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Donaldson B, Villagomez DAF, King WA. Classical, Molecular, and Genomic Cytogenetics of the Pig, a Clinical Perspective. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1257. [PMID: 33925534 PMCID: PMC8146943 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The chromosomes of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) are known to be prone to reciprocal chromosome translocations and other balanced chromosome rearrangements with concomitant fertility impairment of carriers. In response to the remarkable prevalence of chromosome rearrangements in swine herds, clinical cytogenetics laboratories have been established in several countries in order to screen young boars for chromosome rearrangements prior to service. At present, clinical cytogenetics laboratories typically apply classical cytogenetics techniques such as giemsa-trypsin (GTG)-banding to produce high-quality karyotypes and reveal large-scale chromosome ectopic exchanges. Further refinements to clinical cytogenetics practices have led to the implementation of molecular cytogenetics techniques such as fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH), allowing for rearrangements to be visualized and breakpoints refined using fluorescently labelled painting probes. The next-generation of clinical cytogenetics include the implementation of DNA microarrays, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies such as DNA sequencing to better explore tentative genome architecture changes. The implementation of these cytogenomics techniques allow the genomes of rearrangement carriers to be deciphered at the highest resolution, allowing rearrangements to be detected; breakpoints to be delineated; and, most importantly, potential gene implications of those chromosome rearrangements to be interrogated. Clinical cytogenetics has become an integral tool in the livestock industry, identifying rearrangements and allowing breeders to make informed breeding decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Donaldson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | | | - W. Allan King
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
- Karyotekk Inc., Box 363 OVC, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Rezaei S, Donaldson B, Villagomez DAF, Revay T, Mary N, Grossi DA, King WA. Routine Karyotyping Reveals Frequent Mosaic Reciprocal Chromosome Translocations in Swine: Prevalence, Pedigree, and Litter Size. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7471. [PMID: 32366875 PMCID: PMC7198520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the routine commercial karyotype analysis on 5,481 boars, we identified 32 carriers of mosaic reciprocal translocations, half of which were carrying a specific recurrent translocation, mos t(7;9). An additional 7 mosaic translocations were identified through lymphocyte karyotype analysis from parents and relatives of mosaic carriers (n = 45), a control group of non-carrier boars (n = 73), and a mitogen assessment study (n = 20), bringing the total number of mosaic carriers to 39 cases. Mosaic translocations in all carriers were recognized to be confined to hematopoietic cells as no translocations were identified in fibroblasts cells of the carriers. In addition, negative impact on reproduction was not observed as the fertility of the carriers and their relatives were comparable to breed averages, and cryptic mosaicism was not detected in the family tree. This paper presents the first study of mosaic reciprocal translocations identified in swine through routine screening practices on reproductively unproven breeding boars while presenting evidence that these type of chromosome abnormalities are not associated with any affected phenotype on the carrier animals. In addition, the detection of recurrent mosaic translocations in this study may emphasize the non-random nature of mosaic rearrangements in swine and the potential role of genomic elements in their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Rezaei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Brendan Donaldson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Daniel A F Villagomez
- Departamento de Produccion Animal, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, 44100, Mexico
| | - Tamas Revay
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Nicolas Mary
- UMR INRA-ENVT 444 Génétique Cellulaire, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 23 Chemin des Capelles - BP 87614, 31076, Toulouse, Cedex 3, France
| | - Daniela A Grossi
- Fast Genetics, 8,4001 Millar Avenue, Saskatoon, SK, S7K 2K6, Canada
| | - W Allan King
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada. .,Karyotekk Inc. Box 363 OVC, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Burrell K, Dardari R, Goldsmith T, Toms D, Villagomez DAF, King WA, Ungrin M, West FD, Dobrinski I. Stirred Suspension Bioreactor Culture of Porcine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1264-1275. [PMID: 31264514 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are an attractive cell source for regenerative medicine and the development of therapies, as they can proliferate indefinitely under defined conditions and differentiate into any cell type in the body. Large-scale expansion of cells is limited in adherent culture, making it difficult to obtain adequate cell numbers for research. It has been previously shown that stirred suspension bioreactors (SSBs) can be used to culture mouse and human stem cells. Pigs are important preclinical models for stem cell research. Therefore, this study investigated the use of SSBs as an alternative culture method for the expansion of iPSCs. Using an established porcine iPSC (piPSC) line as well as a new cell line derived and characterized in the current study, we report that piPSCs can grow in SSB while maintaining characteristics of pluripotency and karyotypic stability similar to cells grown in traditional two-dimensional static culture. This culture method provides a suitable platform for scale-up of cell culture to provide adequate cell numbers for future research applications involving piPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Burrell
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Rkia Dardari
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Taylor Goldsmith
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Derek Toms
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Daniel A F Villagomez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Allan King
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Ungrin
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Franklin D West
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Ina Dobrinski
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Alizadeh AH, Briah R, Villagomez DAF, King WA, Koch TG. Cell Identity, Proliferation, and Cytogenetic Assessment of Equine Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1729-1738. [PMID: 30251918 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to determine proliferation capacity, immunophenotype and genome integrity of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from horse umbilical cord blood (UCB) at passage stage 5 and 10. Passage 4 cryopreserved UCB-MSCs from six unrelated donors were evaluated. Immunophenotypic analysis of UCB-MSC revealed a cell identity consistent with equine MSC phenotype by high expression of CD90, CD44, CD29, and very low expression of CD4, CD11a/18, CD73, and MHC class I and II antigens. Proliferative differences were noted among the UCB-MSC cultures. UCB-MSCs karyotype characteristics at passage 5 (eg, 2n = 64; XY, or XX) included 20% polyploidy and 62% aneuploidy. At passage 10, the proportion of polyploidy and aneuploidy was 21% and 82%, respectively, with the increase in aneuploidy being significant compared with passage 5. Furthermore, conventional GTG-banded karyotyping revealed several structural chromosome abnormalities at both passage 5 and 10. The clinical relevance of such chromosome instability is unknown, but determination of MSC cytogenetic status and monitoring of patient response to MSC therapies would help address this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Alizadeh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ritesh Briah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel A F Villagomez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico
| | - William A King
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas G Koch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Quach AT, Revay T, Villagomez DAF, Macedo MP, Sullivan A, Maignel L, Wyss S, Sullivan B, King WA. Prevalence and consequences of chromosomal abnormalities in Canadian commercial swine herds. Genet Sel Evol 2016; 48:66. [PMID: 27620715 PMCID: PMC5018939 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-016-0246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Structural chromosome abnormalities are well known as factors that reduce fertility rate in domestic pigs. According to large-scale national cytogenetic screening programs that are implemented in France, it is estimated that new chromosome abnormalities occur at a rate of 0.5 % in fertility-unproven boars. Results This work aimed at estimating the prevalence and consequences of chromosome abnormalities in commercial swine operations in Canada. We found pig carriers at a frequency of 1.64 % (12 out of 732 boars). Carrier pigs consistently showed lower fertility values. The total number of piglets born for litters from carrier boars was between 4 and 46 % lower than the herd average. Similarly, carrier boars produced litters with a total number of piglets born alive that was between 6 and 28 % lower than the herd average. A total of 12 new structural chromosome abnormalities were identified. Conclusions Reproductive performance is significantly reduced in sires with chromosome abnormalities. The incidence of such abnormal sires appears relatively high in populations without routine cytogenetic screening such as observed for Canada in this study. Systematic cytogenetic screening of potential breeding boars would minimise the risk of carriers of chromosome aberrations entering artificial insemination centres. This would avoid the large negative effects on productivity for the commercial sow herds and reduce the risk of transmitting abnormalities to future generations in nucleus farms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12711-016-0246-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh T Quach
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Tamas Revay
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel A F Villagomez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Departamento de Produccion Animal, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mariana P Macedo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Alison Sullivan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Stefanie Wyss
- Canadian Centre for Swine Improvement Inc., Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Sullivan
- Canadian Centre for Swine Improvement Inc., Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - W Allan King
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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Villagomez DAF, Świtoński M, Singh B, Fisher KRS, Gustavsson I, Basrur PK. Synaptonemal complex analysis of an X-autosome translocation-carrier in the domestic pig. Genet Sel Evol 1991. [DOI: 10.1186/1297-9686-23-s1-s222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Villagomez DAF, Gustavsson I, Plöen L. Synaptonemal complex analysis of reciprocal chromosome translocations in the domestic pig. Genet Sel Evol 1991. [DOI: 10.1186/1297-9686-23-s1-s217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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