1
|
Urano E, Itoh Y, Suzuki T, Sasaki T, Kishikawa JI, Akamatsu K, Higuchi Y, Sakai Y, Okamura T, Mitoma S, Sugihara F, Takada A, Kimura M, Nakao S, Hirose M, Sasaki T, Koketsu R, Tsuji S, Yanagida S, Shioda T, Hara E, Matoba S, Matsuura Y, Kanda Y, Arase H, Okada M, Takagi J, Kato T, Hoshino A, Yasutomi Y, Saito A, Okamoto T. An inhaled ACE2 decoy confers protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in preclinical models. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadi2623. [PMID: 37647387 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi2623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The Omicron variant continuously evolves under the humoral immune pressure exerted by vaccination and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and the resulting Omicron subvariants display further immune evasion and antibody escape. An engineered angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) decoy composed of high-affinity ACE2 and an IgG1 Fc domain could offer an alternative modality to neutralize SARS-CoV-2. We previously reported its broad spectrum and therapeutic potential in rodent models. Here, we demonstrate that the engineered ACE2 decoy retains neutralization activity against Omicron subvariants, including the currently emerging XBB and BQ.1 strains, which completely evade antibodies currently in clinical use. SARS-CoV-2, under the suboptimal concentration of neutralizing drugs, generated SARS-CoV-2 mutants escaping wild-type ACE2 decoy and monoclonal antibodies, whereas no escape mutant emerged against the engineered ACE2 decoy. Furthermore, inhalation of aerosolized decoys improved the outcomes of rodents infected with SARS-CoV-2 at a 20-fold lower dose than that of intravenous administration. Last, the engineered ACE2 decoy exhibited therapeutic efficacy for cynomolgus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2. These results indicate that this engineered ACE2 decoy represents a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome immune-evading SARS-CoV-2 variants and that liquid aerosol inhalation could be considered as a noninvasive approach to enhance the efficacy of COVID-19 treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Urano
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, 305-0843, Japan
| | - Yumi Itoh
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Suzuki
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takanori Sasaki
- Collaborative Research Center for Okayama Medical Innovation Center, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, 700-0082, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kishikawa
- Laboratory of CryoEM Structural Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kanako Akamatsu
- Department of Oncogene, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Higuchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakai
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Okamura
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, 305-0843, Japan
| | - Shuya Mitoma
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2155, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sugihara
- Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Takada
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mari Kimura
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuto Nakao
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mika Hirose
- Laboratory of CryoEM Structural Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Sasaki
- Department of Viral Infection, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Koketsu
- Department of Viral Infection, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shunya Tsuji
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shota Yanagida
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shioda
- Department of Viral Infection, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiji Hara
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoaki Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hisashi Arase
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and Drug Delivery System, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masato Okada
- Department of Oncogene, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and Drug Delivery System, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Oncogene Research, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Centre, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junichi Takagi
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kato
- Laboratory of CryoEM Structural Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and Drug Delivery System, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hoshino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, 305-0843, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Saito
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2155, Japan
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2155, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2155, Japan
| | - Toru Okamoto
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hameedat F, Pinto S, Marques J, Dias S, Sarmento B. Functionalized zein nanoparticles targeting neonatal Fc receptor to enhance lung absorption of peptides. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:1699-1715. [PMID: 36587110 PMCID: PMC10126044 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Peptides have a distinguished therapeutic potential for several chronic conditions, and more than 80 peptides exist in the global market. However, most of these marketed peptide drugs are currently delivered intravenously or subcutaneously due to their fast degradation and limited absorption through non-invasive routes. The pulmonary route is favored as a non-invasive route. Neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is expressed in adult human lungs and has a role in enhancing the pulmonary absorption of monoclonal antibodies. In this work, we developed and characterized candidate protein delivery systems for the pulmonary administration of peptides. The prepared bare and loaded zein nanoparticles (ZNPs), targeted, physically, and covalently PEGylated ZNPs showed hydrodynamic diameters between 137 and 155 nm and a narrow distribution index. Insulin, which was used as a protein model, showed an association efficiency of 72%, while the FcRn-targeted peptide conjugation efficiency was approximately 68%. The physically adsorbed poloxamer 407 on insulin-loaded ZNPs showed slower and controlled insulin release. The in vitro cell culture model consists of the NCI-H441 epithelial cell line, which confirmed its expression of the targeted receptor, FcRn. The safety of ZNPs was verified after incubation with both cell lines of the in vitro pulmonary model, namely NCI-H441 and HPMEC-ST1.6R, for 24 h. It was observed that targeted ZNPs enhanced insulin permeability by showing a higher apparent permeation coefficient than non-targeted ZNPs. Overall, both targeted PEGylated ZNPs showed to be suitable peptide carriers and adequately fit the demands of delivery systems designed for pulmonary administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Hameedat
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- NANOMED EMJMD, Pharmacy School, Faculty of Health, University of Angers, Angers, France
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Soraia Pinto
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Marques
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Dias
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
- IUCS - CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Masloh S, Culot M, Gosselet F, Chevrel A, Scapozza L, Zeisser Labouebe M. Challenges and Opportunities in the Oral Delivery of Recombinant Biologics. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051415. [PMID: 37242657 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant biological molecules are at the cutting-edge of biomedical research thanks to the significant progress made in biotechnology and a better understanding of subcellular processes implicated in several diseases. Given their ability to induce a potent response, these molecules are becoming the drugs of choice for multiple pathologies. However, unlike conventional drugs which are mostly ingested, the majority of biologics are currently administered parenterally. Therefore, to improve their limited bioavailability when delivered orally, the scientific community has devoted tremendous efforts to develop accurate cell- and tissue-based models that allow for the determination of their capacity to cross the intestinal mucosa. Furthermore, several promising approaches have been imagined to enhance the intestinal permeability and stability of recombinant biological molecules. This review summarizes the main physiological barriers to the oral delivery of biologics. Several preclinical in vitro and ex vivo models currently used to assess permeability are also presented. Finally, the multiple strategies explored to address the challenges of administering biotherapeutics orally are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solene Masloh
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Faculté des sciences Jean Perrin, University of Artois, UR 2465, Rue Jean Souvraz, 62300 Lens, France
- Affilogic, 24 Rue de la Rainière, 44300 Nantes, France
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Culot
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Faculté des sciences Jean Perrin, University of Artois, UR 2465, Rue Jean Souvraz, 62300 Lens, France
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Faculté des sciences Jean Perrin, University of Artois, UR 2465, Rue Jean Souvraz, 62300 Lens, France
| | - Anne Chevrel
- Affilogic, 24 Rue de la Rainière, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - Leonardo Scapozza
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Magali Zeisser Labouebe
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yadaorao Raut S, Fu K, Taichun H, Gahane A, Chaudhari D, Kushwah V, Suresh Managuli R, Hegde AR, Jain S, Kalthur G, Bandu Joshi M, Chang HI, Dai NT, Mutalik S. Engineered Nano-carrier Systems for the oral targeted delivery of Follicle Stimulating Hormone: Development, characterization, and, assessment of in vitro and in vivo performance and targetability. Int J Pharm 2023; 637:122868. [PMID: 36958606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is widely used for the treatment of female infertility, where the level of FSH is suboptimal due to which arrest in follicular development and anovulation takes place. Currently, only parenteral formulations are available for FSH in the market. Due to the drawbacks of parenteral administration and the high market shares of FSH, there is a need for easily accessible oral formulation. Therefore, enteric coated capsules filled with FSH loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) or liposomes were prepared. Preliminary studies such as circular dichroism, SDS-PAGE, FTIR and ELISA were conducted to analyze FSH. Prepared formulations were optimized with respect to the size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency using the design of experiments. Optimized formulations were subjected to particle counts and distribution analysis, TEM analysis, in vitro drug release, dissolution of enteric coated capsules, cell line studies, everted sac rat's intestinal uptake study, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and stability studies. In the case of liposomes, RGD conjugation was done by carbodiimide chemistry and conjugation was confirmed by FTIR, 1HNMR and Raman spectroscopy. The prepared formulations were discrete and spherical. The release of FSH from enteric coated capsules was slow and sustained. The increased permeability of nano-formulations was observed in Caco-2 monoculture as well as in Caco-2 and Raji-B co-culture models. NLCs and liposomes showed an improvement in oral bioavailability and efficacy of FSH in rats. This may be due to mainly chylomicron-assisted lymphatic uptake of NLCs; whereas, in the case of liposomes, RGD-based targeting of β1 integrins of M cells on Peyer's patches may be the main reason for the better effect by FSH. FSH was found to be stable chemically and conformationally. Overall, the study reveals the successful development and evaluation of FSH loaded NLCs and liposomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Yadaorao Raut
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Kengyen Fu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan 114
| | - Huang Taichun
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan 114
| | - Avinash Gahane
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh State, India
| | - Dasharath Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab State, India
| | - Varun Kushwah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab State, India
| | - Renuka Suresh Managuli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Aswathi R Hegde
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New B.E.L. Road, M.S.R. Nagar, M.S.R.I.T Post, Bengaluru 560054, Karnataka State, India
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab State, India
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Manjunath Bandu Joshi
- Department of Aging Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Hsin-I Chang
- Department of Biochemical Sciences and Technology, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Road, Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Niann-Tzyy Dai
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan 114
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang Y, Zhou R, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yu J, Gu Z. Recent Advances in Oral and Transdermal Protein Delivery Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214795. [PMID: 36478123 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein and peptide drugs are predominantly administered by injection to achieve high bioavailability, but this greatly compromises patient compliance. Oral and transdermal drug delivery with minimal invasiveness and high adherence represent attractive alternatives to injection administration. However, oral and transdermal administration of bioactive proteins must overcome biological barriers, namely the gastrointestinal and skin barriers, respectively. The rapid development of new materials and technologies promises to address these physiological obstacles. This review provides an overview of the latest advances in oral and transdermal protein delivery, including chemical strategies, synthetic nanoparticles, medical microdevices, and biomimetic systems for oral administration, as well as chemical enhancers, physical approaches, and microneedles in transdermal delivery. We also discuss challenges and future perspectives of the field with a focus on innovation and translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinxian Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ruyi Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Department of Burns and Wound Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jicheng Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China.,Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321299, China.,Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China.,Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321299, China.,Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee MF, Poh CL. Strategies to improve the physicochemical properties of peptide-based drugs. Pharm Res 2023; 40:617-632. [PMID: 36869247 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Peptides are a rapid-growing class of therapeutics with unique and desirable physicochemical properties. Due to disadvantages such as low membrane permeability and susceptibility to proteolytic degradation, peptide-based drugs have limited bioavailability, a short half-life, and rapid in vivo elimination. Various strategies can be applied to improve the physicochemical properties of peptide-based drugs to overcome limitations such as limited tissue residence time, metabolic instability, and low permeability. Applied strategies including backbone modifications, side chain modifications, conjugation with polymers, modification of peptide termini, fusion to albumin, conjugation with the Fc portion of antibodies, cyclization, stapled peptides, pseudopeptides, cell-penetrating peptide conjugates, conjugation with lipids, and encapsulation in nanocarriers are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Felicia Lee
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 5, Jalan Universiti, Selangor 47500, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 5, Jalan Universiti, Selangor 47500, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Steps toward nebulization in-use studies to understand the stability of new biological entities. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103461. [PMID: 36455828 PMCID: PMC9770090 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The need for novel biological drugs against respiratory diseases has been highlighted during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The use of inhalation presents challenges to drug product stability, which is especially true for delivery using nebulizers (jet versus mesh technologies). The late-stage process of drug development in the pharmaceutical industry requires the investigation of in-use stability. In-use studies generate data that are guided by the requirements of regulatory authorities for inclusion in the clinical trial application dossier. In this review, I introduce the initial aspects of in-use stability studies during the development of an aerosol formulation to deliver biologics with a nebulizer. Lessons learned from this experience can guide future development and planning for formulation, analytics, material compatibility, nebulization process, and clinical trial preparations.
Collapse
|
8
|
Bern M, Nilsen J, Ferrarese M, Sand KMK, Gjølberg TT, Lode HE, Davidson RJ, Camire RM, Bækkevold ES, Foss S, Grevys A, Dalhus B, Wilson J, Høydahl LS, Christianson GJ, Roopenian DC, Schlothauer T, Michaelsen TE, Moe MC, Lombardi S, Pinotti M, Sandlie I, Branchini A, Andersen JT. An engineered human albumin enhances half-life and transmucosal delivery when fused to protein-based biologics. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/565/eabb0580. [PMID: 33055243 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Needle-free uptake across mucosal barriers is a preferred route for delivery of biologics, but the efficiency of unassisted transmucosal transport is poor. To make administration and therapy efficient and convenient, strategies for the delivery of biologics must enhance both transcellular delivery and plasma half-life. We found that human albumin was transcytosed efficiently across polarized human epithelial cells by a mechanism that depends on the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). FcRn also transported immunoglobulin G, but twofold less than albumin. We therefore designed a human albumin variant, E505Q/T527M/K573P (QMP), with improved FcRn binding, resulting in enhanced transcellular transport upon intranasal delivery and extended plasma half-life of albumin in transgenic mice expressing human FcRn. When QMP was fused to recombinant activated coagulation factor VII, the half-life of the fusion molecule increased 3.6-fold compared with the wild-type human albumin fusion, without compromising the therapeutic properties of activated factor VII. Our findings highlight QMP as a suitable carrier of protein-based biologics that may enhance plasma half-life and delivery across mucosal barriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malin Bern
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeannette Nilsen
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mattia Ferrarese
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Kine M K Sand
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,CIR and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Torleif T Gjølberg
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidrun E Lode
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert J Davidson
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rodney M Camire
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Espen S Bækkevold
- CIR and Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stian Foss
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Algirdas Grevys
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Dalhus
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, Institute for Clinical Medicine and Department for Microbiology, Clinic for Laboratory Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - John Wilson
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Lene S Høydahl
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Tilman Schlothauer
- Biochemical and Analytical Research, Large Molecule Research, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Terje E Michaelsen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Chemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten C Moe
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Silvia Lombardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mirko Pinotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,CIR and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Alessio Branchini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fieux M, Le Quellec S, Bartier S, Coste A, Louis B, Giroudon C, Nourredine M, Bequignon E. FcRn as a Transporter for Nasal Delivery of Biologics: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126475. [PMID: 34204226 PMCID: PMC8234196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
FcRn plays a major role in regulating immune homeostasis, but it is also able to transport biologics across cellular barriers. The question of whether FcRn could be an efficient transporter of biologics across the nasal epithelial barrier is of particular interest, as it would allow a less invasive strategy for the administration of biologics in comparison to subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous administrations, which are often used in clinical practice. A focused systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. It was registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews PROSPERO, which helped in identifying articles that met the inclusion criteria. Clinical and preclinical studies involving FcRn and the nasal delivery of biologics were screened, and the risk of bias was assessed across studies using the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT). Among the 12 studies finally included in this systematic review (out of the 758 studies screened), 11 demonstrated efficient transcytosis of biologics through the nasal epithelium. Only three studies evaluated the potential toxicity of biologics’ intranasal delivery, and they all showed that it was safe. This systematic review confirmed that FcRn is expressed in the nasal airway and the olfactory epithelium, and that FcRn may play a role in IgG and/or IgG-derived molecule-transcytosis across the airway epithelium. However, additional research is needed to better characterize the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of biologics after their intranasal delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Fieux
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Service d’ORL, D’otoneurochirurgie et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Pierre Bénite, CEDEX, F-69495 Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, F-69003 Lyon, France; (S.L.Q.); (M.N.)
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; (S.B.); (A.C.); (B.L.); (E.B.)
- CNRS ERL 7000, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-7266-6415
| | - Sandra Le Quellec
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, F-69003 Lyon, France; (S.L.Q.); (M.N.)
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Cardiologique Louis Pradel, Unité D’hémostase Clinique, CEDEX, F-69500 Bron, France
- EA 4609 Hémostase et Cancer, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69372 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Service D’hématologie Biologique, CEDEX, F-69500 Bron, France
| | - Sophie Bartier
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; (S.B.); (A.C.); (B.L.); (E.B.)
- CNRS ERL 7000, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Service d’ORL, de Chirurgie Cervico Faciale, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, F-94000 Créteil, France
| | - André Coste
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; (S.B.); (A.C.); (B.L.); (E.B.)
- CNRS ERL 7000, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Service d’ORL, de Chirurgie Cervico Faciale, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Bruno Louis
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; (S.B.); (A.C.); (B.L.); (E.B.)
- CNRS ERL 7000, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Caroline Giroudon
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de la Documentation Centrale, CEDEX, F-69424 Lyon, France;
| | - Mikail Nourredine
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, F-69003 Lyon, France; (S.L.Q.); (M.N.)
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique et Bioinformatique, F-69003 Lyon, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emilie Bequignon
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; (S.B.); (A.C.); (B.L.); (E.B.)
- CNRS ERL 7000, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Service d’ORL, de Chirurgie Cervico Faciale, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, F-94010 Créteil, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fröhlich E, Salar-Behzadi S. Oral inhalation for delivery of proteins and peptides to the lungs. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 163:198-211. [PMID: 33852968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oral inhalation is the preferred route for delivery of small molecules to the lungs, because high tissue levels can be achieved shortly after application. Biologics are mainly administered by intravenous injection but inhalation might be beneficial for the treatment of lung diseases (e.g. asthma). This review discusses biological and pharmaceutical challenges for delivery of biologics and describes promising candidates. Insufficient stability of the proteins during aerosolization and the biological environment of the lung are the main obstacles for pulmonary delivery of biologics. Novel nebulizers will improve delivery by inducing less shear stress and administration as dry powder appears suitable for delivery of biologics. Other promising strategies include pegylation and development of antibody fragments, while carrier-encapsulated systems currently play no major role in pulmonary delivery of biologics for lung disease. While development of various biologics has been halted or has shown little effects, AIR DNase, alpha1-proteinase inhibitor, recombinant neuraminidase, and heparin are currently being evaluated in phase III trials. Several biologics are being tested for the treatment of coronavirus disease (COVID)-19, and it is expected that these trials will lead to improvements in pulmonary delivery of biologics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria.
| | - Sharareh Salar-Behzadi
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Influence of FcRn binding properties on the gastrointestinal absorption and exposure profile of Fc molecules. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 32:115942. [PMID: 33461147 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) represents a transport system with the potential to facilitate absorption of biologics across the gastrointestinal barrier. How biologics interact with FcRn to enable their gastrointestinal absorption, and how these interactions might be optimized in a biological therapeutic are not well understood. Thus, we studied the absorption of Fc molecules from the intestine using three IgG4-derived Fc variants with different, pH-dependent FcRn binding and release profiles. Using several different intestinal models, we consistently observed that FcRn binding affinity correlated with transcytosis. Our findings support targeting FcRn to enable intestinal absorption of biologics and highlight additional strategic considerations for future work.
Collapse
|
12
|
Dias JA, Ulloa-Aguirre A. New Human Follitropin Preparations: How Glycan Structural Differences May Affect Biochemical and Biological Function and Clinical Effect. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:636038. [PMID: 33815292 PMCID: PMC8018285 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.636038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well accepted that pituitary follitropin is secreted into the circulation as a mixture of variants, which differ not in primary structure but rather at the level of glycosylation. These glycosidic forms vary in the number of glycosylation sites filled, complexity of glycosidic chains, and sialylation and sulfation. It is generally agreed that high sialylation, 2,3 sialic acid capping of terminal N-acetyl galactosamine or galactose leads to longer circulating half-life, by blocking binding of asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) in the liver. In contrast, 2,6 sialic acid found in humans does not prevent recognition of galactose and N-acetyl galactosamine by ASGPR. Few studies on clinical outcomes comparing differences in sialylation of follitropin found in commercially available preparations are available. Thus, there is a clear need for a consortium of open data to address this unmet need. Recently, FSH glycosylation, primarily on the β-subunit, which varies as women age, has emerged as a key modifier of follitropin action, with profound biological effects in vivo in animal models. To date, limited information of recombinant follitropin hormone preparations is available. Thus, most of the studies with FSH that is well characterized biochemically have been done in vitro, with engineered non gonadal host cells bearing recombinant receptors or in animal models. Since limited studies in human granulosa cells are available, a question is whether structural differences in glycosylation in commercially available follitropin affects biological function and clinical effect in humans. The presence of fucose, for example, has not been studied greatly even though, in the case of antibody therapy it has been shown to have a large effect on antibody targeting. This review on glycosidic variability of follitropin from the biochemical/structural point of view reflects on this question and presents an assessment in the context of available published data. If clinical differences are to be expected or not, the readers will have a better understanding of the evidence for and limitations of such expectations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Dias
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: James A. Dias,
| | - Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, National University of Mexico-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ., Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Oral Delivery of Biologics via the Intestine. Pharmaceutics 2020; 13:pharmaceutics13010018. [PMID: 33374222 PMCID: PMC7824380 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biologics are currently one of the most promising avenues for therapeutic interventions in conditions such as metabolic disease, ageing and inflammatory disorders, and for chronic ailments, oral delivery of such medicines has for years been recognised as an important goal. Despite decades of intensive research, oral delivery of biologics is only just starting to prove feasible. There has been much talk about the barriers to uptake of biologics, and indeed, one function of the intestine is to prevent, in one way or another, passage of unwanted materials across the gut, and yet, grams of biological agents both large and small pass across the intestinal cell wall every day. This review first describes the functioning of the gut under normal circumstances, then identifies the principle biological mechanisms which have been harnessed successfully, to date, to achieve oral uptake, outlining the pros and cons of each approach. Examples with different biologics are given, and information on result of the latest clinical trials is provided, where available.
Collapse
|
14
|
Liang W, Pan HW, Vllasaliu D, Lam JKW. Pulmonary Delivery of Biological Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1025. [PMID: 33114726 PMCID: PMC7693150 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, biological drugs have rapidly proliferated and have now become an important therapeutic modality. This is because of their high potency, high specificity and desirable safety profile. The majority of biological drugs are peptide- and protein-based therapeutics with poor oral bioavailability. They are normally administered by parenteral injection (with a very few exceptions). Pulmonary delivery is an attractive non-invasive alternative route of administration for local and systemic delivery of biologics with immense potential to treat various diseases, including diabetes, cystic fibrosis, respiratory viral infection and asthma, etc. The massive surface area and extensive vascularisation in the lungs enable rapid absorption and fast onset of action. Despite the benefits of pulmonary delivery, development of inhalable biological drug is a challenging task. There are various anatomical, physiological and immunological barriers that affect the therapeutic efficacy of inhaled formulations. This review assesses the characteristics of biological drugs and the barriers to pulmonary drug delivery. The main challenges in the formulation and inhalation devices are discussed, together with the possible strategies that can be applied to address these challenges. Current clinical developments in inhaled biological drugs for both local and systemic applications are also discussed to provide an insight for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Liang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (H.W.P.); (J.K.W.L.)
| | - Harry W. Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (H.W.P.); (J.K.W.L.)
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK;
| | - Jenny K. W. Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (H.W.P.); (J.K.W.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Overcoming the intestinal barrier: A look into targeting approaches for improved oral drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2020; 322:486-508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
16
|
Conner KP, Devanaboyina SC, Thomas VA, Rock DA. The biodistribution of therapeutic proteins: Mechanism, implications for pharmacokinetics, and methods of evaluation. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 212:107574. [PMID: 32433985 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins (TPs) are a diverse drug class that include monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), recombinantly expressed enzymes, hormones and growth factors, cytokines (e.g. chemokines, interleukins, interferons), as well as a wide range of engineered fusion scaffolds containing IgG1 Fc domain for half-life extension. As the pharmaceutical industry advances more potent and selective protein-based medicines through discovery and into the clinical stages of development, it has become widely appreciated that a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of TP biodistribution can aid this endeavor. This review aims to highlight the literature that has advanced our understanding of the determinants of TP biodistribution. A particular emphasis is placed on the multi-faceted role of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in mAb and Fc-fusion protein disposition. In addition, characterization of the TP-target interaction at the cell-level is discussed as an essential strategy to establish pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationships that may lead to more informed human dose projections during clinical development. Methods for incorporation of tissue and cell-level parameters defining these characteristics into higher-order mechanistic and semi-mechanistic PK models will also be presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kip P Conner
- Dept. of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc, 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Siva Charan Devanaboyina
- Dept. of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc, 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Veena A Thomas
- Dept. of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc, 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Dan A Rock
- Dept. of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc, 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Generation of a Nebulizable CDR-Modified MERS-CoV Neutralizing Human Antibody. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205073. [PMID: 31614869 PMCID: PMC6829326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) induces severe aggravating respiratory failure in infected patients, frequently resulting in mechanical ventilation. As limited therapeutic antibody is accumulated in lung tissue following systemic administration, inhalation is newly recognized as an alternative, possibly better, route of therapeutic antibody for pulmonary diseases. The nebulization process, however, generates diverse physiological stresses, and thus, the therapeutic antibody must be resistant to these stresses, remain stable, and form minimal aggregates. We first isolated a MERS-CoV neutralizing antibody that is reactive to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of spike (S) glycoprotein. To increase stability, we introduced mutations into the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of the antibody. In the HCDRs (excluding HCDR3) in this clone, two hydrophobic residues were replaced with Glu, two residues were replaced with Asp, and four residues were replaced with positively charged amino acids. In LCDRs, only two Leu residues were replaced with Val. These modifications successfully generated a clone with significantly greater stability and equivalent reactivity and neutralizing activity following nebulization compared to the original clone. In summary, we generated a MERS-CoV neutralizing human antibody that is reactive to recombinant MERS-CoV S RBD protein for delivery via a pulmonary route by introducing stabilizing mutations into five CDRs.
Collapse
|
18
|
Pyzik M, Sand KMK, Hubbard JJ, Andersen JT, Sandlie I, Blumberg RS. The Neonatal Fc Receptor (FcRn): A Misnomer? Front Immunol 2019; 10:1540. [PMID: 31354709 PMCID: PMC6636548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are essential components of an adaptive immune response. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most common type of antibody found in circulation and extracellular fluids. Although IgG alone can directly protect the body from infection through the activities of its antigen binding region, the majority of IgG immune functions are mediated via proteins and receptors expressed by specialized cell subsets that bind to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of IgG. Fc gamma (γ) receptors (FcγR) belong to a broad family of proteins that presently include classical membrane-bound surface receptors as well as atypical intracellular receptors and cytoplasmic glycoproteins. Among the atypical FcγRs, the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) has increasingly gained notoriety given its intimate influence on IgG biology and its ability to also bind to albumin. FcRn functions as a recycling or transcytosis receptor that is responsible for maintaining IgG and albumin in the circulation, and bidirectionally transporting these two ligands across polarized cellular barriers. More recently, it has been appreciated that FcRn acts as an immune receptor by interacting with and facilitating antigen presentation of peptides derived from IgG immune complexes (IC). Here we review FcRn biology and focus on newer advances including how emerging FcRn-targeted therapies may affect the immune responses to IgG and IgG IC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pyzik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kine M K Sand
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonathan J Hubbard
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lunenfeld B, Bilger W, Longobardi S, Alam V, D'Hooghe T, Sunkara SK. The Development of Gonadotropins for Clinical Use in the Treatment of Infertility. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:429. [PMID: 31333582 PMCID: PMC6616070 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The first commercially available gonadotropin product was a human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) extract, followed by animal pituitary gonadotropin extracts. These extracts were effective, leading to the introduction of the two-step protocol, which involved ovarian stimulation using animal gonadotropins followed by ovulation triggering using hCG. However, ovarian response to animal gonadotropins was maintained for only a short period of time due to immune recognition. This prompted the development of human pituitary gonadotropins; however, supply problems, the risk for Creutzfeld-Jakob disease, and the advent of recombinant technology eventually led to the withdrawal of human pituitary gonadotropin from the market. Urinary human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) preparations were also produced, with subsequent improvements in purification techniques enabling development of products with standardized proportions of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) activity. In 1962 the first reported pregnancy following ovulation stimulation with hMG and ovulation induction with hCG was described, and this product was later established as part of the standard protocol for ART. Improvements in immunopurification techniques enabled the removal of LH from hMG preparations; however, unidentified urinary protein contaminants remained a problem. Subsequently, monoclonal FSH antibodies were used to produce a highly purified FSH preparation containing <0.1 IU of LH activity and <5% unidentified urinary proteins, enabling the formulation of smaller injection volumes that could be administered subcutaneously rather than intramuscularly. Ongoing issues with gonadotropins derived from urine donations, including batch-to-batch variability and a finite donor supply, were overcome by the development of recombinant gonadotropin products. The first recombinant human FSH molecules received marketing approvals in 1995 (follitropin alfa) and 1996 (follitropin beta). These had superior purity and a more homogenous glycosylation pattern compared with urinary or pituitary FSH. Subsequently recombinant versions of LH and hCG have been developed, and biosimilar versions of follitropin alfa have received marketing authorization. More recent developments include a recombinant FSH produced using a human cell line, and a long-acting FSH preparation. These state of the art products are administered subcutaneously via pen injection devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lunenfeld
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Wilma Bilger
- Medical Affairs Fertility, Endocrinology and General Medicine, Merck Serono GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Veronica Alam
- Global Clinical Development, EMD Serono, Rockland, MA, United States
- A Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas D'Hooghe
- Global Medical Affairs Fertility, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
- Organ Systems, Group Biomedical Sciences, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sesh K. Sunkara
- Assisted Conception Unit, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Martins JP, Liu D, Fontana F, Ferreira MPA, Correia A, Valentino S, Kemell M, Moslova K, Mäkilä E, Salonen J, Hirvonen J, Sarmento B, Santos HA. Microfluidic Nanoassembly of Bioengineered Chitosan-Modified FcRn-Targeted Porous Silicon Nanoparticles @ Hypromellose Acetate Succinate for Oral Delivery of Antidiabetic Peptides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:44354-44367. [PMID: 30525379 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics technology is emerging as a promising strategy in improving the oral delivery of proteins and peptides. Herein, a multistage drug delivery system is proposed as a step forward in the development of noninvasive therapies. Undecylenic acid-modified thermally hydrocarbonized porous silicon (UnPSi) nanoparticles (NPs) were functionalized with the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G for targeting purposes. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) was loaded into the NPs as a model antidiabetic drug. Fc-UnPSi NPs were coated with mucoadhesive chitosan and ultimately entrapped into a polymeric matrix with pH-responsive properties by microfluidic nanoprecipitation. The final formulation showed a controlled and narrow size distribution. The pH-responsive matrix remained intact in acidic conditions, dissolving only in intestinal pH, resulting in a sustained release of the payload. The NPs presented high cytocompatibility and increased levels of interaction with intestinal cells when functionalized with the Fc fragment, which was supported by the validation of the Fc-fragment integrity after conjugation to the NPs. Finally, the Fc-conjugated NPs showed augmented GLP-1 permeability in an intestinal in vitro model. These results highlight the potential of microfluidics as an advanced technique for the preparation of multistage platforms for oral administration. Moreover, this study provides new insights on the potential of the Fc receptor transcytotic capacity for the development of targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Silvia Valentino
- Department of Drug Sciences , Università degli Studi di Pavia , Viale Taramello 12 , 27100 Pavia , Itália
| | | | | | - Ermei Mäkilä
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Turku , Turku FI-20014 , Finland
| | - Jarno Salonen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Turku , Turku FI-20014 , Finland
| | | | - Bruno Sarmento
- CESPU-Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde , 4585-116 Gandra , Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bioavailability of protein therapeutics in rats following inhalation exposure: Relevance to occupational exposure limit calculations. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 100:35-44. [PMID: 30291877 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein therapeutics represent a rapidly growing proportion of new medicines being developed by the pharmaceutical industry. As with any new drug, an Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) should be developed to ensure worker safety. Part of the OEL determination addresses bioavailability (BA) after inhalation, which is poorly understood for protein therapeutics. To explore this, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed intravenously or by nose-only inhalation to one of five test proteins of varying molecular size (10-150 kDa), including a polyethylene glycol-conjugated protein. Blood, lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were collected over various time-points depending on the expected test protein clearance (8 minutes-56 days), and analyzed to determine the pharmacokinetic profiles. Since the BAL half-life of the test proteins was observed to be > 4.5 h after an inhalation exposure, accumulation and direct lung effects should be considered in the hazard assessment for protein therapeutics with lung-specific targets. The key finding was the low systemic bioavailability after inhalation exposure for all test proteins (∼≤1%) which did not appear molecular weight-dependent. Given that this study examined the inhalation of typical protein therapeutics in a manner mimicking worker exposure, a default 1% BA assumption is reasonable to utilize when calculating OELs for protein therapeutics.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ben-Menahem D. Preparation, characterization and application of long-acting FSH analogs for assisted reproduction. Theriogenology 2018; 112:11-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
23
|
Shi Y, Sun X, Zhang L, Sun K, Li K, Li Y, Zhang Q. Fc-modified exenatide-loaded nanoparticles for oral delivery to improve hypoglycemic effects in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:726. [PMID: 29335533 PMCID: PMC5768888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve the oral efficiency of exenatide, we prepared polyethylene glycol-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PEG-PLGA) NPs modified with Fc (NPs-Fc) for exenatide oral delivery. Exenatide was encapsulated into the NPs by the w/o/w emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The particle size of the NPs-Fc was approximately 30 nm larger than that of the unmodified NPs with polydispersity indices in a narrow range (PDIs; PDI < 0.3) as detected by DLS, and the highest encapsulation efficiency of exenatide in the NPs was greater than 80%. Fc-conjugated NPs permeated Caco-2 cells faster and to a greater extent compared to unmodified NPs, as verified by CLSM and flow cytometry. Hypoglycemic effect studies demonstrated that oral administration of exenatide-loaded PEG-PLGA NPs modified by an Fc group extended the hypoglycemic effects compared with s.c. injection of the exenatide solution. Fluorescence-labeled NPs were used to investigate the effects of Fc targeting, and the results demonstrated that the NPs-Fc stayed in the gastrointestinal tract for a longer time in comparison with the unmodified NPs, as shown by the whole-body fluorescence images and fluorescence images of the dissected organs detected by in vivo imaging in live mice. Therefore, Fc-targeted nano-delivery systems show great promise for oral peptide/protein drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Shi
- School of pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
| | - Xinfeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Kaoxiang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.,State Key Laboratory of Long-acting and Targeting Drug Delivery System, Luye Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Keke Li
- School of pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Youxin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Long-acting and Targeting Drug Delivery System, Luye Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yantai, 264003, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Morales JO, Fathe KR, Brunaugh A, Ferrati S, Li S, Montenegro-Nicolini M, Mousavikhamene Z, McConville JT, Prausnitz MR, Smyth HDC. Challenges and Future Prospects for the Delivery of Biologics: Oral Mucosal, Pulmonary, and Transdermal Routes. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 19:652-668. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
25
|
Ha JH, Kim JE, Kim YS. Immunoglobulin Fc Heterodimer Platform Technology: From Design to Applications in Therapeutic Antibodies and Proteins. Front Immunol 2016; 7:394. [PMID: 27766096 PMCID: PMC5052280 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The monospecific and bivalent characteristics of naturally occurring immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies depend on homodimerization of the fragment crystallizable (Fc) regions of two identical heavy chains (HCs) and the subsequent assembly of two identical light chains (LCs) via disulfide linkages between each HC and LC. Immunoglobulin Fc heterodimers have been engineered through modifications to the CH3 domain interface, with different mutations on each domain such that the engineered Fc fragments, carrying the CH3 variant pair, preferentially form heterodimers rather than homodimers. Many research groups have adopted different strategies to generate Fc heterodimers, with the goal of high heterodimerization yield, while retaining biophysical and biological properties of the wild-type Fc. Based on their ability to enforce heterodimerization between the two different HCs, the established Fc heterodimers have been extensively exploited as a scaffold to generate bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) in full-length IgG and IgG-like formats. These have many of the favorable properties of natural IgG antibodies, such as high stability, long serum half-life, low immunogenicity, and immune effector functions. As of July 2016, more than seven heterodimeric Fc-based IgG-format bsAbs are being evaluated in clinical trials. In addition to bsAbs, heterodimeric Fc technology is very promising for the generation of Fc-fused proteins and peptides, as well as cytokines (immunocytokines), which can present the fusion partners in the natural monomeric or heterodimeric form rather than the artificial homodimeric form with wild-type Fc. Here, we present relevant concepts and strategies for the generation of heterodimeric Fc proteins, and their application in the development of bsAbs in diverse formats for optimal biological activity. In addition, we describe wild-type Fc-fused monomeric and heterodimeric proteins, along with the difficulties associated with their preparations, and discuss the use of heterodimeric Fc as an alternative scaffold of wild-type Fc for naturally monomeric or heterodimeric proteins, to create Fc-fusion proteins with novel therapeutic modality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Ha
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University , Suwon , Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University , Suwon , Korea
| | - Yong-Sung Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea; Department of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Muzammil S, Mabus JR, Cooper PR, Brezski RJ, Bement CB, Perkinson R, Huebert ND, Thompson S, Levine D, Kliwinski C, Bradley D, Hornby PJ. FcRn binding is not sufficient for achieving systemic therapeutic levels of immunoglobulin G after oral delivery of enteric-coated capsules in cynomolgus macaques. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2016; 4:e00218. [PMID: 27433338 PMCID: PMC4876138 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although much speculation has surrounded intestinally expressed FcRn as a means for systemic uptake of orally administered immunoglobulin G (IgG), this has not been validated in translational models beyond neonates or in FcRn-expressing cells in vitro. Recently, IgG1 intestinal infusion acutely in anesthetized cynomolgus resulted in detectable serum monoclonal antibody (mAb) levels. In this study, we show that IgG2 has greater protease resistance to intestinal enzymes in vitro and mice in vivo, due to protease resistance in the hinge region. An IgG2 mAb engineered for FcRn binding, was optimally formulated, lyophilized, and loaded into enteric-coated capsules for oral dosing in cynomolgus. Small intestinal pH 7.5 was selected for enteric delivery based on gastrointestinal pH profiling of cynomolgus by operator-assisted IntelliCap System(®). Milling of the lyophilized IgG2 M428L FcRn-binding variant after formulation in 10 mmol/L histidine, pH 5.7, 8.5% sucrose, 0.04% PS80 did not alter the physicochemical properties nor the molecular integrity compared to the batch released in PBS. Size 3 hard gel capsules (23.2 mg IgG2 M428L ~3 mg/kg) were coated with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate for rapid dissolution at pH 7.5 in small intestine and FcRn binding of encapsulated mAb confirmed. Initial capsule dosing by endoscopic delivery into the small intestine achieved 0.2 + 0.1 ng/mL (n = 5) peak at 24 h. Weekly oral capsule dosing for 6 weeks achieved levels of 0.4 + 0.2 ng/mL and, despite increasing the dose and frequency, remained below 1 ng/mL. In conclusion, lyophilized milled mAb retains FcRn binding and molecular integrity for small intestinal delivery. The low systemic exposure has demonstrated the limitations of intestinal FcRn in non-human primates and the unfeasibility of employing this for therapeutic levels of mAb. Local mAb delivery with limited systemic exposure may be sufficient as a therapeutic for intestinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salman Muzammil
- Janssen Biopharmaceuticals (formerly Biotechnology Center of Excellence) R&D of J&J Spring House Pennsylvania 19477
| | - John R Mabus
- Janssen Biopharmaceuticals (formerly Biotechnology Center of Excellence) R&D of J&J Spring House Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Philip R Cooper
- Janssen Biopharmaceuticals (formerly Biotechnology Center of Excellence) R&D of J&J Spring House Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Randall J Brezski
- Janssen Biopharmaceuticals (formerly Biotechnology Center of Excellence) R&D of J&J Spring House Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Courtney B Bement
- Janssen Biopharmaceuticals (formerly Biotechnology Center of Excellence) R&D of J&J Spring House Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Rob Perkinson
- Janssen Biopharmaceuticals (formerly Biotechnology Center of Excellence) R&D of J&J Spring House Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Norman D Huebert
- Discovery Sciences Janssen Pharmaceutical R&D of J&J Spring House Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Suzanne Thompson
- Preclinical Center of Excellence Ethicon., Inc. Cincinnati Ohio 45242
| | - Dalia Levine
- Janssen Biopharmaceuticals (formerly Biotechnology Center of Excellence) R&D of J&J Spring House Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Connie Kliwinski
- Janssen Biopharmaceuticals (formerly Biotechnology Center of Excellence) R&D of J&J Spring House Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Dino Bradley
- Discovery Sciences Janssen Pharmaceutical R&D of J&J Spring House Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Pamela J Hornby
- Janssen Biopharmaceuticals (formerly Biotechnology Center of Excellence) R&D of J&J Spring House Pennsylvania 19477
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fan YY, Avery LB, Wang M, O'Hara DM, Leung S, Neubert H. Tissue expression profile of human neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in Tg32 transgenic mice. MAbs 2016; 8:848-53. [PMID: 27104806 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1178436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is a homeostatic receptor responsible for prolonging immunoglobulin G (IgG) half-life by protecting it from lysosomal degradation and recycling it to systemic circulation. Tissue-specific FcRn expression is a critical parameter in physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling for translational pharmacokinetics of Fc-containing biotherapeutics. Using online peptide immuno-affinity chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry, we established a quantitative FcRn tissue protein expression profile in human FcRn (hFcRn) transgenic mice, Tg32 homozygous and hemizygous strains. The concentration of hFcRn across 14 tissues ranged from 3.5 to 111.2 pmole per gram of tissue. Our hFcRn quantification data from Tg32 mice will enable a more refined PBPK model to improve the accuracy of human PK predictions for Fc-containing biotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yun Fan
- a Pharmacokinetics Dynamics & Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Worldwide Research & Development , Andover , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Lindsay B Avery
- a Pharmacokinetics Dynamics & Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Worldwide Research & Development , Andover , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- a Pharmacokinetics Dynamics & Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Worldwide Research & Development , Andover , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Denise M O'Hara
- a Pharmacokinetics Dynamics & Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Worldwide Research & Development , Andover , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Sheldon Leung
- a Pharmacokinetics Dynamics & Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Worldwide Research & Development , Andover , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Hendrik Neubert
- a Pharmacokinetics Dynamics & Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Worldwide Research & Development , Andover , Massachusetts , USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Soleimanpour S, Hassannia T, Motiee M, Amini AA, Rezaee SAR. Fcγ1 fragment of IgG1 as a powerful affinity tag in recombinant Fc-fusion proteins: immunological, biochemical and therapeutic properties. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 37:371-392. [PMID: 27049690 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2016.1163323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Affinity tags are vital tools for the production of high-throughput recombinant proteins. Several affinity tags, such as the hexahistidine tag, maltose-binding protein, streptavidin-binding peptide tag, calmodulin-binding peptide, c-Myc tag, glutathione S-transferase and FLAG tag, have been introduced for recombinant protein production. The fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of the IgG1 antibody is one of the useful affinity tags that can facilitate detection, purification and localization of proteins and can improve the immunogenicity, modulatory effects, physicochemical and pharmaceutical properties of proteins. Fcγ recombinant forms a group of recombinant proteins called Fc-fusion proteins (FFPs). FFPs are widely used in drug discovery, drug delivery, vaccine design and experimental research on receptor-ligand interactions. These fusion proteins have become successful alternatives to monoclonal antibodies for drug developments. In this review, the physicochemical, biochemical, immunological, pharmaceutical and therapeutic properties of recombinant FFPs were discussed as a new generation of bioengineering strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saman Soleimanpour
- a Microbiology & Virology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tahereh Hassannia
- b Internal medicine Department, Arash Hospital, the College of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Motiee
- c Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Amini
- d Department of Immunology, faculty of medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj, Iran
| | - S A R Rezaee
- c Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Martins JP, Kennedy PJ, Santos HA, Barrias C, Sarmento B. A comprehensive review of the neonatal Fc receptor and its application in drug delivery. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 161:22-39. [PMID: 27016466 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) biology and function have demonstrated that this receptor, primarily identified for the transfer of passive immunity from mother infant, is involved in several biological and immunological processes. In fact, FcRn is responsible for the long half-life of IgG and albumin in the serum, by creating an intracellular protein reservoir, which is protected from lysosomal degradation and, importantly, trafficked across the cell. Such discovery has led researchers to hypothesize the role for this unique receptor in the controlled delivery of therapeutic agents. A great amount of FcRn-based strategies are already under extensive investigation, in which FcRn reveals to have profound impact on the biodistribution and half-life extension of therapeutic agents. This review summarizes the main findings on FcRn biology, function and distribution throughout different tissues, together with the main advances on the FcRn-based therapeutic opportunities and model systems, which indicate that this receptor is a potential target for therapeutic regimen modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Martins
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo 228, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrick J Kennedy
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo 228, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; Ipatimup - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, FI -00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cristina Barrias
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; CESPU - Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde and Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Buckley ST, Hubálek F, Rahbek UL. Chemically modified peptides and proteins - critical considerations for oral delivery. Tissue Barriers 2016; 4:e1156805. [PMID: 27358754 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2016.1156805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous approaches have been explored to date in the pursuit of delivering peptides or proteins via the oral route. One such example is chemical modification, whereby the native structure of a peptide or protein is tailored to provide a more efficient uptake across the epithelial barrier of the gastrointestinal tract via incorporation of a chemical motif or moiety. In this regard, a diverse array of concepts have been reported, ranging from the exploitation of endogenous transport mechanisms to incorporation of physicochemical modifications in the molecule, which promote more favorable interactions with the absorptive membrane at the cell surface. This review provides an overview of the modification technologies described in the literature and offers insights into some pragmatic considerations pertaining to their translation into clinically viable concepts.
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Zhang YL, Guo KP, Ji SY, Liu XM, Wang P, Wu J, Gao L, Jiang TQ, Xu T, Fan HY. Development and characterization of a novel long-acting recombinant follicle stimulating hormone agonist by fusing Fc to an FSH-β subunit. Hum Reprod 2015; 31:169-82. [PMID: 26621853 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does a novel long-acting recombinant human FSH, KN015, a heterodimer composed of FSHα and FSHβ-Fc/Fc, offer a potential FSH alternative? SUMMARY ANSWER KN015 had in vitro activity and superior in vivo bioactivity than recombinant human FSH (rhFSH), suggesting KN015 could serve as a potential FSH agonist for clinical therapy. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY rhFSH has very short half-life so that repeat injections are needed, resulting in discomfort and inconvenience for patients. The longest-acting rhFSH available in clinics is corifollitropin alpha (FSH-CTP), but its half-life is not long enough to sustain the whole therapy period, and additional injections of rhFSH are needed. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Plasmids containing FSHα, FSHβ-Fc and Fc cDNA were transfected into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells for KN015 production. The pharmacokinetics of KN015 was investigated in 6-week-old SD rats (n = 6/group) and healthy Cynomolgus monkeys in two different dose groups (n = 2/group). A series of experiments were designed for in vitro and in vivo characterization of the bioactivity of KN015 relative to rhFSH. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The purity and molecular weight of KN015 were determined by reducing and non-reducing SDS-PAGE. To measure KN015 half-life, sera were collected at increasing time points and the remaining FSH concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To assess the bioactivity of KN015 versus rhFSH in vitro, firstly cAMP production was assessed in CHO cells expressing FSH receptor (FSHR) with the treatment of Fc/Fc, rhFSH or KN015 at eight different doses (0.03, 0.09, 0.28, 0.83, 2.5, 7.5, 22.5, 67.5 nM), and secondly cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs; n = 20/group) of ICR mice (primed-PMSG 44 h before sacrificed) were collected and cultured in medium containing 1.25 pM Fc/Fc, rhFSH or KN015 at 37°C and then germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and COC expansion were observed at 4 and 16 h, respectively. The in vivo activity of KN015 was compared with rhFSH by ovary weight gain and ovulation assays. In the former, ovary weight gains in 21-day-old female SD rats, after a single subcutaneous injection of KN015, were compared with those after several injections of rhFSH over a range of doses (n = 8/group). Sera were harvested for estradiol (E2) analysis, and the ovaries were processed for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), TdT (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase)-mediated dUDP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), RT-PCR and western blot. In the latter, 26-day-old female SD rats (n = 8/group) were injected with different doses of KN015 or rhFSH, and were sacrificed at 24 h after an injection of hCG (20 IU/rat). Moreover, the molecular responses stimulated by KN015 or rhFSH in the ovary were also analyzed through detecting expression of the FSH target genes (Cyp19a1, Fshr and Lhcgr) and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway activation. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE KN015 has a molecular weight of 82 kD and its half-life is 84 h in SD rats (10-fold longer than that of rhFSH) and 215 h in Cynomolgus monkeys. The EC50 value of the cAMP induction in CHO cells (KN015 versus rhFSH, 1.84 versus 0.87 nM), COC expansion and oocyte maturation assays showed KN015 had approximately half of rhFSH's activity in vitro. A single dose of KN015 (1.5 pmol/rat, 166.1 ± 19.7 mg, P < 0.01) stimulated significantly larger ovary weight gain than several injections of rhFSH (1.5 pmol/rat, 59.3 ± 28.1 mg, P < 0.01). The serum E2 level in the KN015 group was significantly higher than that in rhFSH group. The number of oocytes obtained by ovulation induction was comparable with or higher in the KN015 group than in the rhFSH group. KN015 was more effective than rhFSH in inducing FSH target genes (Cyp19a1, Fshr, Lhcgr) or activating the PI3K pathway in vivo. Moreover, a single injection of KN015 promoted granulosa cell proliferation and prevented follicle atresia to the same extent as several injections of rhFSH. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION All assays in this study were operated only in animals and clinical trials are needed to confirm they can be extrapolated to humans. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS KN015 is a valuable alternative to FSH and may have great potential for therapeutic applications. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This study was supported by National Basic Research Program of China (2011|CB944504, 2012CB944403) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (81172473, 31371449). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Li Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Shu-Yan Ji
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Man Liu
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Jie Wu
- Alphamab Co. Ltd., Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Li Gao
- Alphamab Co. Ltd., Suzhou 215125, China
| | | | - Ting Xu
- Alphamab Co. Ltd., Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Heng-Yu Fan
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tessaro I, Modina SC, Franciosi F, Sivelli G, Terzaghi L, Lodde V, Luciano AM. Effect of oral administration of low-dose follicle stimulating hormone on hyperandrogenized mice as a model of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Ovarian Res 2015; 8:64. [PMID: 26437930 PMCID: PMC4594749 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-015-0192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a widespread reproductive disorder characterized by a disruption of follicular growth and anovulatory infertility. In women with PCOS, follicular growth and ovulation can be induced by subcutaneous injections of low doses of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oral administration of recombinant human FSH (rhFSH) on follicle development in a PCOS murine model. Moreover, since it is unlikely that intact rhFSH is present into the circulation after oral administration, the biological activity of a peptide fragment, derived from the predicted enzymatic cleavage sites with the FSH molecule, was investigated in vitro on cumulus-enclosed oocytes (COCs). Methods Female peripubertal mice were injected with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) diluted in sesame oil for 20 consecutive days and orally treated with a saline solution of rhFSH. A control group received only sesame oil and saline solution. At the end of treatments, blood was analyzed for hormone concentrations and ovaries were processed for morphological analysis. The presumptive bioactive peptide was added during in vitro maturation of bovine COCs and the effects on cumulus expansion and on maturation rate were evaluated. Results DHEA treatment increased serum levels of testosterone, estradiol and progesterone as well as the percentage of cystic follicles. Orally administered rhFSH restored estradiol level and reduced the percentage of cystic follicles. Despite these results indicating a reduction of the severity of PCOS in the mouse model, the presumptive bioactive peptide did not mimic the effect of rhFSH and failed to induce bovine cumulus expansion and oocyte maturation in vitro. Conclusions Although further studies are needed, the present data supports the concept that orally administrated FSH could attenuate some of the characteristic of PCOS in the mouse model. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13048-015-0192-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Tessaro
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Silvia C Modina
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133, Italy. .,Interdepartmental Research Centre for the Study of Biological Effects of Nano-concentrations (CREBION), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Federica Franciosi
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Giulia Sivelli
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Laura Terzaghi
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Valentina Lodde
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Alberto M Luciano
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133, Italy. .,Interdepartmental Research Centre for the Study of Biological Effects of Nano-concentrations (CREBION), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hertel SP, Winter G, Friess W. Protein stability in pulmonary drug delivery via nebulization. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 93:79-94. [PMID: 25312674 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein inhalation is a delivery route which offers high potential for direct local lung application of proteins. Liquid formulations are usually available in early stages of biopharmaceutical development and nebulizers are the device of choice for atomization avoiding additional process steps like drying and enabling fast progression to clinical trials. While some proteins were proven to remain stable throughout aerosolization e.g. DNase, many biopharmaceuticals are more susceptible towards the stresses encountered during nebulization. The main reason for protein instability is unfolding and aggregation at the air-liquid interface, a problem which is of particular challenge in the case of ultrasound and jet nebulizers due to recirculation of much of the generated droplets. Surfactants are an important formulation component to protect the sensitive biomolecules. A second important challenge is warming of ultrasound and vibrating mesh devices, which can be overcome by overfilling, precooled solutions or cooling of the reservoir. Ultimately, formulation development has to go hand in hand with device evaluation.
Collapse
|
35
|
Weers JG, Miller DP. Formulation Design of Dry Powders for Inhalation. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:3259-88. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
36
|
Shah DK. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations for the next generation protein therapeutics. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2015; 42:553-71. [PMID: 26373957 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-015-9447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly sophisticated protein engineering efforts have been undertaken lately to generate protein therapeutics with desired properties. This has resulted in the discovery of the next generation of protein therapeutics, which include: engineered antibodies, immunoconjugates, bi/multi-specific proteins, antibody mimetic novel scaffolds, and engineered ligands/receptors. These novel protein therapeutics possess unique physicochemical properties and act via a unique mechanism-of-action, which collectively makes their pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) different than other established biological molecules. Consequently, in order to support the discovery and development of these next generation molecules, it becomes important to understand the determinants controlling their PK/PD. This review discusses the determinants that a PK/PD scientist should consider during the design and development of next generation protein therapeutics. In addition, the role of systems PK/PD models in enabling rational development of the next generation protein therapeutics is emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval K Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 455 Kapoor Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
The neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn, as a target for drug delivery and therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 91:109-24. [PMID: 25703189 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG)-based drugs are arguably the most successful class of protein therapeutics due in part to their remarkably long blood circulation. This arises from IgG interaction with the neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn. FcRn is the central regulator of IgG and albumin homeostasis throughout life and is increasingly being recognized as an important player in autoimmune disease, mucosal immunity, and tumor immune surveillance. Various engineering approaches that hijack or disrupt the FcRn-mediated transport pathway have been devised to develop long-lasting and non-invasive protein therapeutics, protein subunit vaccines, and therapeutics for treatment of autoimmune and infectious disease. In this review, we highlight the diverse biological functions of FcRn, emerging therapeutic opportunities, as well as the associated challenges of targeting FcRn for drug delivery and disease therapy.
Collapse
|
38
|
Jung S, Park Y, Kim Y, Kim YY, Choi HJ, Son WC, Kwon S. LAPS-FSH: a new and effective long-acting follicle-stimulating hormone analogue for the treatment of infertility. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 26:1142-53. [PMID: 24044514 DOI: 10.1071/rd13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several long-acting follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) therapies have been developed to enhance the ovarian response, a disadvantage of FSH therapy is its relatively short half-life, which requires women to receive one to two injections per day for almost 2 weeks. In the present study, we developed a novel FSH analogue by conjugating recombinant human FSH (rhFSH) and the constant region of the human immunoglobulin G4 fragment via non-peptidyl linkers. The efficacy of the FSH analogue was evaluated in vitro by cAMP level assessments, pharmacokinetic studies and a determination of ovarian weight and by comparing these findings with the results from other FSH analogues. In addition, the total number of antral and Graafian follicles was determined after 7 days of treatment with control, 6µgkg(-1) follitropin β, 6, 12 or 42µgkg(-1) corifollitropin α or 3, 6 or 12µgkg(-1) long acting protein/peptide discovery-follicle-stimulating hormone (LAPS-FSH). As a result, the animals treated with 12µgkg(-1) LAPS-FSH produced additional and larger healthy follicles. These data demonstrate that LAPS-FSH promotes growth and inhibits atresia of the ovarian follicle compared with other available drugs, suggesting that our new drug enhances the efficacy and duration of treatment. It is expected that our new FSH analogue will result in a higher chance of pregnancy in patients who are unresponsive to other drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Jung
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - Youngjin Park
- Hanmi Research Center, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 445-813, Korea
| | - YoungHoon Kim
- Hanmi Research Center, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 445-813, Korea
| | - Yu Yon Kim
- Hanmi Research Center, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 445-813, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Choi
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - Woo-Chan Son
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - SeChang Kwon
- Hanmi Research Center, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 445-813, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
The role of albumin receptors in regulation of albumin homeostasis: Implications for drug delivery. J Control Release 2015; 211:144-62. [PMID: 26055641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Albumin is the most abundant protein in blood and acts as a molecular taxi for a plethora of small insoluble substances such as nutrients, hormones, metals and toxins. In addition, it binds a range of medical drugs. It has an unusually long serum half-life of almost 3weeks, and although the structure and function of albumin has been studied for decades, a biological explanation for the long half-life has been lacking. Now, recent research has unravelled that albumin-binding cellular receptors play key roles in the homeostatic regulation of albumin. Here, we review our current understanding of albumin homeostasis with a particular focus on the impact of the cellular receptors, namely the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) and the cubilin-megalin complex, and we discuss their importance on uses of albumin in drug delivery.
Collapse
|
40
|
Rath T, Baker K, Dumont JA, Peters RT, Jiang H, Qiao SW, Lencer WI, Pierce GF, Blumberg RS. Fc-fusion proteins and FcRn: structural insights for longer-lasting and more effective therapeutics. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 35:235-54. [PMID: 24156398 PMCID: PMC4876602 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.834293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 350 IgG-based therapeutics are approved for clinical use or are under development for many diseases lacking adequate treatment options. These include molecularly engineered biologicals comprising the IgG Fc-domain fused to various effector molecules (so-called Fc-fusion proteins) that confer the advantages of IgG, including binding to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) to facilitate in vivo stability, and the therapeutic benefit of the specific effector functions. Advances in IgG structure-function relationships and an understanding of FcRn biology have provided therapeutic opportunities for previously unapproachable diseases. This article discusses approved Fc-fusion therapeutics, novel Fc-fusion proteins and FcRn-dependent delivery approaches in development, and how engineering of the FcRn-Fc interaction can generate longer-lasting and more effective therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Rath
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristi Baker
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Shuo-Wang Qiao
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wayne I. Lencer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Richard S. Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Patil M. Gonadotrophins: The future. J Hum Reprod Sci 2015; 7:236-48. [PMID: 25624659 PMCID: PMC4296397 DOI: 10.4103/0974-1208.147490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the IVF clinician is to make the ART treatment safe, patient-friendly, cost effective and at the same time offer good and high quality treatment. IVF protocols are a burden for women and are one of the potential reasons why women don’t return for subsequent cycles. Frequent injections may increase stress and also result in high error rates. Simple short treatment regimen with optimal recovery of good quality oocytes results in development of good quality embryos followed by SET in treatment and cryopreservation cycles are a less burden and result in related lesser discontinuation, side effects, treatment cycles in time and are more cost-effective. Development of FSH analogues with longer terminal t1/2 and slower absorption to peak serum levels will increase the efficiency, decrease the side effects and also is easy to administer. This makes it convenient for the patients increasing the compliance. A certain minimum LH concentration is necessary for adequate thecal cell function and subsequent oestradiol synthesis in the granulosa cells. Adjuvant r-HLH gives clinician's precise control over the dose of LH bioactivity administered to target the therapeutic window. New parenteral, transdermal, inhaled and oral fertility drugs and regimens are currently under research and development with the objective to further simplify treatment for ART.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Patil
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Dr. Patil's Fertility and Endoscopy Clinic, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sand KMK, Bern M, Nilsen J, Noordzij HT, Sandlie I, Andersen JT. Unraveling the Interaction between FcRn and Albumin: Opportunities for Design of Albumin-Based Therapeutics. Front Immunol 2015; 5:682. [PMID: 25674083 PMCID: PMC4306297 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) was first found to be responsible for transporting antibodies of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class from the mother to the fetus or neonate as well as for protecting IgG from intracellular catabolism. However, it has now become apparent that the same receptor also binds albumin and plays a fundamental role in homeostatic regulation of both IgG and albumin, as FcRn is expressed in many different cell types and organs at diverse body sites. Thus, to gain a complete understanding of the biological function of each ligand, and also their distribution in the body, an in-depth characterization of how FcRn binds and regulates the transport of both ligands is necessary. Importantly, such knowledge is also relevant when developing new drugs, as IgG and albumin are increasingly utilized in therapy. This review discusses our current structural and biological understanding of the relationship between FcRn and its ligands, with a particular focus on albumin and design of albumin-based therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kine Marita Knudsen Sand
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway ; Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway
| | - Malin Bern
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway ; Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway
| | - Jeannette Nilsen
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Hanna Theodora Noordzij
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway ; Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway ; Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rath T, Baker K, Pyzik M, Blumberg RS. Regulation of immune responses by the neonatal fc receptor and its therapeutic implications. Front Immunol 2015; 5:664. [PMID: 25601863 PMCID: PMC4283642 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a single receptor, the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is critically involved in regulating albumin and IgG serum concentrations by protecting these two ligands from degradation. In addition to these essential homeostatic functions, FcRn possesses important functions in regulating immune responses that are equally as critical and are increasingly coming to attention. During the first stages of life, FcRn mediates the passive transfer of IgG across the maternal placenta or neonatal intestinal walls of mammals, thereby conferring passive immunity to the offspring before and after birth. In fact, FcRn is one of the very few molecules that are known to move from luminal to serosal membranes of polarized cells that form epithelial barriers of the lung and intestines. Together with FcRn's recently explored critical role in eliciting MHC II presentation and MHC class I cross-presentation of IgG-complexed antigen, this renders FcRn capable of exerting broad and potent functions in regulating immune responses and immunosurveillance at mucosal sites. Further, it is now clear that FcRn dependent mucosal absorption of therapeutic molecules is a clinically feasible and potent novel route of non-invasive drug delivery, and the interaction between FcRn and IgG has also been utilized for the acquisition of humoral immunity at mucosal sites. In this review, we begin by briefly summarizing the basic knowledge on FcRn expression and IgG binding, then describe more recent discoveries pertaining to the mechanisms by which FcRn orchestrates IgG related mucosal immune responses and immunosurveillance at host-environment interfaces within the adult organism. Finally, we outline how the knowledge of actions of FcRn at mucosal boundaries can be capitalized for the development and engineering of powerful mucosal vaccination strategies and novel routes for the non-invasive delivery of Fc-based therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Rath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA ; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nueremberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Kristi Baker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Michal Pyzik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA ; Harvard Digestive Diseases Center , Boston, MA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Szkudlinski MW. New Frontier in Glycoprotein Hormones and Their Receptors Structure-Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:155. [PMID: 26539160 PMCID: PMC4609891 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Last two decades of structure-function studies performed in numerous laboratories provided substantial progress in understanding basic science, physiological, pathophysiological, pharmacological, and comparative aspects of glycoprotein hormones (GPHs) and their cognate receptors. Multiple concepts and models developed based on experimental data in the past stood the test of time and have been, at least in part, confirmed and/or remained compatible with the new structures resolved at the atomic level. Major advances in understanding of the ligand-receptor relationships are heralding the dawn of a new era for GPHs and their receptors, although many basic questions still remain unanswered. This article examines retrospectively several basic science aspects of GPH super-agonists and related "biosuperiors" in a broader context of the advances in the ligand-receptor structure-function relationships and new mechanistic models generated based on the structure elucidation. Due to selective focus of my comments and perspectives in certain parts, the reader is directed to the most relevant publications and reviews in the field for more comprehensive analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz W. Szkudlinski
- Trophogen Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
- *Correspondence: Mariusz W. Szkudlinski, Trophogen Inc., 9714 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Levin D, Golding B, Strome SE, Sauna ZE. Fc fusion as a platform technology: potential for modulating immunogenicity. Trends Biotechnol 2014; 33:27-34. [PMID: 25488117 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The platform technology of fragment crystallizable (Fc) fusion, in which the Fc region of an antibody is genetically linked to an active protein drug, is among the most successful of a new generation of bioengineering strategies. Immunogenicity is a critical safety concern in the development of any protein therapeutic. While the therapeutic goal of generating Fc-fusion proteins has been to extend half-life, there is a critical mass of literature from immunology indicating that appropriate design of the Fc component has the potential to engage the immune system for product-specific outcomes. In the context of Fc-fusion therapeutics, a review of progress in understanding Fc biology suggests the prospect of engineering products that have an extended half-life and are able to modulate the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ditza Levin
- Laboratory of Hemostasis, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Basil Golding
- Plasma Derivatives, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Scott E Strome
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 16 South Eutaw Street Suite 500, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Zuben E Sauna
- Laboratory of Hemostasis, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Park S, Kim YJ, Jon S. A high-affinity peptide for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-α1 and its potential use in pulmonary drug delivery. J Control Release 2014; 192:141-7. [PMID: 25025285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In pulmonary drug delivery, the ability of an affinity molecule to bind to lung epithelium may prolong retention of therapeutic molecules within the lung and consequently yield higher overall bioavailability. To this end, we screened a library of structurally constrained peptides ('aptides') using phage-display technology and identified a high-affinity aptide for the mouse nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-α1 (nAChR-α1). The isolated aptide (APTnAChR-α1) bound to its target protein with high affinity (Kd=47nM). Alexa 488-labeled APTnAChR-α1 showed preferential binding to nAChR-α1-positive mouse lung epithelial cells and mouse muscle cells. Furthermore, the aptide exhibited substantial binding in nAChR-α1-positive tissue sections of muscle, trachea and lung, but not in liver, kidney or spleen tissues, which are nAChR-α1-negative. In an in vivo experiment, a high-intensity fluorescence signal was observed in the entire lung up to 50h after tracheal injection of Cy5.5-APTnAChR-α1, whereas most of the fluorescence signal from a Cy5.5-labeled scrambled peptide washed out within 20h after injection. Taken together, these results indicate that the high-affinity peptide for nAChR-α1 identified here bound tightly to lung epithelium and thus exhibited a long residence time in this tissue, suggesting that the peptide could be used for pulmonary delivery of active pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seho Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Jon
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Systemic delivery of biotherapeutics through the lung: opportunities and challenges for improved lung absorption. Ther Deliv 2014; 4:1511-25. [PMID: 24304249 DOI: 10.4155/tde.13.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of Exubera(®) (inhaled insulin) has paved the way for consideration of future inhaled biotherapeutic products for systemic delivery. This route of drug delivery favors highly potent small peptides without self-association and large proteins resistant to enzymatic degradation for high bioavailability, while likely resulting in transient therapeutic effects. Improved therapeutic benefits with a needle-free delivery, such as inhaled insulin, are also rational pursuits. Molecules and their formulations must be carefully chosen and designed to optimize the rates of lung absorption and nonabsorptive loss. Novel molecular or formulation approaches, for example, Technosphere(®), Fc-/scFv-fusion protein, PEGylation, polymeric or lipid-based micro/nanoparticles and liposomes, offer opportunities to improve lung absorption and therapeutic duration of some biotherapeutics. Critical assessments are now essential as to their therapeutic benefits, safety, patient acceptance and market competition, as carried out for Exubera.
Collapse
|
48
|
Prados N, Pellicer A, Fernandez-Sanchez M. Corifollitropin alfa: a new recombinant FSH gonadotropin analog. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/eog.11.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
49
|
Abstract
Antibodies are major molecular effectors of adaptive immune responses. Most, if not all, biological activities of antibodies, however, depend on the functional properties of cells that express receptors for the Fc portion of antibodies (FcR). Most FcR are activating receptors; some are inhibitory. When engaged by antibodies and antigen, the various FcR expressed by a given cell trigger a mixture of positive and negative signals whose integration determines cellular responses. Responses of cell populations can be either protective or pathogenic. As a consequence, FcR are potential target/tools in a variety of diseases including infection, allergy, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
Collapse
|
50
|
Recombinant proteins produced into yolk of genetically manipulated chickens are partly sialylated in N-glycan. Cytotechnology 2013; 65:985-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9613-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|