-->T, TA (P = 0.01), AA (P = 0.04); IL-6, -634C-->G CG/GG (P = 0.026); IL-10, -592C-->A CC (P = 0.016); IL-1B -511C (P = 0.035), -31T (P = 0.029); IL-1RA, IL1RN*2 (P = 0.002), and IL1RN*3 (P = 0.002). None of these studies was repeatedly reported by others to be significantly different. Among these, four cytokine polymorphisms (IFN-gamma, +874A-->T; IL-1B -511C; IL-1RA, IL1RN*2, IL1RN*3) were refuted by others and rest of them were studied once. CONCLUSION Multiple cytokine polymorphisms were reported to be associated with RSA. However, a majority of studies were not confirmed by other investigators or refuted by others. Inconsistent study results might be related to: (i) the production of these cytokines is partly under genetic controls and other factors affect cytokine levels; (ii) ethnic background, environmental factors, and selection criteria for study populations are different and (iii) the possibilities exist that multiple cytokine gene polymorphisms or other genes in linkage disequilibrium may play a role in RSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Kyong Choi
- Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science/The Chicago Medical School, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
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Interleukin-6 -174 genotype, periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a pilot study. J Clin Immunol 2008; 28:237-43. [PMID: 18181010 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-007-9162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate whether maternal periodontal disease and variant genotypes of IL-6 gene are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. A total of 145 pregnant women were recruited from St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK. Bleeding on probing (BOP) and pocket depth indices were recorded on all teeth. Amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction was used for -174 IL-6 genotyping. Birth weight was assessed using the individualized birth ratio (IBR) with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) defined as an IBR below the fifth percentile. The G/G genotype results in more BOP % sites in Caucasian (P < 0.001) and Afro-Caribbean pregnant women (P = 0.035). In addition, a marginal significant association between the -174 C/C genotype and IUGR was observed (P = 0.06). The -174* C allele was more frequent in women with IUGR than in normal women (63 vs 37%, P = 0.05). Moreover, the combination between the carriage of -174C allele and increased bleeding sites have increased the risk of IUGR (P = 0.006). Future studies, with a larger sample size, are required to better clarify the relationship between the IL-6 gene polymorphism, periodontal disease, and IUGR.
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Bombell S, McGuire W. Cytokine polymorphisms in women with recurrent pregnancy loss: meta-analysis. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2008; 48:147-54. [PMID: 18366487 DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.2008.00843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory cytokine cascades have been implicated in the pathogenesis of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Polymorphisms in cytokine genes may affect the risk of RPL, but genetic association studies are often limited by small sample sizes. Meta-analysis of all available studies can increase the precision of these estimates. AIMS To assess and synthesise the available data from association studies of inflammatory cytokine polymorphisms with RPL. METHODS Systematic review and random effects meta-analysis of genetic association studies. RESULTS Sixteen reports of genetic association studies of cytokine polymorphisms with RPL were identified. Meta-analyses did not identify any significant associations with tumour necrosis factor (-308A, or -238A), interferon-gamma (+874T), interleukin (IL)-1beta (-511T), IL-6 (-174G), or IL-10 (-1082A, or -819T, or -592A). Significant associations were found with IL-1B (-31T) (two studies: pooled odds ratio (OR) 2.12 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04 to 4.33)) and IL-6 (-634G) (one study: OR 0.22 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.57)). CONCLUSIONS The available data are not consistent with more than modest associations between these candidate cytokine polymorphisms and RPL. Data from future association studies may be added to the meta-analyses to obtain more precise estimates of effect sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bombell
- Australian National University Medical School, The Canberra Hospital, Woden, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Vitoratos N, Papadias C, Economou E, Makrakis E, Panoulis C, Creatsas G. Elevated circulating IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, and unaltered IL-6 in first-trimester pregnancies complicated by threatened abortion with an adverse outcome. Mediators Inflamm 2007; 2006:30485. [PMID: 17047289 PMCID: PMC1618951 DOI: 10.1155/mi/2006/30485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the profile of
selected proinflammatory cytokines in maternal serum of first-trimester pregnancies complicated by threatened abortion (TACP) and its relevance to obstetric outcome. Serum levels of Th1-type cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and Th2-type cytokine
interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured, by ELISA, in 22 women with TACP and adverse outcome at admission (group A) and compared with the corresponding levels of 31 gestational age-matched women with TACP and successful outcome at admission (group B1) and discharge
(group B2) and 22 gestational age-matched women with first-trimester uncomplicated pregnancy (group C) who served as controls. Mann-Whitney U or Wilcoxon test was applied as
appropriate to compare differences between groups. IL-1β and TNF-alpha were detected with significantly higher levels in group
A, compared to all other groups. On the contrary, IL-6 levels were detected with no significant difference among all the other groups studied. It is concluded that in first-trimester TACP with adverse outcome, a distinct immune response, as reflected by elevated maternal IL-1β, TNF-alpha, and unaltered IL-6 levels, is relevant to a negative obstetric outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaos Vitoratos
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Papadias
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Economou
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Makrakis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, 115 28 Athens, Greece
- *Evangelos Makrakis:
| | - Constantinos Panoulis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - George Creatsas
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, 115 28 Athens, Greece
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von Linsingen R, Bompeixe EP, Bicalho MDG. A case-control study in IL6 and TGFB1 gene polymorphisms and recurrent spontaneous abortion in southern Brazilian patients. Am J Reprod Immunol 2005; 53:94-9. [PMID: 15790343 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2005.00250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM A high proportion of recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA) remains unexplained. Cytokine genotyping has been investigated. We studied the relationship between unexplained RSA, IL6 (-174 G-->C) and TGFB1 (+869, T-->C; +915, G-->C) gene polymorphisms. METHOD OF STUDY The case-control study composed of 57 south Brazilian women, with unexplained RSA and 74 controls carefully matched was performed. Cytokine genotyping was performed by the polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer method, using the 'Cytokine Genotyping Tray'. RESULTS The results showed that the genotypic frequencies did not differ from samples for TGFB1 gene. In relation to IL6 gene polymorphism there was a statistical difference in genotypic distribution between samples (P < or = 0.025). The frequency of the C/C genotype was increased in women with RSA in comparison with the frequency observed in controls: 18% versus 4% (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This result strengthened the importance of IL6 genotypes in the pathogenesis of RSA of unknown cause in the south Brazilian population.
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Härtel C, Finas D, Ahrens P, Kattner E, Schaible T, Müller D, Segerer H, Albrecht K, Möller J, Diedrich K, Göpel W. Polymorphisms of genes involved in innate immunity: association with preterm delivery. Mol Hum Reprod 2004; 10:911-5. [PMID: 15516360 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gah120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An altered inflammatory activity due to functionally relevant polymorphisms of the innate immune system may influence pathways leading to labour and, therefore, impact on the frequency of preterm birth. We examined five polymorphisms of the innate immune system in a large cohort of preterm very-low-birth-weight (VLBW, n = 909) and term-born infants (n = 491) and their mothers (n = 747). The primary outcome was preterm versus term birth. Frequencies of polymorphisms in mothers of term-born infants versus mothers of VLBW infants and term infants versus preterm VLBW infants (singletons) are given. Homozygous CD14-159T: 18.5 versus 21.8% (mothers) and 19.6 versus 21.2% (infants). Homozygous interleukin IL-6-174G: 28.8 versus 38% (P = 0.018, mothers) and 30 versus 32.7% (infants). Homozygous or heterozygous nuclear oligomerization domain NOD2-3020insC: 6.9 versus 6.1% (mothers) and 5.7 versus 5.1% (infants). Heterozygous or homozygous toll-like-receptor TLR2-Arg753Gln: 6.9 versus 6.1% (mothers) and 5.7 versus 5.1% (infants). Homozygous or heterozygous TLR4-896G: 8.1 versus 11.5% (mothers) and 11.6 versus 10.5% (infants). Although the homozygous maternal IL-6-174G genotype was found to be independently associated with preterm delivery in multivariate regression analysis, the incidence of intrauterine infection was not significantly increased in mothers of preterm VLBW-infants, carrying this or other polymorphisms of the innate immune system. The overall influence of the investigated polymorphisms on the development of preterm delivery seems moderate, since only the maternal IL6-174G genotype was associated with preterm birth and none of the polymorphisms were associated with intrauterine infection as the cause of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Härtel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Luebeck, Germany
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Walch K, Grimm C, Zeillinger R, Huber JC, Nagele F, Hefler LA. A common interleukin-6 gene promoter polymorphism influences the clinical characteristics of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2004; 81:1638-41. [PMID: 15193488 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2003] [Revised: 01/14/2004] [Accepted: 01/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of a common polymorphism of the interleukin-6 gene (IL6) promoter with the occurence and the clinical characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN Prospective, case-control study. SETTING Academic research institution. PATIENT(S) Sixty-two patients with PCOS and 94 healthy controls. INTERVENTION(S) Peripheral venous puncture, ultrasonography, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Genotype analysis with respect to the common -174 G/C polymorphism of the IL6 gene promoter, analysis of testosterone (T), androstendione, and sex hormone binding globulin serum levels, and evaluation of the OGTT. RESULT(S) Allele frequencies among women with PCOS and controls were 62.9% and 64.4%, respectively, for the wild-type G allele, and 37.1% and 35.6%, respectively, for the mutant C allele. We ascertained a significant association between presence of at least one mutant C allele and the clinical characteristics of affected women: these women were more likely to present with a body mass index >27 kg/m(2), elevated total T serum levels, and a pathological OGTT result. CONCLUSION(S) A common polymorphism of the IL6 promoter, although not associated with the presence of PCOS, is associated with the clinical characteristics of women affected by this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Walch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Vienna Medical School, Vienna, Austria.
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Endler G, Marsik C, Joukhadar C, Marculescu R, Mayr F, Mannhalter C, Wagner OF, Jilma B. The Interleukin-6 G(−174)C Promoter Polymorphism Does Not Determine Plasma Interleukin-6 Concentrations in Experimental Endotoxemia in Humans. Clin Chem 2004; 50:195-200. [PMID: 14709647 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2003.022459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic infections. As the role of the IL-6 G(−174)C polymorphism in determining serum concentrations of IL-6 is controversial, we studied the genotype-specific IL-6 response in a well-standardized model of systemic inflammation.
Methods: A total of 76 healthy young males (age range, 19–35 years) received a single bolus of 2 ng/kg endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] intravenously. Plasma IL-6 was measured by enzyme immunoassay at 0, 2, 6, and 24 h after LPS infusion, and the IL-6 promoter genotype was analyzed by a mutagenic separated PCR assay.
Results: IL-6 increased 300-fold 2 h after LPS challenge and returned almost to normal within 24 h. Neither basal IL-6 nor the IL-6 response to LPS was significantly affected by the IL-6 promoter genotype.
Conclusions: The IL-6 G(−174)C promoter polymorphism does not significantly influence basal concentrations of IL-6 or peak IL-6 in human endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Endler
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Vienna University, Vienna, Austria
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