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Bypassing Mendel's First Law: Transmission Ratio Distortion in Mammals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021600. [PMID: 36675116 PMCID: PMC9863905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mendel's law of segregation states that the two alleles at a diploid locus should be transmitted equally to the progeny. A genetic segregation distortion, also referred to as transmission ratio distortion (TRD), is a statistically significant deviation from this rule. TRD has been observed in several mammal species and may be due to different biological mechanisms occurring at diverse time points ranging from gamete formation to lethality at post-natal stages. In this review, we describe examples of TRD and their possible mechanisms in mammals based on current knowledge. We first focus on the differences between TRD in male and female gametogenesis in the house mouse, in which some of the most well studied TRD systems have been characterized. We then describe known TRD in other mammals, with a special focus on the farmed species and in the peculiar common shrew species. Finally, we discuss TRD in human diseases. Thus far, to our knowledge, this is the first time that such description is proposed. This review will help better comprehend the processes involved in TRD. A better understanding of these molecular mechanisms will imply a better comprehension of their impact on fertility and on genome evolution. In turn, this should allow for better genetic counseling and lead to better care for human families.
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Guo W, Comai L, Henry IM. Chromoanagenesis in plants: triggers, mechanisms, and potential impact. Trends Genet 2023; 39:34-45. [PMID: 36055901 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chromoanagenesis is a single catastrophic event that involves, in most cases, localized chromosomal shattering and reorganization, resulting in a dramatically restructured chromosome. First discovered in cancer cells, it has since been observed in various other systems, including plants. In this review, we discuss the origin, characteristics, and potential mechanisms underlying chromoanagenesis in plants. We report that multiple processes, including mutagenesis and genetic engineering, can trigger chromoanagenesis via a variety of mechanisms such as micronucleation, breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycles, or chain-like translocations. The resulting rearranged chromosomes can be preserved during subsequent plant growth, and sometimes inherited to the next generation. Because of their high tolerance to genome restructuring, plants offer a unique system for investigating the evolutionary consequences and potential practical applications of chromoanagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weier Guo
- Genome Center and Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Luca Comai
- Genome Center and Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Isabelle M Henry
- Genome Center and Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Donaldson B, Villagomez DAF, King WA. Classical, Molecular, and Genomic Cytogenetics of the Pig, a Clinical Perspective. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1257. [PMID: 33925534 PMCID: PMC8146943 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The chromosomes of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) are known to be prone to reciprocal chromosome translocations and other balanced chromosome rearrangements with concomitant fertility impairment of carriers. In response to the remarkable prevalence of chromosome rearrangements in swine herds, clinical cytogenetics laboratories have been established in several countries in order to screen young boars for chromosome rearrangements prior to service. At present, clinical cytogenetics laboratories typically apply classical cytogenetics techniques such as giemsa-trypsin (GTG)-banding to produce high-quality karyotypes and reveal large-scale chromosome ectopic exchanges. Further refinements to clinical cytogenetics practices have led to the implementation of molecular cytogenetics techniques such as fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH), allowing for rearrangements to be visualized and breakpoints refined using fluorescently labelled painting probes. The next-generation of clinical cytogenetics include the implementation of DNA microarrays, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies such as DNA sequencing to better explore tentative genome architecture changes. The implementation of these cytogenomics techniques allow the genomes of rearrangement carriers to be deciphered at the highest resolution, allowing rearrangements to be detected; breakpoints to be delineated; and, most importantly, potential gene implications of those chromosome rearrangements to be interrogated. Clinical cytogenetics has become an integral tool in the livestock industry, identifying rearrangements and allowing breeders to make informed breeding decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Donaldson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | | | - W. Allan King
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
- Karyotekk Inc., Box 363 OVC, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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4
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Galindo DJ, Vozdova M, Kubickova S, Cernohorska H, Bernegossi AM, Kadlcikova D, Rubes J, Duarte JMB. Sperm chromosome segregation of rob(4;16) and rob(4;16)inv(4) in the brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira). Theriogenology 2021; 168:33-40. [PMID: 33845262 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The genus Mazama stands out among the Neotropical deer due to their wide intra and interspecific karyotypic diversification, which is associated with an accentuated chromosomal fragility. There are reports of heterozygous Robertsonian translocation (RT) carriers in a free-range population of Mazama gouazoubira (brown brocket deer), as well as in captive animals of this and other species of the genus. To analyze possible negative impacts of heterozygous chromosome rearrangements on reproductive fitness of the carriers, we performed an analysis of sperm meiotic segregation in four brown brocket bucks, carriers of a rob(4;16), and compared the results with those of a normal buck. We established a reliable FISH and sperm-FISH protocol for the brown brocket deer using bovine (Bos taurus; diploid number, 2n = 60) whole chromosome painting (WCP) and BAC probes. Using BAC probes, we revealed the presence of a paracentric inversion (PAI) of the fused chromosome 4 in two of the four analyzed RT carriers. The mean frequency of normal/balanced sperm in the translocation carriers was significantly lower than in the normal buck (94.78% vs 98.40%). The mean value of total unbalanced spermatozoa was almost doubled in the RT/PAI carriers (6.68%) when compared to RT carriers (3.76%), but the difference was not statistically significant. This study demonstrated the efficiency of FISH with bovine WCP and BAC probes in the characterization of chromosome rearrangements and gametic segregation patterns in brown brocket deer. Our results indicate a low to moderate increase in the rates of unbalanced meiotic segregation products in brown brocket bucks heterozygous for RT and RT/PAIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Galindo
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista - NUPECCE/FCAV/UNESP, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - M Vozdova
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, 621-00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - S Kubickova
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, 621-00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - H Cernohorska
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, 621-00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A M Bernegossi
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista - NUPECCE/FCAV/UNESP, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D Kadlcikova
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, 621-00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J Rubes
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, 621-00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J M B Duarte
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista - NUPECCE/FCAV/UNESP, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chromosomal Polymorphism and Speciation: The Case of the Genus Mazama (Cetartiodactyla; Cervidae). Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020165. [PMID: 33530376 PMCID: PMC7911811 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal polymorphism plays a major role in speciation processes in mammals with high rates of karyotypic evolution, as observed in the family Cervidae. One remarkable example is the genus Mazama that comprises wide inter- and intra-specific chromosomal variability. To evaluate the impact of chromosomal polymorphisms as reproductive barriers within the genus Mazama, inter-specific hybrids between Mazama gouazoubira and Mazama nemorivaga (MGO × MNE) and intra-specific hybrids between cytotypes of Mazama americana (MAM) differing by a tandem (TF) or centric fusion (Robertsonian translocations—RT) were evaluated. MGO × MNE hybrid fertility was evaluated by the seminal quality and testicular histology. MAM hybrids estimation of the meiotic segregation products was performed by sperm-FISH analysis. MGO × MNE hybrids analyses showed different degrees of fertility reduction, from severe subfertility to complete sterility. Regarding MAM, RT, and TF carriers showed a mean value for alternate segregation rate of 97.74%, and 67.23%, and adjacent segregation rate of 1.80%, and 29.07%, respectively. Our results suggested an efficient post-zygotic barrier represented by severe fertility reduction for MGO × MNE and MAM with heterozygous TF. Nevertheless, RT did not show a severe effect on the reproductive fitness in MAM. Our data support the validity of MGO and MNE as different species and reveals cryptic species within MAM.
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Maternal Transmission Ratio Distortion in Two Iberian Pig Varieties. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091050. [PMID: 32899475 PMCID: PMC7563664 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmission ratio distortion (TRD) is defined as the allele transmission deviation from the heterozygous parent to the offspring from the expected Mendelian genotypic frequencies. Although TRD can be a confounding factor in genetic mapping studies, this phenomenon remains mostly unknown in pigs, particularly in traditional breeds (i.e., the Iberian pig). We aimed to describe the maternal TRD prevalence and its genomic distribution in two Iberian varieties. Genotypes from a total of 247 families (dam and offspring) of Entrepelado (n = 129) and Retinto (n = 118) Iberian varieties were analyzed. The offspring were sired by both ungenotyped purebred Retinto and Entrepelado Iberian boars, regardless of the dam variety used. After quality control, 16,246 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Entrepelado variety and 9744 SNPs in the Retinto variety were analyzed. Maternal TRD was evaluated by a likelihood ratio test under SNP-by-SNP, adapting a previous model solved by Bayesian inference. Results provided 68 maternal TRD loci (TRDLs) in the Entrepelado variety and 24 in the Retinto variety (q < 0.05), with mostly negative TRD values, increasing the transmission of the minor allele. In addition, both varieties shared ten common TRDLs. No strong evidence of biological effects was found in genes with TRDLs. However, some biological processes could be affected by TRDLs, such as embryogenesis at different levels and lipid metabolism. These findings could provide useful insight into the genetic mechanisms to improve the swine industry, particularly in traditional breeds.
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Abstract
The association between chromosomal abnormalities and reduced fertility in domestic animals is well recorded and has been studied for decades. Chromosome aberrations directly affect meiosis, gametogenesis, and the viability of zygotes and embryos. In some instances, balanced structural rearrangements can be transmitted, causing fertility problems in subsequent generations. Here, we aim to give a comprehensive overview of the current status and future prospects of clinical cytogenetics of animal reproduction by focusing on the advances in molecular cytogenetics during the genomics era. We describe how advancing knowledge about animal genomes has improved our understanding of connections between gross structural or molecular chromosome variations and reproductive disorders. Further, we expand on a key area of reproduction genetics: cytogenetics of animal gametes and embryos. Finally, we describe how traditional cytogenetics is interfacing with advanced genomics approaches, such as array technologies and next-generation sequencing, and speculate about the future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terje Raudsepp
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4458;
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Quach AT, Revay T, Villagomez DAF, Macedo MP, Sullivan A, Maignel L, Wyss S, Sullivan B, King WA. Prevalence and consequences of chromosomal abnormalities in Canadian commercial swine herds. Genet Sel Evol 2016; 48:66. [PMID: 27620715 PMCID: PMC5018939 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-016-0246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Structural chromosome abnormalities are well known as factors that reduce fertility rate in domestic pigs. According to large-scale national cytogenetic screening programs that are implemented in France, it is estimated that new chromosome abnormalities occur at a rate of 0.5 % in fertility-unproven boars. Results This work aimed at estimating the prevalence and consequences of chromosome abnormalities in commercial swine operations in Canada. We found pig carriers at a frequency of 1.64 % (12 out of 732 boars). Carrier pigs consistently showed lower fertility values. The total number of piglets born for litters from carrier boars was between 4 and 46 % lower than the herd average. Similarly, carrier boars produced litters with a total number of piglets born alive that was between 6 and 28 % lower than the herd average. A total of 12 new structural chromosome abnormalities were identified. Conclusions Reproductive performance is significantly reduced in sires with chromosome abnormalities. The incidence of such abnormal sires appears relatively high in populations without routine cytogenetic screening such as observed for Canada in this study. Systematic cytogenetic screening of potential breeding boars would minimise the risk of carriers of chromosome aberrations entering artificial insemination centres. This would avoid the large negative effects on productivity for the commercial sow herds and reduce the risk of transmitting abnormalities to future generations in nucleus farms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12711-016-0246-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh T Quach
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Tamas Revay
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel A F Villagomez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Departamento de Produccion Animal, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mariana P Macedo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Alison Sullivan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Stefanie Wyss
- Canadian Centre for Swine Improvement Inc., Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Sullivan
- Canadian Centre for Swine Improvement Inc., Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - W Allan King
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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Protein markers of synaptic behavior and chromatin remodeling of the neo-XY body in phyllostomid bats. Chromosoma 2015; 125:701-8. [PMID: 26661581 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-015-0566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The XX/XY system is the rule among mammals. However, many exceptions from this general pattern have been discovered since the last decades. One of these non-conventional sex chromosome mechanisms is the multiple sex chromosome system, which is evolutionary fixed among many bat species of the family Phyllostomidae, and has arisen by a translocation between one original gonosome (X or Y chromosome), and an autosome, giving rise to a "neo-XY body." The aim of this work is to study the synaptic behavior and the chromatin remodeling of multiple sex chromosomes in different species of phyllostomid bats using electron microscopy and molecular markers. Testicular tissues from adult males of the species Artibeus lituratus, Artibeus planirostris, Uroderma bilobatum, and Vampyrodes caraccioli from the eastern Amazonia were analyzed by optical/electron microscopy and immunofluorescence of meiotic proteins involved in synapsis (SYCP3 and SYCE3), sister-chromatid cohesion (SMC3), and chromatin silencing (BRCA1, γ-H2AX, and RNApol 2). The presence of asynaptic axes-labeled by BRCA1 and γ-H2AX-at meiotic prophase in testes that have a normal development of spermatogenesis, suggests that the basic mechanism that arrests spreading of transcriptional silencing (meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI)) to the autosomal segments may be per se the formation of a functional synaptonemal complex between homologous or non-homologous regions, and thus, this SC barrier might be probably related to the preservation of fertility in these systems.
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Medarde N, Merico V, López-Fuster MJ, Zuccotti M, Garagna S, Ventura J. Impact of the number of Robertsonian chromosomes on germ cell death in wild male house mice. Chromosome Res 2015; 23:159-69. [PMID: 25589476 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-014-9442-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies in the house mouse have shown that the presence of Robertsonian (Rb) metacentric chromosomes in heterozygous condition affects the process of spermatogenesis. This detrimental effect mainly depends on the number of metacentrics involved and the complexity of the resulting meiotic figures. In this study, we aimed at elucidating the relationship between the chromosomal composition and spermatogenesis impairment in mice present in an area of chromosomal polymorphism (the so-called Barcelona system BRbS) in which Rb mice are surrounded by all acrocentric animals, no established metacentric races are present and the level of structural heterozygosity is relatively low. Using the terminal deoxinucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay, we report higher frequency of apoptotic spermatogenetic cells in mice carrying six pairs of metacentrics at the homozygous state than in those carrying two or three fusions at the heterozygous state. Specifically, we detected a higher frequency of TUNEL-positive (T+) tubules and of T+ cells per tubule cross section and also a lower spermatid/spermatocyte ratio. These results indicate that the number of metacentrics at the homozygous state is more influential in determining apoptotic germ cell death than that of moderate chromosome heterozygosity. The percentage of germ cell death lower than 50 % found in our samples and the geographic distribution of the set of metacentrics within the BRbS indicate that although the spermatogenic alterations detected in this area could act as a partial barrier to gene flow, they are not sufficient to prevent Rb chromosomes from spreading in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Medarde
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain,
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Vozdova M, Sebestova H, Kubickova S, Cernohorska H, Awadova T, Vahala J, Rubes J. Impact of Robertsonian translocation on meiosis and reproduction: an impala (Aepyceros melampus) model. J Appl Genet 2014; 55:249-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s13353-014-0193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Acloque H, Bonnet-Garnier A, Mompart F, Pinton A, Yerle-Bouissou M. Sperm nuclear architecture is locally modified in presence of a Robertsonian translocation t(13;17). PLoS One 2013; 8:e78005. [PMID: 24205066 PMCID: PMC3815027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the non-random organization of the sperm nucleus supports an early function during embryonic development. Altering this organization may interfere with the zygote development and reduce fertility or prolificity. Thus, rare studies on sperm cells from infertile patients described an altered nuclear organization that may be a cause or a consequence of their respective pathologies. Thereby, chromosomal rearrangements and aneuploidy can be studied not only for their adverse effects on production of normal/balanced gametes at meiosis but also for their possible impact on sperm nuclear architecture and the epigenetic consequences of altered chromosome positioning. We decided to compare the global architecture of sperm nuclei from boars, either with a normal chromosome composition or with a Robertsonian translocation involving chromosomes 13 and 17. We hypothesized that the fusion between these chromosomes may change their spatial organization and we examined to what extend it could also modify the global sperm nuclear architecture. Analysis of telomeres, centromeres and gonosomes repartition does not support a global nuclear disorganization. But specific analysis of chromosomes 13 and 17 territories highlights an influence of chromosome 17 for the positioning of the fused chromosomes within the nucleus. We also observed a specific clustering of centromeres depending of the chromosome subtypes. Altogether our results showed that chromosome fusion does not significantly alter sperm nucleus architecture but suggest that centromere remodelling after chromosome fusion locally impacts chromosome positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Acloque
- INRA, UMR444 Génétique Cellulaire, Castanet Tolosan, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, UMR444 Génétique Cellulaire, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Amélie Bonnet-Garnier
- INRA, UMR444 Génétique Cellulaire, Castanet Tolosan, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, UMR444 Génétique Cellulaire, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Mompart
- INRA, UMR444 Génétique Cellulaire, Castanet Tolosan, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, UMR444 Génétique Cellulaire, Toulouse, France
| | - Alain Pinton
- INRA, UMR444 Génétique Cellulaire, Castanet Tolosan, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, UMR444 Génétique Cellulaire, Toulouse, France
| | - Martine Yerle-Bouissou
- INRA, UMR444 Génétique Cellulaire, Castanet Tolosan, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, UMR444 Génétique Cellulaire, Toulouse, France
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Barasc H, Ferchaud S, Mary N, Cucchi MA, Lucena AN, Letron IR, Calgaro A, Bonnet N, Dudez AM, Yerle M, Ducos A, Pinton A. Cytogenetic analysis of somatic and germinal cells from 38,XX/38,XY phenotypically normal boars. Theriogenology 2013; 81:368-72.e1. [PMID: 24200468 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Many chromosomal abnormalities have been reported to date in pigs. Most of them have been balanced structural rearrangements, especially reciprocal translocations. A few cases of XY/XX chimerism have also been diagnosed within the national systematic chromosomal control program of young purebred boars carried out in France. Until now, this kind of chromosomal abnormality has been mainly reported in intersex individuals. We investigated 38,XY/38,XX boars presenting apparently normal phenotypes to evaluate the potential effects of this particular chromosomal constitution on their reproductive performance. To do this, we analyzed (1) the chromosomal constitution of cells from different organs in one boar; (2) the aneuploidy rates for chromosomes X, Y, and 13 in sperm nuclei sampled from seven XY/XX boars. 2n = 38,XX cells were identified in different nonhematopoietic tissues including testis (frequency, <8%). Similar aneuploidy rates were observed in the sperm nuclei of XY/XX and normal individuals (controls). Altogether, these results suggest that the presence of XX cells had no or only a very limited effect on the reproduction abilities of the analyzed boars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmonie Barasc
- INRA, UMR 444, Génétique Cellulaire, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, UMR 444, Génétique Cellulaire, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Ferchaud
- GenESI Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants Poitou Charentes, Saint-Pierre-d'Amilly, France
| | - Nicolas Mary
- INRA, UMR 444, Génétique Cellulaire, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, UMR 444, Génétique Cellulaire, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Adélaïde Cucchi
- INRA, UMR 444, Génétique Cellulaire, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, UMR 444, Génétique Cellulaire, Toulouse, France
| | - Amalia Naranjo Lucena
- INRA, UMR 444, Génétique Cellulaire, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, UMR 444, Génétique Cellulaire, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Raymond Letron
- Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, UMS 006, Département des Sciences Biologiques et Fonctionnelles, Laboratoire d'Histopathologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Calgaro
- INRA, UMR 444, Génétique Cellulaire, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, UMR 444, Génétique Cellulaire, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Bonnet
- INRA, UMR 444, Génétique Cellulaire, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, UMR 444, Génétique Cellulaire, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Marie Dudez
- INRA, UMR 444, Génétique Cellulaire, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, UMR 444, Génétique Cellulaire, Toulouse, France
| | - Martine Yerle
- INRA, UMR 444, Génétique Cellulaire, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, UMR 444, Génétique Cellulaire, Toulouse, France
| | - Alain Ducos
- INRA, UMR 444, Génétique Cellulaire, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, UMR 444, Génétique Cellulaire, Toulouse, France
| | - Alain Pinton
- INRA, UMR 444, Génétique Cellulaire, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, UMR 444, Génétique Cellulaire, Toulouse, France.
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Ferfouri F, Boitrelle F, Clément P, Molina Gomes D, Selva J, Vialard F. Can one translocation impact the meiotic segregation of another translocation? A sperm-FISH analysis of a 46,XY,t(1;16)(q21;p11.2),t(8;9) (q24.3;p24) patient and his 46,XY,t(8;9)(q24.3;p24) brother and cousin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 19:109-17. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gas048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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15
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Ye Y, Qian Y, Xu C, Jin F. Meiotic segregation analysis of embryos from reciprocal translocation carriers in PGD cycles. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 24:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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16
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Sciurano RB, Rahn MI, Rey-Valzacchi G, Coco R, Solari AJ. The role of asynapsis in human spermatocyte failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 35:541-9. [PMID: 21977946 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2011.01221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The basic molecular mechanisms by which chromosomal rearrangements in heterozygous state produce spermatogenic disturbances are poorly understood. Testicular biopsies from five patients - one carrier of a Robertsonian translocation rob t(13;14), two carriers of two different Y-autosome translocations, a t(Y;6) and a t(Y;11), one carrier of a reciprocal translocation t(3;13) and one carrier of a heterochromatin duplication in chromosome 9 - were processed for histopathological analysis, electron microscopy and fluorescent immunolocalization of meiotic proteins. In all the patients, the asynaptic regions during pachytene are labelled by BRCA1 and retained RAD51 foci. The variant histone γ-H2AX is located on the chromatin domains of the asynaptic regions and the XY body. In contrast, these meiotic proteins are absent in those chromosomal segments that are non-homologously synapsed. The present observations on five new cases and a review of recent studies show that the common features shared by all these cases are the abnormal location of some meiotic proteins and the presence of transcriptionally silenced chromatin domains on asynaptic regions. The frequent association of these silenced regions with the XY body and the rescue of spermatocyte viability through non-homologous synapsis are also shared by all these carriers. A passive, random mechanism of clustering of asynaptic regions with the XY body is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Sciurano
- Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Dyce PW, Shen W, Huynh E, Shao H, Villagómez DA, Kidder GM, King WA, Li J. Analysis of Oocyte-Like Cells Differentiated from Porcine Fetal Skin-Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 20:809-19. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul W. Dyce
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Laboratory of Germ Cell Biology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Evanna Huynh
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hua Shao
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel A.F. Villagómez
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, México
| | - Gerald M. Kidder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario and Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - W. Allan King
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julang Li
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Massip K, Yerle M, Billon Y, Ferchaud S, Bonnet N, Calgaro A, Mary N, Dudez AM, Sentenac C, Plard C, Ducos A, Pinton A. Studies of male and female meiosis in inv(4)(p1.4;q2.3) pig carriers. Chromosome Res 2010; 18:925-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s10577-010-9162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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19
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Lavara R, Baselga M, Vicente JS. Aneuploidy in rabbit males: semen traits and fertility. Theriogenology 2010; 74:105-10. [PMID: 20207408 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal analyses were performed from peripheral blood samples from 20 adult rabbit males from Line R. This line has been selected for growth rate after weaning through 25 generations. Seminal characteristics and reproductive outcomes from these males were also examined. The chromosomal analysis results showed that one male had an aneuploidy rate of 16% (male A). The aneuploidies found represented both hypo- and hyper- haploidy. Differences between the male A and the contemporary males (males N), in fertility at 12 days post-insemination (44% vs. 66%) and at birth (31% vs. 59%) were observed. The male A also showed a high percentage of pregnancy losses (29% vs. 12%). For seminal characteristics, the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa was statistically different (P<0.05) between male A and males N (34+/-4 vs. 18+/-2), and concentration differed significantly between males, showing the male A reduced fewer spermatozoa than males N (67+/-23 vs. 172+/-10, x106/ml). Motility and kinematic parameters revealed no differences between males. Differences between male reproductive performance found in this study could be explained by the effect of aneuploidy on spermatogenesis and its deleterious effect on male reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lavara
- Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Camino de Vera, s/n, Valencia, Spain.
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Xanthopoulou L, Mantzouratou A, Mania A, Cawood S, Doshi A, Ranieri DM, Delhanty JD. Male and female meiotic behaviour of an intrachromosomal insertion determined by preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Mol Cytogenet 2010; 3:2. [PMID: 20181117 PMCID: PMC2830219 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-3-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two related family members, a female and a male balanced carrier of an intrachromosomal insertion on chromosome 7 were referred to our centre for preimplantation genetic diagnosis. This presented a rare opportunity to investigate the behaviour of the insertion chromosome during meiosis in two related carriers. The aim of this study was to carry out a detailed genetic analysis of the preimplantation embryos that were generated from the three treatment cycles for the male and two for the female carrier.Patients underwent in vitro fertilization and on day 3, 22 embryos from the female carrier and 19 embryos from the male carrier were biopsied and cells analysed by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Follow up analysis of 29 untransferred embryos was also performed for confirmation of the diagnosis and to obtain information on meiotic and mitotic outcome. RESULTS In this study, the female carrier produced more than twice as many chromosomally balanced embryos as the male (76.5% vs. 36%), and two pregnancies were achieved for her. Follow up analysis showed that the male carrier had produced more highly abnormal embryos than the female (25% and 15% respectively) and no pregnancies occurred for the male carrier and his partner. CONCLUSION This study compares how an intrachromosomal insertion has behaved in the meiotic and preimplantation stages of development in sibling male and female carriers. It confirms that PGD is an appropriate treatment in such cases. Reasons for the differing outcome for the two carriers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leoni Xanthopoulou
- UCL Centre for PGD, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, 86-96 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK.
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